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421:套板 printing technique, using six colors to fill in contours but also to add modeling and shading to the depicted images. A significant innovation of Min Qiji's album is the presentation of scenes as if they were representations of dramatic performances or already-existing pictorial illustrations: the characters of the story appear as if they were paintings on handscrolls, folding fans, or standing screens; inscriptions on a bronze vessel; decorations on a lantern; and puppets used in a theatrical performance. It is possible that the innovative compositions of this album derive from designs by the Yuan artist
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contacts his childhood friend
General Du, who is stationed not far away. The general subdues the bandits, and it seems that Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying are set to be married. However, Yingying's mother begins to regret her rash promise to Zhang Sheng, and takes back her word, with the excuse that Yingying is already betrothed to the son of another high official of the court. The two young lovers are greatly disappointed, and begin to pine away with their unfulfilled love. Fortunately, Yingying's maid,
186:, takes pity on them, and ingeniously arranges to bring them together in a secret union. When Yingying's mother discovers what her daughter has done, she reluctantly consents to a formal marriage on one condition: Zhang must travel to the capital and pass the civil service examination. To the joy of the young lovers, Zhang Sheng proves to be a brilliant scholar, and is appointed to high office. The story thus ends on a happy note, as the two are finally married.
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220:. This version differs from the later play in that Zhang Sheng ultimately breaks from Yingying, and does not ask for her hand in marriage. Despite the unhappy ending, the story was popular with later writers, and recitative works based on it began accumulating in the centuries that followed. Perhaps bowing to popular sentiment, the ending gradually changed to the happy one seen in the play. The first example of the modified version is a
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Since the appearance of this play in the thirteenth century, it has enjoyed unparalleled popularity. The play has given rise to innumerable sequels, parodies, and rewritings; it has influenced countless later plays, short stories, and novels and has played a crucial role in the development of drama
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monastery. Yingying and her mother have stopped there to rest while escorting the coffin of
Yingying's father to their native town. Zhang Sheng falls in love with her immediately, but is prevented from expressing his feelings while Yingying is under her mother's watchful eye. The most he can do is
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The theme of the drama is an attack on traditional mores, supporting the longing of young people in those days for freedom of marriage, although it follows the timeworn pattern of a gifted scholar and a beautiful lady falling in love at first sight. According to the orthodox viewpoint of
Confucian
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However, word of
Yingying's beauty soon reaches Sun the Flying Tiger, a local bandit. He dispatches ruffians to surround the monastery, in the hopes of taking her as his consort. Yingying's mother agrees that whoever drives the bandits away can have Yingying's hand in marriage, so Zhang Sheng
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in the story is so prominent that evolves from a supporting role to an indispensable main character, becoming the synonym of marriage matchmaker in
Chinese culture. In some local versions, the plays even is named by her name and the story itself is only slightly changed.
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considered it silly to declare a book containing sex to be immoral, since "If we consider more carefully, what day is without it? What place is without it? Can we say that because there is between Heaven and Earth, therefore Heaven and Earth should be abolished?".
123:. Known as "China's most popular love comedy," it is the story of a young couple consummating their love without parental approval, and has been seen both as a "lover's bible" and "potentially lethal," as readers were in danger of pining away under its influence.
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Artists working in different media—including painting, woodblock printmaking, and pottery decoration—drew upon the various literary works that told the story of Zhang Sheng and Cui
Yingying, and their work relates to developments in Chinese literature and drama.
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and is identifiable in decorated ceramics of the Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Literary and dramatic scenes became popular as decorative patterns on blue-and-white porcelain produced in the
Zhizheng era (1341–1367) of the Yuan dynasty. Allusions to
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province. His work, which dates to 1640, includes a frontispiece depicting Cui
Yingying as well as one image for each of the twenty acts of the Yuan dynasty drama by Wang Shifu. Min Qiji's album may also be one of the first to rely on the Chinese
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carries a more profound meaning in its conclusion, and directly suggests the ideal that all lovers in the world be settled down in a family union, with a more sharp-cut theme of attacking traditional mores and the traditional marriage system.
37:
376:
368:, this book was forbidden to read. At first, Baoyu tries to hide the book, but he could not hide it from her. Later, he expressed his love for Lin Daiyu through the famous sentences from the book.
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to be an indecent, immoral, and licentious work. It was thus placed high on the list of forbidden books. Tang Laihe is reported to have said, "I heard that in the 1590s the performance of the
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appear in porcelain of different periods, including the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. For example, the image of
Yingying burning incense in the garden has become an archetype in
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Plate. The
Romance of the Western Chamber. The heroine is shown in contemplation, playing her zither. From China, Qing Dynasty, 18th century CE. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh
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has become the most popular love comedy in China. Nowadays, it is still actively performed on the stage. In the original traditional forms of art performance, such as
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Due to scenes that unambiguously described Zhang Sheng and Cui Yingying fulfilling their love outside of the bond of marriage, moralists have traditionally considered
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Scenes from The Story of the Western Wing, painted by Chinese artist Qiu Ying 仇英 (ca. 1494-1552), collected by Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallerynow
412:. One of the most accomplished renditions of the tale is the series of woodblock prints published, and probably designed, by Min Qiji (1580–after 1661) of Wucheng,
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252:...was still forbidden among families." Gui Guang (1613–1673) called the work "a book teaching debauchery." On the other hand, the famous critic
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In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, art that illustrated novels and dramatic productions became increasingly popular, and illustrations of
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society, love was not supposed to be a basis for marriage, as most marriages were arranged by the parents of the couples, but the happy ending of
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Cui Yingying (seated) and Hongniang, from a 2016 Yue opera performance in Tianchan Theatre, Shanghai, by Shanghai Theatre Academy students.
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in porcelain do not only draw upon Wang Shifu's drama in the 13th century, but also relate to early poetry inspired by narratives of the
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A scene from Min Qiji's multi-colored woodblock printing album depicting scenes from the play, "Zhang Junrui’s nocturnal music-making"
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The play has twenty-one acts in five parts. It tells the story of a secret love affair between Zhang Sheng (张生), a young scholar, and
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Vincenz Hundhausen (1878-1955): Leben und Werk des Dichters, Druckers, Verlegers, Professors, Regisseurs und Anwalts in Peking
425:, also known as Sheng Mou (1271–1368). The album was likely meant to appeal to a wealthy customer who was a fan of the story.
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West, Stephen H., and Wilt L. Idema (1995). “The Status of Wang Shifu’s Story of the Western Wing in Chinese Literature.” In
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Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Rawski, Evelyn S. (Jun 1993). "A Profile of The Manchu Language in Ch'ing History".
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An ivory fan depicting scenes from The Story of the Western Wing in the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco.
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Wang, Shifu, edited and translated with an introduction by Stephen H. West and Wilt L. Idema (1995).
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express his love in a poem read aloud behind the wall of the courtyard in which Yingying is lodging.
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https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23075932.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aaa74969e64dd0379542dc207c7496b1b
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were the most popular of all. Various Ming painters designed illustrations of the story, including
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lies in their endings—the former has a sad ending while the latter has a happy ending. What's more,
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228:) titled Romance of the Western Chamber Zhu Gongdiao (西廂記諸宮調) by Master Dong (董解元, Dong Jieyuan,
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Illustration by Chen Hongshou, woodblock print, from the 1639 edition published by Zhang Shenzhi
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Zu der Besprechung meines Buches "Das Westzimmer durch Prof. E. Haenisch in Asia Major VIII 1/2
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882:
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701:. Volume 8, Number 1, Spring 2001. pp. 241–244. 10.1353/cri.2001.0034. - Available from
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A scene from Min Qiji's multi-colored woodblock printing album depicting scenes from the play
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Master Tung's Western Chamber Romance (Tung Hsi-hsiang Chu-kung-tiao): A Chinese Chantefable
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Rolston, David L. (March 1996). "(Book Review) The Story of the Western Wing".
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Educational Books (Asia) Ltd. (Writing in Asia Series), with a foreword by
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Secret Edition of the Northern Western Wing Corrected by Mr. Zhang Shenzhi
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made a German translation of this story. A French translation was made by
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embodies the aspirations of people for more meaningful and happier lives.
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733:, by Wang Shifu. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 3–15.
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On the Role's Evolution of Hongniang in "The Romance of West Chamber"
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500:(1973), translated and adapted by T.C. Lai and Ed Gamarekian,
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also had profound influences on other literary works, such as
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development".
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development".
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development".
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development".
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development".
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on Chinese Porcelains: Iconography, Style, and Development."
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From the 13th century to the 21st century, many scenes from
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906:. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. pp. 83–84.
818:. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. pp. 82–83.
754:. Translated by Stephen H. West and Wilt L. Idema.
150:Play IV, A Clandestine Meeting of Rain and Clouds
147:Play III, Feelings Transmitted by Lines of Poetry
712:. Jixi University, Jixi, Heilongjiang, May 2009,
210:during the Tang dynasty. This version was called
141:Play I, Burning Incense and Worshiping the Moon
921:. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. p. 84.
461:There have been numerous English translations:
32:Romance of the Western Chamber (disambiguation)
593:, falling in love with Zhang Sheng, played by
104:and similar titles, is one of the most famous
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1248:
8:
1463:Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty
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1776:
1768:
1255:
1241:
1233:
315:, and other new forms of performance like
360:together is a very famous episode in the
232:is an honorific meaning "master") of the
1087:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
1054:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
1021:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
988:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
932:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
677:Hsu, Wen-Chin (2011). "Illustrations of
130:
36:
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623:
491:(1958), translated by Hung Tseng-ling,
202:The original story was first told in a
82:
1458:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
809:
807:
319:and film. The resourceful maidservant
1149:(1). Harvard-Yenching Institute: 94.
485:(Hart did not translate the last act)
481:(1936), translated by Henry H. Hart,
272:Thus, the biggest difference between
153:Play V, A Reunion Ordained by Heaven
144:Play II, Icy Strings Spell Out Grief
7:
687:http://www.jstor.org/stable/23075932
1143:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
967:The Romance of the Western Chamber
668:The Romance of the Western Chamber
498:The Romance of the Western Chamber
466:The Romance of the Western Chamber
447:The Romance of the Western Chamber
438:The Romance of the Western Chamber
430:The Romance of the Western Chamber
398:The Romance of the Western Chamber
326:The Romance of the Western Chamber
305:The Romance of the Western Chamber
282:The Romance of the Western Chamber
267:The Romance of the Western Chamber
25:
585:made a twist in the tale and had
1914:Chinese plays adapted into films
1653:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
1516:Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns
1131:. Retrieved on December 8, 2013.
969:: Min Qiji's Album in Cologne".
670:: Min Qiji's Album in Cologne."
638:
626:
597:, while Cui Yingying, played by
27:Yuan dynasty drama by Wang Shifu
1378:Second Mongol invasion of Burma
752:"The Story of the Western Wing"
1884:Romance of the Western Chamber
1864:Romance of the Western Chamber
1819:Romance of the Western Chamber
1403:Red Turban invasions of Goryeo
1229:from the World Digital Library
1129:University of California Press
1089:Romance of the Western Chamber
1056:Romance of the Western Chamber
1023:Romance of the Western Chamber
990:Romance of the Western Chamber
934:Romance of the Western Chamber
832:(1996). "The Painted Screen".
756:University of California Press
724:University of California Press
679:Romance of the Western Chamber
575:in China in 1927, directed by
572:Romance of the Western Chamber
523:University of California Press
358:Romance of the Western Chamber
72:
63:
55:
47:Romance of the Western Chamber
1:
1686:The Story of the Western Wing
1557:Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass
1281:Division of the Mongol Empire
1121:The Story of the Western Wing
731:The Story of the Western Wing
720:The Story of the Western Wing
542:The book was translated into
511:The Story of the Western Wing
303:Since the first performance,
278:The Story of the Western Wing
246:The Story of the Western Wing
111:works. It was written by the
89:The Story of the Western Wing
1924:Plays set in the 9th century
1562:Gulou and Zhonglou (Beijing)
1313:conquest of the Song dynasty
917:Wang, John Ching-yu (1972).
902:Wang, John Ching-yu (1972).
814:Wang, John Ching-yu (1972).
528:Romance of the Western Bower
101:Romance of the Western Bower
1874:Lost in the Chamber of Love
1582:Jinan Great Southern Mosque
965:Delbanco, Dawn Ho (1983). "
666:Delbanco, Dawn Ho (1983). "
582:Lost in the Chamber of Love
550:: Manju nikan Si siang ki.
338:, and another famous play,
336:Four Great Classical Novels
1940:
1468:Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia
1347:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
1198:) "Das Westzimmer." P. 563
699:China Review International
579:. In 2005, the TVB series
119:(王實甫), and set during the
29:
1383:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
891:– via Google Books.
782:10.1017/S0305741000044477
1497:Goryeo under Mongol rule
1303:Mongol conquest of China
674:14, no. 6 (June): 12-23.
362:Dream of the Red Chamber
331:Dream of the Red Chamber
1572:Pagoda of Bailin Temple
1393:1344 Yellow River flood
1388:War of the Two Capitals
1298:Kublai Khan's campaigns
566:It was a released as a
536:Foreign Languages Press
493:Foreign Languages Press
483:Oxford University Press
334:, the first of China's
234:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
206:short story written by
1672:The Injustice to Dou E
1577:Temple of Azure Clouds
1507:Science and technology
1364:Battle of Ngasaunggyan
1308:anti-Mongol fortresses
977:(6): 13–15, 18, 20–23.
685:40, 39-107, available
603:Emperor Dezong of Tang
530:(2000), translated by
513:(1995), translated by
468:(1935), translated by
389:
381:
300:
199:
190:Historical development
166:
138:
86:), also translated as
42:
1408:Battle of Lake Poyang
1398:Red Turban Rebellions
875:Ch'en, Li-Li (1976).
387:
379:
296:
274:The Story of Yingying
213:The Story of Yingying
197:
164:
134:
40:
1812:Yingying's Biography
372:Artistic achievement
218:Yingying's Biography
127:Contents of the Play
30:For other uses, see
1591:Society and culture
1318:Battle of Xiangyang
773:The China Quarterly
750:Shifu Wang (1991).
538:(bilingual version)
489:The Western Chamber
289:Cultural influences
52:traditional Chinese
1909:Yuan dynasty plays
1679:The Orphan of Zhao
1448:Imperial Preceptor
691:Merker, Annette. "
654:The Orphan of Zhao
552:Vincenz Hundhausen
474:Methuen Publishing
390:
382:
341:The Peony Pavilion
301:
200:
167:
139:
60:simplified Chinese
43:
1896:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1765:
1764:
1216:Project Gutenberg
881:. 9780521208710.
697:" (book review).
434:Chinese porcelain
16:(Redirected from
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1888:(2013 TV series)
1887:
1878:(2004 TV series)
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1785:
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1735:ʼPhags-pa script
1665:The Chalk Circle
1646:Zhongyuan Yinyun
1533:Shiyi Dexiaofang
1291:Kaidu–Kublai war
1286:Toluid Civil War
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834:Critical Inquiry
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776:(145): 231–232.
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1604:History of Liao
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1415:Ispah rebellion
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1175:Merker, p. 242.
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1211:Xi Xiang Ji
1188:(in German)
599:Michelle Ye
568:silent film
562:Adaptations
548:Möllendorff
442:Chinese art
261:criticism.
222:chantefable
115:playwright
1903:Categories
1829:Characters
1424:Government
661:References
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506:Lin Yutang
432:decorated
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73:Xīxiāng Jì
18:Xixiang ji
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587:Hongniang
558:in 1872.
502:Heinemann
423:Sheng Mao
354:Lin Daiyu
350:Jia Baoyu
344:, in the
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309:Kun Opera
240:Reactions
208:Yuan Zhen
184:Hongniang
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613:See also
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109:dramatic
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1704:Fashion
1527:Coinage
1342:Vietnam
1273:History
1196:Archive
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1125:Archive
854:1344077
760:, p. 3.
619:Portals
577:Hou Yao
402:Qian Gu
317:musical
230:Jieyuan
106:Chinese
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544:Manchu
419:taoban
408:, and
224:(諸宮調,
80::
70::
68:pinyin
62::
54::
1699:Islam
1483:Tibet
1369:Pagan
1359:Burma
1337:Japan
1323:Yamen
1159:JSTOR
1103:JSTOR
1070:JSTOR
1037:JSTOR
1004:JSTOR
948:JSTOR
858:S2CID
850:JSTOR
794:S2CID
786:JSTOR
738:Notes
633:China
216:, or
1804:Text
1694:Semu
1659:Zaju
1618:Song
1123:." (
883:ISBN
546:as
517:and
352:and
311:and
276:and
157:Plot
1611:Jin
1214:at
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1151:doi
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64:西厢记
56:西廂記
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20:)
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