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the local peasants who could be suspects into the village square. Each was to carry their hand sickles to the town square with them. Once assembled, the magistrate ordered the ten-or-so suspects to place their hand sickles on the ground in front of them and then step back a few yards. The afternoon sun was warm and as the villagers, suspects, and magistrates waited, bright shiny metallic green flies began to buzz around them in the village square. The shiny metallic colored flies then began to focus in on one of the hand sickles lying on the ground. Within just a few minutes many had landed on the hand sickle and were crawling over it with interest. None of the other hand sickles had attracted any of these pretty flies. The owner of the tool became very nervous, and it was only a few more moments before all those in the village knew who the murderer was. With head hung in shame and pleading for mercy, the magistrate led the murderer away. The witnesses of the murder were the brightly metallic colored flies known as the blow flies which had been attracted to the remaining bits of soft tissue, blood, bone and hair which had stuck to the hand sickle after the murder was committed. The knowledge of the village magistrate as to a specific insect group's behavior regarding their attraction to dead human tissue was the key to solving this violent act and justice was served in ancient China.
128:
182:, containing fifty-three chapters in five volumes. The first volume describes the imperial decree issued by the Song Dynasty on the inspection of bodies and injuries. The second volume contains notes and methods on postmortem examinations. The third, fourth, and fifth volumes detail the appearances of corpses from various causes of death and methods of treatment to certain injuries of a wounded person.
805:
252:
A local peasant from a
Chinese village was found murdered, hacked to death by a hand sickle. The use of a sickle, a tool used by peasants to cut the rice at harvest time, suggested that another local peasant worker had committed the murder. The local magistrate began the investigation by calling all
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Topics that Song Ci commented on in the book include the regulations for preparing autopsy reports for the courts, how to protect the evidence in the examining process, and the reasons why workers should show impartiality during examinations; he also provided descriptions on how to wash dead bodies
244:
were attracted to a single sickle because invisible remnants of blood and tissue still adhered to it. The owner of the alleged sickle later broke down and confessed the crime. In other areas of the text, the author demonstrates knowledge of blow fly activity on bodies relative to those orifices
235:
case is reported. In 1235 A.D., a stabbing occurred in a
Chinese village. By testing different blades on an animal carcass, it was determined that the wound was caused by a sickle. After further questioning, the investigator had all villagers bring their
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Should there be any inaccuracy in an autopsy report, injustice would remain with the deceased as well as the living. A wrongful death sentence without justice may claim one or more additional lives, which would in turn result in
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with his own experiences and wrote the book with an eye to avoiding injustice. The book was esteemed by generations of officials, and it was eventually translated into
English, German, Japanese, French and other languages.
205:
that masks the stench, letting his subordinates do the autopsy unsupervised, or allowing a petty official to write his autopsy report, otherwise any potential inaccuracy is unchecked and uncorrected.
417:
Song, Ci, and Brian E. McKnight. The washing away of wrongs: forensic medicine in thirteenth-century China. Ann Arbor: Center for
Chinese Studies, U of Michigan, 1981. Print. p 79-85.
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Song, Ci, and Brian E. McKnight. The washing away of wrongs: forensic medicine in thirteenth-century China. Ann Arbor: Center for
Chinese Studies, U of Michigan, 1981. Print. p 161.
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report. A coroner must not avoid performing an autopsy just because he detests the stench of corpses. A coroner must refrain from sitting comfortably behind a curtain of
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548:. Science, medicine, and technology in East Asia, v. 1. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1981 (
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465:, 431–440. Edited by Cyril H. Wecht and John T. Rago. Boca Raton: CRC Press, an imprint of Taylor and Francis Group.
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The particulars of each case must be recorded in the doctor’s own handwriting. No one else is allowed to write his
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to determine different causes of death. The book was notable for having given methods to distinguish between
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infested, the time of infestation, and the effect of trauma on attractiveness of tissue to such insects.
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Different versions of the book exist, but the earliest existing version was published during the
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Forensic
Science and Law: Investigative Applications in Criminal, Civil, and Family Justice
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162:(960-1276) as a handbook for coroners. The author combined many historical cases of
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The
Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China
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The
Washing Away of Wrongs: Forensic Medicine in Thirteenth-Century China
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231:(an alternative translated title of the same book), the first documented
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Brian McKnight describes the murder case involving the sickle as thus:
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Uematsu, Tadashi; (transl. T. Nakayama) (1978). "Hsi-yüan chi-lu". In
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Haskell, Neal H. (2006). "The
Science of Forensic Entomology," in
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599:. A novel (historical fiction) inspired by the life of Ci Song.
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Benecke M. (2001). "A brief history of forensic entomology".
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It is the first ever written book of forensic science.
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498:"The "Hsi Yüan Lu" or "Instructions to Coroners""
387:(in Chinese). Huaxia Jingwei Wang. Archived from
223:Importance to the history of forensic entomology
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1051:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
502:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
276:The Hsi Yüan Lu, or Instructions to Coroners
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27:Song Dynasty handbook of forensic science
575:Hsi Yüan Li, or Instructions to Coroners
131:Nomenclature of human bones in Sòng Cí:
319:
281:In 1981 D. Brian E. McKnight published
1619:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
1544:Endless power transmitting chain drive
141:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
35:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
31:
7:
484:Records of Washing away of Injuries
265:Records of Washing away of Injuries
240:and lay them out before the crowd.
263:In 1855 Dr. Harland published the
25:
544:Song, Ci, and Brian E. McKnight.
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385:"Song Ci and his Xi Yuan Ji Lu"
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1741:Academic works about forensics
1045:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
135:, edited by Ruǎn Qíxīn (1843).
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59:
1:
1480:Southern Song dynasty coinage
441:10.1016/S0379-0738(01)00409-1
190:and death from other causes.
341:The Chinese University Press
892:Department of State Affairs
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854:Bureau of Military Affairs
577:Scan of Giles' translation
514:10.1177/003591572401701705
296:List of Chinese physicians
229:The Washing Away of Wrongs
193:In the book, Song writes:
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726:Alliance Conducted at Sea
716:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
581:Garrido, Antonio (2013).
508:(Sect Hist Med): 59–107.
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66:
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1057:Four Great Books of Song
302:Witness to a Prosecution
54:Traditional Chinese
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1539:Early Bessemer process
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111:sai2 jyun1 zaap6 luk6
1063:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
837:Administrative units
711:Song–Tibet relations
686:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
570:Introduce Of Song Ci
482:W.A. Harland, M.D.,
309:drama about Song Ci.
258:English translations
1613:Forensic entomology
1574:Watertight bulkhead
1453:Joint-stock company
947:Ministry of Justice
932:Ministry of Revenue
842:Sixteen Prefectures
370:Library of Congress
337:A Sung Bibliography
270:In 1924 sinologist
233:forensic entomology
158:in 1247 during the
133:Xǐ-yuān lù jí-zhèng
1746:Chinese literature
1726:13th-century books
1549:Astronomical clock
756:Treaty of Shaoxing
587:. AmazonCrossing.
496:Giles, HA (1924).
216:feuds and revenges
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884:Three Departments
721:Fang La rebellion
701:Wang Ze rebellion
584:The Corpse Reader
486:, Hong Kong 1855.
429:Forensic Sci. Int
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16:(Redirected from
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343:. p. 186.
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391:on 2007-09-30
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473:. Page 432.
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1720:Categories
1647:(972–1051)
1564:Pound lock
1490:Nanhai One
1447:Wang Anshi
1345:Su Hanchen
1308:Li Gonglin
1278:Zhao Chang
1274:(970–1053)
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1231:Yang Wanli
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1363:Zhao Boju
1302:Wang Shen
1284:Yi Yuanji
1280:(10th c.)
1152:Cheng Hao
1146:Zhang Zai
1134:Zeng Gong
1122:Cai Xiang
1116:Shao Yong
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