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While it was worn across classes, the material and colors used to make yếm varied widely based upon the person's social status and the occasion. Commoner women usually wore yếm in simple blacks and whites for day to day use, whereas during special occasions they could opt for more festive, brighter
251:
Chinese clothing in the form of trousers and tunic were mandated by the Nguyễn dynasty. As late as the 1920s, in
Vietnam's north area in isolated hamlets skirts were still worn. Ming, Tang, and Han dynasty-styled clothing was ordered to be adopted by Vietnamese military and bureaucrats by the Nguyễn
187:
dynasties. During the late 19th until the 20th century, it was mainly worn by women in northern
Vietnam. Unlike other Vietnamese clothing that helped to segregate the classes, the unseen yếm were worn as an undergarment by Vietnamese women of all walks of life, from peasant women toiling in the
351:
Fashion designers, in their constant quest to revitalize interest in traditional costumes - as well as reinvent them - have created many new collections of yếm. The modernized form of the garment is slightly different and is called
304:
While the bottom of the yếm are v-shaped, there were different styles for the top of the garment which covered the neck, the most common two variations being the rounded neck or the v-shaped neck style.
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It is a simple garment with many variations from its basic form, which is a simple, usually diamond or square-cut piece of cloth draped over a woman's chest with strings to tie at the neck and back.
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240:, which were close fitting and compact, were added in the 1920s to this style. Trousers and tunics based on the Chinese pattern in 1774 were ordered by
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Vietnam and the
Chinese Model: A Comparative Study of Vietnamese and Chinese Government in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
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colors such as red and pink. Indeed, much of
Vietnamese poetry has been dedicated to the beauty of women in their
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were also affected, as the trousers replaced their traditional skirts. The áo dài was created when
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that was once worn by
Vietnamese women across all classes. It was most usually worn underneath a
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has proven to be quite popular with young women, perhaps due to its similarity to the
Western
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Some types of yếm have a little pocket within, where women often used to store a little
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reached
Vietnam, by the 20th century women increasingly abandoned yếm for the Western
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inspired the áo dài. Chinese clothing started influencing
Vietnamese dress during the
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is most often seen in artistic performances with a traditional or historical motif.
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Kingdom, in which tunics and long trousers took the place of the yếm and skirt (
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Southeast Asia in the Age of
Commerce, 1450-1680: The lands below the winds
484:
Tuttle
Concise Vietnamese Dictionary: Vietnamese-English English-Vietnamese
820:
Searching for Vietnam: Selected Writings on Vietnamese Culture and Society
358:" rather than "yếm", the latter term referring to the historical garment.
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897:"Vietnamese Ao Dai: From Dong Son bronze drum to int'l beauty contests"
692:"The Ao Dai and I: A Personal Essay on Cultural Identity and Steampunk"
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Globalization: A View by Vietnamese Consumers Through Wedding Windows
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Clothing generally not worn today, except in historical settings
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The 'yếm', a Vietnamese garment replaced during westernization
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fields to imperial consorts. It is an integral part of the
624:"Ao dai – Vietnam's national dress - Clothing and Fashion"
844:
Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K. (2012).
179:
used in China since antiquity whose use spread under the
542:
Periplus Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary: ペリプラスポケットベトナム語辞典
650:"#18 Transcultural Tradition of the Vietnamese Ao Dai"
539:
Benjamin Wilkinson; Giuong Van Phan (15 March 2003).
256:. Pants were mandated by the Nguyễn in 1744 and the
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722:. Michelin Travel Publications. 2002. p. 200.
220:forced the whole country to adopt the costumes of
733:Gary Yia Lee; Nicholas Tapp (16 September 2010).
763:A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads
375:
360:
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226:
207:
205:The skirt which is worn with the yếm is called
2175:
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454:Elizabeth J. Lewandowski (24 October 2011).
194:costume, which it is often worn underneath.
19:
935:Vietnamese Traditional Costumes and Fashion
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2182:
2168:
2160:
972:
958:
950:
850:. Columbia University Press. p. 295.
18:
575:. Harvard Univ Asia Center. p. 134.
264:. The predecessor of the current áo dài (
766:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 285–.
446:
168:The yếm might have originated from the
823:. Kyoto University Press. p. 64.
796:. Yale University Press. p. 90.
68:
7:
602:. University of Utah. pp. 34–.
487:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 364–.
48:Two girls in yếm carry goods to sell
872:"Vietnam Traditional Dress, Ao Dai"
545:. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 81–.
518:. SEAP Publications. p. 393.
460:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 308–.
216:After unification of Vietnam, the
14:
161:A woman in Hanoi wearing yếm and
2144:
1080:
736:Culture and Customs of the Hmong
648:Nguyen, Ashley (14 March 2010).
139:
123:
107:
25:
847:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition
457:The Complete Costume Dictionary
515:Intermediate Spoken Vietnamese
1:
1017:Court dress (Empire of Japan)
596:Nguyen, Thuc-Doan T. (2008).
16:Traditional Vietnamese bodice
2706:Vietnamese words and phrases
760:Anthony Reid (2 June 2015).
481:Phan Giuong (14 July 2015).
248:-like traditional clothing.
77:: 裺 or 襖裺) is a traditional
739:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 138–.
328:A female dancer wearing yếm
2727:
1078:
2691:History of Asian clothing
2141:
987:
24:
817:Rambo, A. Terry (2005).
268:) was introduced by the
201:Girls in yếm and váy đụp
2598:List of lingerie brands
336:Two dancers wearing yếm
175:, a variant of similar
508:Huffman, Franklin E.;
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31:Young woman wearing a
2010:Manchu platform shoes
901:VietNam Breaking News
876:www.vietnamonline.com
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92:to preserve modesty.
47:
1922:Stephane (headdress)
628:angelasancartier.net
2701:Vietnamese clothing
2151:Clothing portal
981:Historical clothing
567:Woodside, Alexander
427:Vietnamese clothing
284:A yếm from the back
150:wear five-color yếm
134:wear five-color yếm
118:wear five-color yếm
21:
2670:UK Lingerie Awards
2655:Corset controversy
2417:Foundation garment
436:History of Vietnam
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1995:Episcopal sandals
1260:Close-bodied gown
1162:Sompot Chong Kben
857:978-0-231-51110-0
830:978-1-920901-05-9
803:978-0-300-04750-9
773:978-0-631-17961-0
746:978-0-313-34527-2
698:. 20 October 2010
609:978-0-549-68091-8
582:978-0-674-93721-5
552:978-0-7946-0044-0
525:978-0-87727-500-8
494:978-1-4629-1417-3
467:978-0-8108-7785-6
320:In modern Vietnam
254:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
242:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
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919:External links
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903:. Feb 28, 2016
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2614:Bras N Things
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2582:Lingerie tape
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2250:Underwire bra
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1842:Motoring hood
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1570:Waist cincher
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1363:Kinsale cloak
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1182:Pedal pushers
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1119:Peascod belly
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186:
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178:
177:undergarments
174:
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117:
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46:
42:
34:
28:
23:
2455:Bodystocking
2305:
2245:Training bra
2217:
1672:Anthony Eden
1653:
1624:Open drawers
1475:Galway shawl
1290:Robe de cour
905:. Retrieved
900:
891:
879:. Retrieved
875:
866:
846:
839:
819:
812:
792:
782:
762:
755:
735:
728:
718:
712:
700:. Retrieved
695:
686:
674:. Retrieved
665:
653:. Retrieved
643:
631:. Retrieved
627:
618:
598:
591:
571:
561:
541:
534:
514:
503:
483:
476:
456:
449:
419:
415:Áo giao lĩnh
405:
399:
374:
372:
359:
350:
339:
307:
303:
294:
287:
270:Nguyễn lords
250:
225:
215:
206:
204:
189:
167:
162:
94:
82:undergarment
60:
59:
54:
53:
51:
41:
32:
2660:Bralessness
2570:Accessories
2546:Pantalettes
2526:Farthingale
2506:Boudoir cap
2351:Girl boxers
2319:Lower torso
2235:Nursing bra
2198:Upper torso
2128:Shoe buckle
2055:Accessories
2005:Lotus shoes
1782:Jeongjagwan
1757:French hood
1707:Blessed hat
1629:Pantalettes
1597:Farthingale
1507:Ulster coat
1487:Smock-frock
1400:Houppelande
1190: [
995:Body-length
266:Áo ngũ thân
234:White Hmong
148:Cochinchina
66:Vietnamese:
2685:Categories
2619:Cosmo Lady
2556:Pettipants
2531:Hoop skirt
2494:Historical
2470:Knee highs
2422:Nightshirt
2395:Full torso
2301:Torsolette
2240:Sports bra
2098:Lavallière
2015:Pampooties
1772:Gable hood
1649:Union suit
1644:Pettipants
1587:Hoop skirt
1517:Witzchoura
1187:Saragüells
1124:Poet shirt
1042:Justacorps
1032:Frock coat
442:References
411:Áo tứ thân
400:stanapatta
368:halterneck
262:Lý dynasty
222:Đàng Trong
191:áo tứ thân
79:Vietnamese
2634:Journelle
2624:Figleaves
2551:Petticoat
2521:Crinoline
2475:Pantyhose
2371:Tap pants
2331:Boyshorts
2296:Nightgown
2073:Cointoise
2068:Belt hook
2063:Ascot tie
2045:Turnshoes
2030:Poulaines
1990:Duckbills
1975:Carbatina
1937:Welsh Wig
1887:Printer's
1847:Mounteere
1837:Mooskappe
1797:Kokoshnik
1682:Arakhchin
1634:Petticoat
1619:Loincloth
1592:Crinoline
1527:Underwear
1465:Shadbelly
1435:Overfrock
1390:Greatcoat
1320:Outerwear
1285:Polonaise
1265:Debutante
1222:Safeguard
1012:Brunswick
702:25 August
676:25 August
655:25 August
633:25 August
293:bodices (
291:vermilion
258:cheongsam
146:Women in
130:Women in
114:Women in
2480:Stocking
2465:Hold-ups
2427:Playsuit
2412:Corselet
2386:Bloomers
2380:G-string
2341:Fundoshi
2291:Negligee
2281:Camisole
2271:Babydoll
2255:Male bra
2230:Bralette
2191:Lingerie
2025:Pigaches
1985:Chopines
1952:Footwear
1877:Phrygian
1857:Nightcap
1832:Monmouth
1762:Fontange
1742:Cornette
1737:Coonskin
1727:Cavalier
1717:Capotain
1664:Headwear
1639:Peignoir
1560:Corselet
1555:Codpiece
1545:Chausses
1395:Himation
1333:Car coat
1305:Tea gown
1167:Culottes
1157:Breeches
1144:Trousers
1134:Suea pat
1072:Xout lao
940:quehuong
790:(1988).
671:"Ao Dai"
569:(1988).
512:(1980).
421:Áo bà ba
385:See also
2648:Related
2629:HerRoom
2577:Falsies
2541:Pannier
2516:Chemise
2447:Hosiery
2356:Panties
2276:Bustier
2225:Bandeau
2219:History
2113:Partlet
2083:Hairpin
2020:Pattens
2000:Hessian
1970:Caligae
1960:Buskins
1932:Taranga
1917:Smoking
1907:Salakot
1897:Qeleshe
1892:Pudding
1872:Petasos
1867:Pahlavi
1862:Ochipok
1817:Miner's
1807:Malahai
1802:Llawt'u
1722:Caubeen
1702:Bergère
1692:Aviator
1687:Attifet
1602:Pannier
1550:Chemise
1502:Surtout
1497:Surcoat
1492:Spencer
1455:Pelisse
1450:Pallium
1440:Pañuelo
1375:Doublet
1353:Chlamys
1348:Chamail
1247:Dresses
1152:Braccae
1114:Doublet
1104:Bedgown
1047:Paenula
930:History
907:May 20,
881:May 20,
719:Vietnam
696:Tor.com
432:Culture
373:Today,
314:perfume
297:yếm đào
232:). The
228:váy đụp
209:váy đụp
170:Chinese
163:váy đụp
99:History
75:chữ Nôm
2607:Retail
2591:Brands
2511:Bustle
2501:Basque
2485:Tights
2460:Garter
2407:Corset
2402:Bodice
2346:Girdle
2326:Bikini
2133:Visard
2088:Hatpin
1965:Calcei
1942:Wimple
1927:Tainia
1882:Pileus
1827:Modius
1792:Kausia
1787:Jewish
1777:Hennin
1752:Fillet
1712:Bonnet
1697:Ba tầm
1582:Garter
1577:Dickey
1565:Corset
1540:Bustle
1535:Basque
1512:Visite
1460:Poncho
1425:Nadiri
1415:Kandys
1410:Jerkin
1385:Exomis
1380:Duster
1370:Dolman
1338:Caraco
1328:Capote
1300:Sailor
1280:Mantua
1275:Kirtle
1255:Bliaut
1227:Sompot
1217:Poodle
1212:Hobble
1204:Skirts
1109:Bodice
1099:Basque
1052:Peplos
1022:Chiton
1007:Banyan
1002:Abolla
854:
827:
800:
770:
743:
606:
579:
549:
522:
491:
464:
418:, and
407:Áo dài
377:áo yếm
362:Áo yếm
355:áo yếm
246:sarong
132:Tonkin
116:Tonkin
90:mantle
86:blouse
61:áo yếm
2437:Teddy
2376:Thong
2366:Tanga
2286:Dudou
2206:Types
2093:Jabot
2035:Socci
1912:Snood
1852:Nemes
1767:Futou
1747:Dunce
1480:Kullu
1470:Shawl
1445:Palla
1358:Cloak
1237:Train
1194:]
1172:Harem
1067:Tunic
1057:Stola
1037:Hanfu
1027:Frock
396:Choli
391:Apron
252:lord
238:tucks
173:dudou
2432:Slip
2210:bras
2123:Ruff
2103:Muff
1902:Qing
1732:Coif
1677:Apex
1609:Hose
1270:Gown
1232:Sinh
1129:Sbai
1091:Tops
1062:Toga
909:2019
883:2019
852:ISBN
825:ISBN
798:ISBN
768:ISBN
741:ISBN
704:2017
678:2017
657:2017
635:2017
604:ISBN
577:ISBN
547:ISBN
520:ISBN
489:ISBN
462:ISBN
434:and
310:musk
185:Qing
183:and
181:Ming
2306:Yếm
2208:of
2108:Oes
1822:Mob
1654:Yếm
346:bra
340:As
312:or
301:).
88:or
58:or
55:yếm
33:yếm
20:Yếm
2687::
1192:ca
899:.
874:.
694:.
626:.
413:,
409:,
370:.
348:.
316:.
272:.
213:.
73:,
52:A
2382:)
2378:(
2183:e
2176:t
2169:v
973:e
966:t
959:v
911:.
885:.
860:.
833:.
806:.
776:.
749:.
706:.
680:.
659:.
637:.
612:.
585:.
555:.
528:.
497:.
470:.
352:"
64:(
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
