Yusuf Gowon - Knowledge

705:." Others, mostly people from West Nile, saw Gowon as victim of political conspiracies. Gowon believed that his old rival, Moses Ali, was behind his trial. By then, Ali had risen to minister of internal affairs in Museveni's government and was quite influential. At some point, the minister allegedly visited Luzira Prison just to enjoy seeing Gowon imprisoned; Ali denied all of this, once stating that he "did not even know was arrested" until reading of it in the newspapers. In general, prison life was difficult for Gowon and he lost more than thirty pounds while incarcerated. However, he had few problems with most other prisoners at Luzira and even developed a friendship with one of his former enemies who also served a prison term. However, he had a tense relationship with those prisoners who had formerly served alongside him in the Uganda Army. The hostility between him and his ex-superior Ali Fadhul was so intense that prison authorities had to keep the two separate. The former Chief of Staff maintained his innocence during the entire trial, stating on one occasion that "These people were civilians. They could not have been killed. This is what I know." 709:

be treated leniently by indicting Gowon. When this did not come to pass, the purported witnesses recanted their confessions. As the prosecutors attempted to gather more and firmer evidence for Gowon's guilt, the trial dragged on for almost a year. The trial resulted in tensions among Gowon's family. When well-wishers donated money for his defense, one of his sons absconded with it. The former Chief of Staff then tried to hire an attorney, Caleb Alaka, by promising him a house, but Gowon's wife promptly sued him. She argued that the house in question was rightfully hers. In the end, Alaka still took the case out of respect and pity for the former Chief of Staff. Early in the trial, one person offered Gowon's family and the defense attorney to speak out in favor of the former Chief of Staff in return for a bribe; the family had to refuse, as they were still broke.

717:. In the middle of the trial, defense attorney Caleb Alaka simply disappeared; he later resurfaced in Western Nile, where he had taken a job representing a rebel group which had signed a peace deal with the Ugandan government. Five months later he rejoined Gowon's trial, only to disappear again in February 2003, this time for good. For lack of firm evidence, the judge acquitted Gowon and the two other defendants on 25 September 2003. His release was celebrated by his family and sympathizers, mostly from West Nile, while Laki's family and sympathizers, mostly from southern Uganda, decried it as injustice. Some even spread conspiracy theories according to which the government had installed the judge, a Muslim, because he would support Gowon and his co-defendants. The former Chief of Staff regarded the verdict as vindication of his innocence. 520:. Ali was removed from his posts in April 1978, and almost killed by hitmen when he went into self-imposed exile in his home town in West Nile. He consequently blamed Gowon for these events. Although Gowon had thus risen to one of Amin's closest allies and proven to be competent in politics, he was not qualified as head of the military, and lacked training in basic strategy. In September 1978 Amin, in response to international criticisms of his regime, announced the creation of a human rights committee "charged with the duty of explaining Uganda's position abroad". Gowon was made a member of the body, though subsequent events prevented it from performing any work. 500:

bureau. There, Amin told them that more evidence had surfaced about Gowon's support for the 1974 coup attempt, and had him ordered out of sight. Gowon believed that he was going to be executed. Adrisi fell on his knees and begged the President to reconsider, claiming that the entire affair was engineered by a clique of Nubians. Amin finally relented, and ordered Gowon back into the room. He then got everyone a cup of tea and told Gowon that he was spared. Regardless, the President also threatened that if the general was accused one more time of involvement in the 1974 coup, he would be executed.

671:'s rise to presidency in 1986. Museveni's government focused on national reconstruction, and offered reconciliation to Amin's former followers. Gowon took up this offer in 1994. He returned to Uganda with 25 other ex-officers, hundreds of dependants, and over ten thousand civilian refugees. Museveni personally welcomed Gowon back to Uganda, and the two even laughingly reminisced about the 1972 invasion during which they had fought each other (Museveni had been part of Obote's rebel alliance at the time). Mbarara threw a "huge party" in Gowon's honor. The Ugandan government rented him a house in 451:, Amin's secret police organisation, and some victims of the purges as well as their families believe that Gowon ordered their deaths. Despite this, several residents of Mbarara argued that Gowon actually saved many lives during the mass killings. They later recalled that people had been marked for execution, but been freed on Gowon's orders. When questioned about his involvement in some political murders, the commander later told that "Any commanding officer who defended them ... When you defend, you become a collaborator", meaning one would in turn be marked for death. 504:

rise in the ranks. His political skills did not endear him to his subordinates who held little respect for him. They regarded Gowon as an "uneducated rube", and promoted far above his station. He was even derogatorily nicknamed "the tractor driver" by soldiers due to his past as a farmer. Some officers also disliked Gowon due to his tendency to circumvent them and deal with the lower ranks directly. In contrast, he was popular among the people of his birthplace, Ladonga, because he paid school tuition for local children, and built a primary school and a medical clinic.

535: 330:; he chose Yusuf. To pay for his son's education, he sold some of his cattle to the disapproval of other clan elders who reminded Ibrahim that the West Nile region was too poor to offer any employment for educated men. Sending Yusuf to school was regarded as wasted money. Yusuf wanted to go to school, however, and convinced his father to pay a few years of tuition. In Arua, Yusuf stayed at the house of a family friend, working on the fields and helping in the household to earn his keep. Arua served as center for the British colonial troops, the 288: 257:. Originally a farmer, Gowon quickly rose through the ranks of the military due to a combination of happenstance and his political skills. Compared with other high-ranking officials of Amin's regime, he was regarded as humane; nevertheless, he was probably involved in some political murders. His appointment as chief of staff was mostly owed to the fact that President Amin regarded him as loyal, not ambitious, and no threat to his own rule. Gowon's lack of talent for tactics and strategy came to the fore when the 512:. Gowon was made acting Army Chief of Staff, and promoted to major general on 8 May 1978. He was formally appointed as Lumago's successor in June. By this point, the repeated purges had reduced Amin's inner circle to a small number of officers. Gowon's appointment was mostly owed to the fact that he was regarded as loyal to Amin, and lacked a power base in the military to threaten the President. After becoming chief of staff, one reporter described him as the "second-most powerful man in the country". 463:, Gowon was one of those responsible for redistributing the properties of about 40,000 deported Indian businessmen. This job was not just profitable and made him quite wealthy, but helped him to forge political connections. He proved extremely adapt at politics, and gradually gained a reputation as "ruthless infighter" in the Uganda Army who would manipulate others to get his way. Nevertheless, Gowon almost fell from power after the 570:. Gowon put off this issue until another Ugandan general urged him to finally do something about it. Gowon asked Amin to buy artillery abroad, but the man who was entrusted this task simply pocketed the money. The TPDF invaded on 21 January 1979, and defeated the Uganda Army in a series of battles. Amin consequently dispatched Gowon to the frontlines which was "widely interpreted as a punishment". Eventually, Amin's 158: 603:

that Gowon had betrayed them to the Tanzanians. The soldiers were enraged, and wanted to murder their former Chief of Staff, but Gowon claimed that he intended to muster reinforcements. Using this excuse, he fled to Kampala and from there to Wile Nile on a motorcycle. His troops believed that he had deserted, prompting one of them to comment in an interview with the

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There, Gowon learned how to drive a tractor, and used his new skills to set up his own farm. This endeavor yielded little monetary gains, so Gowon decided to switch to working on a prison farm producing cotton in 1964. He enjoyed the work, and a British overseer taught him to repair the farm's machinery. Gowon later described this time as the happiest of his life.

323:; as a result, Gowon's cheeks were cut with three marks after his birth, signalling him belonging to the Nubians. Though his family was not wealthy, his father was a clan chieftain and owned some farmland. In his youth, Yusuf would help out on his family's farm by looking after its fields, goats and cows. Occasionally, he went hunting with bows and arrows. 360: 334:, and many of Yusuf's classmates adored the military. He was an exception in this regard, and showed no interest in military matters at all. His classmates regarded him as sociable prankster who would entertain others with jokes and songs. Yusuf was known for dressing fashionably, thereby earning the nickname "Goan". This was a reference to the city of 447:

After Obote's invasion had been repelled, Amin ordered a purge of any possible rebel supporters throughout Uganda. One of Gowon's subordinates, Nasur Gille, later testified under disputed circumstances that Gowon ordered and organized the political murders in Mbarara. It is known that the commander had good connections to at least some members of the

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maintain communal peace. The prosecutors, the families of victims, and reporters saw Gowon's trial as the last chance to finally address the injustices of Amin's regime which had killed between 100,000 and 300,000 people, as the majority of the perpetrators were already quite old. Lead prosecutor Simon Byabakama Mugenyi stated that "It's like our

411:. Amin's military dictatorship promptly purged the army of all those who were believed loyal to Obote, including most Acholi and Langi. The vacant leadership positions were then filled with soldiers who were loyal to Amin and usually from the West Nile Province. Gowon returned to Uganda after the coup's conclusion, and was promoted to 550:

looting, and reportedly demoted an Ugandan captain when the latter refused to hand over a stolen tractor to him. After the Uganda Army blew up a bridge across the Kagera river, Gowon believed that he had made a Tanzanian counter-offensive impossible and thereby won the war. This turned out to be a catastrophic miscalculation, as the

419:. Another Ugandan ex-officer later commented that Gowon was not prepared for such a promotion, and was just appointed because he belonged to Amin's own tribal group and religion. With the President as his personal patron, Gowon held great power over the Simba Battalion, probably more than the official commanding officer, Colonel 399:, Uganda's capital, where Amin was training a new elite unit. Obote considered this new unit a potential threat, however, and ordered its disbandment. As result, Gowon was reassigned to the military police, and later to the paratroopers trained by Israeli experts. At some point after 1969, he was among those sent to 274:

rule. The trial generated much publicity and was controversial, as some regarded it as important chance to finally address the crimes of Amin's dictatorship, while others claimed that it was politically motivated. Gowon denied involvement in Laki's murder, and was acquitted due to lack of evidence in 2003.

392:). In order to secure the power over the Uganda Army, both launched extensive recruitment drives to enlist as many members of their own respective tribal groups as possible. As a result, military service offered great social and financial rewards which appealed to Gowon despite his disinterest in warfare. 708:

Gowon's former subordinates had confessed before the trial that they had murdered Laki on Gowon's direct order, but the reliability of their confessions was questioned during the trial. They had told the police about Gowon's order because they had already been arrested on charges of murder, hoping to

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at the time, Gowon and other officers unsuccessfully urged Amin to step down as President after the Battle of Lukaya. Soon after, a Libyan officer visited Gowon's headquarters, and relayed that Amin had fired him. The Libyan then mounted a tank and addressed the Ugandan soldiers present, telling them

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of Uganda from Tanzania. As Colonel Fadhul went missing amid the attack's early stages, Gowon was left in command of the Simba Battalion, and organized a counter-attack against a rebel column of 350 fighters. This counter-attack completely overwhelmed the rebels, most of whom were killed or captured.

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After Amin's fall from power, rival tribes exacted revenge from the West Nile peoples who had prospered under his dictatorship. Gowon's wider family and associates were among those negatively affected. Militants came to Ladonga, where they destroyed Gowon's mansion, the clinic, and the school, while

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Gowon was known for his large collection of cars which he lost amid the collapse of Amin's regime. By 2001, he no longer possessed any motor vehicles. While in exile, Idi Amin made fun of this, laughingly commenting "I hear Gowon, a whole major general, walks from his house in Ntinda to town and has

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The former Chief of Staff also founded "Good Hope" and "Alternatives to Violence", nonprofit organizations to help ex-combatants to find civilian jobs. The Ugandan government promised Gowon funds to set up companies in which the ex-rebels could be employed, but the money never materialised. Over the

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The West Nile Province was a poor region, and offered few occupation opportunities for young men. As a result, most of Gowon's friends joined the King's African Rifles when they finished primary school. In contrast, he opted to attend the junior high school, and subsequently an agricultural college.

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offered him to return to his home country in 1994, he accepted and founded a nonprofit organization to help ex-combatants find civilian jobs. He also became head of a veterans association. In 2001, Gowon was arrested and tried for the suspected involvement in the murder of Eliphaz Laki during Amin's

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Gowon lived in retirement until 2001, when he was arrested by the Ugandan police for the murder of county chief Eliphaz Laki. According to the testimony of two former subordinates of Gowon, Laki had been murdered on his orders during the purges following the 1972 invasion. The former Chief of Staff

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When Gowon arrived in Arua, West Nile, he initially laid low and planned his possible exile. However, he eventually chanced upon a detachment of Ugandan soldiers who knew him. These troopers arrested him as traitor, and confiscated his wealth. By chance, Gowon's old ally Mustafa Adrisi visited Arua

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Despite this incident, Gowon remained one of Amin's most trusted followers. The general would spy for the President on other officers, while trying to remove his own rivals. His military rivals referred to him as "snake" as a commentary on his apparent deft political abilities which facilitated his

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for medical treatment of a stomach ailment. In this way, he avoided the worst purges, and upon returning was even promoted to commander of a unit in eastern Uganda. Over the following years, Gowon rose to lieutenant colonel, colonel, and brigadier general. By 1976, he commanded the Eastern Brigade.

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broke out in 1978, and his leadership of the Uganda Army during this conflict was extensively criticised. Many of his comrades and subordinates even blamed him for Uganda's defeat in the conflict with Tanzania. When Amin's regime began collapsing in 1979 and his own soldiers intended to murder him,

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in the 1880s. Regarded as martial people, they were consequently recruited into British colonial units; as a result, West Nile people who wanted to join the military often claimed to be Nubians. This led to the paradoxical situation that the Nubians were both "detribalised" yet had also a distinct

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Following his release, Gowon resumed his work in the veterans association, and consequently advocated for a greater unity among ex-combatants of West Nile origin. However, he struggled to pay the legal bills of the trial. By 2005, he was spending most of his time at Arua where he still possessed a

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Though Laki's son had managed to gather evidence which suggested that Gowon was guilty, it was regarded as inadmissible by the judge. The defense attempted to discredit other evidence which had been found by a private investigator who died while the trial was still ongoing, arguing that the latter

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joined their troops on the front line at Lukaya. For unknown reasons, the positions the two men took were frequently subject to sudden, intense rocket fire. Ugandan junior officers tried to convince their men that the Tanzanians were probably aware of the generals' presence and were targeting them

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Around 1976, Gowon was again accused of treason as result of political conspiracies among Amin's inner circles. A rival alleged that he was in contact with anti-Amin rebels in Tanzania. He was arrested by the State Research Bureau, and, alongside his protector Adrisi, brought into the President's

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and put on trial. Gowon faced the death sentence if convicted of the murder. His trial generated much publicity in Uganda, as most crimes during Amin's regime remained unresolved due to lack of evidence and lack of interest in prosecuting them on the side of the Ugandan government which wants to

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in particular accused Gowon of gross incompetence, recalling an occasion when he showed the Chief of Staff a map with possible Tanzanian invasion routes. Gowon was allegedly unimpressed, and replied "What's wrong with you? You are always thinking of maps. Do you fight with maps?" Another officer

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Despite his inexperience, Gowon won some respect as second-in-command of the Simba Battalion, and was regarded as more polite and humane than other military officers who abused their power. While he was stationed at Mbarara, the Simba Battalion carried out numerous massacres of Acholi and Langi;

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on 30 October 1978. Gowon was put in charge of about 3,000 soldiers to carry out the operation which initially went well. The Tanzanian border guards were overwhelmed and the Kagera salient occupied, whereupon the Ugandan troops launched a spree of plundering, rape, and murder. Gowon joined the

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stated that the Chief of Staff lied to the President about the military situation, and ignored messages by frontline commanders. Other unidentified officers alleged that Gowon and other Ugandan high-ranking commanders focused more on "their petty feuds" than on the war.

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Gowon left the prisons service in 1968, and enlisted in the military. This decision partially stemmed from the changed political situation in Uganda. The country had become independent in 1962, and the Ugandan King's African Rifles units had been transformed into the

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next years, his stipend was paid ever less regularly, and Gowon was no longer able to pay his rent. He was evicted from his Ntinda residence, and had to relocate to live in a bicycle shop run by one of his sons. Broke and without a job, he spent most his time in the

467:, a coup attempt against Amin in 1974. An unidentified person told the President that Gowon was secretly a Christian which was enough to warrant suspicions about him being a supporter of the coup attempt. He was placed under house arrest, but Army Chief of Staff 750:

Academic Andrew Rice described Gowon as a "simple man" who was "cheerful by disposition", and easily made friends. This view was shared by journalist Clement Aluma. He had 28 children by four different wives, and 22 grandchildren. Gowon was fluent in

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or Sudan, but chose the former because most Amin loyalists – who intended to kill him – were fleeing to Sudan. Gowon initially found refuge with Catholic missionaries. Meanwhile, Amin's regime collapsed as the Tanzanians and their

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In early 1978, Adrisi was almost killed in a car accident that was suspected by some to be an assassination attempt. Amin consequently purged several of Adrisi's followers from the government, including Uganda Army Chief of Staff

558:, routing the Ugandans. Thereafter, Tanzania began preparing a counter-invasion of Uganda, but Gowon and other high-ranking commanders ignored warnings by subordinate officers about an impending Tanzanian offensive. Colonel 618:

shortly after his arrest, and ordered his release. Adrisi told Gowon that he should flee Uganda as soon as possible, and the former Chief of Staff followed this recommendation. He was unsure whether to go into exile in

659:. By befriending a Zairean customs officer, he had transported some trucks out of Uganda and would subsequently rent them out. He was also involved in smuggling, and eventually made enough money to buy a house in 515:

As chief of staff, Gowon was tasked by Amin to carry out another purge in the Uganda Army's upper ranks. He disempowered the heads of two intelligence services, and also moved against his long-time rival General

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Gowon died of heart failure at a hospital in Arua on 2 February 2024, at the age of 85. He was buried the following day in the Arua Muslim Cemetery. After his death, he was praised by President Museveni and

376:. At the same time, politicians began to conspire and struggle for power, backed by the country's numerous tribal groups. By the late 1960s, the main opposing factions were led by Army chief of staff 640:

among the Ugandan exiles and thus excluded from plans by Amin loyalists to launch a rebellion to regain power. Gowon was actually pleased about this, as he had no interest in resuming fighting.

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allowed the Ugandan exiles, including Gowon, to stay in his country. As many believed that Gowon had actually been bribed by the Tanzanians and lost the war on purpose, he became a

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In late 1978, tensions between Uganda and Tanzania culminated in open warfare. The exact circumstances of the conflict's outbreak remain unclear, but President Amin ordered an

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on 10 March 1979. The battle turned against the Ugandans on 11 March, as the TPDF launched a successful counter-attack. In an attempt to strengthen morale, Gowon and General

1887: 1600: 342:, as the region's best tailors were Indians. Having taken a great liking for the nickname, he eventually adopted it with slight changes as his official last name. 609:

magazine that "Our recent chief of staff, Major General Gowon, has disappeared. Only hell knows where he is." He was succeeded as Chief of Staff by Ali Fadhul.

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Rice initially stated that Gowon was accused in the involvement of a 1973 coup attempt, but corrected the date to 1974 in his later account of the events.

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Gowon admitted that there had been an incident about a tractor, though claimed that he commandeered it because the captain did not know how to drive it.

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as a businessman. Unlike many of his former comrades, Gowon did not join any insurgent group during his exile. When the new Ugandan government of

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with precise bombardments. The Ugandan troops nonetheless felt that Maliyamungu and Gowon were harbingers of misfortune and nicknamed them

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Gowon's reputation improved due to his role in defeating Obote's invasion, and he consequently rose in the ranks. When Amin ordered the

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One of the greatest problems for the Uganda Army was its lack of artillery, while the Tanzanians had ample access to

763:. In his later years, Gowon often entertained visitors at his home to tell them of his experiences in the military. 442:

Gowon later claimed that he knew nothing of any mass murders. On 17 September 1972, rebels loyal to Obote launched

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Ibrahim could only afford to send one of his children to an Islamic primary school in the provincial capital of

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intervened by sending an expeditionary force, whereupon a combined Ugandan-Libyan counter-offensive was

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lawsuit against several banks that had frozen assets of Amin-era officials worth 50 million dollars.

481:"Amin, I must leave my work. I may die like Gowon is going to die. These Nubians are deceiving you." 304: 292: 102: 308: 296: 2591: 546: 225: 215: 2525:"The Uganda–Tanzania War, the fall of Idi Amin, and the failure of African diplomacy, 1978–1979" 735: 2638: 2628: 2614: 2595: 2570: 2551: 2532: 2509: 2410: 2367: 2348: 2327: 2304: 636: 583: 559: 249:; 1936 – 2 February 2024) was a Ugandan military officer who served as chief of staff for the 595:, realised the generals were not having a positive effect and asked them to leave the front. 796: 756: 752: 702: 664: 631: 579: 320: 220: 2611:

Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum

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identity intimately linked to the West Nile region, to Islam, and to military service.

643: 555: 487: 468: 464: 630:, prompting most Uganda Army loyalists to flee into Sudan and Zaire. Zairean dictator 2656: 804: 385: 192: 727: 509: 412: 389: 381: 316: 64: 428:"Some men will themselves to power. Gowon, it seemed, had just happened into it." 2632: 2585: 2564: 2524: 2404: 2342: 2298: 1530: 1462: 855:

killing several locals. The community subsequently became marginalized and poor.

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disputed any knowledge of or involvement in Laki's death, but was placed in the

687:. At some point, Gowon became the leader of a Uganda Army veterans association. 592: 2364:

Inside West Nile. Violence, History & Representation on an African Frontier

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were "an extremely fluid category". They are often portrayed as descendants of

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Instead, Gowon focused on building a new life in Zaire, taking up residency in

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The Teeth May Smile But the Heart Does Not Forget: Murder and Memory in Uganda

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Beyond Idi Amin: Causes and Drivers of Political Violence in Uganda, 1971-1979

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Politics and Violence in Eastern Africa: The Struggles of Emerging States

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According to an unidentified "high Ugandan official" who was in exile in

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and appointed second-in-command of the Simba Battalion, stationed at

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Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979

987:"Museveni pays tribute to late ex-Army Chief of Staff Yusuf Gowon" 760: 663:

where he was joined by two of his wives. At the same time, Uganda

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Upon his arrest, the Ugandan government cut off Gowon's stipend.

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and installed himself as President, though Obote found refuge in

1691:"Uganda annexes Tanzanian territory after Kagera Bridge victory" 327: 121: 433:—Researcher Andrew Rice about Gowon's rise in the ranks of the 116: 713:

had died of a mental disorder although he had in fact died of

335: 133: 1888:"The pain Idi Amin's friend suffered for 20 years in exile" 1463:"Ministerial Appointment and Military Promotions in Uganda" 403:

for a course in commando tactics. In 1971, Amin launched a

1531:"Uganda : Mutiny a minor manifestation of discontent" 1373: 1371: 1369: 591:, or "bad omen". The leading Ugandan commander at Lukaya, 303:

Gowon was born as Yusuf Mogi in Ladonga, a village in the

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intervened on his behalf, allowing Gowon to be flown to

2527:. In Anderson, David M.; Rolandsen, Øystein H. (eds.). 1494:"Maj. Gen. 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Vol. 5, no. 41. 1978. p. 55. 817:Gille claimed that his testimony was coerced. 8: 2303:. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House. 2279: 1517: 1467:Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa 1601:"Amin played Moses Ali against Yusuf Gowon" 2493:Institute of Current World Affairs Letters 2473:Institute of Current World Affairs Letters 2453:Institute of Current World Affairs Letters 2433:Institute of Current World Affairs Letters 651:(pictured) following his return to Uganda. 18: 2508:. New York City: Henry Holt and Company. 2409:(2nd ed.). London: Red Globe Press. 2320:Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994 2318:Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2015). 1749: 1747: 1738: 1594: 1592: 935: 933: 889: 2232:"Former Amin soldier Maj Gen Gowon dies" 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2531:. London: Routledge. pp. 154–171. 1641: 1034: 882: 772: 319:, but converted to Islam and adopted a 311:in 1936. His father Ibrahim was born a 16:Ugandan Army chief of staff (died 2024) 1807: 1449: 1407: 1022: 980: 978: 976: 901: 2637:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2300:War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin 2297:Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983). 2267: 2255: 2174: 2162: 2150: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2030: 2018: 2006: 1994: 1938: 1919: 1844: 1780: 1676: 1653: 1583: 1554: 1479: 1437: 1422: 1392: 1360: 1331: 1285: 1266: 1245: 1230: 1215: 1198: 1186: 1171: 1148: 1136: 1085: 967: 924: 7: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2042: 1953: 1873: 1856: 1819: 1795: 1726: 1714: 1629: 1566: 1377: 1348: 1319: 1304: 1124: 1109: 1097: 1068: 1051: 1010: 738:, Resident District Commissioner of 363:Gowon rose to power under President 613:Exile in Zaire and return to Uganda 2230:Aluma, Clement (5 February 2024). 940:Lematia, Henry (3 February 2024). 677:1996 Ugandan presidential election 14: 2444:Rice, Andrew (1 September 2003). 1886:Magembe, Muwonge (7 March 2016). 1599:Carol Natukunda (24 April 2013). 985:Adiga, Robert (3 February 2024). 547:invasion of northwestern Tanzania 355:Early career and invasion of 1972 2678:People from West Nile sub-region 2613:. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. 2326:: Helion & Company Limited. 1969:Amandu, Rimiliah (11 May 2018). 1689:Faustin Mugabe (17 April 2016). 554:(TPDF) counter-attacked using a 156: 2424:Rice, Andrew (20 August 2003). 552:Tanzania People's Defence Force 461:expulsion of Asians from Uganda 44:June 1978 – March 1979 2569:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 698:Luzira Maximum Security Prison 265:Gowon subsequently settled in 1: 2484:Rice, Andrew (1 April 2004). 2464:Rice, Andrew (1 March 2004). 2381:Lowman, Thomas James (2020). 904:, The Collapse of a Dictator. 755:, and he understood a little 1754:John Daimon (6 April 1979). 647:Gowon became a supporter of 2609:Seftel, Adam, ed. (2010) . 2563:Omara-Otunnu, Amii (1987). 2546:Rwehururu, Bernard (2002). 253:during the dictatorship of 2714: 2673:Ugandan military personnel 1535:To the Point International 527: 33:Uganda Army Chief of Staff 2406:Africa since Independence 568:Katyusha rocket launchers 236: 82: 37: 28: 2523:Roberts, George (2017). 2390:(PhD). Durham University 2366:. Oxford: James Currey. 2280:Avirgan & Honey 1983 726:house, and had joined a 665:descended into civil war 2584:Otunnu, Ogenga (2016). 2341:Decalo, Samuel (2019). 805:Mahdist Sudanese forces 580:launched against Lukaya 206:1972 invasion of Uganda 2403:Nugent, Paul (2012) . 2362:Leopold, Mark (2005). 944:. Uganda Radio Network 652: 542: 490:begging for President 483: 430: 384:(mainly backed by the 368: 300: 291:Gowon hailed from the 107:Protectorate of Uganda 2504:Rice, Andrew (2009). 646: 537: 528:Further information: 494:to spare Gowon's life 449:State Research Bureau 362: 332:King's African Rifles 290: 181:Years of service 2550:. Kampala: Monitor. 2045:, pp. 135, 322. 721:Later life and death 625:Ugandan rebel allies 138:"The tractor driver" 2213:, pp. 285–286. 2201:, pp. 283–285. 1997:, pp. 1–3, 14. 1822:, pp. 206–207. 1632:, pp. 198–199. 1482:, pp. 3–4, 11. 1380:, pp. 197–198. 1112:, pp. 160–161. 1100:, pp. 159–160. 540:Uganda–Tanzania War 530:Uganda–Tanzania War 309:Uganda Protectorate 297:Uganda Protectorate 262:Gowon fled Uganda. 259:Uganda–Tanzania War 211:Uganda–Tanzania War 2629:Smith, George Ivan 2592:Palgrave Macmillan 1760:The New York Times 667:which resulted in 653: 543: 369: 313:Catholic Christian 305:West Nile Province 301: 293:West Nile Province 226:Operation Dada Idi 216:Invasion of Kagera 103:West Nile Province 2634:Ghosts of Kampala 2620:978-9970-02-036-2 2601:978-3-319-33155-3 2576:978-1-349-18738-6 2538:978-1-317-53952-0 2515:978-0-8050-7965-4 2416:978-0-230-27288-0 2333:978-1-910294-55-0 2310:978-9976-1-0056-3 2153:, pp. 11–12. 2009:, pp. 2, 14. 1922:, pp. 13–14. 1656:, pp. 11–12. 1611:on 13 August 2016 1518:Omara-Otunnu 1987 1425:, pp. 4, 11. 1395:, pp. 10–11. 797:Nubians of Uganda 637:persona non grata 584:Isaac Maliyamungu 560:Bernard Rwehururu 455:Rise in the ranks 240: 239: 2705: 2698:Ugandan refugees 2648: 2624: 2605: 2580: 2559: 2548:Cross to the Gun 2542: 2519: 2500: 2490: 2480: 2470: 2460: 2450: 2440: 2430: 2420: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2377: 2358: 2337: 2314: 2283: 2277: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2227: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1957: 1951: 1942: 1936: 1923: 1917: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1894:. Archived from 1883: 1877: 1871: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1751: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1686: 1680: 1674: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1607:. Archived from 1596: 1587: 1581: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1539: 1538: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1426: 1420: 1411: 1405: 1396: 1390: 1381: 1375: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1335: 1334:, pp. 9–10. 1329: 1323: 1317: 1308: 1302: 1289: 1283: 1270: 1264: 1249: 1243: 1234: 1228: 1219: 1213: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1175: 1169: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1072: 1066: 1055: 1049: 1038: 1032: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1008: 1002: 1001: 999: 997: 982: 971: 965: 954: 953: 951: 949: 937: 928: 922: 905: 899: 893: 887: 865: 862: 856: 852: 846: 842: 836: 833: 827: 824: 818: 815: 809: 793: 787: 777: 632:Mobutu Sese Seko 628:occupied Kampala 495: 437: 350:Military service 221:Battle of Lukaya 162: 160: 159: 147:Military service 118: 87:Personal details 73: 61: 42: 19: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2693:Ugandan Muslims 2653: 2652: 2651: 2645: 2627: 2621: 2608: 2602: 2583: 2577: 2562: 2545: 2539: 2522: 2516: 2503: 2488: 2483: 2468: 2463: 2448: 2443: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2402: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2361: 2355: 2340: 2334: 2317: 2311: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2274: 2266: 2262: 2258:, pp. 1–2. 2254: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2229: 2228: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2169: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2117:, pp. 8–9. 2113: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2065: 2061: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2033:, pp. 4–6. 2029: 2025: 2021:, pp. 4–6. 2017: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1952: 1945: 1937: 1926: 1918: 1911: 1901: 1899: 1898:on 8 March 2016 1885: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1826: 1818: 1814: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1787: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1753: 1752: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1725: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1598: 1597: 1590: 1582: 1573: 1565: 1561: 1553: 1542: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1478: 1474: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1436: 1429: 1421: 1414: 1406: 1399: 1391: 1384: 1376: 1367: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1311: 1303: 1292: 1284: 1273: 1265: 1252: 1244: 1237: 1229: 1222: 1214: 1205: 1201:, pp. 8–9. 1197: 1193: 1185: 1178: 1170: 1155: 1151:, pp. 7–8. 1147: 1143: 1139:, pp. 6–7. 1135: 1131: 1123: 1116: 1108: 1104: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1075: 1067: 1058: 1050: 1041: 1033: 1029: 1021: 1017: 1009: 1005: 995: 993: 984: 983: 974: 966: 957: 947: 945: 939: 938: 931: 923: 908: 900: 896: 888: 884: 879: 874: 869: 868: 863: 859: 853: 849: 843: 839: 834: 830: 825: 821: 816: 812: 794: 790: 778: 774: 769: 748: 723: 703:Nuremberg Trial 693: 669:Yoweri Museveni 649:Yoweri Museveni 615: 576:Muammar Gaddafi 532: 526: 497: 485: 457: 439: 432: 357: 352: 321:Nubian identity 307:of the British 285: 280: 271:Yoweri Museveni 232: 157: 155: 141: 139: 137: 120: 117:2 February 2024 100: 98: 97: 71: 59: 43: 38: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2711: 2709: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2683:Ugandan exiles 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2644:978-0060140274 2643: 2625: 2619: 2606: 2600: 2581: 2575: 2560: 2543: 2537: 2520: 2514: 2501: 2481: 2461: 2441: 2421: 2415: 2400: 2378: 2372: 2359: 2353: 2338: 2332: 2315: 2309: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2189:, p. 284. 2179: 2167: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2107: 2095: 2083: 2071: 2059: 2047: 2035: 2023: 2011: 1999: 1987: 1958: 1956:, p. 138. 1943: 1924: 1909: 1878: 1876:, p. 136. 1861: 1859:, p. 207. 1849: 1824: 1812: 1810:, p. 231. 1800: 1798:, p. 205. 1785: 1773: 1743: 1741:, p. 125. 1739:Rwehururu 2002 1731: 1729:, p. 204. 1719: 1717:, p. 203. 1707: 1681: 1658: 1646: 1644:, p. 156. 1634: 1622: 1588: 1571: 1569:, p. 199. 1559: 1540: 1522: 1520:, p. 140. 1510: 1484: 1472: 1454: 1452:, p. 313. 1442: 1427: 1412: 1410:, p. 176. 1397: 1382: 1365: 1363:, p. 131. 1353: 1351:, p. 197. 1336: 1324: 1322:, p. 195. 1309: 1307:, p. 198. 1290: 1271: 1250: 1235: 1220: 1203: 1191: 1176: 1153: 1141: 1129: 1127:, p. 162. 1114: 1102: 1090: 1073: 1071:, p. 159. 1056: 1054:, p. 153. 1039: 1027: 1025:, p. 233. 1015: 1013:, p. 152. 1003: 972: 955: 929: 906: 894: 890:Rwehururu 2002 881: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 867: 866: 857: 847: 837: 828: 819: 810: 788: 779:also known as 771: 770: 768: 765: 747: 744: 722: 719: 692: 689: 614: 611: 556:pontoon bridge 525: 522: 488:Mustafa Adrisi 478: 469:Mustafa Adrisi 465:Arube uprising 456: 453: 425: 356: 353: 351: 348: 315:and an ethnic 299:'s northwest. 284: 281: 279: 276: 238: 237: 234: 233: 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 218: 208: 202: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 171: 170:Branch/service 167: 166: 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 130: 126: 125: 119:(aged 85) 114: 110: 109: 95: 93: 89: 88: 84: 83: 80: 79: 74: 68: 67: 62: 56: 55: 50: 46: 45: 35: 34: 30: 29: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2710: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2646: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2582: 2578: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2487: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2426:"The General" 2422: 2418: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2401: 2386: 2385: 2379: 2375: 2373:0-85255-941-0 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2354:9781000308501 2350: 2347:. Routledge. 2346: 2345: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2282:, p. 50. 2281: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2249: 2237: 2236:Daily Monitor 2233: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2177:, p. 16. 2176: 2171: 2168: 2165:, p. 13. 2164: 2159: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2141:, p. 12. 2140: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2105:, p. 11. 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2072: 2069:, p. 14. 2068: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1988: 1976: 1975:West Nile Web 1972: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1879: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1847:, p. 13. 1846: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1696: 1695:Daily Monitor 1692: 1685: 1682: 1679:, p. 12. 1678: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1623: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1560: 1557:, p. 11. 1556: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1511: 1499: 1498:Daily Monitor 1495: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1473: 1469:. 8 May 1978. 1468: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1269:, p. 14. 1268: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1248:, p. 13. 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1174:, p. 10. 1173: 1168: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1037:, p. 60. 1036: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1004: 992: 988: 981: 979: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 960: 956: 943: 936: 934: 930: 926: 921: 919: 917: 915: 913: 911: 907: 903: 898: 895: 892:, p. 96. 891: 886: 883: 876: 871: 861: 858: 851: 848: 841: 838: 832: 829: 823: 820: 814: 811: 806: 802: 798: 792: 789: 786: 782: 776: 773: 766: 764: 762: 758: 754: 746:Personal life 745: 743: 741: 737: 731: 729: 720: 718: 716: 710: 706: 704: 699: 690: 688: 686: 685:Slow Boat Pub 680: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 650: 645: 641: 639: 638: 633: 629: 626: 621: 612: 610: 608: 607: 601: 596: 594: 590: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 561: 557: 553: 548: 541: 536: 531: 523: 521: 519: 513: 511: 505: 501: 496: 493: 489: 482: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 454: 452: 450: 445: 438: 436: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 366: 361: 354: 349: 347: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 298: 294: 289: 282: 277: 275: 272: 268: 263: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 235: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 201: 197: 194: 193:Major General 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 172: 168: 165: 154: 150: 145: 135: 131: 127: 123: 115: 111: 108: 104: 94: 90: 85: 81: 78: 75: 69: 66: 63: 57: 54: 51: 47: 41: 36: 31: 27: 20: 2633: 2610: 2586: 2565: 2547: 2528: 2505: 2496: 2492: 2476: 2472: 2456: 2452: 2436: 2432: 2405: 2392:. 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Retrieved 927:, p. 3. 897: 885: 860: 850: 840: 831: 822: 813: 791: 784: 780: 775: 749: 732: 728:class action 724: 711: 707: 694: 684: 681: 654: 635: 616: 604: 597: 588: 565: 544: 514: 510:Isaac Lumago 506: 502: 498: 484: 480: 458: 440: 431: 427: 394: 382:Milton Obote 370: 344: 325: 302: 264: 246: 242: 241: 199:Battles/wars 72:Succeeded by 65:Isaac Lumago 39: 2668:2024 deaths 2663:1936 births 2590:. Chicago: 2486:"The Trial" 2466:"The Trial" 2290:Works cited 2241:10 February 1808:Seftel 2010 1766:21 December 1762:. p. 9 1450:Otunnu 2016 1408:Lowman 2020 1023:Nugent 2012 996:10 February 948:10 February 902:Decalo 2019 781:Yusuf Gowan 759:. He was a 740:Madi-Okollo 593:Godwin Sule 538:Map of the 444:an invasion 435:Uganda Army 405:coup d'état 374:Uganda Army 367:(pictured). 251:Uganda Army 243:Yusuf Gowon 174:Uganda Army 129:Nickname(s) 60:Preceded by 23:Yusuf Gowon 2657:Categories 2268:Rice 2004a 2256:Rice 2003a 2175:Rice 2004b 2163:Rice 2004b 2151:Rice 2004b 2139:Rice 2004b 2127:Rice 2004b 2115:Rice 2004b 2103:Rice 2004a 2091:Rice 2004a 2079:Rice 2004a 2067:Rice 2003a 2055:Rice 2004a 2031:Rice 2004b 2019:Rice 2004a 2007:Rice 2003a 1995:Rice 2003a 1939:Rice 2004b 1920:Rice 2003a 1892:New Vision 1845:Rice 2003a 1781:Rice 2003a 1677:Rice 2003a 1654:Rice 2003a 1605:New Vision 1584:Rice 2003a 1555:Rice 2003a 1480:Rice 2003a 1438:Rice 2003b 1423:Rice 2003a 1393:Rice 2003a 1361:Smith 1980 1332:Rice 2003a 1286:Rice 2003a 1267:Rice 2004b 1246:Rice 2004a 1231:Rice 2004a 1216:Rice 2003a 1199:Rice 2003a 1187:Rice 2003a 1172:Rice 2003a 1149:Rice 2003a 1137:Rice 2003a 1086:Rice 2003a 991:New Vision 968:Rice 2003a 925:Rice 2003a 872:References 801:Emin Pasha 785:Yufu Gowon 736:Swaib Toko 421:Ali Fadhul 283:Early life 247:Yusuf Mogi 152:Allegiance 140:"bad omen" 96:Yusuf Mogi 77:Ali Fadhul 2211:Rice 2009 2199:Rice 2009 2187:Rice 2009 2043:Rice 2009 1954:Rice 2009 1874:Rice 2009 1857:Rice 2009 1820:Rice 2009 1796:Rice 2009 1727:Rice 2009 1715:Rice 2009 1630:Rice 2009 1567:Rice 2009 1378:Rice 2009 1349:Rice 2009 1320:Rice 2009 1305:Rice 2009 1125:Rice 2009 1110:Rice 2009 1098:Rice 2009 1069:Rice 2009 1052:Rice 2009 1011:Rice 2009 877:Citations 845:no car." 657:Kisangani 518:Moses Ali 278:Biography 184:1968–1979 101:Ladonga, 49:President 40:In office 2631:(1980). 2556:50243051 2324:Solihull 715:HIV/AIDS 589:bisirani 492:Idi Amin 409:Tanzania 378:Idi Amin 365:Idi Amin 255:Idi Amin 124:, Uganda 53:Idi Amin 757:English 753:Swahili 600:Nairobi 417:Mbarara 397:Kampala 295:in the 142:"Snake" 2641: 2617: 2598: 2573: 2554: 2535: 2512: 2446:"Thin" 2413: 2394:6 July 2370: 2351: 2330: 2307: 1980:7 June 1902:7 June 1700:7 June 1615:8 June 1503:7 June 761:Muslim 673:Ntinda 572:Libyan 401:Greece 386:Acholi 245:(born 164:Uganda 161: 2499:(19). 2489:(PDF) 2479:(18). 2469:(PDF) 2459:(13). 2449:(PDF) 2439:(12). 2429:(PDF) 2388:(PDF) 767:Notes 691:Trial 661:Bunia 620:Zaire 574:ally 473:Libya 413:major 390:Langi 340:India 317:Kakwa 267:Zaire 2639:ISBN 2615:ISBN 2596:ISBN 2571:ISBN 2552:OCLC 2533:ISBN 2510:ISBN 2411:ISBN 2396:2020 2368:ISBN 2349:ISBN 2328:ISBN 2305:ISBN 2243:2024 1982:2019 1904:2019 1768:2019 1702:2019 1617:2019 1505:2019 998:2024 950:2024 795:The 783:and 606:Drum 388:and 328:Arua 189:Rank 176:(UA) 134:Goan 122:Arua 113:Died 99:1936 92:Born 338:in 336:Goa 2659:: 2594:. 2497:AR 2495:. 2491:. 2477:AR 2475:. 2471:. 2457:AR 2455:. 2451:. 2437:AR 2435:. 2431:. 2322:. 2234:. 2218:^ 1973:. 1961:^ 1946:^ 1927:^ 1912:^ 1890:. 1864:^ 1827:^ 1788:^ 1758:. 1746:^ 1693:. 1661:^ 1603:. 1591:^ 1574:^ 1543:^ 1533:. 1496:. 1465:. 1430:^ 1415:^ 1400:^ 1385:^ 1368:^ 1339:^ 1312:^ 1293:^ 1274:^ 1253:^ 1238:^ 1223:^ 1206:^ 1179:^ 1156:^ 1117:^ 1076:^ 1059:^ 1042:^ 989:. 975:^ 958:^ 932:^ 909:^ 742:. 679:. 423:. 105:, 2647:. 2623:. 2604:. 2579:. 2558:. 2541:. 2518:. 2419:. 2398:. 2376:. 2357:. 2336:. 2313:. 2245:. 1984:. 1906:. 1770:. 1704:. 1619:. 1507:. 1000:. 952:. 486:— 136:" 132:"

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