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his political opponents, and thus sought to reduce its influence in the country by deprecating the standing of the TPDF, which remained after the elimination of Amin's forces to provide order. He encouraged
Ugandan publications to criticise the Tanzanian army, angering some Ugandan circles and the UNLA which thought it was unfair to attack the army which had "liberated" the country. On 8 June disgruntled members of the NCC convened in Kampala and passed a resolution demanding Lule present all of his political appointments to the committee for review. Lule did not respond, so on 12 June the NCC reconvened and declared that he had seven days to comply with their demands. The President once again failed to reply, so on the afternoon of 19 June the NCC met at the Entebbe State House in Lule's presence. NCC Chairman
351:
upon
Buganda's government, frequently delivering public statements in Luganda, appointing prominent Baganda monarchists to high office, and granting some state contracts to Baganda businessmen. In redistributing properties and enterprises seized from Amin's associates, Lule's government allocated a disproportionate amount to Baganda and his close associates. Members of other ethnic groups in Uganda did not trust Lule or accord him much respect, since they felt he would promote Buganda at other regions' expense. Some Ugandans feared that his army plan would lead to the creation of a force dominated by Baganda, since Buganda had a larger population than any other region in the country. His critics denounced him as a "monarchist" and a "feudalist".
328:. Lule disregarded the Moshi Conference agreements stipulating a weak presidential authority and attempted to assert his ability to operate under stronger powers provided by the constitution operative in Uganda before Amin's coup. Within days of assuming office Lule and his advisers began taking major decisions without consulting the NCC. He also snubbed the committee members by first missing their formal inauguration and, when the ceremony was rescheduled so he could be present, he gave a speech and departed before swearing them in, much to their displeasure. Lule then appointed ministers and deputy ministers to his cabinet without the NCC's approval. The members of the cabinet joined the NCC
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283:(UNLF), which was to be governed by a 30-strong National Consultative Committee (NCC) and an 11-strong National Executive Committee, the latter including three special commissions—Finance and Administration, Political and Diplomatic Affairs, and Military Affairs. The next two days were spent debating the balance of power among the governing bodies and the selection of a chairman for the organisation, which was hotly contested between Lule and
312:, Tanzanian officials decided to delay it there until they could ensure better security for a ceremony in Kampala. The next day Lule and his ministers reached Entebbe and were brought into Kampala in a TPDF motorcade in the late afternoon. Lule was then sworn in as President of Uganda in front of the Parliament building and gave a brief speech pledging to bring a return of law and order. Lule concluded by saying in
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31:
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propel him to the helm of their organisation and displace them, and thus they blocked his return to Uganda. Despite concerns of fraud and irregularities, the UPC was declared the ultimate winner of the elections and Obote became the
President of Uganda. Fearful of Obote's grip on power, Lule along with others like Bernard Kibuuka Musoke founded and became head of a rebel group, the
334:, and he ultimately appointed 24 ministers and 20 deputies, which then outnumbered the original councilors. Despite complaints from the NCC, Lule carried on making appointments and revising the structure of his cabinet. He also declared a reorganization of Ugandan's administration, dividing the country into four regions each subject to the authority of a regional commissioner.
435:(NRM). Lule became chairman of the NRM, while Museveni became its vice-chairman and chairman of the High Command of the National Resistance Army, the group's armed wing. The merger greatly strengthened the support of the anti-Obote rebels in Buganda. Lule became a leading critic of Obote and authored a book,
369:
retorted that the communications in question had been personally given to the
President's secretary. Shortly after the exchange councilor Paulo Wangoola rose and delivered a long speech. He declared that Lule was not willing to accept the supremacy of UNLF governance and concluded by formally tabling a
381:, the former Attorney General of Uganda under Obote who had come to oppose both him and Amin and had no prior role in the committee, was then elected president. Binaisa retained some of Lule's ministers but removed his key supporters from the cabinet and reversed his administrative changes in Buganda.
364:
opened the meeting by reviewing the body's unsuccessful entreaties to the
President to submit his appointments for its ratification. Lule responded by stating that he was not prepared to take a stance involving such "important constitutional matters" by agreeing to submit the appointments to the NCC.
359:
Lule's handling of his cabinet provoked outrage in the NCC, especially when he dismissed
Muwanga from office. President Nyerere of Tanzania informed Lule that Tanzania would uphold the agreements regarding powers among Ugandan authorities made at Moshi. Lule felt that Tanzania afforded key support to
346:
Lule secured a ÂŁ100 million aid programme from
Western countries, alienating leftists who feared he would sellout the country to international business interests. His government's efforts to stifle inflation and curb the black market were minimal and unsuccessful, and during his tenure the economic
373:
in the
President. This was followed by an intense debate in which different councilors gave impassioned defences and criticisms of Lule. At 1:00 on 20 June the NCC voted on the motion via secret ballot. The results were announced 35 minutes later with 18 councilors voting in favour and 14 against.
350:
Many
Baganda were elated by Lule's elevation to the presidency, hoping that he would preserve the Buganda region's interests and keep Obote from returning to power. Lule ultimately did take measures that pleased the Baganda, such as restoring administrative unity to Buganda, conferring more powers
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people in southern Uganda as well as other countries such as Kenya. Nyerere also feared that Obote would stifle cooperation at the meeting and cause it to break up without success. He ultimately convinced Obote to refrain from attending. In place of Obote, many
Ugandan exiles began favouring Lule,
393:
ruled that Lule's removal had been unlawful, stating that Lule had the authority to appoint ministers without the NCC's approval. Though the ruling technically meant Lule could still claim to be President of Uganda, most nationals chose to ignore the decision, since the political situation in the
368:
Lule's statement was followed by hours of debate by the NCC concerning the division of powers agreed upon in Moshi. Later, Lule rose to say that he had not contravened the agreements made in Moshi and said that he had not received key directives supposedly dispatched to him from the NCC. Rugumayo
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to elect a new government. In anticipation of the contest, many Baganda began to support the DP as a way of opposing Obote and the UPC. Lule planned to attend the DP's conference in June where the party would select its new leaders. The incumbent leadership feared that his Baganda support would
384:
Many Baganda felt that Lule had been removed from power because he had preserved legitimate interests of Buganda. His ouster instigated large protests in Kampala and clashes between demonstrators and Tanzanian troops attempting to maintain order. Baganda protesters blocked streets and destroyed
266:
in their own respective circles. As the Tanzanians began organising a conference for the rebels and exiles, Nyerere was reconsidering Obote's role in the movement. He did not want to give the impression that Tanzania was going to install a government of its own choice in Uganda by facilitating
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partisans. Lule's government withheld money to the army for this reason, and it played no role in overseeing the defeat of the remnants of Amin's forces. He planned on disbanding the UNLA and replacing it with a new "National Army", which angered the leaders of the former. The army was to be
337:
Lule further infuriated the NCC when his cabinet awarded its own members $ 5,000 worth of foreign exchange as a "rehabilitation allowance" despite the treasury having very little money. Lule responded to the councilors' anger by offering them the same allowance, which they rejected. He also
459:, capturing Kampala in January 1986. Following Museveni's seizure of power, his government requested that Lule's body be repatriated. The remains were disinterred and flown to Entebbe on 22 January 1987. Greeted at the airport by large crowds, Lule's body was taken to Kampala where it
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following surgery. He was buried in London. The NRM released a statement upon his death, stating that it "wishes to assure its members, supporters, sympathizers and all Ugandans that the struggle for which Professor Lule stood will continue." The NRM ultimately won the
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Lule was thus removed from the presidency, and he walked out of the room with nine other councilors when Rugumayo said that his dismissal also triggered the removal of his cabinet.
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who was a Muganda and had the reputation of being a political moderate as well as a civil servant who was not tarnished by scandal or corrupt service in a past Ugandan regime.
287:, an Obote supporter. After heated argument a consensus was reached whereby Lule would be given the chair and Muwanga would be made head of the Military Affairs Commission.
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of Tanzania ordered it to halt to give time for the Ugandan rebels to convene and reorganise. The Ugandan rebels made due preparations, primarily led by former president
304:, Lule hurriedly compiled a list of ministers meant to represent the ethnic balances of Uganda's population. On 12 April 1979 Lule and his cabinet boarded a flight from
389:
of basic commodities. Some armed Baganda groups formed after Lule's departure and attacked police and soldiers, rendering Buganda ungovernable. On 21 October 1980 the
316:, "Now it is our turn." Still feeling that Kampala was unsafe, Tanzanian officials quickly took Lule from Parliament and installed him in the Entebbe State House.
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211:. Many aristocratic figures in the kingdom distrusted or otherwise did not support Lule because of his Muslim origins despite his conversion to Christianity, and
324:
Lule assumed office at a time when Uganda's national institutions were dysfunctional and the country was plagued by lawlessness and violence; he presided over a
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230:, between 1973 and 1978. Lule served as a minister in the pre-independence British colonial government and later as an assistant secretary-general of the
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279:, following an intense debate over which factions and persons could be admitted. That afternoon the delegates announced the formation of the
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250:, Ugandan rebels and exiles began making preparations for the establishment of a new government to follow Idi Amin's regime. After the
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He also said that his cabinet appointments were publicly known and that the committee could "treat the appointments as you wish".
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for two days before being reburied in Kampala where Uganda's first national flag had been raised on its independence day.
440:
423:
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522:
432:
1300:
Kasfir, Nelson (June 2005). "Guerrillas and civilian participation: the National Resistance Army in Uganda, 1981–86".
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ultimately won the election. Upon Uganda's independence in 1962, he became chairman of the Public Service Commission.
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proportionately representative of all of Uganda's regions and stipulate education requirements for applicants.
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In 1947 Lule married Hannah Namuli Wamala at Kings College Budo's church, where he was a teacher and she was
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Lule held the Ugandan Presidency for just 68 days, the shortest tenure of any President of Uganda.
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Obote's assumption of leadership of the rebel movement, and there was hostility to Obote from the
150:(10 April 1912 – 21 January 1985) was a Ugandan professor and politician who served as the fourth
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Historian Phares Mukasa Mutibwa described Lule's performance in the presidency as "amateurish".
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431:(UFF). On 8 June 1981 the UFF merged with Museveni's Popular Resistance Army to form the
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Over the last six years of his life Lule received treatment for a kidney disorder at
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189:. Initially a Muslim, he converted to Christianity while at King's College Budo.
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trucks while transportation workers went on strike and merchants deliberately
1388:
Tindigarukayo, Jimmy K. (1988). "Uganda, 1979-85: Leadership in Transition".
17:
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distrusted the UNLA, which he considered to be made up of loyal Obote and
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to Entebbe to fly in for his inauguration. While the plane was stopped in
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The Moshi Conference opened on 24 March 1979 in the Tanzanian town of
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Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1979 to 2016
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29:
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Kololo Hero Monument-Late Professor Yusuf Kironde Lule Monument
970:
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from 1964 to 1970, and was assistant secretary-general of the
497:, London: Africa Journal for Africa Books Ltd, 1981, p. 636.
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situation of Uganda continued its decline from Amin's rule.
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1345:
Uganda Since Independence: A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes
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His son, Wasswa Lule, became a MP for Rubaga North.
254:(TPDF) had captured substantial territory, President
508:"Uncovering University of Edinburgh's black history"
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country had rapidly developed since Lule's removal.
624:"President Yusuf Kironde Lule | State House Uganda"
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105:
100:
84:
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42:
34:
Hero monument for Late Professor Yusuf Kironde Lule
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1245:Museveni's Long March from Guerrilla to Statesman
242:Chairman of the Uganda National Liberation Front
1324:Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964-1985
601:. Associated Press. 23 January 1985. p. B8
450:in London. He died there on 21 January 1985 of
207:(Prime Minister) of the subnational kingdom of
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1051:
935:
911:
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437:Human Rights Violations in Uganda under Obote
203:(DP) nominated Lule as a candidate to become
8:
1650:Uganda National Liberation Front politicians
1266:. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
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39:
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725:Womakuyu, Frederick (19 January 2012).
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1660:People educated at King's College Budo
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1039:
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521:Mubangizi, Michael (11 January 2012).
27:Fourth president of Uganda (1912–1985)
1665:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1390:The Journal of Modern African Studies
1302:The Journal of Modern African Studies
1264:War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin
1262:Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983).
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68:13 April 1979 – 20 June 1979
7:
1285:. New York & London: Routledge.
618:
616:
595:"Yusufu Lulu Dies; ex-Uganda Leader"
523:"They stand tall in new found faith"
1625:Converts to Christianity from Islam
224:Association of African Universities
154:between 13 April and 20 June 1979.
626:. 10 February 2014. Archived from
547:Okech, Jennifer A. (5 June 2011).
439:, which was heavily circulated by
25:
1197:"Panorama Africana : Uganda"
727:"Lule, the president for 68 days"
410:Out of office, Lule was flown to
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1247:. Kampala: Fountain Publishers.
549:"Farewell to Hannah Namuli Lule"
281:Uganda National Liberation Front
1342:Mutibwa, Phares Mukasa (1992).
422:, Kenya. In 1980 Uganda hosted
252:Tanzania People's Defence Force
1635:University of Fort Hare alumni
1000:"President Yusuf Kironde Lule"
441:non-governmental organizations
355:Demise and removal from office
246:Following the outbreak of the
1:
165:was born on 10 April 1912 in
1283:Obote: A political biography
433:National Resistance Movement
234:. He went into exile after
220:Makerere University College
175:Makerere University College
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1655:Deaths from kidney failure
1630:Makerere University alumni
1243:Amara, Odongo ori (1998).
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1402:10.1017/S0022278X00015408
1314:10.1017/S0022278X05000832
1004:The State House of Uganda
300:Caught unprepared by the
262:and leftist intellectual
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129:21 January 1985 (aged 72)
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61:
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1448:13 April – 20 June 1979
1327:. McGill-Queen's Press.
1281:Ingham, Kenneth (1994).
1093:Africa Research Bulletin
1064:Avirgan & Honey 1983
1025:Avirgan & Honey 1983
987:Avirgan & Honey 1983
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960:Avirgan & Honey 1983
855:Avirgan & Honey 1983
840:Avirgan & Honey 1983
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763:Avirgan & Honey 1983
751:Avirgan & Honey 1983
710:Avirgan & Honey 1983
698:Avirgan & Honey 1983
686:Avirgan & Honey 1983
674:Avirgan & Honey 1983
232:Commonwealth Secretariat
1537:Presidential Commission
1363:Otunnu, Ogenga (2017).
429:Uganda Freedom Fighters
391:Ugandan Court of Appeal
371:motion of no confidence
187:University of Edinburgh
1670:Ugandan former Muslims
1348:. Africa World Press.
1089:"Court Rules for Lule"
1006:. Presidency of Uganda
407:
35:
405:
177:, Kampala (1934–36),
169:. He was educated at
33:
1605:Presidents of Uganda
1547:Bazilio Olara-Okello
1201:The African Guardian
1171:, pp. 283, 293.
448:Hammersmith Hospital
264:Dani Wadada Nabudere
179:Fort Hare University
1620:People from Kampala
1444:President of Uganda
1321:Kasozi, A. (1994).
1135:, pp. 139–140.
962:, pp. 198–199.
938:, pp. 609–610.
801:, pp. 152–153.
777:, pp. 116–117.
753:, pp. 110–114.
688:, pp. 102–104.
630:on 10 February 2014
493:"Lule, K. Yusufu",
418:. He later went to
291:President of Uganda
248:Uganda–Tanzania War
183:Alice, South Africa
171:King's College Budo
152:president of Uganda
120:Uganda Protectorate
56:President of Uganda
1429:Political offices
1371:Palgrave Macmillan
1052:Tindigarukayo 1988
936:Tindigarukayo 1988
912:Tindigarukayo 1988
885:Tindigarukayo 1988
599:The New York Times
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185:(1936–39) and the
148:Yusuf Kironde Lule
110:Yusuf Kironde Lule
36:
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1451:Succeeded by
1380:978-3-319-33155-3
1292:978-0-415-05342-6
1273:978-9976-1-0056-3
1078:, pp. 43–44.
950:, pp. 34–35.
676:, pp. 96–98.
424:general elections
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510:. 30 April 2021.
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457:Ugandan Bush War
201:Democratic Party
101:Personal details
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1095:. October 1980.
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362:Edward Rugumayo
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302:fall of Kampala
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91:Godfrey Binaisa
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1396:(4): 607–622.
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914:, p. 609.
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874:
872:, p. 131.
859:
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827:
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803:
791:
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387:gouged prices
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1003:
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758:
746:
734:. Retrieved
730:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:. Retrieved
654:Toledo Blade
653:
650:"Yusuf Lule"
644:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
605:10 September
603:. Retrieved
598:
573:Mutibwa 1992
568:
556:. Retrieved
552:
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530:. Retrieved
527:The Observer
526:
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461:lay in state
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326:failed state
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296:Inauguration
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260:Milton Obote
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228:Accra, Ghana
217:
199:In 1959 the
198:
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162:
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147:
146:
86:Succeeded by
63:
37:
1615:1985 deaths
1610:1912 births
1552:Tito Okello
1369:. Chicago:
1236:Works cited
1214:Kasfir 2005
1181:Otunnu 2017
1169:Kasfir 2005
1157:Kasfir 2005
1076:Otunnu 2017
1040:Otunnu 2017
948:Otunnu 2017
924:Otunnu 2017
900:Otunnu 2017
870:Kasozi 1994
823:Otunnu 2017
787:Ingham 1994
173:(1929–34),
74:Preceded by
18:Yusufu Lule
1599:Categories
1522:Yusuf Lule
1145:Amara 1998
731:New Vision
634:14 October
478:References
398:Later life
331:ex officio
163:Yusuf Lule
158:Early life
44:Yusuf Lule
1418:155043183
659:4 January
532:15 August
205:Kattikiro
194:head girl
64:In office
1583:de facto
1517:Idi Amin
1437:Idi Amin
1010:27 March
736:27 March
412:Tanzania
236:Idi Amin
79:Idi Amin
54:4th
1203:. 1986.
558:5 April
420:Nairobi
314:Luganda
269:Baganda
209:Buganda
167:Kampala
116:Kampala
1496:Uganda
1416:
1410:161322
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1352:
1331:
1289:
1270:
1251:
467:Legacy
416:London
320:Tenure
310:Mwanza
132:London
1414:S2CID
1406:JSTOR
277:Moshi
226:, in
1375:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1012:2020
738:2020
661:2011
636:2022
607:2019
560:2020
534:2021
126:Died
106:Born
1398:doi
1310:doi
181:at
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1394:27
1392:.
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1188:^
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536:.
20:)
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