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sideways in the repercussing air. The earthly column rose, higher and higher to almost four thousand feet. There it hung, or seemed to hang, for a moment in the air, like a silhouette of some great cypress tree, then fell away in a widening cone of dust and debris. A moment later came the second mine. Again the roar, the upflung machine, the strange gaunt silhouette invading the sky. Then the dust cleared and we saw the two white eyes of the craters. The barrage had lifted to the second-line trenches, the infantry were over the top, the attack had begun.
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1380:. Because the Germans had built tunnels 30–120 ft (9.1–36.6 m) deep and transverse defensive galleries 80 ft (24 m) deep and parallel to the German front line, the gallery could not be dug in a straight line. The gallery was dug about 500 yd (460 m) into no man's land, then doglegged to the right for about another 500 yd (460 m). About 40,000 lb (18 long tons; 18 t) of ammonal was placed in the chamber under Y Sap (the
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headquarters at Bray, taking over some 66 shafts at Carnoy, Fricourt, Maricourt and La
Boisselle. No man's land just south-west of La Boisselle was very narrow, at one point about 50 yd (46 m) wide, and had become pockmarked by many chalk craters. Elaborate precautions were taken to preserve secrecy, since no continuous front line trench ran through the area opposite the west end of La Boisselle and the British front line.
1446:. Y Sap and Lochnagar mines were the largest mines ever detonated. The blast was the largest man-made sound in history and some reports said that it could be heard from London. The explosion of Y Sap mine left a large crater but failed to assist the British attack at Zero Hour as the Germans had detected the mine in time, evacuated the position and caught the British infantry in crossfire, particularly the troops of the
198:
1207:, some loaded with 20–25 long tons; 44,000–55,000 lb (20,000–25,000 kg) of explosives. At the end of July 1915, fresh troops were observed moving into the French positions north of the Somme and on 1 August, they were identified at Thiepval Wood as British soldiers ("dressed in brown suits").
1528:
apparatus eavesdroppers, who warned of the attack, enabled the
Germans to vacate the underground shelters near Y Sap in time and shoot down the infantry of the fourth brigade column. La Boisselle was meant to fall within twenty minutes but it was captured by the British and re-captured by the Germans
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the charge. Lochnagar and Y Sap mines were overcharged to ensure that large rims were formed from the disturbed ground and communication tunnels were also dug for use immediately after the first attack. The mines were laid without interference by German miners but while the ammonal was being placed,
1315:
to allow the infantry to attack the German positions from a much shorter distance. At La
Boisselle, four mines were prepared by the Royal Engineers, two charges (No 2 straight and No 5 right) were planted at L'îlot at the end of galleries dug from Inch Street Trench by the 179th Tunnelling Company,
1258:
The underground war continued with offensive mining to destroy opposing strong points and defensive mining to destroy tunnels, which were 30–120 ft (9.1–36.6 m) long. Around La
Boisselle, the Germans dug defensive transverse tunnels about 80 ft (24 m) long, parallel to the front
1145:
and attempts to resume mobile warfare in
October failed. Both sides reduced their attacks to local operations or raids and began to fortify their remaining positions with underground works. On 18 December, the French captured the La Boisselle village cemetery at the west end of a German salient and
1516:
The detonation of Y Sap and
Lochnagar mines failed to neutralise the German defences in La Boisselle. The mines were expected to provide some protection against German machine-gun fire, by creating mounds around the crater rims and a smoke screen was to cover La Boisselle at zero hour but the wind
1238:
Tunnelling
Companies into the area but at first the British did not have enough miners to take over the large number of French shafts; the problem was temporarily solved when the French agreed to leave their engineers behind for several weeks. On 24 July, the 174th Tunnelling Company established
1500:
We were over
Thiepval and turned south to watch the mines. As we sailed down above all, came the final moment. Zero! At Boisselle the earth heaved and flashed, a tremendous and magnificent column rose up into the sky. There was an ear-splitting roar, drowning all the guns, flinging the machine
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thirty minutes before the infantry advance, which meant that its fire for the rest of the day was ineffective. Field artillery and field howitzers were left to suppress the German defenders for the last thirty minutes but had little destructive power against field fortifications. The German
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and prevent enfilade fire from it during the
British attack. The crater could be occupied by the British infantry and used by the Royal Engineers to dig an advanced jumping-off trench for the British infantry, which would reduce the distance the British infantry would have to cross by over
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line. On 19 November 1915, the 179th
Tunnelling Company commander, Captain Henry Hance, estimated that the Germans were 15 yd (14 m) away and ordered the mine chamber to be loaded with 6,000 lb (2.7 long tons; 2.7 t) of explosives, which was completed by midnight on
1944:
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To keep quiet, the tunnellers used bayonets with spliced handles and worked barefoot on a floor covered with sandbags. Flints were carefully prised out of the chalk and laid on the floor; if the bayonet was manipulated two-handed, an assistant caught the dislodged material.
1409:
490 ft (150 m). Hance's superiors agreed that firing Y Sap mine early could help to neutralise enemy fire from the flanks around La Boisselle but the explosion would alert the Germans that a British attack was imminent and the suggestion was rejected.
1454:. The brigade suffered the worst losses of any brigade on the first day on the Somme, many of the casualties occurring behind the British front-line. Losses in the brigade on 1 July were so severe that on 6 July, the brigade was swapped with a brigade of the
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fire along no man's land. As the Germans in La Boisselle had fortified the cellars of ruined houses and the cratered ground made a direct infantry assault on the village impossible, two further mines, known as Y Sap, the British name for the German
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the machine-gunners caught the British infantry in crossfire. The 34th Division had the highest number of casualties of any of the divisions involved on 1 July. The crater of the Y Sap mine was filled in after World War I and is no longer visible.
1146:
established an advanced post only 9.8 ft (3 m) from the German front line. By 24 December, the French had forced the Germans back from the cemetery and the western area of La Boisselle but were stopped a short distance forward at
1952:
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a German sapper inadvertently broke into French mine gallery, which he found to have been charged with explosives; a group of volunteers took 45 minutes to dismantle the charge and cut the firing cables. From April
2103:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
1990:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan.
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the Germans blew the charge, filling the remaining British tunnels with carbon monoxide. The right and left tunnels collapsed; it was later found that the German explosion had detonated the British mine.
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Captain Henry Hance, commander of the 179th Tunnelling Company, doubted the effect of the British destructive artillery bombardment and recommended blowing Y Sap mine two days early, to destroy the
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after the trench from which the gallery was dug, were planted to the north-east and the south-east of La Boisselle to assist the attack on either side of the German salient in the village.
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German troops of the 9th Company, RIR 110 could hear the British miners but not where they were; German miners could be heard by the British miners below Lochnagar and above Y Sap mine.
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at the west end of La Boisselle, where the opposing lines were 200 yd (180 m) apart, even during lulls along the rest of the Somme front. On the night of
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strongpoint, which overlooked Mash Valley, just north of La Boisselle. The mine consisted of a gallery dug from the British front line, near where it crossed the
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1166:(Shell Farm) to the Germans and later as the Glory Hole to the British. On Christmas Day 1914, French engineers sank the first mine shaft at La Boisselle.
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was placed in sandbags, passed hand-to-hand along a row of miners sitting on the floor and stored along the side of the tunnel, later to be used to
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the worst losses of the British divisions engaged on 1 July. The 19th Division was rushed forward in case of a German counter-attack on Albert.
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on 1 July 1916 and left a large crater. The explosion of the Y Sap mine failed to assist the British attack as the German eavesdroppers at the
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blew it away from the village. Prior and Wilson criticised the bombardment plan for lifting the heavy artillery off the German front line at
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listening station intercepted and passed on the British "good luck" message. The Germans removed machine-guns from the
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The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, September 1914 – June 1916
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French and German military operations began on the Somme in September 1914. A German advance westwards towards
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strongpoint (Y Sap to the British) was protected by a system of deep mines. Y Sap mine was dug underneath the
1988:
Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme
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2386:. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press.
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of various sizes under the German positions along the front line and by preparing a series of shallow
1090:. The mine was named after Y Sap, the British trench from which the gallery was driven. It was one of
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Royal Engineers Museum and Library Corps History Part 14, The Corps and the First World War (1914–18)
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The Other Side of the Wire: The Battle of the Somme. With the German XIV Reserve Corps, 1 July 1916
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The wrecked tunnels were gradually re-opened but about thirty bodies remained beneath La Boisselle.
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several times before it finally fell on 4 July, the divisions III Corps having suffered more than
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The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force
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When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916
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Aerial view of Ovillers-La-Boisselle; the crater of the Y Sap mine is visible near the centre
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Military Operations in France and Belgium: 2 July to the End of the Battles of the Somme
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The Thirty-Fourth Division, 1915–1919: The Story of its Career from Ripon to the Rhine
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Scotland, Thomas; Heys, Steven (2014). "La Boisselle and Ovillers, 1 July 1916".
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was an underground explosive charge, secretly planted by the British during the
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Cecil Lewis, whose aircraft was hit by lumps of mud thrown up by the explosion.
1391:
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In January and February 1916, British raiding parties had discovered that the
2424:
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Somme 1916: Success and Failure on the First Day of the Battle of the Somme
1920:"Webmatters: Battle of the Somme: Ovillers and La Boisselle, 1st July 1916"
1919:
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1286:
Map of the vicinity of Ovillers-La Boisselle (commune FR insee code 80615)
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from the British front line into no man's land, which would be opened at
1295:(1–13 July), the name given by the British to the first two weeks of the
80:
2166:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: H. F. & G. Witherby.
2074:
Sagittarius Rising: The Classic Account of Flying in the First World War
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2308:"Lochnagar Mine Crater Memorial, La Boisselle, Somme Battlefields"
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intended to wreck German tunnels and create crater lips to block
1395:
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2143:
Understanding the Somme 1916: An Illuminating Battlefield Guide
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were to help the Allied preparations for the battle by placing
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2522:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Edward Arnold.
1299:, La Boisselle stood on the centre of the British attack. The
1094:
on the British sector to be blown at the start of the battle.
1450:(Brigadier-General Trevor Tiernan), on the left flank of the
2549:
Surface model of the Y Sap, Glory Hole and Lochnagar craters
1603:
1601:
2192:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper.
1770:
1768:
1339:
Plan of the Y Sap mine. The Glory Hole site was known as
1075:) in the front line, on the north side of the village of
2211:. Vol. I (pbk. repr. ed.). Solihull: Helion.
1630:
1628:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
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1555:
List of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions
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Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
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1226:Tunnelling companies in October. Brigadier-General
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2009:
1438:The four mines at La Boisselle were detonated at
1433:34th Division attack at La Boisselle, 1 July 1916
1253:Geological cross-section of the Somme battlefield
197:
1218:Tunnelling companies in August, followed by the
3545:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1498:
35:
4772:Monuments and memorials in Somme (department)
2584:
2076:(2nd Penguin ed.). London: Peter Davis.
1245:was defended by posts near the mine shafts.
553:
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59:Battle of the Somme 1 July – 18 November 1916
8:
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1523:
1403:
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1230:the Engineer-in-Chief of the BEF, moved the
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1155:
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1114:
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1102:
1083:
1064:
1906:
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1061:Tunnelling Companies of the Royal Engineers
4752:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
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1063:under a German machine-gun nest known as
216:Site of the Y Sap mine, near La Boisselle
4762:Battles of World War I involving Germany
3834:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
4757:Battles of World War I involving France
4211:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1870:
1834:
1786:
1774:
1759:
1747:
1735:
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1667:
1655:
1619:
1607:
1585:
1566:
1496:, almost 2 mi (3.2 km) away,
2463:Somme 1 July 1916: Tragedy and Triumph
2190:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916
4164:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
3500:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1894:
1858:
1846:
1822:
1798:
1634:
1179:Map of chalk areas in northern France
7:
4568:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2012:Somme: The Heroism and Horror of War
1810:
4497:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
3291:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2035:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books.
1723:
21:Mines on the first day of the Somme
3230:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2503:. Vol. II. Solihull: Helion.
14:
2559:Ovillers-La-Boisselle photo essay
2520:The Nineteenth Division 1914–1918
1448:102nd (Tyneside Scottish) Brigade
1374:road to a mine chamber under the
3593:Second Battle of the Piave River
3215:Russian invasion of East Prussia
196:
189:
153:
138:
53:
16:WWI underground explosive charge
4664:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3864:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2482:Writing the Dark Side of Travel
2434:– via Archive Foundation.
2403:– via Archive Foundation.
2301:– via Archive Foundation.
2275:– via Archive Foundation.
2136:– via Archive Foundation.
2026:– via Archive Foundation.
1051:and ready for 1 July 1916, the
4487:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4346:Deportations from East Prussia
4143:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
2118:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005).
1:
4727:Tunnel warfare in World War I
4398:Ukrainian Canadian internment
2054:. Barnsley: Frontline Books.
2033:Underground Warfare 1914–1918
1543:Armistice of 11 November 1918
1141:was stopped by the French at
4553:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3852:Estonian War of Independence
3520:Southern Palestine offensive
2484:. New York: Berghahn Books.
4732:World War I sites in France
4507:USA against Austria-Hungary
3906:Turkish War of Independence
3858:Latvian War of Independence
3583:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
3174:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1210:The British had formed the
1030:Western Front tactics, 1917
4793:
4590:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
4138:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3598:Second Battle of the Marne
3485:Second battle of the Aisne
3354:Second Battle of Champagne
3195:German invasion of Belgium
2444:The First Day on the Somme
2363:. Norwich: Gliddon Books.
2207:Whitehead, R. J. (2013) .
1421:
271:Battles of the Somme, 1916
18:
4696:
4371:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
3900:Irish War of Independence
3643:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3628:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3240:First Battle of the Marne
2606:
2499:Whitehead, R. J. (2013).
2446:. London: Penguin Books.
2126:. Yale University Press.
1945:"Y Sap Mine, La Boiselle"
1097:Y Sap mine was sprung at
577:
268:
204:Y Sap mine (La Boisselle)
184:
167:
130:
63:
52:
40:
4523:Constantinople Agreement
3816:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3679:Co-belligerent conflicts
3648:Second Romanian campaign
3618:Third Transjordan attack
3329:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
3235:Battle of Grand Couronné
2554:La Boisselle Study Group
2239:La Boisselle Study Group
2160:Shakespear, J. (2001) .
1700:Scotland & Heys 2014
4586:Modus vivendi of Acroma
4538:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3846:Greater Poland Uprising
3746:National Protection War
3623:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3573:German spring offensive
3568:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3344:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
3319:Second Battle of Artois
3200:Battle of the Frontiers
2461:Robertshaw, A. (2006).
2419:. New York: Macmillan.
2328:"WW1 Trip to the Somme"
2016:. London: John Murray.
1907:Prior & Wilson 2005
1883:Prior & Wilson 2005
1424:Capture of La Boisselle
918:German spring offensive
25:Battle of Albert (1916)
4611:Paris Peace Conference
4599:Ukraine–Central Powers
4393:Massacres of Albanians
4361:Late Ottoman genocides
4168:Bulgarian occupations
3876:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3840:Hungarian–Romanian War
3658:Naval Victory Bulletin
3653:Armistice with Germany
3603:Hundred Days Offensive
3530:Battle of La Malmaison
3480:Second battle of Arras
3447:Battle of Transylvania
3301:Second Battle of Ypres
3169:Sarajevo assassination
3058:South African Republic
2378:Jones, H. A. (2002) .
1524:
1509:
1475:
1444:first day on the Somme
1435:
1404:
1382:
1376:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1349:L'îlot de La Boisselle
1347:
1345:to the Germans and as
1341:
1323:
1288:
1255:
1241:
1203:
1184:Fighting continued in
1181:
1162:
1156:
1150:L'îlot de La Boisselle
1148:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1053:first day on the Somme
168:Commanders and leaders
103:50.020694°N 2.690028°E
4777:World War I memorials
4621:Treaty of St. Germain
4594:Russia–Central Powers
4548:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4376:Pontic Greek genocide
4351:Destruction of Kalisz
4327:Eastern Mediterranean
3888:Polish–Lithuanian War
3670:Armistice of Belgrade
3633:Armistice of Salonica
3563:Operation Faustschlag
3510:Third Battle of Oituz
3432:Baranovichi offensive
3400:Lake Naroch offensive
3374:Battle of Robat Karim
3349:Vistula–Bug offensive
3324:Battles of the Isonzo
3255:First Battle of Ypres
2188:Sheldon, J. (2006) .
2031:Jones, Simon (2010).
1492:, watched from above
1464:
1431:
1337:
1284:
1251:
1177:
4616:Treaty of Versailles
4332:Mount Lebanon famine
4247:in the United States
4215:Russian occupations
3929:Turkish–Armenian War
3870:Polish–Ukrainian War
3810:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3757:Central Asian Revolt
3540:Armistice of Focșani
3270:Battle of Sarikamish
3220:Battle of Tannenberg
2616:Military engagements
2518:Wyrall, E. (2009) .
2480:Skinner, J. (2012).
2359:Gliddon, G. (1987).
2253:Dunning, R. (2015).
2233:Banning, J. (2011).
2145:. Solihull: Helion.
2050:Kendall, P. (2015).
1738:, pp. 263, 265.
1442:on 1 July 1916, the
1372:D 929 Albert–Bapaume
1301:tunnelling companies
1291:At the start of the
1025:French Army mutinies
1020:1914 Christmas truce
790:Hohenzollern Redoubt
431:Butte de Warlencourt
212:class=notpageimage|
179:Erich von Falkenhayn
4722:Battle of the Somme
4683:They shall not pass
4606:Treaty of Bucharest
4563:Treaty of Bucharest
4502:USA against Germany
4479:Declarations of war
4183:German occupations
4096:British casualties
3955:Soviet–Georgian War
3882:Egyptian Revolution
3822:Armeno-Georgian War
3686:Somaliland campaign
3638:Armistice of Mudros
3515:Battle of Caporetto
3505:Battle of Mărășești
3475:Zimmermann telegram
3470:February Revolution
3415:Battle of the Somme
3339:Bug-Narew Offensive
3314:Battle of Gallipoli
3306:Sinking of the RMS
3098:Scramble for Africa
3092:Franco-Prussian War
2748:Sinai and Palestine
2285:lochnagarcrater.org
2099:Miles, W. (1992) .
1955:on 21 December 2016
1837:, pp. 375–376.
1801:, pp. 124–125.
1762:, pp. 262–265.
1670:, pp. 38, 371.
1595:, pp. 159–174.
1297:Battle of the Somme
1201:were sprung around
1014:Associated articles
731:Hartmannswillerkopf
591:Invasion of Belgium
474:Associated articles
108:50.020694; 2.690028
99: /
43:Battle of the Somme
4737:Explosions in 1916
4643:Treaty of Lausanne
4558:Paris Economy Pact
4492:UK against Germany
4422:Entry into the war
4388:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
4107:Ottoman casualties
3917:Franco-Turkish War
3797:Post-War conflicts
3781:Russian Revolution
3763:Invasion of Darfur
3728:Kelantan rebellion
3716:Kurdish rebellions
3692:Mexican Revolution
3525:October Revolution
3490:Kerensky offensive
3465:Capture of Baghdad
3442:Monastir offensive
3427:Brusilov offensive
3265:Battle of Kolubara
3104:Russo-Japanese War
2465:. London: Osprey.
2415:The Old Front Line
2338:on 19 October 2014
2326:Waugh, I. (2014).
2281:"La Boisselle Map"
1531:11,000 casualties,
1476:
1436:
1356:
1289:
1256:
1182:
4742:Conflicts in 1916
4709:
4708:
4692:
4691:
4676:The Golden Virgin
4670:Mutilated victory
4651:
4650:
4631:Treaty of Trianon
4626:Treaty of Neuilly
4533:Damascus Protocol
4406:
4405:
4366:Armenian genocide
4323:Allied blockades
4295:Belgian refugees
4078:
4077:
3988:Strategic bombing
3964:
3963:
3949:Franco-Syrian War
3923:Greco-Turkish War
3911:Anglo-Turkish War
3894:Polish–Soviet War
3828:German Revolution
3804:Russian Civil War
3787:Finnish Civil War
3613:Battle of Megiddo
3588:Battle of Goychay
3535:Battle of Cambrai
3495:Battle of Mărăști
3410:Battle of Jutland
3390:Erzurum offensive
3245:Siege of Przemyśl
3225:Siege of Tsingtao
3210:Battle of Galicia
3140:Second Balkan War
3128:Italo-Turkish War
3085:Pre-War conflicts
3071:
3070:
2961:Portuguese Empire
2877:
2876:
2839:German New Guinea
2821:Asian and Pacific
2529:978-1-84342-208-2
2510:978-1-907677-12-0
2491:978-0-85745-341-9
2472:978-1-84603-038-3
2453:978-0-14-139071-0
2393:978-1-84342-413-0
2370:978-0-947893-02-6
2306:Legg, J. (2013).
2255:"Military Mining"
2218:978-1-908916-89-1
2199:978-1-84415-269-8
2173:978-1-84342-050-7
2152:978-1-910294-90-1
2133:978-0-300-10694-7
2110:978-0-89839-169-5
2083:978-0-14-004367-9
2061:978-1-84832-905-8
2042:978-1-84415-962-8
2023:978-0-7195-6890-9
1997:978-0-89839-185-5
1909:, pp. 98–99.
1885:, pp. 92–93.
1702:, pp. 70–88.
1610:, pp. 62–65.
1038:
1037:
864:Nivelle offensive
638:Trouée de Charmes
535:
534:
522:Thiepval Memorial
377:Flers–Courcelette
225:
224:
126:
125:
4784:
4636:Treaty of Sèvres
4528:Treaty of London
4419:
4197:Northeast France
4128:
4100:Parliamentarians
4033:
3995:Chemical weapons
3973:
3734:Senussi campaign
3704:Muscat rebellion
3698:Maritz rebellion
3666:
3608:Vardar offensive
3437:Battle of Romani
3405:Battle of Asiago
3395:Battle of Verdun
3359:Kosovo offensive
3134:First Balkan War
3082:
2981:Russian Republic
2890:
2684:
2626:Economic history
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2533:
2514:
2495:
2476:
2457:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2418:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2374:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2334:. Archived from
2332:Old British News
2322:
2320:
2318:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2287:. Archived from
2276:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2261:. Archived from
2259:Lochnagar Crater
2249:
2247:
2245:
2222:
2203:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2156:
2137:
2125:
2114:
2095:
2065:
2046:
2027:
2015:
2001:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1951:. Archived from
1949:mikemccormac.com
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1571:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1507:
1441:
1407:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1352:
1344:
1327:strongpoint and
1326:
1293:Battle of Albert
1266:
1262:
1244:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1165:
1160:became known as
1159:
1153:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1089:
1068:
977:St Quentin Canal
572:
562:
555:
548:
539:
480:Hébuterne (1915)
443:Schwaben Redoubt
263:
261:
251:
244:
237:
228:
200:
199:
193:
163:
159:
157:
156:
148:
144:
142:
141:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
65:
64:
57:
33:
4792:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4688:
4647:
4579:
4572:
4543:Treaty of Darin
4511:
4473:
4429:Austria-Hungary
4415:
4402:
4383:Rape of Belgium
4310:
4282:
4230:
4224:Western Armenia
4219:Eastern Galicia
4152:
4126:
4090:
4089:Civilian impact
4088:
4074:
4031:
3960:
3792:
3722:Ovambo Uprising
3674:
3660:
3549:
3451:
3378:
3296:Battle of Łomża
3279:
3275:Christmas truce
3250:Race to the Sea
3183:
3145:
3067:
3038:Austria-Hungary
3014:
2949:Empire of Japan
2886:
2884:
2873:
2857:U-boat campaign
2843:
2815:
2777:
2729:
2675:
2656:Popular culture
2602:
2597:
2540:
2530:
2517:
2511:
2498:
2492:
2479:
2473:
2460:
2454:
2440:Middlebrook, M.
2438:
2429:
2427:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2377:
2371:
2358:
2355:
2353:Further reading
2350:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2294:
2293:on 9 April 2016
2279:
2270:
2268:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2219:
2206:
2200:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2159:
2153:
2140:
2134:
2117:
2111:
2098:
2084:
2068:
2062:
2049:
2043:
2030:
2024:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1712:Shakespear 2001
1710:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1641:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1474:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1371:
1354:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1261:20/21 November.
1260:
1254:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1180:
1172:
1135:
1130:
1098:
1059:was dug by the
1049:First World War
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1011:
815:Vimy Ridge 1916
692:Race to the Sea
660:1st St. Quentin
582:
573:
568:
566:
536:
531:
517:Leipzig Salient
485:Order of Battle
471:
264:
260:Somme Offensive
259:
257:
255:
221:
220:
219:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
206:
205:
201:
154:
152:
151:
139:
137:
136:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
90:
88:
86:
85:
84:
58:
47:First World War
27:
19:Main articles:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:1916 in France
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4667:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4578:Peace treaties
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4464:United Kingdom
4461:
4456:
4454:Ottoman Empire
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4358:
4356:Sack of Dinant
4353:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4304:United Kingdom
4301:
4292:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4264:
4258:POW locations
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4132:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4058:United Kingdom
4055:
4053:Ottoman Empire
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4027:Trench warfare
4024:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3979:
3977:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3743:
3740:Volta-Bani War
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Zeebrugge Raid
3575:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3369:Battle of Loos
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Black Sea raid
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:Historiography
3153:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3116:Bosnian Crisis
3113:
3110:Tangier Crisis
3107:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3086:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Ottoman Empire
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3020:Central Powers
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:British Empire
2998:United Kingdom
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2976:Russian Empire
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2894:Entente Powers
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:North Atlantic
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2773:Central Arabia
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2735:Middle Eastern
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2636:Historiography
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2538:External links
2536:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2515:
2509:
2496:
2490:
2477:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2436:
2405:
2392:
2375:
2369:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2323:
2312:greatwar.co.uk
2303:
2277:
2267:on 22 May 2015
2250:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2204:
2198:
2185:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2138:
2132:
2115:
2109:
2096:
2082:
2066:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2002:
1996:
1984:Edmonds, J. E.
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1936:
1924:webmatters.net
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1789:, p. 266.
1779:
1777:, p. 375.
1764:
1752:
1750:, pp. 51.
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1689:
1672:
1660:
1639:
1637:, p. 114.
1624:
1612:
1597:
1593:Whitehead 2013
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1513:
1510:
1503:
1490:Morane Parasol
1488:RFC, flying a
1479:2nd Lieutenant
1473:on 1 July 1916
1469:, as flown by
1467:Morane Parasol
1465:
1432:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1353:to the French.
1338:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1252:
1195:1915 – January
1178:
1171:
1168:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1010:
1009:
1007:Lys and Escaut
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
887:
886:
881:
876:
871:
861:
854:
843:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
754:
753:
743:
738:
736:Neuve Chapelle
733:
728:
717:
716:
711:
709:Winter actions
706:
705:
704:
699:
689:
684:
679:
674:
672:Grand Couronné
669:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
609:
608:
603:
598:
588:
578:
575:
574:
567:
565:
564:
557:
550:
542:
533:
532:
530:
529:
524:
519:
514:
513:
512:
510:Hawthorn Ridge
507:
502:
492:
487:
482:
470:
469:
468:
467:
465:Beaumont-Hamel
457:
456:
455:
450:
445:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
413:
411:Thiepval Ridge
408:
407:
406:
401:
396:
386:
385:
384:
374:
369:
364:
363:
362:
352:
347:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
318:Bazentin Ridge
315:
314:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
269:
266:
265:
256:
254:
253:
246:
239:
231:
223:
222:
215:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
165:
164:
149:
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
122:German victory
120:
116:
115:
79:
77:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
50:
49:
38:
37:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4789:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
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4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4566:
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4526:
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4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4469:United States
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4081:
4071:
4070:United States
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4020:Convoy system
4018:
4017:
4016:
4015:Naval warfare
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:Kaocen revolt
3773:
3770:
3769:Easter Rising
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Great Retreat
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Battle of Cer
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3122:Agadir Crisis
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3010:United States
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:French Empire
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2880:
2870:
2869:Mediterranean
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2849:Naval warfare
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2725:Italian Front
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2713:Eastern Front
2711:
2709:
2708:Western Front
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Puppet states
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2409:Masefield, J.
2406:
2395:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1897:, p. 20.
1896:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1873:, p. 54.
1872:
1867:
1864:
1861:, p. 90.
1860:
1855:
1852:
1849:, p. 13.
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1714:, p. 37.
1713:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1622:, p. 75.
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1526:
1511:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:37th Division
1453:
1452:34th Division
1449:
1445:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1368:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1187:
1186:no man's land
1176:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
982:Meuse-Argonne
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:
921:
920:
919:
916:
915:
914:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Passchendaele
894:
892:
889:
885:
882:
880:
877:
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761:
759:
758:2nd Champagne
756:
752:
749:
748:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:1st Champagne
724:
723:
722:
721:
715:
712:
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645:Great Retreat
643:
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631:
629:
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621:
619:
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611:
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584:
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570:Western Front
563:
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528:
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495:Mines, 1 July
493:
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481:
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477:
476:
475:
466:
463:
462:
461:
458:
454:
453:Regina Trench
451:
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448:Stuff Redoubt
446:
444:
441:
440:
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438:Ancre Heights
436:
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350:Delville Wood
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34:
29:
26:
22:
4681:
4674:
4662:
4269: /
4201:
4036:Conscription
4000:Cryptography
3937:Iraqi Revolt
3364:Siege of Kut
3307:
2885:participants
2834:German Samoa
2768:South Arabia
2519:
2500:
2481:
2462:
2443:
2428:. Retrieved
2414:
2397:. Retrieved
2381:
2360:
2340:. Retrieved
2336:the original
2331:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:
2295:. Retrieved
2290:the original
2284:
2269:. Retrieved
2264:the original
2258:
2242:. Retrieved
2238:
2235:"Tunnellers"
2226:
2225:
2208:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2162:
2142:
2121:
2100:
2073:
2070:Lewis, C. A.
2051:
2032:
2011:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1971:Bibliography
1957:. Retrieved
1953:the original
1948:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1871:Gilbert 2007
1866:
1854:
1842:
1835:Edmonds 1993
1830:
1818:
1806:
1794:
1787:Kendall 2015
1782:
1775:Edmonds 1993
1760:Kendall 2015
1755:
1748:Gilbert 2007
1743:
1736:Kendall 2015
1731:
1719:
1707:
1685:Banning 2011
1668:Edmonds 1993
1663:
1656:Dunning 2015
1620:Sheldon 2006
1615:
1608:Sheldon 2006
1588:
1569:
1540:
1515:
1499:
1477:
1437:
1401:
1388:
1357:
1309:Russian saps
1290:
1257:
1228:George Fowke
1209:
1183:
1143:La Boisselle
1136:
1096:
1077:La Boisselle
1071:
1044:
1042:
1013:
1012:
972:Saint-Mihiel
940:Belleau Wood
923:
911:
910:
901:La Malmaison
857:
845:
844:
810:Kink Salient
778:
777:
773:Gas: Wieltje
719:
718:
579:
504:
473:
472:
360:Mouquet Farm
306:La Boisselle
301:Contalmaison
270:
174:Douglas Haig
131:Belligerents
94:02°41′24.1″E
91:50°01′14.5″N
41:Part of The
28:
4299:Netherlands
4276:Switzerland
4157:Occupations
4148:Spanish flu
3925:(1919–1922)
3919:(1918–1921)
3913:(1918–1923)
3902:(1919–1921)
3896:(1919–1921)
3890:(1919–1920)
3866:(1918–1920)
3860:(1918–1920)
3854:(1918–1920)
3836:(1918–1920)
3818:(1918–1920)
3812:(1917–1921)
3806:(1917–1921)
3753:(1916-1918)
3751:Arab Revolt
3742:(1915–1917)
3736:(1915–1917)
3724:(1914-1917)
3718:(1914–1917)
3712:(1914–1921)
3706:(1913–1920)
3694:(1910–1920)
3688:(1900–1920)
3661: [
3179:July Crisis
3100:(1880–1914)
2763:Mesopotamia
2641:Home fronts
2600:World War I
2297:18 December
2006:Gilbert, M.
1482:Cecil Lewis
1471:Cecil Lewis
1086:département
992:2nd Cambrai
830:Boar's Head
820:Mont Sorrel
527:Ancre, 1917
490:Boar's Head
416:Le Transloy
404:Gueudecourt
382:Martinpuich
328:Trônes Wood
106: /
71:1 July 1916
4716:Categories
4516:Agreements
4316:War crimes
4192:Luxembourg
4085:Casualties
2956:Montenegro
2791:South West
2671:Technology
2661:Propaganda
2651:Opposition
2430:19 October
2399:18 October
2342:19 October
2179:18 October
1959:3 December
1929:3 December
1895:Miles 1992
1859:Lewis 1977
1847:Miles 1992
1823:Waugh 2014
1799:Jones 2010
1635:Jones 2010
1541:After the
1519:7:00 a.m.,
1486:3 Squadron
1422:See also:
1190:8/9 March,
1128:Background
1045:Y Sap mine
805:Wulverghem
768:3rd Artois
746:2nd Artois
714:1st Artois
367:Guillemont
311:Gommecourt
36:Y Sap mine
4413:Diplomacy
4120:Olympians
4043:Australia
4010:Logistics
3943:Vlora War
3872:(1918–19)
3848:(1918–19)
3842:(1918–19)
3830:(1918–19)
3777:(1916–17)
3759:(1916–17)
3710:Zaian War
3700:(1914–15)
3420:first day
3308:Lusitania
3136:(1912–13)
3130:(1911–12)
3118:(1908–09)
3112:(1905–06)
3094:(1870–71)
2883:Principal
2743:Gallipoli
2646:Memorials
2631:Geography
2621:Aftermath
2425:869145562
2122:The Somme
2092:473683742
2072:(1977) .
1986:(1993) .
1811:Legg 2013
1581:Footnotes
1440:7:28 a.m.
1405:Blinddarm
1383:Blinddarm
1377:Blinddarm
1367:Blinddarm
1361:Blinddarm
1342:Granathof
1329:Lochnagar
1324:Blinddarm
1313:Zero Hour
1265:1:30 a.m.
1163:Granathof
1121:Zero Hour
1116:Blinddarm
1099:7:28 a.m.
1066:Blinddarm
987:5th Ypres
967:2nd Somme
945:2nd Marne
935:3rd Aisne
884:The Hills
879:2nd Aisne
840:Fromelles
835:1st Somme
785:The Bluff
751:Hébuterne
741:2nd Ypres
702:1st Ypres
682:1st Aisne
677:1st Marne
650:Le Cateau
628:Charleroi
613:Frontiers
500:Lochnagar
343:High Wood
338:Fromelles
323:Longueval
286:Montauban
281:First day
4701:Category
4288:Refugees
4254:Italians
4243:Germans
4203:Ober Ost
3983:Aviation
3077:Timeline
3048:Bulgaria
2829:Tsingtao
2806:Togoland
2753:Caucasus
2688:European
2680:Theatres
2442:(1971).
2411:(1917).
2227:Websites
2008:(2007).
1724:Map 2016
1549:See also
1537:Post-war
1512:Analysis
1504:—
1494:Thiepval
1318:enfilade
1305:19 mines
1199:61 mines
1092:19 mines
1072:appendix
997:Courtrai
952:Soissons
891:Messines
858:Alberich
667:Maubeuge
623:Ardennes
618:Lorraine
586:Moresnet
421:Eaucourt
399:Lesbœufs
355:Pozières
333:Ovillers
296:Fricourt
83:, France
76:Location
4439:Germany
4339:Germany
4267:Germany
4187:Belgium
4172:Albania
4131:Disease
4111:Sports
4063:Ireland
3976:Warfare
3969:Aspects
3157:Origins
3150:Prelude
3053:Senussi
3033:Germany
3028:Leaders
2966:Romania
2907:Belgium
2902:Leaders
2801:Kamerun
2783:African
2718:Romania
2696:Balkans
2611:Outline
2271:26 June
2244:26 June
1272:Prelude
1119:and at
1079:in the
962:Ailette
930:The Lys
924:Michael
906:Cambrai
800:Hulluch
795:St Eloi
687:Antwerp
426:Le Sars
394:Combles
161:Germany
146:Britain
81:Picardy
4459:Russia
4434:France
4262:Canada
4177:Serbia
4048:Canada
4005:Horses
3957:(1921)
3951:(1920)
3945:(1920)
3939:(1920)
3931:(1920)
3884:(1919)
3878:(1919)
3824:(1918)
3789:(1918)
3783:(1917)
3771:(1916)
3765:(1916)
3730:(1915)
3142:(1913)
3124:(1911)
3106:(1905)
3063:Darfur
2988:Serbia
2971:Russia
2934:Greece
2922:France
2912:Brazil
2758:Persia
2701:Serbia
2526:
2507:
2488:
2469:
2450:
2423:
2390:
2367:
2317:18 May
2215:
2196:
2170:
2149:
2130:
2107:
2090:
2080:
2058:
2039:
2020:
1994:
1525:Moritz
1418:1 July
1413:Battle
1242:L'îlot
1204:L'îlot
1197:1916,
1157:L'îlot
1139:Albert
1104:Moritz
1055:. The
1002:Sambre
957:Amiens
825:Verdun
655:Étreux
601:Dinant
389:Morval
372:Ginchy
291:Mametz
276:Albert
158:
143:
119:Result
4656:Other
4449:Japan
4444:Italy
4271:camps
4115:Rugby
3665:]
2944:Japan
2939:Italy
2917:China
2811:North
1977:Books
1561:Notes
1392:Spoil
1236:183rd
1232:174th
1224:252nd
1220:185th
1216:179th
1212:178th
1081:Somme
869:Arras
852:Ancre
606:Namur
596:Liège
505:Y Sap
460:Ancre
4236:POWs
3555:1918
3457:1917
3383:1916
3284:1915
3188:1914
2993:Siam
2796:East
2524:ISBN
2505:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2432:2014
2421:OCLC
2401:2014
2388:ISBN
2365:ISBN
2344:2014
2319:2013
2299:2016
2273:2015
2246:2015
2213:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2181:2014
2168:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2088:OCLC
2078:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2037:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1961:2016
1931:2016
1396:tamp
1277:1916
1234:and
1222:and
1214:and
1170:1915
1133:1914
1110:Nord
1057:mine
1043:The
912:1918
874:Vimy
846:1917
779:1916
763:Loos
720:1915
697:Yser
633:Mons
580:1914
68:Date
23:and
1484:of
1386:).
1263:At
1107:28
4718::
3663:It
2330:.
2310:.
2283:.
2257:.
2237:.
2086:.
1947:.
1922:.
1767:^
1692:^
1675:^
1642:^
1627:^
1600:^
1458:.
45:,
4087:/
2592:e
2585:t
2578:v
2532:.
2513:.
2494:.
2475:.
2456:.
2373:.
2346:.
2321:.
2248:.
2221:.
2202:.
2183:.
2155:.
2113:.
2094:.
2064:.
2045:.
2000:.
1963:.
1933:.
1825:.
1813:.
1726:.
1687:.
1658:.
1069:(
561:e
554:t
547:v
250:e
243:t
236:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
