2480:
4920:
1810:
The verbal morphology is very complex, which is a typical feature of
Kiranti languages. The outline given here necessarily provides a simplified picture. The verbal morphology is predominantly represented by suffixes, but one prefix slot exists, that is filled with an underspecified nasal that codes
1510:
The absolutive marks subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. In some verb classes (in the sense of valency classes), objects are marked with a locative or an instrumental. The ergative marks the agents of transitive verbs except for first and second person pronouns, which are
987:
A typical feature of
Eastern Kiranti languages is the merger of voiced and voiceless obstruents, and Yakkha also exhibits this feature. Voicing occurs however optionally between vowels and after nasals. Unaspirated obstruents undergo this voicing rule more regularly than aspirated obstruents. Voiced
1061:
Yakkha has rich nominal and verbal morphology. Nouns inflect for case and number. Verbs inflect for person, number (singular, dual, plural/nonsingular), negation, several categories in the domain of tense, aspect and mood. In transitive verbs, both actor and undergoer are coreferenced on the verb.
488:
The consonants are shown in the table below. The voiced consonants in brackets have doubtful status. They are not phonemes, because no minimal pairs can be established. But they are also not motivated by a phonological rule. Furthermore, the voiced consonants occur only in a few words, and some of
389:. There are no centralized vowels as in other Kiranti languages. Variation between short and long vowels is possible, but this is not a phonemic contrast, because no minimal pairs can be found. Diphthongs such as
1017:
Several morphophonological processes operate in Yakkha, so that the underlying forms are not easy to establish. Many of these processes have to do with substitution by a nasal, e.g. in compound verbs like
2892:
2883:
1949:ɡʰak otʰokʌ tsi tsonʌnuŋʌ nuŋʌ toklaɡa juktʰambe wabanasolokʌ niŋʌwajokʌ nuŋʌ ikʌle ŋwamjaha. uŋʌtsi niŋʌwa nuŋʌ saɡʰu toksaŋʌnda janesaha saha ŋʌwamjaha nhaŋʌ eko hekonabe pʰununtsʰaɡa bebʰarʌ tsokmaha.
1876:. Both suffixes have their origin in grammaticalized lexical verbs ("do" and "be/exist" respectively). They occupy different slots in the verbal suffix template. The past is marked by the suffix
269:
of Nepal. About 14,000 people still speak the language, out of 17,003 ethnic Yakkha in Nepal. Genealogically, Yakkha belongs to the
Eastern Kiranti languages and is in one subgroup with several
1935:घाक ओथोक चि चोननुङ नुङ तोक्लागा युक्थाम्बे वामानासोलोक निङवायोक नुङ इकले ङ्वाम्याहा। उङचि निङवा नुङ साघु तोक्साङन्दा यानेसाहा साहा ङवाम्याहा न्हाङ एको हेकोनाबे फुनुन्छागा बेभार चोक्माहा।
1907:, and the imperative suffix is not overtly realised. The subjunctive mood has no dedicated marker, it is marked precisely by the absence of anything but the agreement morphology, e.g.
3391:
1511:
in the unmarked nominative. Examples for absolutive and ergative case (overt arguments are often omitted in natural discourse, but the examples contain them to illustrate the case):
1814:
Person and number of both actor and undergoer are indicated on the verb, and these affixes may differ according to the semantic role of their referent. For instance, the suffix
1841:
Another feature typical for
Kiranti verbal morphology is the copying of nasals into syllable codas in the suffix string of a finite verb. For instance, the negated form of
1959:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
2277:
2046:, UNESCO Kathmandu Series of Monographs and Working Papers: No 7, Kathmandu: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Kathmandu Office.
4883:
3134:
1911:"Shall we have tea?" (tea sip-3P-1A). The subjunctive mood also expresses warnings, suggestions and potential situations in some subordinate clause types.
3384:
1838:, e.g. the first person acting on the second is coded by '-nen' (i.e. "I understand/call/kiss etc. YOU"), supplemented by number suffixes if necessary.
1086:
of the addressee. The third person only has singular and nonsingular forms. The possessive pronouns have developed from the personal pronouns and the
5420:
3377:
2102:
1921:
5415:
5329:
879:
2270:
2176:
Tibeto-Burman family, Part I, General
Introduction, specimens of the Tibetan dialects, the Himalayan dialects and the North Assam group.
964:
1762:
The comitative marks the accompaniment by someone or something. Also adverbials and adverbial clauses can be built with the comitative.
2479:
1880:, which is often elided to avoid hiatus in underlying vowel sequences. The perfect tense is built by the addition of the suffixes
4876:
3127:
3004:
1941:
1925:
451:
215:
3412:
2263:
4763:
4282:
3586:
730:
4414:
3009:
2665:
5410:
3062:
788:
715:
458:
201:
2710:
2348:
5405:
4869:
3055:
2632:
803:
595:
430:
5400:
3120:
892:
579:
565:
472:
991:
Another feature of the Yakkha sound system is the change of proto */r/ and */R/ to /y/, e.g. the word for salt is
2955:
2402:
2323:
721:
2452:
3036:
2639:
1569:
601:
437:
225:
2700:
4507:
4152:
3234:
3030:
2816:
1834:, that stands for both agreement with first and second person plural (agent). Some relations are coded by a
611:
585:
571:
309:
82:
2783:
5314:
4945:
4778:
4403:
4186:
3606:
3076:
3069:
2849:
2286:
2220:
527:
390:
386:
262:
77:
3902:
2162:
The Yakkha verb: interpretation and analysis of the Omruwa material (a
Kiranti language of Eastern Nepal)
5319:
4535:
4394:
3804:
3766:
3360:
3019:
2969:
2525:
938:
868:
831:
817:
87:
261:. The Yakkha-speaking villages are located to the East of the Arun river, in the southern part of the
5334:
5216:
4750:
4741:
4311:
3998:
3944:
3568:
2831:
2677:
2623:
617:
1830:
only codes third person undergoer. There are syncretisms, for instance the already mentioned suffix
1030:"they (dual) like him". Other examples of morphophonological processes are the change of underlying
5324:
4668:
4492:
4329:
4195:
3953:
3615:
3330:
3239:
3014:
2604:
2431:
2362:
1022:"itch", the underlying verb stems are /sut/ and /ca/. To take an example from inflection, the verb
780:
755:
702:
685:
669:
653:
639:
532:
254:
5146:
5065:
4892:
4711:
3993:
3930:
3653:
3559:
2855:
2464:
2330:
2178:, Vol. III of Linguistic Survey of India, Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calcutta.
1576:. The instrumental is used to mark instruments in a broad sense, and also for temporal reference:
1399:
1119:
1095:
1075:
851:
522:
5279:
5264:
5239:
5098:
5073:
5027:
4977:
4954:
4831:
4826:
4649:
4629:
4619:
4364:
4339:
4256:
4223:
4172:
4074:
3920:
3814:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3576:
3520:
3320:
3315:
3300:
3269:
3264:
3143:
2963:
2923:
2901:
2866:
2860:
2825:
2763:
2757:
2737:
2531:
2519:
2502:
2410:
2356:
2336:
2108:
2098:
1819:
1565:
1499:
1124:
1106:, both meaning "my house". Sounds represented by /N/ in the table are underspecified nasals.
1006:
The rhotic is not found word-initially, but in clusters and in intervocalic position, as in
956:
554:
547:
537:
365:
343:
313:
282:
266:
93:
1098:
possessive pronouns. They can be used instead of the possessive pronouns, e.g. one could say
5375:
5370:
5365:
5355:
5350:
5274:
5202:
5136:
5116:
5040:
5002:
4992:
4972:
4967:
4841:
4791:
4768:
4758:
4588:
4578:
4565:
4497:
4464:
4449:
4434:
4243:
4233:
4167:
4147:
4126:
4111:
4098:
4079:
4069:
4038:
4003:
3862:
3852:
3839:
3726:
3683:
3596:
3581:
3489:
3479:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3254:
3244:
3188:
3178:
3173:
2984:
2944:
2914:
2888:
2838:
2796:
2705:
2682:
2575:
2562:
2555:
2512:
2437:
2300:
2224:
2201:
2081:
Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
1888:
to the past morpheme, and the past perfect tense is built by further addition of the suffix
1114:
517:
286:
278:
274:
5360:
5284:
5249:
5244:
5229:
5224:
5182:
5172:
5141:
5121:
5111:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5035:
5012:
4997:
4962:
4906:
4836:
4806:
4721:
4716:
4706:
4696:
4681:
4676:
4654:
4624:
4614:
4583:
4555:
4540:
4530:
4454:
4444:
4429:
4424:
4359:
4292:
4213:
4162:
4121:
4033:
3988:
3983:
3915:
3888:
3883:
3819:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3756:
3716:
3701:
3643:
3545:
3535:
3525:
3499:
3456:
3446:
3441:
3404:
3400:
3348:
3338:
3310:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3183:
2976:
2930:
2789:
2671:
2610:
2444:
2391:
2382:
2368:
1492:
1459:
1446:"What happened?". Reduplication of the pronouns may result in indefinite reference, e.g.
1038:
930:
811:
542:
490:
445:
357:
69:
5269:
5259:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5167:
5151:
5131:
5106:
5055:
4987:
4821:
4816:
4731:
4701:
4691:
4686:
4609:
4573:
4545:
4525:
4487:
4439:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4324:
4319:
4251:
4218:
4208:
4116:
4106:
4084:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3978:
3973:
3925:
3857:
3847:
3829:
3809:
3791:
3776:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3711:
3663:
3658:
3638:
3633:
3530:
3494:
3466:
3451:
3436:
3431:
3157:
3046:
3024:
2938:
2907:
2843:
2803:
2777:
2751:
2728:
2651:
2597:
2569:
2538:
2416:
2342:
369:
361:
347:
317:
270:
126:
2171:. In: Saxena, Anju: Himalayan Languages – past and present. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
2155:
The fall and rise of the phoneme /r/ in
Eastern Kiranti: sound change in Tibeto-Burman
193:
5394:
5306:
5289:
5192:
5126:
5050:
5045:
5007:
4982:
4846:
4811:
4796:
4786:
4593:
4550:
4517:
4459:
4354:
4349:
4334:
4297:
4287:
4261:
4228:
4203:
4157:
4131:
4064:
4059:
3968:
3910:
3867:
3731:
3721:
3706:
3693:
3648:
3628:
3623:
3591:
3504:
3484:
3423:
3343:
3259:
3249:
3213:
3193:
2770:
2692:
2458:
2423:
2375:
2183:
Yakkha Jatiko
Samskar ra Samskriti (Yakkha Indigenous People’s Tradition and Culture)
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1087:
910:
857:
837:
823:
761:
691:
675:
659:
645:
290:
4925:
4502:
4474:
4266:
4043:
3799:
3474:
3198:
2744:
2660:
2616:
2545:
988:
consonants that are not motivated by a phonological rule exist, but they are rare.
625:
294:
4482:
3090:
2305:
1835:
424:
412:
321:
206:
3369:
1066:
is found in the verbal morphology and in the possessive pronouns and prefixes.
4915:
3824:
2236:
Winter, Werner, Gerd
Hansson, Alfons Weidert and Bikram Ingwaba Subba (1996):
2126:
2026:
2021:
2012:
2007:
1998:
1993:
1984:
1979:
466:
417:
133:
17:
2112:
1903:"Come!" In transitive verbs with a third person patient, the overt suffix is
3105:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
3083:
2724:
2489:
2296:
2228:
1083:
1079:
1063:
1044:
assimilate in the place of articulation to the stem-initial consonant, e.g.
339:
325:
186:
146:
2214:
2192:. Kirant Yakkha Chumma (Indigenous Peoples Yakkha Organization), Kathmandu.
2251:
ELAR archive of
Documentation and grammatical description of Yakkha, Nepal
2185:. Kirat Yakkha Chumma (Indigenous Peoples Yakkha Organization), Kathmandu.
2092:
176:
169:
162:
153:
4801:
4344:
3736:
3540:
233:
221:
2255:
2059:, Kirant Yakkha Chumma, Indigenous Peoples Yakkha Organization, Sunsari.
308:
is spoken between Mugakhola and Sinuwakhola on the eastern banks of the
5234:
2585:
2205:
2164:. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 57, 347 – 355.
329:
229:
2250:
293:
perceive themselves as distinct from the other Kiranti groups such as
4861:
2498:
2313:
2157:. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, 83 – 86.
1041:
258:
46:
3112:
1641:
marks the possessed item in possessive constructions, and materials:
1352:
Yakkha marks non-singular on common nouns with the suffixing clitic
1078:, and the possessive pronouns additionally distinguish between the
5254:
2494:
2309:
250:
50:
5296:
1720:
The locative marks locations and goals of movement and transfer:
1617:
1589:
4865:
3373:
3116:
2259:
1733:
1691:
1654:
1377:
1373:
1920:
The following is a sample text in Yakkha, of Article 1 of the
1074:
Yakkha pronouns distinguish between singular, dual and plural
1826:
codes only (first and second person) agents, and the suffix
2042:
Toba, Sueyoshi, Ingrid Toba and Novel Kishore Rai (2005):
232:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2068:
Jimi, Indira, Visvakaji Kongren and Manita Jimi (2009):
1895:
As for mood, the imperative is also coded by the suffix
2072:, Siksa tatha Khelkud Mantralaya, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur.
1438:
will be used, but if an event is in question, the root
1414:"what" (if many items or uncountables are asked for),
2057:
Yakkha Ce’ya Sikla – Prarambhik Yakkha Sabda Samgraha
5343:
5305:
5215:
5160:
5097:
5064:
5026:
4953:
4944:
4935:
4899:
4777:
4749:
4740:
4667:
4642:
4602:
4564:
4516:
4473:
4413:
4402:
4393:
4310:
4275:
4242:
4194:
4185:
4140:
4097:
4052:
3961:
3952:
3943:
3901:
3876:
3838:
3790:
3692:
3614:
3605:
3567:
3558:
3513:
3465:
3422:
3411:
3329:
3278:
3227:
3166:
3150:
3045:
2997:
2954:
2882:
2815:
2723:
2691:
2649:
2584:
2487:
2401:
2294:
1924:, with a transliteration (IAST) and transcription (
493:loans. Examples with initial voiced consonants are
200:
184:
144:
139:
123:
66:
56:
42:
32:
2238:A Synoptic Glossary of Athpare, Belhare and Yakkha
2044:Diversity and Endangerment of Languages in Nepal
2055:Linkha, Magman and Bam Dewan (2005 (VS 2064)):
1868:As for tense, the nonpast is overtly marked by
1818:codes second person ("you"), regardless of the
1400:interrogative pronouns and other interrogatives
2219:. Studies in Diversity Linguistics 7. Berlin:
4877:
3385:
3128:
2271:
2127:"Yakkha language, alphabet and pronunciation"
8:
338:is spoken above the Mugakhola headwaters in
4950:
4941:
4884:
4870:
4862:
4746:
4410:
4399:
4191:
3958:
3949:
3611:
3564:
3419:
3392:
3378:
3370:
3135:
3121:
3113:
2951:
2812:
2646:
2398:
2278:
2264:
2256:
1800:"sour" (in adverbial use, e.g. taste sour)
180: – Lumba-Yakkha (duplicate code)
29:
27:Kiranti language spoken in Nepal and India
1434:"when". If a certain item is asked for,
1356:. There is no overt marking of singular.
173: – Phangduwali (duplicate code)
166: – Lambichhong (duplicate code)
2233:- published and revised from 2014 thesis
1442:occurs without further morphology, e.g.
1108:
1094:. The possessive prefixes obviously are
511:
403:
2097:. Language Science Press. p. 122.
1969:
1811:either third person plural or negation.
1394:Interrogatives and indefinite reference
226:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1034:to (meaning "in order to hunt fish").
1975:
1973:
1922:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1845:"we (dual, excl) understand them" is
397:"steep descent", or the interjection
7:
2200:(phd thesis). University of Zurich.
1568:, there is an ergative-instrumental
320:, Nepal, in the villages (VDC's) of
393:can be found in some words such as
249:) is a language spoken in parts of
1458:Yakkha distinguishes the unmarked
25:
963:
937:
909:
891:
878:
856:
850:
836:
830:
822:
816:
802:
787:
760:
754:
729:
720:
714:
690:
684:
674:
668:
658:
652:
644:
638:
624:
616:
610:
600:
594:
584:
578:
570:
564:
471:
457:
450:
436:
429:
4918:
2478:
2190:Yakkha–Nepali–English Dictionary
1757:"(There is) beer in a/the bowl."
265:and in the northern part of the
5421:Languages written in Devanagari
5330:Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language
999:in Puma (Central Kiranti), and
1572:, as both cases are marked by
1:
2022:Lumba-Yakkha (duplicate code)
245:(also erroneously spelled as
2174:Grierson, George A. (1909):
2008:Phangduwali (duplicate code)
1994:Lambichhong (duplicate code)
1861:, where the negation marker
5416:Languages of Koshi Province
1932:Yakkha in Devanagari Script
385:Yakkha has the five vowels
5437:
2167:Driem, George van (2004):
2160:Driem, George van (1994):
2153:Driem, George van (1990),
1604:"with/by means of a stone"
1003:in Dumi (Western Kiranti).
289:. Ethnically however, the
4913:
3357:
3100:
2476:
2240:. Lincom Europa, München.
1954:Translation (grammatical)
1398:Yakkha has the following
1325:
1305:
1302:
1282:
1262:
1242:
1239:
1196:
1153:
1133:
1130:
1111:
955:
929:
867:
810:
779:
701:
553:
514:
301:Geographical distribution
212:
62:20,000 (2011 census)
37:
2213:Schackow, Diana (2015).
2196:Schackow, Diana (2014).
2188:Kongren, Ramji (2007b):
2181:Kongren, Ramji (2007a):
2091:Schackow, Diana (2015).
1865:is copied several times.
1637:The genitive, marked by
2229:10.17169/langsci.b66.12
2169:Newaric and Mahakiranti
2032:(subscription required)
2018:(subscription required)
2004:(subscription required)
1990:(subscription required)
5315:Ghandruk Sign Language
2221:Language Science Press
1892:to this suffix string.
405:Yakkha vowel phonemes
263:Sankhuwasabha district
214:This article contains
5320:Jhankot Sign Language
3361:Mahakiranti languages
3005:Central Tibeto-Burman
5335:Nepali Sign Language
4764:Bishnupriya Manipuri
3587:Bishnupriya Manipuri
2070:Engka Yakkha Cheptap
1843:tum-me-ŋ-c-u-ŋ-ci-ŋa
1836:portmanteau morpheme
1559:"he understands him"
1389:"at/to all the dogs"
1026:"like" is inflected
5411:Languages of Sikkim
5325:Jumla Sign Language
3063:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
2216:A Grammar of Yakkha
2198:A grammar of Yakkha
2094:A grammar of Yakkha
1822:, while the suffix
1675:I-GEN (prefix-)name
1064:inclusive/exclusive
406:
255:Darjeeling district
5406:Languages of Nepal
4893:Languages of Nepal
3056:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
2998:Proposed groupings
2206:10.5167/uzh-109528
1120:Possessive pronoun
1048:"your-house", but
497:(an insect/worm),
404:
5401:Kiranti languages
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5211:
5210:
4900:Official language
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4663:
4662:
4638:
4637:
4306:
4305:
4181:
4180:
4093:
4092:
3939:
3938:
3897:
3896:
3554:
3553:
3367:
3366:
3144:Kiranti languages
3110:
3109:
2993:
2992:
2878:
2877:
2719:
2718:
2474:
2473:
2104:978-3-946234-11-1
2030:(18th ed., 2015)
2016:(18th ed., 2015)
2002:(18th ed., 2015)
1988:(18th ed., 2015)
1805:Verbal morphology
1566:Kiranti languages
1564:As in many other
1383:ghak kucuma=ci=be
1345:
1344:
1125:Possessive prefix
981:
980:
906:
875:
749:
709:
635:
561:
481:
480:
366:Dhankuta District
344:Dhankuta District
314:Dhankuta District
267:Dhankuta district
240:
239:
222:rendering support
218:phonetic symbols.
159:Individual codes:
16:(Redirected from
5428:
4951:
4942:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4863:
4747:
4411:
4400:
4192:
3959:
3950:
3612:
3565:
3420:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3371:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3114:
2952:
2813:
2647:
2482:
2399:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2232:
2209:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2019:
2005:
1991:
1977:
1735:
1693:
1656:
1619:
1591:
1379:
1375:
1115:Personal pronoun
1109:
1062:The category of
967:
941:
913:
904:
895:
882:
873:
860:
854:
840:
834:
826:
820:
806:
791:
764:
758:
747:
733:
724:
718:
707:
694:
688:
678:
672:
662:
656:
648:
642:
633:
628:
620:
614:
604:
598:
588:
582:
574:
568:
559:
512:
475:
461:
454:
440:
433:
407:
392:
388:
364:VDC's, northern
273:languages, e.g.
196:
179:
172:
165:
157:– inclusive code
156:
149:
129:
72:
30:
21:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5380:
5339:
5301:
5207:
5156:
5093:
5060:
5022:
4937:
4931:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4895:
4890:
4860:
4851:
4773:
4736:
4659:
4655:Nagamese creole
4634:
4598:
4560:
4512:
4469:
4416:
4405:
4389:
4302:
4271:
4238:
4177:
4136:
4089:
4048:
3935:
3893:
3872:
3834:
3786:
3688:
3601:
3550:
3509:
3461:
3414:
3407:
3405:Northeast India
3398:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3325:
3274:
3223:
3162:
3146:
3141:
3111:
3106:
3096:
3047:Proto-languages
3041:
2989:
2956:Greater Siangic
2950:
2887:
2874:
2811:
2715:
2687:
2645:
2589:
2580:
2492:
2483:
2470:
2403:Greater Magaric
2397:
2324:West Himalayish
2304:
2290:
2284:
2247:
2212:
2195:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2006:
2003:
1992:
1989:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1940:Transcription (
1918:
1807:
1802:
1792:
1783:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1737:
1717:
1703:
1695:
1680:
1666:
1658:
1634:
1621:
1606:
1593:
1561:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1493:comitative case
1460:absolutive case
1456:
1396:
1391:
1381:
1366:
1350:
1096:grammaticalised
1072:
1059:
1037:Underspecified
995:in Yakkha, but
486:
383:
378:
358:Arkhaule Jitpur
303:
220:Without proper
192:
175:
174:
168:
167:
161:
160:
158:
152:
145:
130:
125:
119:
73:
70:Language family
68:
59:
58:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5434:
5432:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5393:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5070:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4408:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3409:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3037:Tibeto-Kanauri
3034:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3010:Kuki-Chin–Naga
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2960:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2898:
2896:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2858:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2821:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2729:Southeast Asia
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2666:Angami–Pochuri
2663:
2657:
2655:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2608:
2601:
2593:
2591:
2590:Burmese border
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2508:
2506:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2360:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2245:External links
2243:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2210:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2118:
2103:
2083:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2035:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:ciya hops-u-m?
1893:
1866:
1839:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1785:
1784:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1738:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1715:"wooden stool"
1712:wood-GEN stool
1696:
1682:
1681:
1659:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1608:
1607:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1455:
1452:
1395:
1392:
1386:all dog=PL=LOC
1367:
1359:
1358:
1349:
1348:Plural marking
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1071:
1068:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1035:
1015:
1004:
989:
979:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
961:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
935:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
889:
887:
885:
883:
876:
871:
865:
864:
862:
848:
846:
844:
842:
828:
814:
808:
807:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
785:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
752:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
726:
712:
710:
705:
699:
698:
696:
682:
680:
666:
664:
650:
636:
630:
629:
622:
608:
606:
592:
590:
576:
562:
557:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
485:
482:
479:
478:
476:
469:
463:
462:
455:
448:
442:
441:
434:
427:
421:
420:
415:
410:
382:
379:
377:
374:
370:Province No. 1
362:Marek Katahare
348:Province No. 1
318:Province No. 1
302:
299:
238:
237:
224:, you may see
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
190:
182:
181:
150:
142:
141:
140:Language codes
137:
136:
131:
127:Writing system
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
108:
107:
101:Greater Yakkha
76:
74:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
53:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
18:Yakha language
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5433:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5307:Sign language
5304:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4934:
4927:
4916:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Haflong Hindi
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:Proto-Karenic
3074:
3072:
3071:
3070:Proto-Loloish
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:Tibeto-Burman
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2817:Burmo-Qiangic
2814:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2711:Jingpho–Luish
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2349:Baram–Thangmi
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1820:semantic role
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:bowl-LOC beer
1752:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:(prefix-)name
1662:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:this-time-INS
1627:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1450:"some time".
1449:
1448:hetniŋ hetniŋ
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:sapthaŋmecuna
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
985:
984:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
966:
962:
960:
958:
954:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
940:
936:
934:
932:
928:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
912:
908:
903:
902:
899:
897:
894:
890:
888:
886:
884:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
863:
859:
853:
849:
847:
845:
843:
839:
833:
829:
825:
819:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
790:
786:
784:
782:
778:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
763:
757:
753:
751:
746:
745:
742:
740:
738:
736:
732:
727:
723:
717:
713:
711:
706:
704:
700:
697:
693:
687:
683:
681:
677:
671:
667:
665:
661:
655:
651:
647:
641:
637:
632:
631:
627:
623:
619:
613:
609:
607:
603:
597:
593:
591:
587:
581:
577:
573:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
483:
477:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
435:
432:
428:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
408:
402:
400:
396:
380:
375:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:is spoken in
355:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
291:Yakkha people
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
217:
211:
208:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
189:
188:
183:
178:
171:
164:
155:
151:
148:
143:
138:
135:
132:
128:
122:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:Tibeto-Burman
81:
80:
79:
75:
71:
65:
61:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5017:
4946:Sino-Tibetan
4926:Nepal portal
4779:Sino-Tibetan
4726:
4536:Khiamniungan
3805:Bangni-Tagin
3607:Sino-Tibetan
3285:
3102:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3029:
2975:
2968:
2943:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2865:
2850:Lolo-Burmese
2848:
2824:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2670:
2638:
2631:
2622:
2615:
2603:
2596:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2518:
2511:
2463:
2457:
2443:
2436:
2422:
2415:
2390:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2355:
2341:
2329:
2322:
2287:Sino-Tibetan
2237:
2215:
2197:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2148:Bibliography
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2121:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2056:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2025:
2011:
1997:
1983:
1919:
1908:
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1896:
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1877:
1873:
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1862:
1856:
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1596:
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1573:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1547:
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1536:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1503:
1500:instrumental
1495:
1488:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1457:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1371:
1369:kucuma=ci=be
1368:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1326:nonsingular
1319:
1314:
1309:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1256:
1251:
1246:
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1208:
1203:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1073:
1060:
1052:"your-song".
1049:
1045:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1010:"black" and
1007:
1000:
996:
992:
982:
528:Postalveolar
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
398:
394:
384:
354:Lumba-Yakkha
353:
352:
335:
334:
305:
304:
246:
242:
241:
213:
185:
104:
78:Sino-Tibetan
3091:Proto-Hakka
3020:Mahakiranti
2526:East Bodish
2306:Uttarakhand
1916:Sample text
1632:"thesedays"
1623:khiŋ-belaʔ-
1610:khiŋ-belaʔ-
1556:uŋ tundwana
1526:ka khemeŋna
1454:Case system
1303:3rd person
1240:2nd person
1131:1st person
874:unaspirated
869:Approximant
708:unaspirated
560:unaspirated
401:"Enough!".
336:Phangduwali
228:instead of
88:Mahakiranti
5395:Categories
5217:Indo-Aryan
4936:Indigenous
4751:Indo-Aryan
4508:Yimchungrü
4493:Mongsen Ao
4330:Hakha Chin
3569:Indo-Aryan
3359:see also:
3240:Nachhiring
2985:Idu–Taraon
2939:Miju–Meyor
2832:Gyalrongic
2678:Tangkhulic
2453:Raji–Raute
2136:2023-11-09
2027:Ethnologue
2013:Ethnologue
1999:Ethnologue
1985:Ethnologue
1964:References
1781:"with you"
1616:this-time-
1570:syncretism
1498:, and the
1057:Morphology
505:"really",
484:Consonants
310:Arun River
134:Devanagari
5147:Sikkimese
4938:languages
4712:Sikkimese
4196:Kuki-Chin
4187:Meghalaya
3994:Hrangkhol
3954:Kuki-Chin
3931:Tai Phake
3926:Tai Aiton
3815:Hill Miri
3654:Hrangkhol
3616:Kuki-Chin
3577:Assamese
3413:Arunachal
3401:Languages
3331:Dhimalish
3084:Proto-Min
3015:Macro-Bai
2893:Arunachal
2886:(possible
2701:Boro–Garo
2605:Kuki-Chin
2588:and Indo-
2503:Arunachal
2490:Himalayas
2465:Tandrange
2432:Chepangic
2363:Dhimalish
2297:Himalayas
2113:945783299
1847:n-dum-me-
1678:"my name"
1601:stone-INS
1595:luŋkhwak-
1582:luŋkhwak-
1430:"where",
1418:"which",
1306:singular
1243:singular
1134:singular
1084:exclusion
1080:inclusion
1024:sapthakma
905:aspirated
781:Fricative
748:aspirated
703:Affricate
634:aspirated
533:Retroflex
509:"stick".
489:them are
446:Close-mid
376:Phonology
372:, Nepal.
350:, Nepal.
340:Pakhribas
326:Pakhribas
187:Glottolog
147:ISO 639-3
5280:Rangpuri
5265:Maithili
5240:Bhojpuri
5074:Chantyal
5066:Tamangic
4978:Chamling
4832:Tangkhul
4827:Ranglong
4802:Kokborok
4650:Assamese
4630:Tangkhul
4395:Nagaland
4365:Ranglong
4345:Kokborok
4257:Lyngngam
4173:Tangkhul
4075:Sakachep
3962:Northern
3921:Khamyang
3737:Kokborok
3679:Sakachep
3674:Saihriem
3669:Ranglong
3541:Nefamese
3521:Assamese
3321:Mewahang
3316:Lohorung
3301:Chintang
3270:Dungmali
3265:Chamling
2889:isolates
2856:Mondzish
2784:Cai–Long
2532:Tshangla
2488:Eastern
2331:Tamangic
2301:Himachal
2295:Western
2289:branches
2131:Omniglot
1548:tundwana
1522:khemeŋna
1491:and the
1485:ablative
1478:locative
1471:genitive
1464:ergative
1444:i leksa?
1410:"what",
1100:akka paŋ
1088:genitive
1082:and the
1070:Pronouns
1042:prefixes
1014:"start".
1008:makhruna
523:Alveolar
283:Chintang
234:Help:IPA
194:yakk1236
5376:Santali
5371:Mundari
5366:Majhwar
5356:Kusunda
5351:English
5290:Kochila
5275:Marwari
5235:Bajjika
5203:Thangmi
5117:Kyirong
5099:Tibetic
5041:Chepang
5028:Magaric
5003:Thulung
4993:Sampang
4973:Belhare
4968:Bantawa
4955:Kiranti
4842:Vaiphei
4792:Darlong
4769:Sylheti
4759:Bengali
4742:Tripura
4717:Sunwar
4682:Lepcha
4589:Rongmei
4579:Lamkang
4498:Sangtam
4465:Sopvoma
4450:Pochuri
4435:Kuzhami
4417:Pochuri
4415:Angami-
4406:Tibetan
4312:Mizoram
4234:Vaiphei
4168:Sopvoma
4148:Chairel
4127:Rongmei
4112:Khoirao
4080:Sorbung
4070:Monsang
4039:Vaiphei
4004:Lamkang
3945:Manipur
3903:Kra-Dai
3863:Rongmei
3853:Khoirao
3757:Singpho
3727:Kachari
3684:Vaiphei
3597:Sylheti
3582:Bengali
3490:Gallong
3480:Apatani
3442:Singpho
3415:Pradesh
3306:Chulung
3296:Athpare
3291:Belhare
3279:Eastern
3255:Bantawa
3245:Sampang
3228:Central
3189:Khaling
3179:Wambule
3174:Thulung
3167:Western
3103:Italics
2964:Siangic
2945:Songlin
2924:Kho-Bwa
2902:Hrusish
2884:Dubious
2867:Loloish
2861:Burmish
2826:Qiangic
2797:Longjia
2764:Karenic
2758:Nungish
2738:Sinitic
2624:Hkongso
2586:Myanmar
2556:Gongduk
2520:Tibetic
2438:Chepang
2411:Magaric
2357:Kiranti
2337:Newaric
1899:, e.g.
1855:-ci-ŋa-
1816:-ka/-ga
1747:khorek-
1726:khorek-
1709:saŋghoŋ
1698:saŋghoŋ
1639:-ka/-ga
1481:-pe/-be
1474:-ka/-ga
1426:"why",
1422:"how",
1406:"who",
1283:plural
1197:plural
1186:enciŋga
1166:anciŋga
1090:marker
1020:suncama
1012:tarokma
983:Notes:
957:Lateral
555:Plosive
548:Glottal
538:Palatal
501:"all",
395:uimalaŋ
330:Phalate
287:Chulung
279:Athpare
275:Belhare
230:Unicode
98:Eastern
94:Kiranti
5361:Kurukh
5250:Doteli
5245:Danwar
5230:Awadhi
5225:Angika
5183:Lepcha
5173:Dhimal
5142:Sherpa
5127:Mugomt
5122:Lepcha
5112:Kagate
5089:Tamang
5084:Manang
5079:Gurung
5036:Bhujel
5018:Yakkha
5013:Waling
4998:Sunwar
4963:Bahing
4907:Nepali
4837:Thadou
4807:Meitei
4727:Yakkha
4722:Tamang
4707:Sherpa
4702:Newar
4697:Nepali
4687:Limbu
4677:Gurung
4669:Sikkim
4625:Makury
4620:Khelma
4615:Chothe
4584:Mzieme
4556:Wancho
4541:Konyak
4531:Dimasa
4455:Rengma
4445:Ntenyi
4430:Chokri
4425:Angami
4360:Nga La
4340:Khelma
4293:Hajong
4244:Khasic
4224:Khelma
4214:Gangte
4163:Meitei
4153:Maring
4122:Puimei
4034:Thadou
3989:Gangte
3984:Chothe
3916:Khamti
3889:Meitei
3884:Hajong
3820:Mising
3782:Wancho
3772:Turung
3762:Tangsa
3717:Dimasa
3702:Barman
3644:Gangte
3546:Puimei
3536:Milang
3526:Hajong
3500:Tangam
3457:Wancho
3447:Tangsa
3349:Lhokpu
3339:Dhimal
3311:Yamphu
3286:Yakkha
3235:Kulung
3219:Tilung
3209:Sunwar
3204:Bahing
3184:Jerung
2977:Milang
2931:Puroik
2915:Mijiic
2839:Ersuic
2790:Caijia
2706:Konyak
2672:Meitei
2576:Chamdo
2513:Bodish
2499:Bhutan
2445:Bhujel
2392:Lepcha
2383:Lhokpu
2369:Dhimal
2314:Sikkim
2111:
2101:
1980:Yakkha
1588:stone-
1529:"I go"
1483:, the
1476:, the
1469:, the
1462:, the
1432:hetniŋ
1335:uŋciga
1292:nniŋga
1287:nniŋda
1272:njiŋga
1267:njiŋda
1209:aniŋga
1191:enciŋ-
1181:kanciŋ
1171:anciŋ-
1161:kanciŋ
1076:number
1050:n-chem
518:Labial
507:ɖaŋgak
495:gogoba
491:Nepali
381:Vowels
328:, and
306:Mugali
259:Sikkim
243:Yakkha
105:Yakkha
47:Sikkim
43:Region
38:याक्खा
33:Yakkha
5344:Other
5285:Tharu
5270:Majhi
5260:Jumli
5255:Hindi
5198:Raute
5188:Newar
5178:Kaike
5168:Baram
5161:Other
5152:Yolmo
5137:Nubri
5132:Naapa
5107:Jirel
5056:Magar
4988:Limbu
4822:Ralte
4817:Paite
4732:Yolmo
4692:Magar
4643:Other
4610:Chiru
4603:Other
4574:Inpui
4546:Nocte
4526:Chang
4488:Lotha
4440:Moyon
4404:Sino-
4385:Zyphe
4380:Tedim
4375:Ralte
4370:Paite
4325:Falam
4320:Biate
4283:Atong
4276:Other
4252:Khasi
4219:Karbi
4209:Biate
4141:Other
4117:Maram
4107:Inpui
4085:Tarao
4053:Other
4029:Simte
4024:Ralte
4019:Purum
4014:Paite
4009:Moyon
3979:Chiru
3974:Biate
3877:Other
3858:Maram
3848:Inpui
3830:Nishi
3810:Bokar
3777:Tutsa
3752:Rabha
3747:Nocte
3742:Moran
3712:Deori
3664:Paite
3659:Karbi
3639:Chiru
3634:Biate
3560:Assam
3531:Karbi
3514:Other
3495:Nishi
3452:Tutsa
3437:Nocte
3432:Deori
3158:Limbu
3151:Limbu
2908:Hruso
2804:Luren
2778:Kathu
2752:Tujia
2640:Taman
2611:Mruic
2598:Karbi
2539:Basum
2495:Tibet
2417:Magar
2343:Newar
2310:Nepal
1851:-c-u-
1794:suha-
1787:suha-
1732:bowl-
1701:stool
1690:wood-
1502:case
1489:-bhaŋ
1487:case
1428:hetne
1416:hetna
1408:i/ina
1340:uŋci-
1297:nniŋ-
1277:njiŋ-
1263:dual
1224:kaniŋ
1220:incl
1214:aniŋ-
1204:kaniŋ
1200:excl
1177:incl
1157:excl
1154:dual
1104:a-paŋ
1046:m-baŋ
1039:Nasal
1032:et-se
931:Trill
812:Nasal
543:Velar
503:jeppa
425:Close
413:Front
342:VDC,
295:Limbu
271:Limbu
251:Nepal
247:Yakha
207:Yakha
51:Nepal
5297:Urdu
5193:Raji
5051:Kham
5046:Dura
5008:Vayu
4983:Dumi
4847:Zeme
4812:Mizo
4797:Koch
4787:Bawm
4594:Zeme
4566:Zeme
4551:Phom
4460:Sema
4355:Mizo
4350:Mara
4335:Hmar
4298:Koch
4288:Garo
4262:Pnar
4229:Mizo
4204:Amri
4158:Uipo
4132:Zeme
4099:Zeme
4065:Mizo
4060:Hmar
3969:Anal
3911:Ahom
3868:Zeme
3840:Zeme
3792:Tani
3767:Tiwa
3732:Koch
3722:Garo
3707:Bodo
3649:Hmar
3629:Bawm
3624:Amri
3505:Yano
3485:Bori
3467:Tani
3344:Toto
3260:Puma
3250:Saam
3214:Vayu
3194:Dumi
3025:Rung
2970:Koro
2844:Naic
2771:Gong
2727:and
2725:East
2683:Zeme
2652:Naga
2570:Tani
2563:ʼOle
2459:Dura
2424:Kham
2376:Toto
2109:OCLC
2099:ISBN
1901:ab-a
1886:-uks
1870:-meʔ
1775:nda-
1768:nda-
1751:cuwa
1743:beer
1740:cuwa
1705:siŋ-
1684:siŋ-
1496:-nuŋ
1424:ijaŋ
1420:imin
1372:dog=
1361:ghak
1330:uŋci
1315:ukka
1229:eŋga
1143:akka
762:d͡zʱ
756:t͡sʰ
499:gʱak
467:Open
418:Back
399:hoiʔ
387:,,,,
360:and
322:Muga
285:and
257:and
4518:Sal
4503:Wui
4267:War
4044:Zou
3999:Kom
3800:Adi
3694:Sal
3475:Adi
3424:Sal
3403:of
3199:Koi
2891:) (
2745:Bai
2693:Sal
2633:Pyu
2617:Mru
2546:Nam
2225:doi
2202:doi
2024:at
2010:at
1996:at
1982:at
1942:IPA
1928:).
1926:IPA
1890:-sa
1884:or
1882:-ma
1874:-wa
1872:or
1859:-na
1796:nuŋ
1789:nuŋ
1777:nuŋ
1770:nuŋ
1734:LOC
1692:GEN
1672:niŋ
1668:ak-
1661:niŋ
1655:GEN
1647:ak-
1618:INS
1590:INS
1574:-ŋa
1552:uŋ-
1535:uŋ-
1504:-ŋa
1467:-ŋa
1436:ina
1412:iya
1404:isa
1378:LOC
1364:all
1354:=ci
1252:ŋga
1247:nda
1234:eN-
1102:or
1092:-ka
1001:rɨm
997:rum
993:yum
731:d͡ʒ
722:d͡z
716:t͡s
312:in
297:.
216:IPA
202:ELP
177:luu
170:phw
163:lmh
154:ybh
90:(?)
5397::
4483:Ao
4475:Ao
3825:Na
2661:Ao
2501:,
2497:,
2312:,
2308:,
2223:.
2129:.
2107:.
1972:^
1905:-u
1897:-a
1878:-a
1863:-n
1832:-m
1828:-u
1824:-m
1749:pe
1728:pe
1707:ga
1686:ga
1670:ka
1653:I-
1649:ka
1625:ŋa
1612:ŋa
1597:ŋa
1584:ŋa
1554:ŋa
1543:uŋ
1537:ŋa
1517:ka
1506:.
1402::
1374:PL
1320:u-
1310:uŋ
1257:N-
1148:a-
1138:ka
911:wʱ
861:)
858:ŋʱ
841:)
838:nʱ
827:)
824:mʱ
765:)
734:)
725:)
695:)
692:ɡʱ
686:kʰ
679:)
676:ɖʱ
670:ʈʰ
663:)
660:dʱ
654:tʰ
649:)
646:bʱ
640:pʰ
621:)
605:)
589:)
575:)
391:,,
368:,
346:,
332:.
324:,
316:,
281:,
277:,
253:,
49:,
4885:e
4878:t
4871:v
3393:e
3386:t
3379:v
3136:e
3129:t
3122:v
2895:)
2654:"
2650:"
2549:?
2505:)
2493:(
2462:–
2316:)
2303:,
2299:(
2279:e
2272:t
2265:v
2231:.
2227::
2208:.
2204::
2139:.
2115:.
1944:)
1857:n
1853:n
1849:n
1440:i
1376:=
965:l
939:r
893:j
880:w
855:(
852:ŋ
835:(
832:n
821:(
818:m
804:h
789:s
759:(
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673:(
657:(
643:(
626:ʔ
618:ɡ
615:(
612:k
602:ɖ
599:(
596:ʈ
586:d
583:(
580:t
572:b
569:(
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473:a
459:o
452:e
438:u
431:i
236:.
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