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Tom Foley's in
Chicago of Maurice Daly's in New York, and he knew all the billiard players and big and little room keepers from coast to coast. When the history of billiards is written and the names of Willie Hoppe, old and young Jake Schaefer and Welker Cochran are included with others of the great exponents of the indoor sport, there will be a distinct division for one man—the man who did the impossible, who could make the ivories travel the wrong way, or, in the language of the billiard realm, "make 'em talk all languages." That man is Frank B. Adams, known the world over as "Yank" Adams, at one time and even now the world's only finger billiardist who can make all the apparently impossible shots on the table without the aid of a cue. Adams is 76 years old, and after fifty years of exhibitions all over the world has retired from active work to live in the Bronx and conduct a billiard academy of his own at Burnside and Creston avenues in New York with his business manager for the last ten years, Samuel Polakoff. Yank now lives at 635 West 136th street In New York. When I told Tom Foley, the daddy of all the roomkeepers, that Yank Adams was back in the business he laughed and said: "I thought Yank had cashed in. But he's like all those billiard players. They never die."
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mentioned the wonderful "bottle" shot with which last evening's exhibition was brought to a close. Two soda-water bottles were placed at the head of the left-hand rail, about a foot apart, a red ball being placed in the mouth of each bottle. A white ball was next placed against the right-hand rail, directly opposite the lower bottle. Everything being in readiness, Adams then took the remaining white ball in his hand, and masseing upon the ball in the mouth of the upper bottle, jumped his ball to the ball in the mouth of the other bottle, whence, falling upon the table it was carried by a reverse "English" to the middle of the top rail, whence it glided with unerring accuracy to the right-hand rail and caromed upon the first-mentioned white ball, its successful execution being greeted with great applause.
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over, with two cushions and counting, going under hats and in between them, cutting the letter S and making the carom, jump shots, masses and hundreds of others too complicated to put in type. Mr. A.M. Doherty played a game with the exhibitor, and at twenty-eight points left the balls in a scattered position, which were gathered at one shot by Mr. Adams, who made fifty shots in sixty seconds. What seemed his most difficult shot was that of placing fifteen balls in a line, and a piece of chalk on the last ball. The hand ball was then dropped a distance of two feet, described a semi-circle, making a carom on all of the balls and freezing against the last ball. Adams' finger shots discount
Schaeffer, Slosson and J. Carter combined.
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345:, who had astonished spectators with an exhibition held on September 20, 1875, before which the game was little known in the United States. In France and England, Izar was considered the game's champion player. The night before his 1878 exhibition, Adams received a telegram in which Izar challenged him to play for the championship and named Chicago as the venue for contest. Adams replied that he was unwilling to leave New York at that time, but that he would pay Izar's expenses to travel to New York. Adams later issued the following statement to newspapers:
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219:, then the "dean of billiards". Daly listened to Adams' story, and said that he was not aware that any startling shots could be accomplished using only the hands. Daly offered Adams a set of four balls, and sat down to watch Adams. After 12 shots, Daly became greatly interested, often asking Adams to repeat shots. At the end of the performance, Daly told Adams that if he ever entertained any idea of entering the billiards field he would give Adams an engagement at his room.
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112:, often by twisting the ball between one's thumb and middle finger. Adams, who was sometimes billed as the "Digital Billiard Wonder", has been called the "greatest of all digit billiards players", and the "champion digital billiardist of the World." George F. Slosson, a top billiards player of Adams' era, named him the "greatest exhibition player who ever lived." Adams' exhibitions drew audiences of 1,000 or more, leaving standing room only, even in small venues.
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their purpose a derogation of my skill. That this may be checked, and summarily, I would state that I am willing to play Mons. Izar a match game for $ 500 a side, in New York City, Boston or
Chicago, on a 5x10 table, full size balls and Collender cushion; the championship and gate money to be awarded the player showing the greatest variety of shots in connection with accuracy, and in all giving the most interesting exhibition of finger billiards.
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512:, New York, and that he was "at his best and made some exceptionally brilliant shots in the presence of 300 lovers of the game. While at the table he kept up a continuous humorous monologue to the great pleasure of his audience." In 1919, when Adans was 71, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle reported that he gave an exhibition before a large audience at Lawler Brothers Billiard Academy of Brooklyn.
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to bowl at; Adams made the shot easily. This started Adams' career as a finger billiard expert. In the next town he traveled to, he hired a table, performed the same stunts with the balls, and added a few new shots. For three months after that Adams practiced various shots each day, and some of the shots he developed during that time became part of his regular exhibition repertoire.
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157:, which led to him being nicknamed "Yank" later in life. From a young age, he exhibited the substantial hand strength required for finger billiards. When he was less than a year old, he could hurt his mother with his grip; she gave him chunks of bread to squeeze instead. Adams was large for his age, and in 1863, he disguised his youth, and joined the
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367:. The match pitted Adams' finger billiards against Sexton using a cue, for a purse of $ 500. The audience was one of the largest that had ever witnessed a billiards game. The terms of the contest stated that on each day of the match, Adams was required to score 2,000 points, while Sexton needed only 1,000.
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Adams' chief professional rivalry in later years was with Louis Shaw. In 1891 Adams and Shaw disagreed about the format of the finger billiards championship which they would both contest that year. Adams wanted the match to be played for a $ 500 stake, while Shaw wanted the receipts to be donated to
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billiards shots. He engaged a manager and began to give performances, his first was at an engagement in New York City. Later, Adams traveled extensively, giving exhibitions and taking on challengers in cities across the United States and some in Europe. During his travels, Adams performed before the
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translated to the playing of billiards. One day when he was 25 years old, he picked up some billiard balls and began to "bowl" on the table and soon discovered he could manipulate the balls with great accuracy in this manner. Largely self-taught, Adams thereafter amassed a large repertoire of finger
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I have never intended to play a public match in my line, having never arrogated to myself a superiority above other hand billiard players, although I have deemed myself the equal of any one living in my line, not excepting Mons. Izar, by whom continually letters are written, whose contents have for
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hotel, he strolled into a billiard room, took six pool balls over to a billiard table, and commenced to "bowl". The attention of everyone in the room was attracted by the manner in which Adams made the ball travel. One man asked for the privilege of placing the balls in a certain position for Adams
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A derby hat is placed on the table, under which is a ball. One foot from the hat are two balls a foot apart, which he carroms on, the hand ball continues striking the rim of the hat, forces it up, and goes under making the stroke on the third ball, then returns from under the hat when it rocks the
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Adams performed about 80 shots per exhibition. He had a large repertoire of practiced shots—more than 500—affording him the luxury to not having to repeat a single shot during a week-long exhibition. The abundance of shots was unusual, and was described by one sports writer as "more extensive than
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Adams would sometimes accept challenge matches at his performances. For example, at an exhibition held in Omaha, Nebraska, on
November 20, 1889, Adams played against twenty of the best players in the city. Adams manipulated the balls with his fingers, while his opponents used cues and were given a
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Perhaps you old fellows, too, thought Yank had passed on, but he turned up in New York the other day and is now spending his last days in a Bronx flat. There was a time when Yank Adams was known in every billiard room in
America. He was as much at home in Eddie Graney's room at San Francisco as at
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The intricacy of the various shots he played, as well as the marvelous accuracy with which they were executed, frequently roused the spectators to an unusual pitch of enthusiasm.... Many of Adams' shots are entirely new, never having been attempted before by any billiards expert. Among them may be
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The great finger billiard exhibition came off last night at the
Standard billiard hall to a packed house, and those who saw Yank Adams handle the spheres were more than delighted.... Shot after shot were made in lightning rapidity, spotting the ball, running the whole length of the rail, crossing
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Fifteen balls are placed in a line, three inches apart. On the last ball is placed a piece of chalk, while two feet from the other end, at a square angle, is placed a single ball. Yank drops the hand ball with a Massé twist, which, after hitting the single ball, describes a semi-circle, taken the
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Two quart wine bottles are placed at the short end of the table, three feet apart; a ball is placed on the top of each bottle, and a third ball, six feet from the bottles in the opposite corner. Adams makes the hand ball jump from bottle to bottle then to take an
English in space, counting on the
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Adams played only with his fingers, disdaining the cue stick entirely. He was known for his skill at finger billiards and for the quickness of his play. In exhibitions it was sometimes advertised that Adams would attempt to make 100 shots in 100 seconds. He would always begin by "feeling out" the
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in 1892, the local paper reported that "o man in these broad acres can draw the crowd "Yank" Adams does when an exhibition with the ivories is the card. Last night's crowd was banked up, against the walls, twenty deep in someplaces and many witnessed the exhibition from the table tops and window
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later in his career. O'Brien organized an exhibition tour of the United States for Adams. Three months into the tour, Adams reached
Chicago, where he played a three-week engagement for Billy Emmett at $ 500 a week. After leaving the stage, Adams opened at O'Connor's billiard room, at Fourteenth
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in Paris. One of the largest matches ever played of any form of billiards took place at
Manhattan's Gilmore's Gardens in 1878. Adams played using his fingers against William Sexton, the reigning cue champion of the world, who used a cue; Adams won the three-day competition in the game of
204:; he often gave informal exhibitions of bowling tricks such as "cocked hat", "back frame", and letting the head pin remain standing. In a 1913 interview, Adams said that, "n those days we rolled what was termed 'skew ball', similar to the english put on a cue ball in Billiards."
456:, in which Adams scored 4,962 counts in a row, which was 2,400 points more than any prior competition high run, albeit with his fingers rather than with a cue. Adams stated in an interview in his later years that his personal high run was 6,900 consecutive straight rail counts.
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said that Adams had earned more than $ 70,000 for exhibition alone over seven years, which was more than the combined earnings of all other listed billiardists. Though champion players with cues sometimes dabbled in finger billiards, it was said even of such greats as
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Adams continued to give exhibitions and was still able to perform well into his later years. For example, the New
Rochelle Pioneer newspaper reported that Adams gave an exhibition on December 21, 1915, at 68 years of age, at Chamberlain's Derby Billiard Academy in
268:. After playing for the Comte de Paris, the Frenchmen wanted Adams to state his figures for an indefinite period. Adams also played for three Presidents of the United States; while in New York he was paid $ 100 per night by the Vanderbilt and Gould families.
478:. Through his association with the sporting journals, Adams was an intermediary for the issuance of challenge matches, such as boxing bouts. He held the winning stake and distributed the winnings upon the event's conclusion. Adams owned a number of
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cushion first, then makes a carrom on the fifteen balls, but is played with such a delicate calculation as barely to reach the last ball; in fact, freezes against it so gently as not to dislodge the chalk previously placed thereon.
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Adams' first major public exhibition in New York was held on January 31, 1878, at the Union Square Billiard Rooms before a large audience; he performed there nightly for a week. Reporting on the first night of the event,
328:: Diagrams of 12 of 13 Yank Adams' finger billiard shots he devised for exhibition. Adams described them as "a baker's dozen ways of making one shot". Each shot shows a different method of making a straight rail
463:(approximately $ 200) per week. Afterwards, Adams went in London, under the management of M. Farini, to play at the room of John Roberts, Jr. On a previous trip to London in 1887, Roberts offered Adams
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Street and Fourth Avenue, where he played nightly for a year. Adams then resumed traveling, and gave exhibitions in nearly every city in the United States and a large number of cities in Europe.
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On the first day of the match, Adams scored 1,110 points using finger billiards. Despite Adams' impressive opening performance, by the third day of the match, Sexton was far in the lead. In
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374:-style, many newspapers reported that Sexton won the tournament, as their reporters left the venue at a time when Sexton had a seemingly indomitable lead and before the match was over.
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began that lasted three days at the game The match was between Adams and William Sexton, then the cue champion of the world, at Manhattan's Gilmore's Gardens—the predecessor venue of
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at $ 115 a week. Adams sought to employ a manager as was typical of billiards professionals of the time; he was taken on by Billy O'Brien, a well known sports authority and one-time
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the entire billiard fraternity put together". The following description of Adams' shots appeared in an 1891 newspaper article, which highlighted them as, "among his difficult feats":
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He also stand at the head of the table, throwing the balls with a hundred-yard force but has them stop eight feet away in such a position as to spell his name.
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at 60 East 14th Street in New York City. Adams' business cards, in 1877, said, "Yank Adams, champion finger billiardist of the world. Residence immaterial."
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player who specialized in finger billiards, in which a player directly manipulates the balls with his or her hands, instead of using an implement such as a
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When Adams was 25 he was employed as a traveling salesman for the Derby Silver Company in New York. One day, while he was waiting for customers in a
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The public flocked to Adams' exhibitions; often the pool room where he was performing could barely contain the crowd. When Adams performed in
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In 1890, Adams returned to Paris after signing a contract with Eugene Carter to play at Carter's billiard academy for thirteen weeks at 1,000
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As Adams became more involved with billiards, he gave up his job with the silver company. Adams went to Sexton's billiard parlor in the
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Adams finger billiards and exhibition work had its germination in his early bowling interest. By the time he was 17, Adams was an adept
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293:, sponsored by Yank Adams and William Sexton. Prior to the performance, Adams and Sexton would play a billiard match for the audience.
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277:, George Slosson, and Eugene Carter that "their work, compared with that of the Finger Wonder, is like a novice playing an expert."
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during his lifetime, including two in Chicago—one named the White Elephant, another called the Academy Billiard Hall, and one on
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60 a week for six months to give exhibitions, but Adams declined, citing a need to superintend his sporting journal.
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In 1889, Adams broke the world record run for successive straight rail points in a match with champion player
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In 1868 Adams appeared before the Prince of Wales in London and the Comte de Paris in Paris. While in London,
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Prior to Adams' performances, finger billiards had been demonstrated in New York by French player
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Yank Adams photograph showing him at 67 years old, from the February 23, 1913 edition of the
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1196:"The New Billiard Expert, Mr. "Yank" Adams' First Public Exhibition in This City"
854:"All Done With the Fingers: The Manner in Which Yank Adams Toys With the Spheres"
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offered Adams $ 300 per week for one year to play afternoon and evening at his
1871:. Vol. 4. New York, NY: Brentano's Literary Emporium. 1881. p. 359.
809:"Finger Billiards: Yank Adams to Give an Exhibition at the Standard To-Night"
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A history of the New York stage from the first performance in 1732 to 1901
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In 1879, Adams was chosen to be the official referee for the championship
1949:"Wizard of The Ivories: "Yank" Adams's Exhibition at the Commercial Club"
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In 1923, when Adams was 76, the following newspaper story appeared in
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on the table, as the speed of the tables varied almost nightly, some
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Poster for a March 12, 1889 Yank Adams exhibition in New York City
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1923:"Yank's Magic Fingers: Remarkable Billiard Shots By Editor Adams"
708:"New York, New York City Municipal Deaths, 1795-1949", database,
1045:"Still Playing Finger Billiards Although Sixty-Seven Years Old"
1639:"The Myers-Needham Fight to Take Place in Minneapolis Sept. 3"
100:(December 19, 1847 – December 29, 1929), commonly known as
161:, with whom he served for three years, fighting for the
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Adams sketch portrait from the June 14, 1891 edition of
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https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2WGM-FQX
1229:(Direct link unavailable). The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
1133:(Direct link unavailable). The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
965:. Hartford, Conn.: Evening Post Association. 1892.
115:Adams' career began when he found his aptitude for
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1868:Brentano's aquatic monthly and sporting gazetteer
1376:. Brooklyn: Brooklyn Citizen. 1893. p. 141.
384:, making 1,181 points in a row to win the match.
1838:"Famous Finger Billiardist Turns Up in New York"
737:. New York, NY: Lyons & Burford. pp.
1231:. January 28, 1878. p. 3. Archived from
215:When he returned to New York, Adams met with
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169:. After being discharged, Adams worked as a
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716: : 3 June 2020), Frank B. Adams, 1929.
1322:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
177:for the American Sterling-Silver Company.
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733:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
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2025:Child soldiers in the American Civil War
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1326:. New York: Oxford University Press US.
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476:New York Sporting and Theatrical Journal
359:On March 15, 1878, a billiards match of
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1700:. New York: L.G. Goulding. 1877: 1078.
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1160:. Dodd, Mead and company. p. 217.
1135:. September 6, 1878. p. front page
1054:. February 23, 1913. p. front page
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470:Adams was the editor and proprietor of
2005:Sportspeople from Norwich, Connecticut
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1422:"Ringing Chimes on the Billiard Balls"
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1318:Edwin G. & Wallace, Mike (1999).
173:from 1872 to 1875, and then became a
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1694:"Goulding's New York City Directory"
1262:"Finger Billiards vs. Cue Billiards"
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1809:"Ryan Beats Hanf in Billiard Match"
577:equivalent to a 1,000 point lead.
409:. It was contested by top players
322:From the June 14, 1891 edition of
37:Adams posing with a billiards ball
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1674:. Vol. 538. November 5, 1881
530:He died on December 29, 1929, in
474:, and the general manager of the
159:Eighteenth Connecticut Volunteers
2000:American carom billiards players
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1956:Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
1225:"Sports and Pastimes: Billiards"
1107:The Morning Call (San Francisco)
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332:from the same starting position.
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687:. Vol. 26. August 31, 1878
289:Advertisement for comedy play,
16:American carom billiards player
1958:. February 27, 1892. p. 3
1900:. November 20, 1889. p. 2
1760:. December 15, 1915. p. 3
1645:. September 1, 1888. p. 5
1293:"Cue against Finger Billiards"
1154:Brown, Thomas Allston (1902).
601:In an article in the St. Paul
314:Competitive play and rivalries
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1789:. November 7, 1919. p. 4
1593:. October 21, 1888. p. 8
1109:. January 20, 1891. p. 2
1083:. January 14, 1891. p. 3
889:. November 2, 1889. p. 2
521:, telling of his whereabouts:
244:and Sexton employed Adams at
2010:19th-century American people
1665:"Blaisdell Beats Yank Adams"
1619:. August 16, 1888. p. 5
729:Shamos, Michael Ian (1993).
472:The Chicago Sporting Journal
405:Billiard Tournament held at
1929:. April 27, 1888. p. 5
1613:"Killen Challenges Kilrain"
1541:. April 15, 1888. p. 6
1512:. April 24, 1890. p. 5
860:. June 14, 1891. p. 16
815:. April 26, 1888. p. 5
91:The Digital Billiard Wonder
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1927:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
1643:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
1617:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
1539:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
1510:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
1348:"Cue and Finger Billiards"
913:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
813:The Saint Paul Daily Globe
586:third bail, a double shot.
393:the local firemen's fund.
1567:. July 4, 1884. p. 5
1474:"The New Champion's Game"
1396:"General Sporting Gossip"
1103:"Another Sport Goes Over"
768:"The New Billiard-Player"
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1374:Brooklyn Citizen Almanac
1077:"Death of Billy O'Brien"
1052:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
915:. May 1, 1890. p. 5
883:"Yank Adams, of Chicago"
532:Manhattan, New York City
441:at the newly introduced
1780:"Billiards at Lawlers'"
1751:"Yank Adams Plays Here"
1448:"Fine Billiard Playing"
270:Bullocks Billiard Guide
181:Beginnings in billiards
1728:Cite journal requires
1506:"Adams Going to Paris"
1129:"Court Square Theatre"
1081:The Sun (New York, NY)
858:The Sun (New York, NY)
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246:Miner's Bowery Theatre
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1987:at Wikimedia Commons
1845:The Salt Lake Tribune
648:Cue sports portal
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518:The Salt Lake Tribune
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397:Other accomplishments
365:Madison Square Garden
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228:International success
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104:, was a professional
1787:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
1758:New Rochelle Pioneer
1672:The New York Clipper
774:. September 21, 1875
685:The New York Clipper
636:Biography portal
501:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
437:, and "the Wizard",
372:Dewey-Defeats-Truman
155:Norwich, Connecticut
153:Adams was raised in
61:Norwich, Connecticut
2030:Union Army soldiers
1847:. February 10, 1923
1483:. November 13, 1879
1454:. November 14, 1879
1428:. November 20, 1879
1400:The Montreal Herald
962:Evening Post Annual
935:"A Billiard Expert"
616:Rochester, New York
447:the champion's game
439:Jacob Schaefer, Sr.
223:Professional career
136:in London, and the
1894:"Yank Adams Nerve"
1813:The New York Times
1587:"Pat's Chin Music"
1481:The New York Times
1452:The New York Times
1426:The New York Times
1352:The New York Times
1297:The New York Times
1266:The New York Times
1202:. January 29, 1878
1200:The New York Times
941:. January 27, 1878
939:The New York Times
772:The New York Times
554:
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454:Jacob Schaefer Sr.
445:discipline called
377:The New York Times
334:
301:The New York Times
295:
281:Public exhibitions
254:Dominick McCaffrey
238:
198:
195:Allen & Ginter
175:traveling salesman
167:American Civil War
79:New York, New York
1983:Media related to
1402:. January 6, 1891
1333:978-0-19-514049-1
435:George F. Slosson
262:John Roberts, Jr.
95:
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71:December 29, 1929
57:December 14, 1847
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73:(1929-12-29)
18:
2020:1929 deaths
2015:1847 births
1962:February 2,
1933:January 31,
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1819:February 2,
1793:February 2,
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893:January 31,
864:January 22,
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778:January 18,
691:February 2,
603:Daily Globe
411:Marice Daly
122:Vanderbilts
1994:Categories
1985:Yank Adams
1561:"Personal"
654:References
490:Later life
388:Louis Shaw
193:issued by
149:Early life
102:Yank Adams
89:Yank Adams
53:1847-12-14
25:Yank Adams
619:ledges."
565:and some
403:Collender
291:Billiards
171:carpenter
110:cue stick
1877:10081652
1706:12683349
1382:12355298
971:17937899
623:See also
575:handicap
559:cushions
250:pugilist
128:, three
1166:2778331
549:The Sun
382:ran out
325:The Sun
165:in the
117:bowling
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461:francs
304:wrote:
242:Bowery
202:bowler
132:, the
126:Goulds
124:, the
1952:(PDF)
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681:(PDF)
330:count
163:Union
1964:2010
1935:2010
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1873:OCLC
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1734:help
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978:2010
967:OCLC
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866:2010
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780:2010
743:ISBN
693:2010
567:slow
563:fast
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