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Yarnbury Castle

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their plaited manes and tails aprick with ornaments of straw. The vendor of sheep bells spreads his metal wares upon the ground.. the purchase of sheep bells is a serious matter, good ones costing as much as five shillings..In the good old days, up to within the memory of people still living, the fair was followed by horse races next day, and sports of all kinds. But now the pleasure part of the meeting has been abandoned; the folk disperse quietly soon after noon, when business is done, leaving Yarnbury to the silent occupation of its prehistoric ghosts for another year.
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later feature. The overall width of the earthworks is generally uniform at around 17 m (56 ft). The earthworks are generally well preserved, except in the northeastern side where the outermost ditch has been lost due to the encroachment of a downland driveway. In the centre of the hillfort lies an earlier and smaller single banked enclosure of 5.2 ha (13 acres) in area, and with an entrance in the western side of the earthwork.
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There have been numerous inhumations found at the site including two within pits, and isolated human bones found in other pits. Nine complete or partial remains of newly born and young infants have been found in the bottom of the earthwork ditches. Archaeological finds include pottery sherds, flint
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was held on the site from the 18th century until 1916, when the area was commandeered by the British Army. There are several prominent features associated with this former use, including several sheep folds to the south eastern corner of the hillfort. These are grouped in two blocks of 8, with low
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the site, and between the earlier enclosure and the inner rampart, there are a number of large compounds containing structures clearly visible, many with evidence for possible stone footings. It is also evident that a number of them overlap and indicate a prolonged and varied occupation of the site.
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The earthworks at Yarnbury consist of three ramparts with outer ditches. The outer ramparts measure up to 3.5 m (11 ft) high, and the ditches a further 1.7 m (5.6 ft) deep, and are encroached upon by the centre rampart in places, suggesting that the inner and centre rampart are a
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pottery, Iron Age and Roman coins, and burials of human remains. There is much evidence of prolonged and extensive settlement of the site, including evidence of around 130 structures of various sizes, most probably representing a mix of round houses, pits, and other features. It was designated as a
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Within the fort there is much evidence for many structures, mainly circular in plan, and within compounds with low earth banks. The structures vary between 7 m (23 ft) and 15 m (49 ft) in diameter, and up to 1.0 m (3.3 ft) deep. In particular, in the north and east of
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The SSSI designation for the site arises due to interest in the biodiversity and species present upon the earthworks of the fort themselves, with the inner and surrounding parts of the site being of improved agricultural grassland of little interest. The earthworks support a rich chalk grassland
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Once a year Yarnbury becomes re-animate, on the day of the Horse and Sheep Fair, on the 4 October held in this lonely trysting place by immemorial tradition. Here.. the flocks..stand close packed in pens; bunches of young ponies are tied up in one corner.. and near by are the sober cart-horses,
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of around 160 AD. The main entrance to the hillfort lies on the eastern side of the site, with a complex of earthwork fortifications. There is a further entrance at the northern end, possibly a later addition, with the entrance to the western side thought to be non-original or later so serve a
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The main earthworks are thought to date from around 100 BC, with the earlier inner circuit being from about 300 BC, according to pottery finds from early Iron Age through to Romano-British, including
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flakes, iron slag, Celtic coins, and bronze brooches. From later periods finds also include much Roman items, such as pottery, tiles, coins and three burials in graves.
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mounded earthworks clearly visible and covering an area of 120 m (390 ft) by 90 m (300 ft). They do not however appear in
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Yarnbury Castle is about 1.9 miles (3 km) north of Steeple Langford village, and straddles the boundary between Steeple Langford and
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Yarnbury Castle is located in an area of unimproved grassland on the upper chalk north of the Wylye Valley, and on the edge of
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primary route runs close to the southern edge of the site, which by this road is about 2.5 miles (4 km) west of
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flora, including several rare species. There are 16 species of grass and sedge recorded, among them upright brome (
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in north-west Europe. The local area supports a rich and diverse grassland flora, which led to it being
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pencil sketch of the site from 1810, indicating that these date from later in the 19th century.
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smaller sub-rectangular Romano-British enclosure on that side of the fort.
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Site of a multiphase, multivallate Iron Age hillfort in Wiltshire, England
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Pencil sketch of Yarnbury Castle by Sir Richard Colt-Hoare, 1810, from
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Biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Wiltshire
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Haunted Landscape: Folklore, Ghosts and Legends of Wiltshire
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The site was previously populated with scattered juniper (
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Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
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The site is on private land and has no public access.
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Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1951
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The earthwork ramparts and ditches of Yarnbury Castle
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The marsh fritillary can be found at Yarnbury Castle
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Various herb species include dwarf thistle ( 225:biological Site of Special Scientific Interest 1386: 727: 310:The local author Ella Noyes (1863–1949) from 223:The earthworks of Yarnbury Castle are also a 8: 21: 588:"Yarnbury camp (Yarnbury Castle) (1005689)" 1393: 1379: 1371: 734: 720: 712: 27: 20: 344:, which is the largest remaining area of 514: 318:(1913), the following about the event: 51: 563:Research records (formerly PastScape) 7: 1089:Lower Coombe and Ferne Brook Meadows 618: 616: 614: 612: 610: 549: 547: 545: 543: 541: 539: 211:in 1991, with finds of Iron Age and 354:Site of Special Scientific Interest 1014:Homington and Coombe Bissett Downs 593:National Heritage List for England 14: 2840:Archaeological sites in Wiltshire 2845:Scheduled monuments in Wiltshire 1184:Restrop Farm and Brockhurst Wood 268:The Ancient History of Wiltshire 50: 43: 1209:Scratchbury & Cotley Hills 1069:Langley Wood and Homan's Copse 1039:Kennet and Lambourn Floodplain 693:(1913); taken from a quote in 1: 2442:Cadbury Castle, South Cadbury 2396:Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton 1402:Iron Age hillforts in England 1084:Loosehanger Copse and Meadows 819:Brickworth Down and Dean Hill 300:Winterbourne Stoke sheep fair 193:is the site of a multiphase, 1094:Lower Woodford Water Meadows 924:Dank's Down and Truckle Hill 904:Colerne Park and Monk's Wood 503:List of hillforts in England 2447:King's Castle, Wiveliscombe 1309:Wylye and Church Dean Downs 884:Cloatley Manor Farm Meadows 844:Calstone and Cherhill Downs 649:"Wiltshire Heritage Museum" 559:"Yarnbury Castle (215137)" 523:"Wiltshire Council records" 2876: 2830:Iron Age sites in England 2401:Caer Caradog, Chapel Lawn 1322: 1049:Knapp and Barnett's Downs 999:Harries Ground, Rodbourne 909:The Coombes, Hinton Parva 749: 134:28.5 acres (11.5 ha) 38: 26: 1224:Starveall and Stony Down 1194:Roundway Down and Covert 969:Goldborough Farm Meadows 427:Helianthemum nummularium 424:) and common rock-rose ( 356:in 1951. Designated as 142:167 m (548 ft) 2835:Hill forts in Wiltshire 1139:Picket and Clanger Wood 1114:North Meadow, Cricklade 1054:Knighton Downs and Wood 929:Distillery Farm Meadows 764:Baverstock Juniper Bank 382:), crested hair-grass ( 305:Sir Richard Colt Hoares 1234:Stockton Wood and Down 1074:Little Grubbins Meadow 864:Chilton Foliat Meadows 829:Britford Water Meadows 697:, Katy Jordan (2000), 624:"Yarnbury Castle SSSI" 460:), and other orchids. 337: 325: 270: 59:Shown within Wiltshire 1269:Upper Waterhay Meadow 1229:Steeple Langford Down 769:Bencroft Hill Meadows 478:Coenonympha pamphilus 448:), and burnt orchid ( 439:), bastard toadflax ( 436:Senecio integrifolius 335: 320: 265: 173:Excavation dates 2504:Kinver Edge Hillfort 2060:St. Catherine's Hill 1244:Stratford Toney Down 1239:Stoke Common Meadows 1099:Midford Valley Woods 974:Great Cheverell Hill 934:East Harnham Meadows 454:), fragrant orchid ( 406:), horseshoe vetch ( 388:), and dwarf sedge ( 358:Yarnbury Castle SSSI 346:calcareous grassland 246:civil parishes. The 203:near the village of 2571:Thundersbarrow Hill 2045:Old Winchester Hill 1249:Sutton Lane Meadows 944:Emmett Hill Meadows 914:Cotswold Water Park 859:Chickengrove Bottom 779:Bincknoll Dip Woods 475:) and small heath ( 457:Gymnadenia conopsea 421:Asperula cynanchica 400:), chalk milkwort ( 370:), sheep's fescue ( 103: /  23: 2860:Hills of Wiltshire 2015:Hamble Common Camp 1937:Greater Manchester 1871:Hollingbury Castle 1326:Neighbouring areas 1284:Whiteparish Common 689:From Ella Noyes's 472:Euphydryas aurinia 466:Juniperus communis 418:), squinancywort ( 409:Hippocrepis comosa 376:), quaking grass ( 338: 314:wrote in her book 271: 252:Winterbourne Stoke 218:scheduled monument 181:Public access 2817: 2816: 2693:Liddington Castle 2546:Chanctonbury Ring 2308:Rainsborough Camp 2167:Wilbury Hill Camp 1785:Chalbury Hillfort 1765:Abbotsbury Castle 1561:Kelsborrow Castle 1509:Desborough Castle 1483:Kings Weston Hill 1457:Perborough Castle 1368: 1367: 1264:Tytherington Down 954:Fonthill Grottoes 854:Chilmark Quarries 794:Bowerchalke Downs 759:River Avon System 754:Acres Farm Meadow 705:, Ex Libris Books 412:), common thyme ( 403:Polygala calcarea 385:Koeleria cristata 188: 187: 2867: 2754:Berrow Hill Camp 2728:Vespasian's Camp 2718:Scratchbury Camp 2623:Battlesbury Camp 2365:Uffington Castle 2291:Northamptonshire 2075:Whitsbury Castle 2020:King John's Hill 2000:Frankenbury Camp 1944:Mellor hill fort 1892:Ambresbury Banks 1825:Lambert's Castle 1607:Castallack Round 1447:Grimsbury Castle 1395: 1388: 1381: 1372: 1279:West Yatton Down 1204:Savernake Forest 1179:Ravensroost Wood 1044:King's Play Hill 1024:Inwood, Warleigh 736: 729: 722: 713: 706: 687: 681: 680: 678: 676: 666: 660: 659: 657: 655: 645: 639: 638: 636: 634: 620: 605: 604: 602: 600: 584:Historic England 580: 574: 573: 571: 569: 555:Historic England 551: 534: 533: 531: 529: 519: 244:Berwick St James 205:Steeple Langford 118: 117: 115: 114: 113: 108: 107:51.163°N 1.951°W 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 81:Southern England 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2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1975:Caesar's Camp 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1960:Ashleys Copse 1958: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1923:Kimsbury Camp 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1902:Loughton Camp 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1850:Woodbury Hill 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1835:Maiden Castle 1833: 1831: 1830:Lewesdon Hill 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1805:Eggardon Hill 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:Dudsbury Camp 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1780:Buzbury Rings 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1770:Badbury Rings 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1707:Warbstow Bury 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1692:Trereen Dinas 1690: 1688: 1687:Trencrom Hill 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566:Maiden Castle 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1442:Caesar's Camp 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1416:Mowsbury Hill 1414: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1396: 1391: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1304:Winsley Mines 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1154:Pincombe Down 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1104:Morgan's Hill 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1004:Haydon Meadow 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 949:Figsbury Ring 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 839:Burderop Wood 837: 835: 834:Burcombe Down 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 814:Bratton Downs 812: 810: 809:Bradley Woods 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 751: 748: 744: 737: 732: 730: 725: 723: 718: 717: 714: 704: 700: 696: 692: 686: 683: 671: 665: 662: 650: 644: 641: 629: 625: 619: 617: 615: 613: 611: 607: 595: 594: 589: 585: 579: 576: 564: 560: 556: 550: 548: 546: 544: 542: 540: 536: 524: 518: 515: 508: 504: 501: 500: 496: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479: 474: 473: 468: 467: 461: 459: 458: 453: 452: 447: 446: 443: 438: 437: 431: 429: 428: 423: 422: 417: 416: 411: 410: 405: 404: 399: 398: 393: 392: 391:Carex humilis 387: 386: 381: 380: 375: 374: 373:Festuca ovina 369: 368: 361: 359: 355: 352:a biological 351: 347: 343: 334: 327: 324: 319: 317: 313: 308: 306: 301: 293: 291: 287: 283: 280: 275: 269: 264: 257: 255: 253: 249: 245: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227:(SSSI) first 226: 221: 219: 214: 210: 206: 202: 199: 196: 192: 183: 179: 175: 171: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 116: 88: 84: 80: 76: 73: 70: 66: 46: 37: 30: 25: 19: 2789:Hanbury Hill 2784:Gadbury Bank 2769:British Camp 2737: 2723:Sidbury Hill 2698:Membury Camp 2688:Knook Castle 2678:Fosbury Camp 2648:Castle Rings 2421:Old Oswestry 2411:Coxall Knoll 2386:Bury Ditches 2381:Bayston Hill 2324:Castle Knowe 2298:Borough Hill 2251:Holkham Camp 2188:Oldbury Camp 2183:Bigbury Camp 2162:Arbury Banks 2141:Sutton Walls 2121:Dinedor Camp 2116:Croft Ambrey 2106:British Camp 2101:Brandon Camp 2065:Tidbury Ring 2055:Quarley Hill 1995:Dunwood Camp 1876:Mount Caburn 1800:Dungeon Hill 1775:Banbury Hill 1723:Carrock Fell 1697:Treryn Dinas 1642:Kelly Rounds 1632:Dodman Point 1478:Clifton Camp 1462:Walbury Camp 1452:Membury Camp 1437:Bussock Camp 1421:Maiden Bower 1409:Bedfordshire 1313: 1254:Throope Down 1214:Silbury Hill 1134:Pewsey Downs 1119:Odstock Down 1059:Landford Bog 1034:River Kennet 1029:Jones's Mill 984:Gutch Common 964:Gallows Hill 959:Fyfield Down 939:Ebsbury Down 889:Clout's Wood 774:Bentley Wood 694: 690: 685: 673:. Retrieved 670:"Ella Noyes" 664: 652:. Retrieved 643: 631:. Retrieved 627: 597:. Retrieved 591: 578: 566:. Retrieved 562: 526:. Retrieved 517: 487:corn bunting 476: 470: 464: 462: 455: 449: 440: 434: 432: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 389: 383: 377: 371: 365: 362: 357: 339: 321: 315: 309: 299: 297: 288: 284: 276: 272: 267: 241: 233: 222: 195:multivallate 190: 189: 18: 2764:Bredon Hill 2759:Berry Mound 2597:Castle Hill 2576:The Trundle 2539:West Sussex 2499:Castle Ring 2406:Caus Castle 2343:Oxfordshire 2256:Warham Camp 2214:Warton Crag 2204:Castercliff 2146:Wapley Hill 2136:Poston Camp 2111:Capler Camp 2010:Gorley Hill 1980:Castle Hill 1918:Cleeve Hill 1897:Danish Camp 1864:East Sussex 1855:Woolsbarrow 1840:Pilsdon Pen 1728:Castle Crag 1662:Maen Castle 1647:Kelsey Head 1627:Chûn Castle 1622:Castle Goff 1617:Castle Dore 1597:Cadson Bury 1556:Helsby Hill 1525:Stonea Camp 1355:Oxfordshire 1159:Porton Down 1149:Pike Corner 899:Cockey Down 894:Coate Water 789:Botley Down 379:Briza media 312:Sutton Veny 294:Sheep fairs 258:Archaeology 110: / 86:Coordinates 2824:Categories 2658:Chiselbury 2489:Berth Hill 2484:Berry Ring 2426:The Wrekin 2416:Nordy Bank 2391:Bury Walls 2374:Shropshire 2197:Lancashire 2030:Ladle Hill 2025:Knoll Camp 1737:Derbyshire 1652:Lescudjack 1592:Black Head 1259:River Till 1144:Piggledene 1079:Long Knoll 979:Great Yews 703:1903341086 509:References 176:1932, 1987 168:Site notes 95:51°09′47″N 2703:Old Sarum 2673:Cley Hill 2633:Bury Camp 2606:Wiltshire 2494:Bury Bank 2468:Wincobank 2463:Carl Wark 2272:Eston Nab 2209:Portfield 2005:The Frith 1970:Bury Hill 1953:Hampshire 1928:Uley Bury 1682:The Rumps 1677:Rame Head 1602:Caer Bran 1551:Eddisbury 1430:Berkshire 1350:Hampshire 1335:Berkshire 1219:Spye Park 1174:Rack Hill 1124:Out Woods 994:Hang Wood 879:Cley Hill 849:Camp Down 445:humifusum 254:village. 231:in 1951. 220:in 1925. 98:1°57′04″W 72:Wiltshire 2779:Drakelow 2653:Chisbury 2435:Somerset 2080:Woolbury 1990:Danebury 1820:Hod Hill 1585:Cornwall 1539:Cheshire 1360:Somerset 989:Ham Hill 799:Box Mine 675:29 April 654:29 April 568:20 March 528:29 April 497:See also 350:declared 238:Location 229:notified 201:hillfort 198:Iron Age 163:Iron Age 152:Material 126:hillfort 68:Location 2239:Norfolk 1749:Mam Tor 1744:Fin Cop 1716:Cumbria 1571:Oakmere 1546:Bradley 1471:Bristol 483:skylark 442:Thesium 328:Ecology 160:Founded 147:History 2513:Surrey 1758:Dorset 1340:Dorset 701:  633:5 July 599:5 July 279:Samian 139:Height 78:Region 1885:Essex 155:Chalk 2176:Kent 1330:Avon 699:ISBN 677:2012 656:2012 635:2022 601:2022 570:2020 530:2012 489:and 298:The 248:A303 131:Area 123:Type 430:). 2826:: 626:. 609:^ 590:. 586:. 561:. 557:. 538:^ 493:. 485:, 184:No 1394:e 1387:t 1380:v 735:e 728:t 721:v 679:. 658:. 637:. 603:. 572:. 532:.

Index


Yarnbury Castle is located in Wiltshire
Wiltshire
51°09′47″N 1°57′04″W / 51.163°N 1.951°W / 51.163; -1.951
multivallate
Iron Age
hillfort
Steeple Langford
Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England
Romano-British
scheduled monument
biological Site of Special Scientific Interest
notified
Berwick St James
A303
Winterbourne Stoke

Samian
Sir Richard Colt Hoares
Sutton Veny

Salisbury Plain
calcareous grassland
declared
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Bromus erectus
Festuca ovina
Briza media
Koeleria cristata
Carex humilis

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