676:
the Cheka – OGPU, I waged a determined struggle against all manifestations of counter-revolutionary and anti-Soviet activities. I cannot admit that I am guilty of belonging to a right-wing
Trotskyist organization... I am aware that the issue about me has already been resolved. But I just can’t plead guilty to the fact that I served the bourgeoisie... I have never been a spy and hireling of the bourgeoisie. In 1923, my brother was killed, I suspect the Poles in this, and therefore how could I work together with the Poles at that time. I smashed all the Polish bandit chieftains and was not their agent. I began to give evidence admitting my guilt after confrontations with Yezhov and Frinovsky and after special influence on me. During the preliminary investigation, I named about 124 people as participants in the conspiracy, but this is a lie, and I plead guilty to this lie. I have never belonged to the right and do not belong... The testimony of other participants in the conspiracy coincides with mine only because we all had one master – the investigator... I ask for one thing – to carefully examine the materials of my case. It really bothers me that I have slandered many people...
35:
539:, nominated Yevdokimov for the Order of the Red Banner for his role in preparing the trial. However the award was not granted, apparently because of criticisms of his handling of the interrogations, after 23 defendants denied the charges, and others retracted in court the confessions they had made under interrogation.
1406:
667:
was appointed deputy head of the NKVD, and started building cases against Yezhov and those linked to him. Nikolayev-Zhurid was arrested on 25 October, Dagin on 5 November, and
Yevdokimov on 9 November 1938. He was accused of having plotted with Yezhov and others to kill Stalin after they had received
642:
Evdokimov came to me twice and demanded permission to arrest
Sholokhov because he was talking with former White Guards,” Stalin said in 1938, during a meeting with the Veshenians released from prison. “I told Evdokimov that he understands nothing either in politics or in life. How can a writer write
619:
According to Yezhov's biographer, he "put special trust in
Chekists from North Caucasia, like Yefim Yevdokimov". Yevdokimov's former deputy, Israel Dagin, was appointed head of the Kremlin guards; Dagin's former deputy, Nikolai Nikolayev-Zhurid, was made head of the Special department, which handled
611:
without outside interference. Yezhov trusted him because he had been on bad terms with Yagoda. When the
Central Committee convened in February 1937, Yevdokimov accused Yagoda of obstructing his efforts to expose "vile double-dealers" who had "wormed their way" into responsible positions in the North
383:
He began working at the age of 14 as a train coupler, then as a clerk. In 1905, he was wounded in a shootout with a punitive detachment that occupied the station. He was arrested in 1907, and sentenced to four years of hard labor, commuted to three years in prison due to being a minor. After leaving
675:
I cannot admit the accusation of treason brought against me by the investigation. I have never betrayed my homeland; I have never been a member of any counter-revolutionary or anti-Soviet organizations or groups. On the contrary, during my time in the ranks of the party and at work in the bodies of
680:
On 17 January, to break his resistance, he was confronted by Yezhov and
Nikolayev-Zhurid, who had confessed and had named Yevdokimov as a member of their anti-Soviet organisation. On 2 March, doctors insisted that he be transferred to a prison hospital because of the effects of torture. He finally
724:
Yevdokimov's wife, Marina, was arrested on the same day as her husband, accused of counter-revolutionary activity, tried on 26 January 1940, and shot the following day. Their son, Yuir, who was born in
Kharkov in 1920, was arrested several months after his parents, on 12 April 1939, and tried and
634:
district party committee who was a close friend and near neighbour of
Mikhail Sholokhov, who complained to Stalin, and refused to join a writers' delegation until his friend was released. After Lugovoi and two others known to Sholokhov were released, he complained to Yevdokimov that they had been
485:
In 1931–1932 he was the plenipotentiary representative of the OGPU in
Central Asia, engaged in the suppression of the Basmachi in the Turkmen SSR and Tajik SSR. In 1933 he was elected first secretary of the North Caucasus Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. He also
659:
On 4 May 1938, Yevdokimov was transferred to Moscow as Deputy People's
Commissar for Water Transport, under Yezhov, who had been appointed People's Commissar, while temporarily retaining his post as head of the NKVD. In June, Suslov reported to a party conference in Rostov that "the practice of
465:
During the defeat of General Wrangel's army in Crimea, comrade. Evdokimov and his expedition cleared the Crimean peninsula of white officers and counterintelligence officers remaining there for the underground, seizing up to 30 governors, 50 generals, more than 300 colonels, the same number of
334:
Yevdokimov became a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in 1934 and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1937. He was arrested on 9 November 1938 and executed 2 February 1940. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.
1426:
415:, Yevdokimov was drafted into the army and enlisted as a private in the 12th Siberian Reserve Regiment (Irkutsk), where he was elected to the regimental revolutionary committee. In September 1917 he was demobilized for health reasons. He participated in the
696:
I will die soon, but I want to tell the court that even under the new leadership (meaning Beria), the apparatus of the NKVD of the USSR works in the same way as it worked under Yezhov... I earnestly ask you to convey this to Stalin. I was not scum
656:, who would rise to be one of the most powerful leaders of the Soviet communist in the 1960s and 1970s, was posted to Rostov, initially as one of Yevdokimov's deputies. Yevdokimov's assistant, a career chekist named Pavel Manichkin, was arrested.
635:
tortured, and demanded that the officers responsible should be disciplined. When Yevdokimov fobbed him off, Sholokhov wrote to Stalin in February 1938 denouncing Yevdokimov as a "crafty old fox", who was either hopeless, or an enemy.
620:
the purge of the Red Army; and Vladimir Kursky, who had been chief investigator at the Shahkty trial, was appointed head of the Secret Political Department, which dealt with major political cases, such as the interrogation of Yagoda.
627:, was sacked for allowing former oppositionists to hold jobs in the region. Yevdokimov was set a target to have 14,000 people arrested, from a population of just over 5.6 million. It is likely that he exceeded that figure.
521:, near Rostov, were accused of sabotage, five of whom were executed, and 40 sent to prison. Yevdokimov was in charge of forcing the defendants to confess and ensuring they would not withdraw their confessions in court.
445:
In January 1920 he took on the role of Deputy Head of the Special Department of the South-Western and Southern Fronts. He organized the investigation into the case of the “Committee for the Liberation of Ukraine”.
1236:
470:
At the end of the Civil War, he was appointed head of the secret operational department of the All-Ukrainian Cheka. In 1922, he was appointed plenipotentiary representative of the OGPU in Right Bank Ukraine.
887:
1347:
592:. He was the first career officer from the OGPU to be appointed to a party post of that seniority. In September 1937, the territory was split again, and Yevdokimov was designated First Secretary of the
1411:
685:, and confessed to having plotted to assassinate Stalin and others. On 16 January 1940, Yevdokimov, his wife, and 19-year-old son were all included with Yezhov, Dagin, Nikolayev-Zhurid, the writer
1261:
589:
551:. Retained in Rostov, he was responsible, with Andreyev, in forcing the peasants in North Caucasus to move onto collective farms. In 1930, the North Caucasus OGPU was set a target of 6,000–8,000
566:, who lived within the territory, wrote to Stalin accusing two of Yevdokimov's officers of using torture to extract grain from peasant households. Both men were banned from working in the area.
494:
In 1927, Yevdokimov claimed to be close to uncovering a network of saboteurs who were undermining industrial production in south Russia, directed, he claimed, from abroad. The head of the OGPU,
396:
He participated in revolutionary activities as a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, an anarchist and a member of the Socialist Maximalist Party. According to one source, he joined the
638:
Yevdokimov twice sought Stalin's permission to have Sholokhov arrested, complaining that anyone else who behaved as Sholokhov did "would have been arrested long ago." Stalin turned him down.
453:
after its capture by the Bolsheviks. On November 21, 1920, he was appointed head of the special “Crimean Shock Group”, which supervised the execution of the captured military personnel of
1137:"Доклад Комиссии ЦК КПСС Президиуму ЦК КПСС по установлению причин массовых репрессий против членов и кандидатов в члены ЦК ВКП(б), избранных на ХVII съезде партии. 9 февраля 1956 г."
660:
indiscriminate expelling from the party has ceased. An end has been put to impunity for a various number of slanderers. Gradually the general suspiciousness is breaking down."
612:
Caucasus territory to pursue "counter-revolutionary aims," and turned on him saying: "You, Yagoda, were once my boss: what help did I get from you?" After Yagoda's arrest,
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400:
in 1907, but there was also a rumour later known to his colleagues in the Soviet police that he was arrested not for revolutionary activity, but as a common criminal.
1441:
607:– as the OGPU was now named – in September 1936, Yevdokimov's standing within the NKVD rose. He was one of very few local party bosses who were trusted to conduct the
438:
During June–December 1919 he was head of the Special Department of the Moscow Cheka. He led the arrests and investigation into the case of the Headquarters of the
498:
reputedly did not believe him and threatened to have him arrested unless he produced solid evidence, in which he was backed by the head of the USSR government,
486:
worked in senior positions in the GPU-OGPU of the USSR, as head of the Secret Political Department, which was engaged in the fight against political opponents.
1436:
1431:
1416:
701:), but I became one during the investigation, because I could not stand it and began to lie, and I began to lie because I was hit hard on the heels."
811:
1396:
466:
counterintelligence officers and a total of up to 12,000 white elements, thereby preventing the possibility of white gangs appearing in Crimea.
1331:
1113:
1033:
1352:[Background on administrative-territorial changes in the Stavropol Krai from 1920–1992] (in Russian). Archives of the Stavropol Krai
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In spring 1938, possibility because of Sholokhov's complaints, Stalin appears to have decided that Yevdokimov had ordered too many arrests.
525:
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142:
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54:
768:) was renamed "Yevdokimovsky" in honor of Yevdokimov, the first secretary of the North Caucasus Krai. After Yevdokimov's arrest as an "
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924:
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In January 1934, the North Caucasian territory was divided administratively into two. One part, centred on Rostov, was renamed the
1446:
671:
For five months, Yevdokimov resisted signing any confession. Despite being severely tortured, he signed a statement declaring
547:
Yevdokimov was barred from further promotion within the OGPU for as long as it was controlled by Menzhinsky and his deputy,
1286:
306:
528:
706:
577:, objected. Orlov believed that Stalin was planning Kirov's assassination, which Yevdokimov was to have organised.
261:
243:
1160:
376:
and married a young peasant, Anastasia Arkhipovna. In 1893, two years after Yefim's birth, the family moved to
623:
In January 1937, Yevdokimov was appointed First Secretary of the Azov-Black Sea kraikom, after the incumbent,
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757:
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745:
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713:
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377:
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of the Moscow region. Based on the results of the investigation, members of the Headquarters were shot.
495:
408:
689:, and many others linked to Yezhov on a list drawn up by Beria of 346 people who were to be executed.
1381:
1376:
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who were to be arrested and executed, and 20,000 to be deported from the territory and the adjoining
385:
807:
1407:
Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1349:Краткая справка об административно-территориальных изменениях Ставропольского края за 1920—1992 гг.
769:
581:
532:
412:
373:
175:
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50:
524:
In January 1929, the First Secretary of the North Caucasus territorial committee (kraikom) of the
368:). His family were poor peasants. His father, Georgy Savvateyevich Yevdokimov, was a peasant from
969:
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773:
416:
573:, Stalin proposed to appoint him head of the Leningrad regional OGPU, but the local party boss,
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as First Secretary of the North Caucasus kraikom, and in February was elected a member of the
563:
388:, where he joined the anarcho-syndicalists, before absconding to return illegally to Siberia.
353:
223:
77:
953:
855:
Mikhail Tumshis; Alexander Papchinsky (2009). "Евдокимов и другие (Yevdokimov and Others)".
298:
692:
At his trial, on 2 February 1940, Yevdokimov withdrew his previous confession, asserting:
785:
664:
536:
404:
569:
But Stalin evidently continued to rate Yevdokimov highly. According to the OGPU officer
734:
681:
broke down on 13 April 1939, while being interrogated under torture by Beria's deputy,
653:
600:
548:
439:
357:
327:
227:
457:’s Army, despite promises of amnesty. For his work, he was quietly presented with the
309:
8 January] 1891 – 2 February 1940) was a Soviet politician and member of the
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138:
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proposed that Yevdokimov take over the task of forcing a confession out of Yagoda.
574:
499:
251:
837:
1066:
The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939
957:
686:
630:
One of those arrested during Yevdokimov's purge was Pyotr Lugovoi, secretary of
608:
322:
1427:
Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union
1292:
1212:"РГАСПИ, ф.17, оп.171, дело 377, лист 116 slide 2 of 15 – Список от 16.01.1940"
585:
365:
318:
349:
513:
This led to the first of the provincial show trials of the Stalin era, the
34:
556:
1211:
1318:
Stalin's Loyal Executioner: People's Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895–1940
1106:
Stalin's Loyal Executioner: People's Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895–1940
965:
941:
518:
510:, Yevdokimov met him, repeated his allegations, and won his support.
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In 1918 he joined the CPSU(b) and the Red Army. In 1919 he joined the
450:
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271:
247:
552:
507:
427:
369:
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Deputy People's Commissar of Water Transport of the Soviet Union
996:
Stalin and His Hangmen, The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him
482:. He was based in this territory for the next 15 years.
384:
the Verkhneudinsk prison in 1911, he was confined to the
705:
He was sentenced to death and shot the same day, at the
942:"The Soviet 1937–1938 Provincial Show Trials Revisited"
643:
about the White Guards and not know what they breathe?"
919:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan. pp. 25, 33.
772:" in 1938, the town was renamed "Molotov" in honor of
517:, in which 53 managers and engineers from the town of
1108:. Stanford CA: Hoover Institution Press. p. 55.
1412:
First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union
917:
Inside Stalin's Secret Police, NKVD Politics 1936–39
1322:. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. pp.
331:that saw millions of people executed and deported.
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764:On 19 July 1935, the village of Medvezhensky (now
16:Soviet politician and security officer (1891–1940)
1291:(in Russian). Russian-Dossier.ru. Archived from
474:In 1923, Yevdokimov was appointed head of the
8:
1028:. New York: The New Press. pp. 207–11.
449:He took part in carrying out mass terror in
861:The 1937 NKVD Great Purge Against the Cheka
1064:J. Arch Getty, and Oleg V. Naumov (1999).
910:
908:
802:
800:
112:13 March 1937 – 13 September 1937
33:
18:
1422:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1019:
1017:
1015:
531:, and two other high ranking Stalinists,
1314:Jansen, Marc and Nikolai Petrov (2002).
882:
880:
725:executed on the same day as his mother.
1442:Perpetrators of the Red Terror (Russia)
1104:Marc Jansen, and Nikita Petrov (2002).
998:. New York: Random House. p. 162.
796:
478:in the North Caucasus region, based in
1288:Евдокимов Ефим Георгиевич (1891–1940)
1161:"USSR Population Distribution (1937)"
1051:The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes
832:
830:
828:
411:, he went underground. Following the
155:13 September 1937 – May 1938
67:January 1934 – 13 March 1937
7:
407:, hiding from conscription into the
1437:Great Purge victims from Kazakhstan
1237:"Евдокимова Марина Карловна (1895)"
352:, in European Russia, or in Kopal,
282:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
193:May 1938 – 9 November 1938
888:"Евдокимов Ефим Георгиевич (1891)"
857:1937 Большая чистка НКВД против ЧК
766:Krasnogvardeyskoye, Stavropol Krai
14:
1432:Executed Great Purge perpetrators
940:Ellman, Michael (December 2003).
1417:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1262:"Евдокимов Юрий Ефимович (1920)"
584:. Yevdokimov was transferred to
543:Activities in the North Caucasus
1068:. Yale U.P. pp. 334, 439.
1053:. London: Jarrolds. p. 28.
348:Yevdokimov was born either in
1:
1397:People from Semirechye Oblast
668:news of Beria's appointment.
434:Career in the Cheka/OGPU/NKVD
317:. He was a key figure in the
1026:Fear and the Muse Kept Watch
303:Ефи́м Гео́ргиевич Евдоки́мов
295:Yefim Georgievich Yevdokimov
1266:Открытый список (Open List)
1241:Открытый список (Open List)
958:10.1080/0966813032000141123
892:Открытый списоk (Open List)
838:"Ефим Георгиевич Евдокимов"
812:Alexander Yakovlev Archives
808:"Евдокимов Ефим Георгиевич"
562:In April 1933, the writer,
1463:
1198:Stalin's Loyal Executioner
1183:Stalin's Loyal Executioner
707:Kommunarka shooting ground
603:was appointed head of the
262:Kommunarka shooting ground
244:Kommunarka shooting ground
141:Regional Committee of the
98:Regional Committee of the
53:Regional Committee of the
1392:People from Almaty Region
1049:Orlov, Alexander (1954).
994:Rayfield, Donald (2004).
915:Conquest, Robert (1985).
302:
288:
197:
186:
148:
105:
60:
44:
32:
1348:
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582:Azov-Black Sea territory
461:. The award list noted:
392:Revolutionary activities
758:Order of the Red Banner
752:Order of the Red Banner
746:Order of the Red Banner
740:Order of the Red Banner
459:Order of the Red Banner
305:; 20 January [
137:First Secretary of the
94:First Secretary of the
49:First Secretary of the
1447:Soviet rehabilitations
1140:Исторические Материалы
1091:Stalin and His Hangmen
1024:McSmith, Andy (2015).
703:
678:
645:
468:
398:Polish Socialist Party
694:
673:
640:
496:Vyacheslav Menzhinsky
463:
409:Russian Imperial Army
1196:Jansen, and Petrov.
1181:Jansen, and Petrov.
386:Kamyshinsky District
1295:on 18 February 2015
946:Europe-Asia Studies
770:enemy of the people
648:Dismissal and death
533:Sergo Ordzhonikidze
413:February Revolution
374:Semirechye Cossacks
132:Post disestablished
89:Post disestablished
774:Vyacheslav Molotov
729:Honours and awards
716:on 17 March 1956.
506:was on holiday in
417:October Revolution
39:Yevdokimov in 1938
1333:978-0-8179-2902-2
1115:978-0-8179-2902-2
1093:. pp. 285–6.
1035:978-1-59558-056-6
683:Vsevolod Merkulov
625:Boris Sheboldayev
590:Central Committee
564:Mikhail Sholokhov
490:The Shakhty Trial
354:Semirechye Oblast
292:
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224:Semirechye Oblast
78:Boris Sheboldayev
27:
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952:(8): 1305–1321.
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663:In August 1938,
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202:Personal details
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165:Post established
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122:Post established
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23:Yefim Yevdokimov
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786:The Great Purge
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712:Yevdokimov was
665:Lavrentiy Beria
650:
571:Alexander Orlov
545:
537:Anastas Mikoyan
529:Andrey Andreyev
492:
436:
405:First World War
394:
372:who joined the
346:
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278:Political party
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237:2 February 1940
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217:20 January 1891
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1402:Old Bolsheviks
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1387:Cheka officers
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1216:Stalin.memo.ru
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1200:. p. 165.
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1185:. p. 153.
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870:978-5699343607
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810:(in Russian).
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755:
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735:Order of Lenin
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1293:the original
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171:Succeeded by
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128:Succeeded by
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85:Succeeded by
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1382:1940 deaths
1377:1891 births
1356:17 February
1299:17 February
817:17 February
687:Isaac Babel
632:Veshenskaya
609:Great Purge
559:republic.
403:During the
344:Early years
323:Great Purge
284:(1917–1938)
268:Nationality
161:Preceded by
118:Preceded by
73:Preceded by
1371:Categories
1089:Rayfield.
792:References
586:Pyatigorsk
366:Kazakhstan
319:Red Terror
213:1891-01-20
974:144186196
339:Biography
189:In office
151:In office
108:In office
63:In office
1324:184, 186
1271:29 March
1246:29 March
1221:27 April
1145:24 April
979:26 April
897:29 March
780:See also
557:Dagestan
553:'kulaks'
966:3594508
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519:Shakhty
455:Wrangel
299:Russian
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720:Family
614:Stalin
599:After
480:Rostov
451:Crimea
421:Moscow
321:, the
248:Moscow
139:Rostov
1166:2 May
970:S2CID
962:JSTOR
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508:Sochi
428:Cheka
378:Chita
370:Kursk
362:Qapal
360:(now
311:Cheka
220:Kopal
1358:2015
1328:ISBN
1301:2015
1273:2022
1248:2022
1223:2023
1168:2023
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1110:ISBN
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921:ISBN
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865:ISBN
819:2015
605:NKVD
535:and
526:CPSU
476:OGPU
350:Perm
325:and
315:OGPU
313:and
307:O.S.
234:Died
207:Born
143:CPSU
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