1433:(a local beverage in Nigeria). Kunu is a nonalcoholic beverage prepared mainly from cereals (such as millet or sorghum) by heating and mixing with spices (dandelion, alligator pepper, ginger, licorice) and sugar. To make up for the poor nutritional value of kunu prepared from cereals, tiger nut was found to be a good substitute for cereal grains. Tiger nut oil can be used naturally with salads or for deep frying. It is considered to be a high-quality oil. Tiger nut "milk" has been tried as an alternative source of milk in fermented products, such as yogurt production, and other fermented products common in some African countries and can thus be useful replacing
42:
918:–1 in) in diameter and the colors vary between yellow, brown, and black. One plant can produce several hundred to several thousand tubers during a single growing season. With cool temperatures, the foliage, roots, rhizomes, and basal bulbs die, but the tubers survive and resprout the following spring when soil temperatures remain above 6 °C (43 °F). They can resprout up to several years later. When the tubers germinate, many rhizomes are initiated and end in a basal bulb near the soil surface. These basal bulbs initiate the stems and leaves above ground, and fibrous roots underground.
1257:
system difficult to remove intact. Intermediate rhizomes can potentially reach a length of 60 cm. The plant can quickly regenerate if a single tuber is left in place. By competing for light, water and nutrients it can reduce the vigour of neighbouring plants. It can develop into a dense colony. Patch boundaries can increase by more than one meter per year. Tubers and seed disperse with agricultural activities, soil movement or by water and wind. They are often known as a contaminant in crop seeds. When plants are small they are hard to distinguish from other weeds such as
1174:
86:
1366:
1242:
1282:
the sun and can take up to three months. The temperatures and humidity levels have to be monitored very carefully during this period. The tiger nuts have to be turned every day to ensure uniform drying. The drying process ensures a longer shelf life. This prevents rot or other bacterial infections, securing quality and high nutrition levels. Disadvantages in the drying process are shrinkage, skin wrinkles and hard nut texture.
1489:. The nuts have to be prepared in a prescribed manner to prevent harm to the fish. The nuts are soaked in water for 24 hours, and then boiled for 20 minutes or longer until fully expanded. Some anglers then leave the boiled nuts to ferment for 24–48 hours, which can enhance their effectiveness. If the nuts are not properly prepared, they can be toxic to carp. This was originally thought to have been the cause of death of
61:
1457:. One study found that chufa produced 1.5 metric tonnes of oil per hectare (174 gallons/acre) based on a tuber yield of 5.67 t/ha and an oil content of 26.4%. A similar 6-year study found tuber yields ranging from 4.02 to 6.75 t/ha, with an average oil content of 26.5% and an average oil yield of 1.47 t/ha. The oil of the tuber was found to contain 18% saturated (
1342:) is the original form of horchata. It is made from soaked, ground and sweetened tiger nuts mixed with sugar and water. It remains popular in Spain, where a regulating council exists to ensure the quality and traceability of the product in relation to the designation of origin. There it is served ice-cold as a natural refreshment in the summer, often served with
1281:
Harvest usually occurs in
November or December and the leaves are scorched during the harvest. With a combine harvester, the tiger nut is pulled out of the ground. Immediately after harvesting, the tiger nuts are washed with water in order to remove sand and small stones. The drying occurs usually in
1256:
is extremely difficult to remove completely once established. This is due to the plant having a stratified and layered root system, with tubers and roots being interconnected to a depth of 36 cm or more. The tubers are connected by fragile roots that are prone to snapping when pulled, making the root
1232:
They are planted between April and May and must be irrigated every week until they are harvested in
November and December. Tubers develop about 6–8 weeks after seedling emergence and grow quickly during July and August. The maturing is around 90–110 days. The average yield can approach between 10 and
2481:
Roselló-Soto, Elena; Poojary, Mahesha M.; Barba, Francisco J.; Koubaa, Mohamed; Lorenzo, Jose M.; Mañes, Jordi; Moltó, Juan Carlos (2018). "Thermal and non-thermal preservation techniques of tiger nuts' beverage "horchata de chufa". Implications for food safety, nutritional and quality properties".
1540:
tubers were consumed either boiled in beer, roasted, or as sweets made of ground tubers with honey. The tubers were also used medicinally, taken orally, as an ointment, or as an enema, and used in fumigants to sweeten the smell of homes or clothing. Chufa continued to be an important source of food
1212:
Tubers can develop in soil depths around 30 cm, but most occur in the top or upper part. They tolerate many adverse soil conditions including periods of drought and flooding and survive soil temperatures around −5 °C (23 °F). They grow best on sandy, moist soils at a pH between 5.0 – 7.5.
819:
1290:
Tiger nut loses a considerable amount of water during drying and storage. The starch content of the tiger nut tubers decreases and the reducing sugar (invert sugar) content increases during storage. Tiger nut can be stored dry and rehydrated by soaking without losing the crisp texture. Soaking is
1228:
is normally planted on previously tilled flat soils with ridges to facilitate irrigation. Seeds are planted manually on these ridges, which are approximately 60 cm (2 ft) apart. Distances between seeds may vary from 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in) and seeding depth is around 8 cm
1428:
Flour of roasted tiger nut is sometimes added to biscuits and other bakery products as well as in making oil, soap, and starch extracts. It is also used for the production of nougat, jam, beer, and as a flavoring agent in ice cream and in the preparation of
897: in) long and linear to narrowly elliptic with pointed tips and 8 to 35 florets. The color varies from straw-colored to gold-brown. They can produce up to 2420 seeds per plant. The plant foliage is very tough and fibrous and is often mistaken for a
1391:(purple nutsedge). They are quite hard and are generally soaked in water before they can be eaten, making them much softer and giving them a better texture. They are a popular snack in West Africa. The tubers can also be dried and ground into flour.
2698:
Bilali et al., "Exploring
Serbian consumers’ attitude toward ethical values of organic, fair-trade and typical/traditional products" The Fifth International Scientific Conference, Rural Development 2011, Proceedings, Volume 5, Book 1, p.
2663:
Makareviciene, Violeta; Gumbyte, Milda; Yunik, Anatolii; Kalenska, Svitlana; Kalenskii, Viktor; Rachmetov, Dzhamal; Sendzikiene, Egle (2013). "Opportunities for the use of chufa sedge in biodiesel production".
1493:, a large, well-known female carp weighing 54 lb (24 kg) found floating dead in a fishing lake, with a bag of unprepared tiger nuts lying nearby, empty, on the bank. An examination of the fish by a
1780:
Sánchez‐Zapata, Elena; Fernández‐López, Juana; Pérez‐Alvarez, José Angel (2012-07-01). "Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) Commercialization: Health
Aspects, Composition, Properties, and Food Applications".
1200:
cultivation requires a mild climate. Low temperature, shade, and light intensity can inhibit flowering. Tuber initiation is inhibited by high levels of nitrogen, long photoperiods, and high levels of
1269:. Thus it is hard to discover in an early stage and therefore hard to counteract. Once it is detected, mechanical removal, hand removal, grazing, damping, and herbicides can be used to inhibit
2972:
955:). These two sedges are difficult to distinguish from each other and can be found growing on the same site. Some differences are the purple spikelets and the tubers formed by
1425:
and after softening it by soaking in water, it is sold on hand carts as a street food. Its popularity was depicted in movies, such as the song named after it, "Hab el Aziz".
2370:
Pascual-Seva, N., San
Bautista, A., López Galarza, S., Maroto, J.V. and Pascual, B. 2012. Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency for Ridge - and Bed - cultivated Chufa (
1298:(Regulating Council for Valencia's Tiger Nuts), the nutritional composition/100 ml of the Spanish beverage horchata de chufas is as follows: energy content around 66 kcal,
837:
plant, growing to 90 centimetres (3 feet) tall, with solitary stems growing from a tuber. The plant is reproduced by seeds, creeping rhizomes, and tubers. Due to its
3242:
2919:
2010:
Renne, Ian J.; Tracy, Benjamin F. (2006-08-30). "Disturbance persistence in managed grasslands: shifts in aboveground community structure and the weed seed bank".
1877:
1680:
1402:
and it is usually eaten fresh. It is sometimes dried and later rehydrated and eaten. A snack made by toasting the nuts and sugar coating it is popular among the
810:
is considered a weed. It is often found in wet soils such as rice paddies and peanut farms as well as well-irrigated lawns and golf courses during warm weather.
3330:
1291:
often done overnight. Dried tiger nuts have a hard texture and soaking is required to render them more easily edible and to ensure acceptable sensory quality.
3551:
1338:
In Spain, the drink now known as horchata de chufa (also sometimes called horchata de chufas or, in West
African countries such as Nigeria and Mali,
3180:
2122:^ USGS Weeds in the West project: Status of introduced Plants in Southern Arizona Parks, Factsheets for Cyperus esculentus L., 2003, Tucson, Arizona
3268:
3193:
2832:
Moshe, N (1992). "A Sweetmeat Plant, a
Perfume Plant and their Weedy Relatives: A Chapter in the History of C. Esculentus L. and C. Rotundus L.".
3428:
3366:
2581:
2150:
942:) have grass-like leaves and resemble each other in the appearance. They can mainly be distinguished from grasses by their triangular stems.
3606:
2138:
1850:
959:
are often multiple instead of just one at the tip. In addition the tubers have a bitter taste instead of the mild almond-like flavour of
3348:
845:
can take advantage of soil disturbances caused by anthropogenic or natural forces. The stems are triangular in section and bear slender
1705:
901:. The roots are an extensive and complex system of fine, fibrous roots and scaly rhizomes with small, hard, spherical tubers and basal
3576:
3556:
3154:
2339:
1934:
2718:
3601:
2539:
2055:"Twelve years of repeated wild hog activity promotes population maintenance of an invasive clonal plant in a coastal dune ecosystem"
1824:
41:
869:
inch) wide. The spikelets of the plant are distinctive, with a cluster of flat, oval seeds surrounded by four hanging, leaf-like
3581:
3229:
2942:
1634:
3586:
3490:
2816:
3407:
3273:
2421:
Coşkuner, Yalçın; Ercan, Recai; Karababa, Erşan; Nazlıcan, Ahmet Nedim (2002). "Physical and chemical properties of chufa (
3505:
3317:
1755:
1552:
from the 15th century BCE, shows peasants preparing and measuring tiger nuts to make votive cakes as offerings to the god
1186:
1870:
3454:
3255:
3079:
3056:
1911:
2595:
3335:
3495:
3441:
2185:
1385:
raw or cooked. They have a slightly sweet, nutty flavour, compared to the more bitter-tasting tuber of the related
1322:
Dried tiger nut has a smooth, tender, sweet, and nutty taste. It can be consumed raw, roasted, dried, baked or as
2164:
1011:
2884:
85:
3596:
3571:
3561:
3371:
3446:
2460:
2619:
3172:
3027:
3566:
3167:
3094:
2989:
3084:
806:
outside its native range, and is readily transported accidentally to become invasive. In many countries,
2271:
202:
3198:
2636:
Zhang, He Yuan; Hanna, Milford A; Ali, Yusuf; Nan, Lu (1996). "Yellow nut-sedge tuber oil as a fuel".
2529:
1173:
3358:
3128:
2753:
1229:(3 in). A typical seeding rate for chufa is about 120 kg of tubers/ha (107 lbs/acre).
786:, called earth almonds or tiger nuts (due to the stripes on their tubers and their hard shell), as a
1604:
2573:
2142:
1510:
1182:
775:
50:
3309:
1497:
concluded tiger nut poisoning was not the cause of death, but rather the fish had died naturally.
3523:
3120:
2888:
2849:
2224:
2216:
2179:
2035:
1346:. The majority of the Spanish tiger nut crop is utilised in the production of horchata de chufa.
1259:
226:
80:
3515:
3433:
2387:
Reid WS, Hergert GB, Fagan WE, 1972. Development of a
Prototype mechanical Harvester for Chufa (
2359:
2199:
Stoller, E. W.; Wax, L. M. (1973-01-01). "Yellow
Nutsedge Shoot Emergence and Tuber Longevity".
3247:
3392:
3102:
2812:
2789:
2771:
2681:
2587:
2577:
2545:
2535:
2507:
2499:
2335:
2156:
2146:
2092:
2074:
2027:
1846:
1798:
1533:
1354:
923:
758:
widespread across much of the world. It is found in most of the
Eastern Hemisphere, including
3591:
3397:
3286:
2880:
2841:
2779:
2761:
2673:
2645:
2491:
2434:
2208:
2082:
2066:
2019:
1974:
1790:
1599:
1407:
1395:
1387:
1365:
1265:
1201:
991:, mainly by seed dispersion. It is readily transported internationally, and is adaptable to
947:
803:
3221:
1241:
3379:
2525:
1881:
1327:
1005:
759:
123:
2242:
3038:
2757:
2296:
1816:
1730:
3420:
3415:
2784:
2741:
2087:
2054:
1559:
1542:
1525:
110:
1965:) Commercialization: Health Aspects, Composition, Properties, and Food Applications".
1581:
1453:
contain 20-36% oil, it has been suggested as potential oil crop for the production of
3545:
3281:
2649:
1978:
1794:
1590:
1521:
1490:
1470:
1458:
1163:
1131:
1051:
984:
218:
136:
70:
65:
2892:
2853:
2710:
2228:
2039:
1626:
3528:
3107:
1462:
1415:
1403:
1374:
1303:
1143:
1083:
830:
3048:
2677:
2495:
1961:
Sánchez-Zapata, E; Fernández-López, J; Angel Pérez-Alvarez, J (2012). "Tiger Nut (
3459:
3296:
3061:
2766:
3482:
3322:
3304:
3206:
3021:
1655:
1494:
1486:
1123:
1115:
771:
149:
3012:
2978:
17:
2938:
2212:
2023:
1545:, and cultivation of the plant remained exclusively in Egypt. The tomb of the
1474:
1466:
787:
767:
755:
169:
3159:
2775:
2685:
2591:
2503:
2160:
2078:
2031:
1802:
3141:
1454:
1055:
1020:
988:
834:
3260:
2793:
2511:
2096:
1903:
1532:, dating to around 16,000 BC. Dry tubers also appear later in tombs of the
3472:
2920:"Loathed By Farmers, Loved By Ancients: The Strange History Of Tiger Nuts"
2569:
Edible Wild Plants: A North American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
2567:
2549:
2132:
1681:"Loathed By Farmers, Loved By Ancients: The Strange History of Tiger Nuts"
3467:
3343:
3071:
3006:
2742:"Baboon Feeding Ecology Informs the Dietary Niche of Paranthropus boisei"
1549:
1524:, where it was an important food. Roots of wild chufa have been found at
1347:
1323:
1204:. Flower initiation occurs under photoperiods of 12 to 14 hours per day.
1167:
1162:, where they are used primarily as animal feed or as a side dish, but in
1155:
1099:
1024:
792:
3384:
1884:
includes photographs plus distribution maps for Europe and North America
1817:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
3185:
3115:
2948:
2845:
2220:
1506:
1438:
1370:
1343:
1299:
1111:
1071:
1047:
976:
898:
838:
179:
2711:"The extraordinary life and suspicious death of Benson the giant carp"
2438:
2070:
1217:
are often found in low-lying wetlands. They do not tolerate salinity.
999:, it is an exotic clonal weed favorable to establish in wet habitats.
3211:
1546:
1382:
1307:
1127:
1079:
1067:
1059:
980:
935:
763:
159:
2983:
1706:"Is Atadwe (Tiger Nuts) Good for You? Health Benefits of Tiger Nuts"
3234:
3146:
2452:
1529:
1364:
1151:
1139:
1135:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1075:
1063:
1043:
1039:
996:
902:
870:
817:
783:
97:
2807:
Sanderson, Helen (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.).
2301:(Cyperaceae, Poales): two sides of the same coin (weed vs. crop)"
951:) is another weedy sedge that is similar to the yellow nutsedge (
873:
positioned 90 degrees from each other. They are 5 to 30 mm (
3133:
1553:
1434:
1430:
1159:
1147:
1095:
1091:
1087:
846:
818:
2987:
2358:
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2013 11(1), 258-267.
1999:. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
1847:"Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map"
1684:
1563:) named after the Fatimid ruler who was reputedly fond of it.
1311:
2360:
http://revistas.inia.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/3385/1803
2885:
10.1614/0890-037x(2002)016[0901:yncels]2.0.co;2
1520:
was one of the oldest cultivated plants in prehistoric and
2409:
1871:
Altervista Flora Italiana, Zigolo dolce, Yellow Nutsedge,
2909:, third edition (Oxford: University Press, 2000), p. 198
1556:. The modern name for tiger nuts in Egypt is حب العزيز
2053:
Oldfield, Callie A.; Evans, Jonathan P. (2016-03-01).
1997:
Yellow Nut Sedge: A Menace in the Corn Belt (No. 1642)
1967:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
1783:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
802:
can be found wild, as a weed, or as a crop. It is an
2996:
2425:L) tubers grown in the Çukurova region of Turkey".
1935:"What Are Tiger Nuts And Why Should You Eat Them?"
1485:The boiled nuts are used in the UK as a bait for
2356:Furrow-irrigated chufa crops in Valencia (Spain)
1514:(the "Nutcracker Man") subsisted on tiger nuts.
2534:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 58.
1605:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T164083A17636573.en
2427:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
2566:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
2297:"A molecular survey concerning the origin of
8:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
1353:The tubers can be roasted and ground into a
995:in varied climate and soil environments. In
2330:Ross, Merrill A.; Lembi, Carole A. (2008).
1421:In Egypt, tiger nuts are known by the name
2984:
2334:(3 ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 322.
1015:(yellow nut-sedge moth) in North America.
59:
40:
31:
2783:
2765:
2086:
1603:
1350:is the most important production centre.
2907:Domestication of plants in the Old World
2631:
2629:
2395:). Canadian Agricultural Engineering 14.
2134:The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1956:
1954:
1627:"Cyperus esculentus L. — The Plant List"
1240:
1172:
2867:Defelice, MS (2002). "Yellow Nutsedge:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1572:
1505:It has been suggested that the extinct
1166:countries they are used mainly to make
241:
2455:Consejo Regulador de Chufa de Valencia
2177:
1296:Consejo Regulador de Chufa de Valencia
2614:
2612:
2561:
2559:
1990:
1988:
1418:and later sieved and served chilled.
7:
3496:a6471d4c-b68f-466b-9f70-793aa4e99bdb
3359:6a479d2d-f66e-4e80-b8f0-0acf58f73645
2979:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
2721:from the original on 18 October 2009
2139:United States Department of the Army
1536:, around 3000 BC. During that time,
1437:in the diet of people intolerant to
1414:is made by processing the nuts with
3552:IUCN Red List least concern species
2459:. Chufadevalencia.org. 2002-12-31.
1591:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1369:Dried tubers sold at the market of
1827:from the original on April 5, 2011
1023:through ocean currents before the
25:
2939:"Ancient Egyptian Tiger Nut Cake"
2740:Macho, Gabriele A. (2014-01-08).
2531:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
427:(Torr. & Hook.) Kük. ex Osten
3447:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:300668-2
2378:). Acta Hort. (ISHS) 936:125-132
1979:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00190.x
1795:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2012.00190.x
1735:University of Maryland Extension
975:is a highly invasive species in
922:is wind pollinated and requires
908:The tubers are 0.3–2.5 cm (
84:
2944:Tasting History with Max Miller
2871:L. — Snack Food of the Gods1".
2598:from the original on 2023-02-13
2463:from the original on 2018-09-29
2167:from the original on 2022-09-22
1914:from the original on 2 May 2019
1853:from the original on 2014-08-08
1637:from the original on 2020-06-01
1177:Cultivation and growing of the
796:, a sweet, milk-like beverage.
754:) is a species of plant in the
2937:Miller, Max (31 August 2021).
2905:Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf,
2809:The Cultural History of Plants
2709:Bailey, John (5 August 2009).
1679:Chen, Angus (April 27, 2016).
1237:Compatibility with other crops
1170:, a sweet, milk-like beverage.
1:
2678:10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.036
2666:Industrial Crops and Products
2638:Industrial Crops and Products
2496:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.014
1187:Valencian Museum of Ethnology
782:is cultivated for its edible
2767:10.1371/journal.pone.0084942
2650:10.1016/0926-6690(96)89446-5
1003:serves as a larval host for
926:as it is self–incompatible.
403:(Schrad. ex Nees) C.B.Clarke
3607:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2484:Food Research International
2276:www.butterfliesandmoths.org
1213:The densest populations of
790:and for the preparation of
247:(K.Richt.) Palla ex Kneuck.
27:Species of grass-like plant
3623:
1910:. CABI. 19 November 2018.
1277:Harvest and drying process
3577:Flora of Southern America
3557:Flora of Northern America
2811:. Routledge. p. 74.
2404:Tigernuts Traders, S.L.,
2354:N. Pascual-Seva, et al.,
2213:10.1017/S004317450003174X
2024:10.1007/s11258-006-9191-7
1558:(Hab el Aziz = grains of
1410:. Also, a drink known as
1012:Diploschizia impigritella
232:
225:
208:
201:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3602:Plants described in 1753
439:(Torr. & Hook.) Kük.
252:Chlorocyperus phymatodes
2410:http://www.tigernut.com
1465:) and 82% unsaturated (
704:Pterocyperus esculentus
3582:Flora of the Caribbean
2272:"Yellow Nutsedge Moth"
2184:: CS1 maint: others (
1995:Stoller, E.W. (1981).
1756:"Chufa (Earth Almond)"
1598:: e.T164083A17636573.
1378:
1250:
1189:
983:, some regions of the
823:
822:Young plant with tuber
3587:Edible nuts and seeds
2059:Ecology and Evolution
1441:to a certain extent.
1368:
1244:
1176:
821:
300:Cyperus chrysostachys
2332:Applied Weed Science
2145:. 2009. p. 43.
1631:www.theplantlist.org
1449:Since the tubers of
1193:Climate requirements
580:Cyperus melanorhizus
532:Cyperus gracilescens
316:Cyperus damiettensis
244:Chlorocyperus aureus
2758:2014PLoSO...984942M
2251:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
2143:Skyhorse Publishing
1656:"Chufa Information"
1511:Paranthropus boisei
1245:The seed head of a
1221:Cultivation process
1183:Valencian Community
1019:likely reached the
776:Indian subcontinent
750:, and in Chishona,
683:Roem. & Schult.
656:Cyperus sieberianus
596:Cyperus officinalis
463:(Boeckeler) Fernald
51:Conservation status
3349:Cyperus~esculentus
3028:Cyperus esculentus
2998:Cyperus esculentus
2974:Cyperus esculentus
2869:Cyperus esculentus
2846:10.1007/bf02985255
2423:Cyperus esculentus
2389:Cyperus esculentus
2372:Cyperus Esculentus
2311:(5): 733–745. 2015
2299:Cyperus esculentus
2245:Cyperus esculentus
1963:Cyperus esculentus
1908:(yellow nutsedge)"
1906:Cyperus esculentus
1880:2014-07-21 at the
1873:Cyperus esculentus
1584:Cyperus esculentus
1580:Kumar, B. (2013).
1538:C. esculentus
1534:Predynastic period
1518:Cyperus esculentus
1379:
1271:C. esculentus
1260:Dactylis glomerata
1254:Cyperus esculentus
1251:
1247:Cyperus esculentus
1226:Cyperus esculentus
1215:C. esculentus
1198:Cyperus esculentus
1190:
1036:Cyperus esculentus
1017:Cyperus esculentus
1009:(dun skipper) and
1001:Cyperus esculentus
973:Cyperus esculentus
920:C. esculentus
849:3–10 millimetres (
843:C. esculentus
827:Cyperus esculentus
824:
808:C. esculentus
800:Cyperus esculentus
780:C. esculentus
727:Cyperus esculentus
712:Pycreus esculentus
696:Cyperus variabilis
680:Cyperus tenorianus
664:Cyperus tenoreanus
648:Cyperus scirpoides
627:(Buckley) S.Watson
620:Cyperus phymatodes
612:Cyperus phymatodes
548:Cyperus heermannii
524:Cyperus fulvescens
504:Cyperus esculentus
492:Cyperus esculentus
480:Cyperus esculentus
468:Cyperus esculentus
456:Cyperus esculentus
444:Cyperus esculentus
432:Cyperus esculentus
420:Cyperus esculentus
408:Cyperus esculentus
396:Cyperus esculentus
384:Cyperus esculentus
372:Cyperus esculentus
360:Cyperus esculentus
348:Cyperus esculentus
336:Cyperus esculentus
324:Cyperus esculentus
284:Cyperus buchananii
212:Cyperus esculentus
194:C. esculentus
3539:
3538:
3393:Open Tree of Life
2990:Taxon identifiers
2583:978-1-4027-6715-9
2439:10.1002/jsfa.1091
2152:978-1-60239-692-0
2071:10.1002/ece3.2045
1731:"Yellow nutsedge"
1355:coffee substitute
1294:According to the
1208:Soil requirements
1038:is cultivated in
945:Purple nutsedge (
924:cross pollination
793:horchata de chufa
770:, as well as the
723:
722:
716:
708:
700:
692:
688:Cyperus tuberosus
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
640:Cyperus ruficomus
636:
628:
616:
608:
600:
592:
584:
576:
575:Torr. & Hook.
572:Cyperus lutescens
568:
560:
552:
544:
536:
528:
520:
512:
500:
488:
476:
464:
452:
440:
428:
416:
404:
392:
391:(Buckley) Britton
380:
368:
367:Boeckeler ex Kük.
356:
344:
343:(Britton) Fernald
332:
320:
312:
304:
296:
292:Cyperus callistus
288:
280:
276:Cyperus bahiensis
272:
264:
256:
248:
238:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3614:
3532:
3531:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3388:
3387:
3375:
3374:
3362:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3339:
3338:
3326:
3325:
3323:NBNSYS0200003712
3313:
3312:
3300:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3251:
3250:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3202:
3201:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3175:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3052:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2985:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2910:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2769:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2526:Angier, Bradford
2522:
2516:
2515:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2418:
2412:
2402:
2396:
2385:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2305:Annals of Botany
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2065:(8): 2569–2578.
2050:
2044:
2043:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1900:
1885:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1577:
1408:Northern Nigeria
1396:Northern Nigeria
1388:Cyperus rotundus
1310:at least 1.9 g,
1266:Elytrigia repens
1202:gibberellic acid
994:
917:
916:
912:
896:
895:
891:
888:
882:
881:
877:
868:
867:
863:
858:
857:
853:
804:invasive species
714:
706:
699:Salzm. ex Steud.
698:
690:
682:
674:
666:
658:
650:
642:
634:
626:
614:
606:
604:Cyperus pallidus
598:
590:
588:Cyperus nervosus
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
540:Cyperus gracilis
534:
526:
518:
516:Cyperus fresenii
510:
498:
486:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
414:
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
330:
318:
310:
308:Cyperus cubensis
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
246:
236:
214:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3597:Root vegetables
3572:Flora of Africa
3562:Flora of Europe
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3527:
3522:
3514:
3512:
3506:yellow-nutsedge
3504:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3479:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3445:
3440:
3432:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3391:
3383:
3380:Observation.org
3378:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3308:
3303:
3295:
3294:MichiganFlora:
3293:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3246:
3241:
3233:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3205:
3197:
3192:
3184:
3179:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3153:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3060:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2992:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2873:Weed Technology
2866:
2865:
2861:
2834:Economic Botany
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2599:
2584:
2576:. p. 130.
2565:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2403:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2369:
2365:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2104:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1888:
1882:Wayback Machine
1869:
1865:
1856:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1543:Dynastic period
1503:
1483:
1447:
1398:, it is called
1381:The tubers are
1363:
1336:
1328:tiger nut drink
1320:
1306:over 10 g with
1288:
1279:
1239:
1223:
1210:
1195:
1033:
1006:Euphyes vestris
992:
970:
932:
930:Similar species
914:
910:
909:
893:
889:
886:
884:
879:
875:
874:
865:
861:
860:
855:
851:
850:
816:
760:Southern Europe
744:yellow nutsedge
719:
672:Cyperus tenorei
559:Schrad. ex Nees
556:Cyperus helodes
340:angustispicatus
328:angustispicatus
240:
239:
221:
216:
210:
197:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
18:Yellow nutsedge
15:
12:
11:
5:
3620:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:wfo-0000372964
3520:
3510:
3500:
3487:
3477:
3464:
3451:
3438:
3425:
3412:
3402:
3389:
3376:
3363:
3353:
3340:
3327:
3314:
3301:
3291:
3278:
3265:
3252:
3239:
3226:
3216:
3203:
3190:
3177:
3164:
3151:
3138:
3125:
3112:
3099:
3089:
3076:
3066:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3018:
3002:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2968:
2967:External links
2965:
2962:
2961:
2929:
2911:
2898:
2859:
2824:
2817:
2799:
2732:
2701:
2691:
2655:
2644:(3): 177–181.
2625:
2620:"Hab' el Aziz"
2608:
2582:
2555:
2540:
2517:
2473:
2444:
2433:(6): 625–631.
2413:
2397:
2380:
2363:
2347:
2341:978-0135028148
2340:
2322:
2288:
2263:
2234:
2191:
2151:
2124:
2102:
2045:
2002:
1984:
1950:
1933:Nazish, Noma.
1925:
1886:
1863:
1838:
1808:
1789:(4): 366–377.
1772:
1760:Chest of Books
1747:
1722:
1697:
1671:
1647:
1618:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1526:Wadi Kubbaniya
1502:
1499:
1482:
1479:
1446:
1443:
1362:
1359:
1335:
1332:
1324:tiger nut milk
1319:
1316:
1314:at least 2 g.
1302:around 0.5 g,
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1194:
1191:
1185:, file by the
1032:
1029:
969:
966:
965:
964:
943:
931:
928:
815:
812:
721:
720:
718:
717:
709:
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
661:
653:
645:
637:
632:Cyperus repens
629:
617:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
569:
561:
553:
545:
537:
529:
521:
513:
501:
489:
477:
465:
453:
441:
429:
417:
405:
393:
381:
369:
357:
345:
333:
321:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
268:Cyperus aureus
265:
260:Cyperus aureus
257:
249:
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
223:
222:
217:
206:
205:
199:
198:
191:
189:
185:
184:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3619:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Flora of Asia
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:(1): e84942.
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2733:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2541:0-8117-0616-8
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2406:Tigernuts Oil
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2376:Sativus Boeck
2373:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2289:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:Plant Ecology
2006:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1973:(4): 366–77.
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1773:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1576:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:Ancient Egypt
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:linoleic acid
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:palmitic acid
1456:
1452:
1451:C. esculentus
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:carbohydrates
1301:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:Guinea Bissau
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:United States
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
985:United States
982:
978:
974:
967:
962:
961:C. esculentus
958:
954:
953:C. esculentus
950:
949:
944:
941:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
925:
921:
906:
904:
900:
872:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:(also called
729:
728:
713:
710:
705:
702:
697:
694:
689:
686:
681:
678:
673:
670:
665:
662:
657:
654:
649:
646:
641:
638:
633:
630:
625:
621:
618:
613:
610:
605:
602:
597:
594:
589:
586:
581:
578:
573:
570:
565:
564:Cyperus hydra
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
541:
538:
533:
530:
525:
522:
517:
514:
509:
505:
502:
497:
493:
490:
485:
481:
478:
473:
469:
466:
461:
460:macrostachyus
457:
454:
449:
448:macrostachyus
445:
442:
437:
433:
430:
425:
421:
418:
413:
412:leptostachyus
409:
406:
401:
397:
394:
389:
385:
382:
377:
373:
370:
365:
361:
358:
353:
349:
346:
341:
337:
334:
329:
325:
322:
317:
314:
309:
306:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
255:(Muhl.) Palla
253:
250:
245:
242:
231:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
207:
204:
203:Binomial name
200:
196:
195:
190:
187:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:Tracheophytes
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2997:
2973:
2952:. Retrieved
2943:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2906:
2901:
2879:(4): 901–7.
2876:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2808:
2802:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2715:The Guardian
2714:
2704:
2694:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2641:
2637:
2600:. Retrieved
2572:. New York:
2568:
2530:
2520:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2465:. Retrieved
2454:
2447:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2405:
2400:
2393:sativus Boek
2392:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2355:
2350:
2331:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2308:
2304:
2298:
2291:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2244:
2237:
2207:(1): 76–81.
2204:
2201:Weed Science
2200:
2194:
2169:. Retrieved
2141:. New York:
2133:
2127:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2018:(1): 71–80.
2015:
2011:
2005:
1996:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1942:. Retrieved
1938:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1905:
1872:
1866:
1855:. Retrieved
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1820:
1811:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1714:. Retrieved
1712:. 2015-11-15
1709:
1700:
1688:. Retrieved
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1650:
1639:. Retrieved
1630:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1595:
1589:
1583:
1575:
1557:
1537:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1484:
1481:Fishing bait
1463:stearic acid
1450:
1448:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1406:children of
1399:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1375:Burkina Faso
1352:
1339:
1337:
1321:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1211:
1197:
1196:
1178:
1144:Burkina Faso
1084:Saudi Arabia
1035:
1034:
1016:
1010:
1004:
1000:
993:re-establish
972:
971:
960:
956:
952:
946:
939:
919:
907:
842:
826:
825:
807:
799:
798:
791:
779:
756:sedge family
751:
748:earth almond
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
725:
724:
711:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
619:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
555:
547:
539:
531:
523:
515:
507:
503:
495:
491:
483:
479:
475:(Muhl.) Kük.
471:
467:
459:
455:
447:
443:
435:
431:
423:
419:
411:
407:
399:
395:
387:
383:
375:
371:
363:
359:
351:
347:
339:
335:
327:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
211:
209:
193:
192:
180:
143:
130:
117:
104:
35:Chufa sedge
29:
3305:NatureServe
3207:iNaturalist
3022:Wikispecies
2672:: 633–637.
2490:: 945–951.
2256:19 December
1821:Kew Science
1611:25 November
1528:, north of
1495:taxidermist
1475:fatty acids
1423:Hab el-Aziz
1124:South Sudan
1116:Ivory Coast
1031:Cultivation
957:C. rotundus
948:C. rotundus
814:Description
772:Middle East
150:Commelinids
124:Angiosperms
3546:Categories
3513:WisFlora:
3421:kew-236532
3416:Plant List
3092:Calflora:
2954:25 January
2818:0415927463
2602:2021-01-14
2467:2012-06-05
2315:22 January
2281:22 January
2171:2022-06-15
1944:2022-01-17
1918:31 October
1857:2014-07-24
1831:January 5,
1765:January 5,
1740:January 5,
1716:2020-04-29
1690:January 5,
1665:2020-04-29
1660:Seed World
1641:2014-02-08
1567:References
1467:oleic acid
987:, and the
905:attached.
788:snack food
768:Madagascar
715:(L.) Hayek
624:heermannii
511:C.B.Clarke
487:C.B.Clarke
472:phymatodes
388:heermannii
379:C.B.Clarke
364:cyclolepis
271:(L.) Nyman
170:Cyperaceae
3173:220003732
2840:: 64–71.
2776:1932-6203
2686:0926-6690
2592:244766414
2504:0963-9969
2180:cite book
2161:277203364
2079:2045-7758
2032:1385-0237
1803:1541-4337
1710:GhanaStar
1455:biodiesel
1412:kunun aya
1340:kunun aya
1233:19 t/ha.
1056:Guatemala
1021:new world
989:Caribbean
835:perennial
736:tiger nut
707:(L.) Opiz
499:Boeckeler
451:Boeckeler
436:lutescens
424:lutescens
415:Boeckeler
303:Boeckeler
287:Boeckeler
188:Species:
94:Kingdom:
3491:VicFlora
3480:VASCAN:
3468:Tropicos
3344:NSWFlora
3310:2.131266
3248:11092538
3235:304436-1
3069:BioLib:
3013:Q1165724
3007:Wikidata
2893:85720525
2854:37815353
2794:24416315
2746:PLOS ONE
2725:21 March
2719:Archived
2596:Archived
2574:Sterling
2528:(1974).
2512:29433293
2461:Archived
2408:, 2012,
2374:L. var.
2229:83193492
2165:Archived
2097:27110354
2040:45148808
1912:Archived
1878:Archived
1851:Archived
1825:Archived
1635:Archived
1550:Rekhmire
1348:Alboraya
1330:or oil.
1300:proteins
1168:horchata
1164:Hispanic
1156:Cameroon
1100:Pakistan
1025:Holocene
841:nature,
774:and the
484:princeps
376:evolutus
355:K.Richt.
319:A.Dietr.
237:Synonymy
227:Synonyms
166:Family:
137:Monocots
71:IUCN 3.1
3592:Cyperus
3473:9901112
3336:1053340
3186:2716226
3134:1121991
3116:Ecocrop
2949:YouTube
2785:3885648
2754:Bibcode
2391:L. var
2221:4042258
2088:4834338
1560:Al-Aziz
1541:in the
1507:hominin
1501:History
1439:lactose
1371:Banfora
1344:fartons
1286:Storage
1181:in the
1112:Morocco
1072:Lebanon
1048:Nigeria
977:Oceania
968:Ecology
940:Cyperus
913:⁄
892:⁄
878:⁄
864:⁄
854:⁄
675:C.Presl
667:Schult.
643:Buckley
635:Elliott
591:Bertol.
551:Buckley
535:Schult.
508:sprucei
496:sativus
400:helodes
350:subsp.
331:Britton
181:Cyperus
176:Genus:
156:Order:
98:Plantae
69: (
3429:PLANTS
3398:362401
3356:NZOR:
3287:164083
3160:187201
3085:395577
3049:156702
3046:APDB:
3036:AoFP:
2891:
2852:
2815:
2792:
2782:
2774:
2684:
2590:
2580:
2550:799792
2548:
2538:
2510:
2502:
2338:
2227:
2219:
2159:
2149:
2095:
2085:
2077:
2038:
2030:
1939:Forbes
1801:
1547:vizier
1491:Benson
1383:edible
1308:starch
1158:, and
1128:Gambia
1080:Jordan
1068:Brazil
1060:Mexico
981:Mexico
936:Sedges
871:bracts
847:leaves
839:clonal
831:annual
829:is an
784:tubers
764:Africa
752:pfende
740:atadwe
599:T.Nees
583:Delile
527:Liebm.
519:Steud.
352:aureus
311:Steud.
279:Steud.
160:Poales
3503:WiO:
3460:74116
3405:PFI:
3367:NZPCN
3274:39888
3261:17496
3243:IRMNG
3219:IPA:
3212:76584
3199:12901
3155:EUNIS
3147:CYPES
3108:33C6P
3072:42264
3062:97275
2889:S2CID
2850:S2CID
2225:S2CID
2217:JSTOR
2036:S2CID
1530:Aswan
1416:dates
1404:Hausa
1334:Drink
1249:plant
1152:Benin
1140:Niger
1136:Ghana
1120:Sudan
1108:Yemen
1104:India
1076:Syria
1064:Chile
1044:Spain
1040:Egypt
997:Japan
903:bulbs
899:grass
732:chufa
691:Pursh
651:R.Br.
622:var.
615:Muhl.
567:Kunth
506:var.
494:var.
470:var.
446:var.
434:var.
422:var.
410:var.
398:var.
386:var.
362:var.
326:var.
295:Ridl.
144:Clade
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
3516:3325
3483:5211
3442:POWO
3434:CYES
3408:8075
3385:6675
3372:3760
3331:NCBI
3297:1090
3282:IUCN
3269:ITIS
3230:IPNI
3222:3016
3194:GRIN
3181:GBIF
3142:EPPO
3121:5158
3095:2583
3080:BOLD
3057:APNI
3039:1729
2956:2022
2813:ISBN
2790:PMID
2772:ISSN
2727:2019
2699:337.
2682:ISSN
2588:OCLC
2578:ISBN
2546:OCLC
2536:ISBN
2508:PMID
2500:ISSN
2336:ISBN
2317:2024
2283:2024
2258:2023
2186:link
2157:OCLC
2147:ISBN
2093:PMID
2075:ISSN
2028:ISSN
1920:2019
1833:2021
1799:ISSN
1767:2021
1742:2021
1692:2021
1613:2022
1596:2013
1554:Amun
1487:carp
1469:and
1461:and
1435:milk
1431:kunu
1361:Food
1318:Uses
1312:fats
1263:and
1179:xufa
1160:Mali
1148:Togo
1096:Iraq
1092:Iran
1088:Oman
766:and
659:Link
607:Savi
543:Link
3524:WFO
3455:RHS
3318:NBN
3256:ISC
3168:FNA
3129:EoL
3103:CoL
2977:in
2924:NPR
2881:doi
2842:doi
2780:PMC
2762:doi
2674:doi
2646:doi
2492:doi
2488:105
2435:doi
2309:115
2209:doi
2083:PMC
2067:doi
2020:doi
2016:190
1975:doi
1875:L.
1791:doi
1685:NPR
1600:doi
1445:Oil
1400:aya
1394:In
883:to
833:or
482:f.
458:f.
374:f.
338:f.
263:Ten
3548::
3526::
3493::
3470::
3457::
3444::
3431::
3418::
3395::
3382::
3369::
3346::
3333::
3320::
3307::
3284::
3271::
3258::
3245::
3232::
3209::
3196::
3183::
3170::
3157::
3144::
3131::
3118::
3105::
3082::
3059::
3024::
3009::
2947:.
2941:.
2922:.
2887:.
2877:16
2875:.
2848:.
2838:46
2836:.
2788:.
2778:.
2770:.
2760:.
2748:.
2744:.
2717:.
2713:.
2680:.
2670:50
2668:.
2640:.
2628:^
2611:^
2594:.
2586:.
2558:^
2544:.
2506:.
2498:.
2486:.
2431:82
2429:.
2307:.
2303:.
2274:.
2249:.
2223:.
2215:.
2205:21
2203:.
2182:}}
2178:{{
2163:.
2155:.
2137:.
2105:^
2091:.
2081:.
2073:.
2061:.
2057:.
2034:.
2026:.
2014:.
1987:^
1971:11
1969:.
1953:^
1937:.
1889:^
1849:.
1823:.
1819:.
1797:.
1787:11
1785:.
1758:.
1733:.
1708:.
1683:.
1658:.
1633:.
1629:.
1594:.
1588:.
1477:.
1473:)
1373:,
1357:.
1326:,
1273:.
1154:,
1150:,
1146:,
1142:,
1138:,
1134:,
1130:,
1126:,
1122:,
1118:,
1114:,
1110:,
1106:,
1102:,
1098:,
1094:,
1090:,
1086:,
1082:,
1078:,
1074:,
1070:,
1066:,
1062:,
1058:,
1054:,
1050:,
1046:,
1042:,
1027:.
979:,
778:.
762:,
746:,
742:,
738:,
734:,
219:L.
146::
133::
120::
107::
2958:.
2926:.
2895:.
2883::
2856:.
2844::
2821:.
2796:.
2764::
2756::
2750:9
2729:.
2688:.
2676::
2652:.
2648::
2642:5
2622:.
2605:.
2552:.
2514:.
2494::
2470:.
2457:"
2453:"
2441:.
2437::
2344:.
2319:.
2285:.
2260:.
2247:"
2243:"
2231:.
2211::
2188:)
2174:.
2099:.
2069::
2063:6
2042:.
2022::
1981:.
1977::
1947:.
1922:.
1904:"
1860:.
1835:.
1805:.
1793::
1769:.
1744:.
1719:.
1694:.
1668:.
1644:.
1615:.
1602::
1586:"
1582:"
1377:.
963:.
938:(
915:8
911:1
894:8
890:1
887:+
885:1
880:4
876:1
866:8
862:3
859:–
856:8
852:1
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
