301:. How can I, as a subject and a son, be so insincere in heart as to consider my sovereign and my father as enemies?" The Mongol is said to have been impressed by this frank reply, as well as by Yelü Chucai's looks (he was a very tall man with a magnificent beard reaching to his waist) and sonorous voice. He gave him the nickname "Urtu Saqal" (Long Beard) and placed him in his retinue as an adviser. Because he was experienced in writing and knew the laws of other settled societies, Yelü Chucai was useful to the Empire.
57:
357:
329:, some Mongol officers in high command recommended the complete razing of Kaifeng and the deaths of all its occupants. But Yelü Chucai convinced Genghis Khan to rule and tax the people, and make use of their extraordinary talents instead of killing all of them in order to further their own riches. He was six-foot eight-inches tall and had a waist-length beard. He was buried by
285:, which defeated the Liao dynasty in 1125. When the unified Mongol army under Genghis Khan began a war of conquest against the Jin dynasty in 1211, both Jurchen and Khitan rebels joined the Mongols in the fight against the Jin dynasty. Yelü Chucai then joined Genghis Khan's administration in the year 1218 at the age of 28.
316:
would mock him, asking "Are you going to weep for the people again?". The wise chancellor had the great words to temper the Mongol practices, stating to
Genghis Khan's son and successor to the throne, that while empires may be conquered on horseback, they could not be ruled on horseback. Yelü Chucai
324:
was capitulating to the Mongol onslaught, Yelü Chucai instituted several administrative reforms, like separating civil and military powers and introducing numerous taxes and levies. In response to the tough resistance the Mongol army faced while trying to conquer the
Jurchen Jin's southern capital
296:
in the Sāri Steppe (west of the great bend of the
Kerulen River): "Liao and Jin have been enemies for generations; I have taken revenge for you." To which Yelü Chucai replied, "My father and grandfather have both respectfully served the
577:
317:
used his office to save other fellow
Confucian scholars from punishment and mistreatment by Mongol rulers. He also helped them gain offices as bureaucrats and tutors to the Mongol princes.
292:, were united by their common enemy in the Jin dynasty. This is shown in the well-known words spoken by Genghis Khan, when at the end of July, he met Yelü Chucai for the first time at
570:
563:
689:
684:
516:
674:
679:
669:
246:
218:
545:
282:
80:
333:
in
Beijing, and a temple constructed in his memory stood until 1966, when it was razed during the looting of the
484:
298:
502:
374:
265:
Yelü Chucai was a
Confucian scholar who was born close to Beijing, during the Jin dynasty. Well versed in
56:
694:
664:
659:
546:
Translation of Yelu Chucai's description of
Central Asia, based on travels with Chinggis Khan's army
350:
346:
338:
266:
550:
197:
512:
466:
103:
278:
305:
304:
He did his best to convince the
Mongols to tax rather than slaughter conquered peoples. In
179:
356:
342:
140:
35:
555:
313:
254:
62:
653:
535:
454:
334:
289:
234:
226:
211:
132:
96:
628:
623:
587:
330:
274:
242:
230:
31:
506:
598:
321:
250:
122:
443:
Old World
Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times
430:
Old World
Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times
404:
Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times
293:
127:
273:, Yelü Chucai has become best known for his service as the chief adviser to
238:
92:
17:
540:
360:
A statue of Yelü Chucai, located in the southeast corner of Guta Park in
633:
603:
361:
326:
76:
40:
618:
270:
187:
341:. Yelü Chucai was the last recorded person to be able to speak the
613:
355:
608:
559:
233:, who became a vigorous adviser and administrator of the early
249:, and he also introduced many administrative reforms in
551:
Translation of Yelu Chucai's official Yuanshi biography
253:during the reign of Genghis Khan and his successor
165:
157:
139:
116:
102:
86:
70:
49:
445:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 143.
432:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 143.
417:Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World
406:(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 142.
204:"Longbeard", written in Chinese characters as "
571:
205:
8:
245:'s retainers to formulate policy during the
471:Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection
578:
564:
556:
55:
46:
27:Khitan adviser to Genghis Khan (1190–1244)
419:(New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), 90.
288:The Khitans and Mongols, as well as the
229:statesman from the imperial clan of the
386:
337:by communist Red Guards as part of the
113:
7:
210:", July 24, 1190 – June 20, 1244),
393:宋子貞：《中書令耶律公神道碑》，節選自蘇天爵編集的《元文類》卷五七。
25:
690:Last known speakers of a language
685:Yuan dynasty government officials
469:(2004). "The Muslim Holocaust".
241:tradition. He was the first of
345:and read and write the Khitan
281:, served with the Jurchen-led
247:Mongol invasions and conquests
222:
192:
1:
508:The Kitan Language and Script
61:Statue of Yelü Chucai at the
541:Biography on ColdSiberia.org
491:. Penguin Books. p. 61.
711:
675:13th-century Khitan people
586:Generals and ministers of
29:
594:
536:Biography on Bookrags.com
206:
201:
183:
146:
121:
112:
54:
680:13th-century politicians
670:Politicians from Beijing
455:Biography of Yelü Chucai
277:. Yelü Chucai's father
147:Prince of Guangning 廣寧王
375:Temple of Azure Clouds
365:
310:Empire of the Steppes,
269:and a practitioner in
90:20 June 1244 (aged 53)
359:
511:. Brill. p. 4.
312:it is reported that
339:Cultural Revolution
267:Buddhist scriptures
415:Jack Weatherford,
366:
647:
646:
518:978-90-04-16829-9
173:
172:
153:
152:
16:(Redirected from
702:
580:
573:
566:
557:
523:
522:
499:
493:
492:
481:
475:
474:
463:
457:
452:
446:
439:
433:
426:
420:
413:
407:
400:
394:
391:
224:
209:
208:
203:
194:
185:
114:
59:
47:
21:
710:
709:
705:
704:
703:
701:
700:
699:
650:
649:
648:
643:
590:
584:
532:
527:
526:
519:
501:
500:
496:
489:Chinese Shadows
483:
482:
478:
465:
464:
460:
453:
449:
441:Jerry Bentley,
440:
436:
428:Jerry Bentley,
427:
423:
414:
410:
402:Jerry Bentley,
401:
397:
392:
388:
383:
371:
343:Khitan language
263:
148:
141:Posthumous name
131:
126:
91:
75:
66:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
708:
706:
698:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
652:
651:
645:
644:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
595:
592:
591:
585:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
531:
530:External links
528:
525:
524:
517:
494:
476:
473:. Bantam Book.
458:
447:
434:
421:
408:
395:
385:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
370:
367:
322:Northern China
262:
259:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
144:
143:
137:
136:
119:
118:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
88:
84:
83:
72:
68:
67:
65:Tea Theme Park
63:Wuyi Mountains
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
707:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
655:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
593:
589:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
558:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
520:
514:
510:
509:
504:
498:
495:
490:
486:
480:
477:
472:
468:
462:
459:
456:
451:
448:
444:
438:
435:
431:
425:
422:
418:
412:
409:
405:
399:
396:
390:
387:
380:
376:
373:
372:
368:
363:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Summer Palace
332:
328:
323:
318:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
295:
291:
290:Southern Song
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Mongol Empire
232:
228:
220:
216:
213:
212:courtesy name
199:
195:
189:
181:
177:
168:
164:
160:
156:
145:
142:
138:
134:
133:Courtesy name
129:
124:
120:
115:
111:
107:
105:
101:
98:
97:Mongol Empire
94:
89:
85:
82:
78:
73:
69:
64:
58:
53:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
638:
629:Sorqan Shira
624:Shigi Qutuqu
588:Genghis Khan
507:
503:Kane, Daniel
497:
488:
479:
470:
461:
450:
442:
437:
429:
424:
416:
411:
403:
398:
389:
331:Kunming Lake
319:
309:
303:
287:
275:Genghis Khan
264:
243:Genghis Khan
231:Liao dynasty
214:
202:Urtu Saqaltu
191:
175:
174:
135:: Jìnqīng 晉卿
108:Yelü Tao 耶律鑄
74:24 July 1190
39:
32:Chinese name
665:1244 deaths
660:1190 births
639:Yelü Chucai
485:Leys, Simon
283:Jin dynasty
251:North China
193:Yēlǜ Chǔcái
176:Yelü Chucai
161:Yelü Lü 耶律履
149:Wenzheng 文正
130:: Chǔcái 楚材
123:Family name
81:Jin dynasty
50:Yelü Chucai
36:family name
18:Yelu Chucai
654:Categories
381:References
128:Given name
695:Yelü clan
467:Man, John
353:scripts.
261:Biography
239:Confucian
225:), was a
198:Mongolian
169:Lady Yang
125:: Yēlǜ 耶律
93:Karakorum
599:Bo'orchu
505:(2009).
487:(1979).
369:See also
306:Grousset
30:In this
634:Subutai
604:Boroqul
362:Jinzhou
327:Kaifeng
279:Yelü Lu
237:in the
219:Chinese
215:Jinqing
180:Chinese
77:Yanjing
619:Muqali
515:
320:While
314:Ögedei
271:Taoism
255:Ögedei
227:Khitan
221::
190::
188:pinyin
182::
166:Mother
158:Father
34:, the
614:Jelme
351:small
347:large
294:Ordos
207:吾圖撒合里
117:Names
104:Issue
609:Jebe
513:ISBN
349:and
184:耶律楚材
87:Died
71:Born
41:Yelü
325:of
308:'s
299:Jin
38:is
656::
257:.
223:晉卿
200::
196:;
186:;
95:,
79:,
579:e
572:t
565:v
521:.
364:.
217:(
178:(
44:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
