545:
568:
with their golden seals, rode about the province making exaction and treating the people in a shameful way. They put up at private houses, drove out their masters, debauched their wives, and did pretty much as they wished. The fear of offending the
Mongols and the Lamas prevented the Khan from doing anything effectual at first. Finally, he forbade the
520:
officials from the steppe constituted the majority of posts in the Yuan government during this period. Kumeijil and Tas Temur served as grand councillars of the right; Dawlat Shah served as the manager of the governmental affairs of the
Central Secretariat (中書省), then as censor in chief, and finally
567:
During his reign Yesün Temür Khan divided the empire into eighteen departments controlled by a board called "the Lords of the
Provinces"; it had formerly been divided into twelve units. Reports were presented on the condition of the Yuan provinces were full of complaints about the Lamas who, armed
446:
Yesün Temür was not merely the principal beneficiary of the conspiracy but was also very likely a participant. It is said that his administrator Dawlat Shah had established close contact with the conspirators. After receiving the imperial seal sent by the conspirators, he ascended to the throne on
455:
on
October 4, 1323. Esen Temur was made the grand councilor of the right, and Tegshi the manager of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Upon learning that he would incur suspicion as a party to the murders, he suddenly reversed his policy and ordered Tegshi, Esen Temur, and others to be put to death.
524:
In addition to Dawlat Shah, there were two
Muslims, Ubaidullah and Bayanchar, who served as managers of governmental affairs in the Secretariat. Mahumud Shah and Hasan Khoja managed the Bureau of Military Affairs. In contrast with the Muslims, Han officials exerted little influence on the
981:
Kao Weng te argued that he was born in 1276. But Yesün Temür is said to have been born in residence of the prince of Chin, Gammala who was appointed only in 1292. Moreover, Yesün Temür Khan referred
Khayisan (b. 1281) and Ayurbarwada (b. 1286) as elder
1721:
419:, Yesün Temür, who had a large fief and powerful army in the Mongolian steppe, became one of the princes most respected by the court and emerged as the undisputed leader of the princes in the steppe.
552:
Yesün Temür Khan denounced the extravagance of the court in buying costly precious stones, imported by foreign merchants, and sold for ten times their value, while the poor were starving. In 1326,
456:
Under the leadership of Chang Kuei, the late Khagan's officials sent a letter to Yesün Temür urging him to accept the throne and to punish the conspirators. He sent troops to
475:
Chinese officials repeatedly urged Yesün Temür to extend the purge to all former allies of
Temuder and Tegshi and their families, but Yesün Temür Khan refused. He issued an
1197:
1685:
1717:
464:
and had rebellious officers executed before he entered Dadu because he feared becoming their puppet. The five princes who had been involved were exiled to
1740:
392:, and their sons and grandson, so Gammala and his son Yesün Temür were out of the race. As Jinong, Gammala ruled the Mongolian steppe north of the
1399:
1750:
1190:
1701:
1745:
443:, Yesün Temür caused Tegshi's envoy Walus to be seized and sent notice of the plot to Shidebala Khan, but the messengers arrived too late.
1673:
1669:
1408:
1161:
929:
1661:
504:
As a ruler who had seized the throne by intrigue and violence, Yesün Temür tried to win the widest possible support. To secure support as
1473:
1755:
972:
Herbert Franke, Denis
Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, p. 535.
1183:
1665:
1657:
525:
administration. The high point of the Mongol partner-merchants' operations came under Yesün Temür, whose administration exempted
1570:
1366:
991:
Henry Hoyle
Howorth-History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 1 the Mongols proper and the Kalmuks, p. 302.
294:
28:
1697:
1141:
322:
66:
1565:
1361:
1392:
1521:
1341:
596:
401:
1649:
1501:
1321:
452:
365:
1641:
939:
600:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1645:
1385:
1677:
1653:
1637:
1526:
1346:
934:
85:
76:
544:
958:
B. Shirėndėv, Sh
Luvsanvandan, A. Luvsandėndėv – Olon Ulsyn Mongolch Ėrdėmtniĭ III Ikh Khural, p. 347.
1765:
1760:
479:
decree, and the confiscated properties of the executed conspirators were returned to their families.
435:
and Esen Temur, the rebellious group welcomed Yesün Temür since his mother was Buyan Kelmish of the
353:
385:
534:
346:
286:
1249:
521:
as grand councillary of the left; and Andachu, the manager of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
384:, 晉王) in 1292 after Zhenjin's death, but he lost the race for successor to his younger brother
1623:
1605:
1601:
1469:
1165:
1069:
505:
432:
342:
334:
310:
71:
1496:
1451:
1316:
1262:
325:. In Chinese historiography, Yesün Temür, who was very fond of the traditional ways of the
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1351:
440:
206:
165:
1560:
1536:
1356:
1456:
1446:
1281:
1243:
1734:
1553:
1516:
1491:
1336:
1311:
1268:
1210:
1152:
1136:
1081:
Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century, p. 303.
866:
461:
448:
318:
123:
61:
1627:
1589:
1477:
1435:
1416:
1224:
557:
397:
306:
255:
155:
1290:
1585:
1506:
1486:
1426:
1326:
1306:
1286:
1125:
564:
to Yesün Temür Khan who responded with grants of gold, silver, cash, and silks.
538:
428:
416:
412:
393:
373:
302:
220:
113:
1377:
1175:
1132:
553:
526:
408:
100:
890:
860:
769:
577:
509:
457:
389:
274:
17:
27:
This article is about Yuan emperor. For khan of the Chagatai Khanate, see
1096:
592:
573:
436:
243:
829:
635:
561:
476:
369:
326:
250:
238:
151:
1030:
History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century (new edition)
591:
Babukhan when he suddenly died in Shangdu on August 15, 1328. His son
1613:
1593:
1472:
in 1260, proclamation of the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and
1465:
1274:
1255:
1236:
1206:
588:
584:
530:
517:
513:
469:
465:
377:
314:
57:
842:: Buyan Kelmish (普顏怯里迷失王妃), posthumously awarded with the title of
1440:
1230:
1060:
C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 430.
543:
569:
1381:
1179:
595:
was installed by Dawlat Shah, but he was defeated by his rival
968:
966:
964:
490:"The Empire is a family of which the Emperor is the father."
404:. In 1302 Gammala died and Yesün Temür took over as Jinong.
352:
He was probably the emperor visited by the Franciscan friar
508:
from the Han populace, he duly showed his respect for the
486:
512:
tradition from the beginning of his reign. Nevertheless,
533:
payments and guaranteed huge payments promised by the
431:(Emperor Yingzong) was assassinated by Grand Censor
1552:
1415:
1299:
1217:
269:
261:
249:
237:
219:
205:
193:
176:
161:
141:
133:
129:
119:
109:
99:
91:
84:
39:
869:(元天顺帝阿剌吉八), emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, first son
301:, 1293 – August 15, 1328) was a great-grandson of
1018:Shih-Shan Henry Tsai-Perpetual Happiness, p. 153.
583:Yesün Temür left the empire's governance to his
1042:The Cambridge History of China, vol. 6, p. 539.
356:, who left an excellent record of his travels.
1600:) already started to use the Chinese title of
1424:Early Mongol rulers posthumously honoured by
1393:
1191:
828:: Gammala (甘麻剌;1263–8 February 1302), son of
8:
1072:-The royal hunt in Eurasian history, p. 256.
1596:(Great Khans) of the "Great Mongol State" (
1400:
1386:
1378:
1198:
1184:
1176:
1087:
620:
611:
321:, although it was only nominal due to the
36:
832:, posthumously awarded with the title of
1000:Yu Chi-Tao yuan hsue ku lu, i8. p. 12a.
951:
883:(撒答八剌皇后), daughter of Princess Shouning
615:Ancestors of Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)
309:of China from 1323 to 1328. Apart from
625:
372:, who was presumed heir to his father
368:in 1293 to Gammala, the eldest son of
173:
1051:Tu-Meng wu erh shih chi, 157. p. 26a.
773:
767:
757:
745:
735:
731:
727:
717:
711:
701:
688:
678:
674:
662:
659:
649:
633:
629:
7:
930:List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
345:. His name means "nine iron" in the
1464:Following Kublai's enthronement as
166:Empress Babukhan of Khongirad clan
25:
1480:in 1279, Yuan ruled all of China.
576:, Yesün Temür Khan neglected the
388:. Khanship was assumed by Temür,
95:October 4, 1323 – August 15, 1328
1741:Great Khans of the Mongol Empire
34:10th Khagan of the Mongol Empire
1153:Ragibagh Khan, Emperor Tianshun
1618:
599:three months later during the
298:
290:
46:
29:Yesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)
1:
1751:14th-century Chinese monarchs
1686:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1588:announced the dynastic name "
1126:Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong
572:from entering China. Besides
472:, and other distant places.
313:, he is regarded as the 10th
1746:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
1409:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
441:official history of the Yuan
1162:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1092:Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)
495:Yesün Temür Khan, c. 1324,
376:. Gammala was appointed as
329:, is commonly known as the
86:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
77:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1782:
1626:since the enthronement of
1009:Yuan shi, 29. pp. 641–648.
834:Emperor Renxiaoguangsheng
578:ancient worship of the sky
26:
1756:14th-century Mongol khans
1631:
1609:
1578:
1543:
1159:
1149:
1130:
1122:
1117:
1090:
905:, second son – died young
751:
733:
729:
695:
689:5. Bairam Egchi (Kokejin)
676:
668:
643:
627:
338:
226:
212:
198:
181:
172:
54:
768:3. Buyan Kelmish of the
364:Yesün Temür was born in
940:List of rulers of China
601:War of the Two Capitals
497:The History of the Yuan
439:clan. According to the
331:Taiding Emperor of Yuan
40:Taiding Emperor of Yuan
1561:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
1537:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
1300:Yuan (Kublaid) Khagans
875:Empress Yilianzhenbala
844:Empress Xuanyishusheng
549:
323:division of the empire
305:and an emperor of the
199:Taiding (泰定) 1324–1328
1622:) practically in the
1028:Henry Hoyle Howorth.
935:List of Mongol rulers
587:aide Dawlat Shah and
547:
529:and Muslims from any
429:Shidebala Gegeen Khan
407:During the reigns of
341:) based on his first
273:Buyan Kelmish of the
114:Gegeen Khan Shidebala
1140:(Nominal due to the
548:Edict of Yesün Temür
65:(Nominal due to the
851:Consorts and issues
550:
535:Mongolian nobility
347:Mongolian language
1728:
1727:
1375:
1374:
1278:
1259:
1240:
1174:
1173:
1150:Succeeded by
1142:empire's division
1097:House of Borjigin
811:
810:
807:
806:
580:of the Mongols.
502:
501:
280:
279:
233:
232:
67:empire's division
16:(Redirected from
1773:
1635:
1633:
1624:Chinese language
1620:
1611:
1571:Tianyuan Emperor
1547:
1517:Tianshun Emperor
1482:
1432:
1430:as Yuan emperors
1402:
1395:
1388:
1379:
1332:Yesün Temür Khan
1272:
1253:
1234:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1166:Emperor of China
1123:Preceded by
1113:
1106:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:Thomas T. Allsen
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
989:
983:
979:
973:
970:
959:
956:
881:Empress Sadabala
857:Empress Babukhan
621:
612:
506:Emperor of China
487:
447:the bank of the
340:
311:Emperor of China
300:
292:
189:Yesün Temür Khan
185:
174:
148:
72:Emperor of China
50:
44:
37:
21:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1636:
1628:Genghis Emperor
1580:
1574:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1512:Taiding Emperor
1462:
1422:
1411:
1406:
1376:
1371:
1352:Rinchinbal Khan
1295:
1250:Töregene Khatun
1213:
1204:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1128:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1093:
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1017:
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999:
995:
990:
986:
980:
976:
971:
962:
957:
953:
948:
926:
889:(必罕皇后), of the
859:(八不罕皇后) of the
817:
812:
609:
485:
425:
402:Four Great Ordo
362:
207:Posthumous name
201:Zhihe (致和) 1328
200:
188:
186:
183:
150:
146:
145:August 15, 1328
105:October 4, 1323
74:
70:
64:
48:
45:
42:
41:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1777:
1769:
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1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1598:Ikh Mongol Uls
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1544:
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1407:
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1397:
1390:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Khutughtu Khan
1344:
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1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
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1129:
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1120:
1119:
1118:Regnal titles
1115:
1114:
1094:
1091:
1084:
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1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1032:. Cosimo, Inc.
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993:
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909:Batma Irgenbu,
906:
903:Yondan zhangbu
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628:
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624:
617:
616:
610:
608:
605:
537:in return for
500:
499:
492:
491:
484:
483:Administration
481:
424:
421:
396:and enshrined
361:
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217:
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196:
195:
191:
190:
187:Chinese: 也孫鐵木兒
179:
178:
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163:
159:
158:
149:(aged 34)
143:
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24:
14:
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6:
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3:
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1587:
1583:
1577:
1572:
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1564:
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1559:
1557:
1555:
1554:Northern Yuan
1551:
1538:
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1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
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1500:
1498:
1495:
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1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1478:Southern Song
1475:
1471:
1467:
1458:
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1434:
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1414:
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1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Ukhaantu Khan
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Ragibagh Khan
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:Oghul Qaimish
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:Early Khagans
1216:
1212:
1211:Mongol Empire
1208:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:Mongol Empire
1134:
1127:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
985:
978:
975:
969:
967:
965:
961:
955:
952:
945:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:Empress Bihan
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
868:
867:Ragibagh Khan
865:
864:
862:
858:
855:
854:
853:
852:
845:
841:
838:
835:
831:
827:
824:
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822:
821:
814:
803:
801:
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797:
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793:
791:
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785:
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782:
779:
777:
776:
771:
765:
764:
761:
760:
755:
754:
749:
748:
743:
742:
739:
738:
725:
724:
721:
720:
715:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
698:
693:
692:
686:
685:
682:
681:
672:
671:
666:
665:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
640:
637:
631:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
606:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
565:
563:
559:
555:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
522:
519:
515:
511:
507:
498:
494:
493:
489:
488:
482:
480:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
449:Kherlen River
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:In 1323 when
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
359:
357:
355:
350:
348:
344:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Mongol Empire
316:
312:
308:
304:
296:
289:: Есөн Төмөр
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
254:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
236:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
197:
192:
180:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
124:Ragibagh Khan
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
78:
73:
68:
63:
62:Mongol Empire
59:
53:
38:
30:
19:
1674:N. Dynasties
1670:S. Dynasties
1617:
1597:
1581:
1511:
1463:
1461:
1429:
1423:
1362:Biligtü Khan
1342:Jayaatu Khan
1331:
1322:Buyantu Khan
1312:Öljeytü Khan
1267:
1248:
1229:
1225:Genghis Khan
1160:
1131:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1077:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
977:
954:
914:
908:
902:
896:
886:
880:
874:
863:clan (弘吉剌氏)
856:
850:
849:
843:
839:
833:
825:
819:
818:
713:
582:
566:
558:Golden Horde
551:
539:luxury goods
523:
503:
496:
474:
445:
426:
406:
398:Genghis Khan
381:
363:
351:
330:
307:Yuan dynasty
282:
281:
227:
213:
147:(1328-08-15)
55:
1766:1328 deaths
1761:1293 births
1666:16 Kingdoms
1592:" in 1271,
1367:Uskhal Khan
1327:Gegeen Khan
1307:Setsen Khan
1287:Kublai Khan
1282:Möngke Khan
1244:Ögedei Khan
893:clan (弘吉剌氏)
714:Yesün Temür
417:Gegeen Khan
413:Ayurbarwada
394:Gobi Desert
374:Kublai Khan
303:Kublai Khan
291:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
283:Yesün Temür
221:Temple name
184:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
182:Mongolian:
110:Predecessor
18:Yesün Temür
1735:Categories
1658:3 Kingdoms
1634:) in 1206.
1590:Great Yuan
1317:Külüg Khan
1263:Güyük Khan
1231:Tolui Khan
1170:1323–1328
1147:1323–1328
1133:Great Khan
946:References
917:fourth son
861:Khonggirat
660:2. Gammala
597:Tugh Temür
554:Ozbeg Khan
541:(тансаг).
527:Christians
437:Khunggirad
409:Kulug Khan
360:Early life
168:(m.?–1328)
156:Yuan China
101:Coronation
47:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
1492:Chengzong
1291:Ariq Böke
982:brothers.
911:third son
891:Khongirad
877:(亦怜真八剌皇后)
770:Khongirad
510:Confucian
423:Accession
390:Darmabala
287:Mongolian
275:Khongirad
194:Era dates
120:Successor
1566:Zhaozong
1532:Ningzong
1527:Mingzong
1507:Yingzong
1474:conquest
1457:Xianzong
1452:Dingzong
1443:(regent)
924:See also
846:(宣懿淑圣皇后)
836:(光圣仁孝皇帝)
820:Parents:
607:Ancestry
593:Ragibagh
574:Buddhism
562:cheetahs
453:Mongolia
366:Mongolia
343:era name
244:Borjigin
1619:Huángdì
1606:Chinese
1602:Emperor
1594:Khagans
1584:Before
1522:Wenzong
1502:Renzong
1470:Emperor
1447:Taizong
1441:Ruizong
1209:of the
1135:of the
897:Unknown
830:Zhenjin
636:Zhenjin
556:of the
477:amnesty
462:Shangdu
400:in the
382:jinwang
370:Zhenjin
335:Chinese
327:Mongols
317:of the
295:Chinese
265:Gammala
251:Dynasty
162:Empress
152:Shangdu
60:of the
1698:W. Xia
1616::
1614:pinyin
1608::
1586:Kublai
1497:Wuzong
1466:Khagan
1427:Kublai
1275:Regent
1256:Regent
1237:Regent
1207:Khagan
1108:
840:Mother
826:Father
815:Family
589:Khatun
585:Muslim
531:corvee
518:Mongol
514:Muslim
470:Hainan
466:Yunnan
433:Tegshi
415:, and
378:Jinong
354:Odoric
337::
315:Khagan
297::
270:Mother
262:Father
58:Khagan
1642:Shang
1632:成吉思皇帝
1582:Note:
1487:Shizu
1436:Taizu
1110:Died:
1103:Born:
915:Söse,
570:Lamas
560:sent
386:Temür
299:也孫鐵木兒
239:House
177:Names
92:Reign
75:(6th
56:10th
49:ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
1714:Qing
1710:Ming
1706:Yuan
1694:Song
1690:Liao
1682:Tang
1646:Zhou
1417:Yuan
1273:(as
1254:(as
1235:(as
1112:1328
1105:1293
516:and
460:and
458:Dadu
339:元泰定帝
256:Yuan
228:None
214:None
142:Died
137:1293
134:Born
43:元泰定帝
1722:PRC
1718:ROC
1702:Jīn
1678:Sui
1662:Jìn
1654:Han
1650:Qin
1638:Xia
1476:of
712:1.
634:4.
451:in
1737::
1720:/
1716:→
1712:→
1708:→
1704:→
1700:/
1696:/
1692:/
1688:→
1684:→
1680:→
1676:→
1672:/
1668:→
1664:/
1660:→
1656:→
1652:→
1648:→
1644:→
1640:→
1612:;
1610:皇帝
1289:/
1144:)
963:^
899::
603:.
468:,
411:,
349:.
293:;
154:,
1630:(
1604:(
1546:元
1468:-
1401:e
1394:t
1387:v
1277:)
1258:)
1239:)
1199:e
1192:t
1185:v
380:(
333:(
285:(
79:)
69:)
31:.
20:)
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