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20:
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performs a double duty since it is both the singular form and the plural form. Crozier (1984) suggests that during the 19th century, when many Irish-speakers switched to speaking
English, they filled that gap with
931:
143:. Because there are still speakers who use each form, there is no stable second-person plural pronoun form in the southwest or central Pennsylvania area, so the pronoun is variably referred to or spelled as
1193:
395:
635:
200:
In other parts of the United States, Irish or Scots-Irish speakers encountered the same gap in the second-person plural. For that reason, these speakers are also responsible for coining the
90:. In the first- and third-person, standard English speakers use distinct pronouns to denote singular and plural. In the first person, for example, speakers use the singular
936:
1266:
484:
1050:
534:
628:
1117:
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Johnstone, B., Bhasin, N., and
Wittkowski, D., "Dahntahn" Pittsburgh: Monophthongal /aw/ and representations of localness in Southwestern Pennsylvania.
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for emphasis, as in, "are yous all coming to the party?" That usage is also common within Carbon and
Schuylkill Counties, Pennsylvania.
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427:"Y'all, You'uns, Yinz, Youse: How Regional Dialects Are Fixing Standard English: The real enemy? "You guys.""
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311:(2018) set in a rust belt town (shot in and around Pittsburgh), the Yinz address is frequently used.
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535:'Pittsburghese' in the Daily Papers, 1910-1998: Historical Sources of Ideology about Variation
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366:
24:
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and is usually pronounced as or something between and . It is sometimes combined with
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86:, a form of the second-person plural that is commonly heard in parts of
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call themselves "Yinz Cheer", and an area literary magazine was called
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Johnstone, Barbara, Speaking
Pittsburghese: The Story of a Dialect.
107:, primarily because Irish has both the singular second-person pronoun
1092:
854:
814:
572:
269:
87:
44:
558:
Crozier, A. (1984). The Scotch-Irish influence on
American English.
223:
A similar form with similar Irish and Scots roots is found in the
18:
698:
585:
858:
764:
617:
55:, but it is also found throughout the cultural region known as
693:
339:
206:
204:, which is used in and around Middletown, Pennsylvania; the
688:
243:
247:
a badge of pride. For example, a group of
Pittsburgh area
210:, which is found mainly in New York City and Chicago, the
115:. The following, therefore, is the most likely path from
304:
always says "I'm Jim
Shearer, and I'll see yinz later."
760:
1043:
995:
892:
712:
651:
608:"Philadelphyinz Reps The Burgh with Brotherly Love"
74:is the most recent derivation from the original
59:, located within the geographical region of the
267:Pittsburgh residents are often referred to as
396:"Is yunz is or is yinz ain't from Pittsburgh?"
870:
776:
629:
365:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
8:
340:You § Plural forms from other varieties
877:
863:
855:
783:
769:
761:
636:
622:
614:
16:Second person pronoun used in Pennsylvania
533:Barbara Johnstone and Andrew Danielson, "
227:of Canada. Rarely written, it is spelled
1267:Second-person plural pronouns in English
263:. Those perceived to be stereotypical
394:Peterson, Richard (February 13, 2011).
351:
37:
575:A site for non-linguists, created by
293:-based software development company.
98:. However, the second-person pronoun
7:
603:PBS Series, "Do You Speak American?"
220:, which is ubiquitous in the South.
553:Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics
483:Victor, Greg (December 20, 2009).
425:Nosowitz, Dan (October 13, 2016).
14:
485:"Next page: Shake things up! 2.0"
1247:Modern English personal pronouns
1220:
1219:
645:Modern English personal pronouns
320:Pittsburgh International Airport
40:below for other spellings) is a
592:What Do You Call a Steeler Fan?
588:(more humorous than scientific)
539:New Ways of Analyzing Variation
517:"YINZZ waypoint | OpenNav"
296:At the end of every episode of
1:
573:Pittsburgh Speech and Society
279:is a software program with a
49:Western Pennsylvania English
23:"Yinz Are Welcome" sign at
1283:
577:Carnegie Mellon University
51:. It is most prominent in
1214:
1194:combined statistical area
1051:Colleges and universities
798:
747:English personal pronouns
738:
597:Are yinz from Pittsburgh?
541:conference, October 2001.
1076:Pittsburgh Parking Chair
359:Rehder, John B. (2004).
38:§ History and usage
1145:2018 synagogue shooting
610:, Pittsburgh City Paper
490:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
400:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
298:VH-1's Top 20 Countdown
47:pronoun used mainly in
1257:English-language slang
452:"Yinztagram By Pegula"
318:marks the approach to
28:
1262:Culture of Pittsburgh
1184:Notable Pittsburghers
751:third-person pronouns
406:on September 24, 2015
316:Newell, West Virginia
22:
1005:Allegheny Conference
362:Appalachian folkways
249:radical cheerleaders
214:and New Jersey; and
212:Philadelphia dialect
111:and the plural form
1015:Chamber of Commerce
497:on January 12, 2014
1105:Fictional settings
886:City of Pittsburgh
808:Pittsburgh English
314:Waypoint YINZZ in
239:In popular culture
225:Atlantic Provinces
29:
1234:
1233:
1152:Pittsburgh toilet
947:District Attorney
907:Convention Center
852:
851:
758:
757:
586:Pittsburghese.com
581:Barbara Johnstone
372:978-0-8018-7879-4
307:In the TV series
67:History and usage
25:Occupy Pittsburgh
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1223:
1222:
879:
872:
865:
856:
843:Commons category
785:
778:
771:
762:
638:
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555:. Oxford: OUP.
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507:
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493:. Archived from
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411:
402:. Archived from
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257:, a take-off of
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837:Yappin' Yinzers
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560:American Speech
548:77(20):146-166.
546:American Speech
530:
528:Further reading
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94:and the plural
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1140:Jewish history
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821:The New Yinzer
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743:Modern English
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567:External links
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260:The New Yorker
254:The New Yinzer
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1081:Picklesburgh
1061:cookie table
1044:Other topics
1020:Corporations
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713:non-standard
562:59: 310-331.
559:
552:
545:
538:
511:
501:December 20,
499:. Retrieved
495:the original
488:
478:
468:December 13,
466:. Retrieved
457:iTunes Store
455:
446:
434:. Retrieved
430:
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410:December 20,
408:. Retrieved
404:the original
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61:Appalachians
32:
31:
30:
1201:Skyscrapers
302:Jim Shearer
265:blue collar
76:Scots-Irish
1241:Categories
1118:television
917:Courthouse
894:Government
827:Yinztagram
462:Apple Inc.
436:August 31,
346:References
309:One Dollar
291:Pittsburgh
281:Pittsburgh
277:Yinztagram
57:Appalachia
53:Pittsburgh
1179:Nicknames
1159:Hospitals
1071:Green Man
972:Education
962:Libraries
912:City Hall
741:See also
579:linguist
335:(pronoun)
84:yous ones
1225:Category
1135:timeline
1109:Filming
1030:HYP Club
987:Regional
937:InterGov
652:standard
381:52886851
326:See also
125:you ones
117:you ones
105:you ones
80:you ones
27:in 2011.
1169:Museums
1125:History
1088:Dialect
1066:theatre
1056:Culture
997:Economy
967:Transit
952:Sheriff
927:Council
902:Airport
832:YinzCam
300:, host
287:YinzCam
283:theme.
270:Yinzers
146:you'uns
129:you'uns
1206:Sports
1189:Region
1093:Yinzer
942:Police
932:Events
815:Yinzer
749:, and
379:
369:
88:Ulster
45:plural
1164:Media
1113:films
977:Parks
922:Mayor
720:y'all
289:is a
217:y'all
207:youse
188:yins,
158:y'uns
152:y'ins
139:>
135:>
133:youns
131:>
127:>
78:form
36:(see
1252:Yinz
1130:name
1100:Flag
982:Port
957:Fire
803:Yinz
792:Yinz
730:yinz
699:they
503:2023
470:2012
464:2012
438:2018
412:2023
377:OCLC
367:ISBN
245:yinz
229:yous
202:yunz
182:yenz
176:yinz
170:yuns
164:yunz
141:yinz
137:yunz
121:yinz
113:sibh
72:Yinz
33:Yinz
694:you
684:one
679:who
669:she
537:",
233:all
194:ynz
191:or
119:to
100:you
82:or
1243::
745:,
725:ye
704:me
689:we
674:it
664:he
487:.
460:.
454:.
429:.
398:.
375:.
333:Ye
322:.
273:.
197:.
185:,
179:,
173:,
167:,
161:,
155:,
149:,
123::
109:tú
96:we
63:.
878:e
871:t
864:v
811:)
805:(
784:e
777:t
770:v
659:I
637:e
630:t
623:v
599:.
519:.
505:.
472:.
440:.
414:.
383:.
92:I
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