56:
962:梵語千字文 "Sanskrit 1000-Character Text". The body of this work is a 1000-character text composed of rhymed 4-character verses, and the glossary has 995 entries, each of which gives a transliterated Sanskrit headword, its Chinese phonetic equivalent, and then a single Chinese explanatory word. The characters used in the text form are limited to the defining vocabulary of the glossary, similar to the modern lexicographical method of the (1978)
1357:. Most notably, it has an especially user-unfriendly lookup for words arranged according their occurrence in sutras. Watters said, "Though native scholars quote this treatise freely it is not easy to consult, owing to the absence of an index and the want of a good arrangement." There are also cryptic or incomplete definitions, unnecessary repetitions, and imbalanced treatment of different characters in notation and interpretation.
3031:
696:
666:續高僧傳 "Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks" describes Xuanying as "a monk in a temple in the capital. He has won wide respect for his accomplishments in philological studies. He is a master of the study of the phonetic system of Buddhist scriptures". Both Xuanzang and Xuanying were monks at the Da Ci'en Monastery 大慈恩寺 (see
1093:部). Xuanying's purpose in compiling it was to explain the "hard words" found in Chinese translations of 454 Buddhist sutras. He glossed the pronunciations of both Sanskrit-derived technical terms and ordinary Chinese characters, and explained their meanings. The glosses on ordinary characters occupy about half of the book.
861:
By the 6th century, the glut of different
Chinese character transcriptions used for the same Buddhist terms led to attempts to standardize the Chinese transcriptions of them, and to clarify the obscure characters and compounds used to translatie Buddhist texts. This material was compiled in so-called
685:
Xuan Ying, a Master in the Temple of Da Ci'en Temple, was summoned several times by the
Emperor to collect and sort Buddhist scriptures and phonetically notate and semantically interpret characters from them. He cited quotations from various classic works to support his interpretations. The book can
1142:
preface quoted Lu regarding phonetic notation and definition. Lu Deming said a dictionary entry should give the pronunciation of a character first so as to "help the user to compare usage", "should add phonetic notation, define the character, trace its origin, and analyse and explain the difficult
1306:
arrangement by provenance in individual scripture. At the beginning of each chapter is a listing of the sutras from which the headwords are selected, and the headwords are presented and numbered following the sequence of the sutra chapters. In order to find a word, a user cannot search by either
1100:
The work is a glossary to the foreign, technical, and difficult words and phrases in the
Buddhist canon. It gives the sounds and meanings of the Sanskrit proper names and terms of religion, and the different transcriptions which had been used. Important Chinese phrases are also explained and the
919:
monk Xilin希麟. This 10-chapter work, which followed
Xuanying's dictionary format and style, had entries taken from 226 volumes of Buddhist scriptures. Each entry gave the phonetic notation, definition, and citations from dictionaries, rime dictionaries, histories, and other classic literature. In
851:
With more and more Indian and
Central Asian texts being translated into Chinese, the use of Sanskrit and Middle Indo-Aryan transcriptions and technical vocabulary increased, and became progressively more difficult to comprehend. Meanwhile, errors occurred in the copying and circulation of the
856:
The
Buddhist scriptures are voluminous and the argumentations in them are profound. They are afflicted with errors and misspellings, and their phonetic notations and semantic interpretations are often rough and neglectful. Days and months are spent in studying and sorting them. There is some
1382:
as "extremely useful for studying
Buddhist scriptures", "valuable to exegetic studies of ancient characters", and treasured for having retained what had been lost in other sources. Xing Guang calls it a "valuable work for modern scholars" owing to the high quality of Xuanying's editing and
1324:
in the modern meaning of containing headwords in
Sanskrit or other Buddhist-language scripts and Chinese translation equivalents. It is essentially a monolingual dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms because all the headwords are Chinese character transcriptions of Sanskrit
1244:
made more detailed and specific semantic explanations than earlier dictionaries, "no judgements would be given before rigorous textual research had been carried out and meticulous comments added". For elucidating word meanings, Xuanying quotes from more than 112 works in
1307:
character or pronunciation (as in most
Chinese dictionaries), but must first find the scripture in which the word occurs. This method of collation by the order in which headwords appeared in the sutra text is comparable to the (c. 800)
1150:
definition is to give: any variant renderings of the headword, the pronunciation of rare or difficult characters, Chinese translation and comments, and, optionally, the corrected transcription of the
Sanskrit. The entry for
1333:
glossaries and dictionaries bear some basic features of modern bilingual dictionaries, but it is more reasonable to consider them as the "most distant forerunners of modern Chinese bilingual dictionaries". In any case, the
1109:
is difficult, and the lexicographers Heming Yong and Jing Peng classify it as a defining dictionary, special-purpose dictionary, general dictionary for interpretations of Buddhist scriptures, and sound-meaning book
1047:(lit. "cut and turn") method of indicating a character's pronunciation by using two other characters, the first having the same consonant as the given character and the second having the same vowel and rime.
1032:
Xuanying's scholarship utilized the unprecedented advances in philological studies that resulted from the Chinese interest in reading and translating Sanskrit. Two notable examples are the compilation of
1006:
traditions, collected and explained their difficult Chinese characters, probably as a primer for members of Xuanzang's translation team. Xuanying arranged the texts in a series starting with the
979:'s patronage, Xuanzang organized many learned monks, including Xuanying, and oversaw a translation bureau that resulted in 75 important Buddhist texts being made available to Chinese Buddhists.
2918:
920:
addition to their value in establishing the Chinese interpretation of Buddhist technical terms, these "pronunciation and meaning" glossaries also serve as important sources for studying the
772:
such crucial terms, so as not to limit their semantic range to a single Chinese meaning. Furthermore, the spiritual efficacy thought to be inherent in the pronunciations of Buddhist
2469:
2124:
1073:
was primarily compiled for the purpose of reading and studying Buddhist scriptures, it is also valuable for Chinese linguistic and other historical academic studies.
958:(635-713) made pilgrimages to India to study Buddhism and the Buddhist languages. Yijing allegedly compiled what might be the first Sanskrit-Chinese glossary, the
2858:
2848:
1143:
points or confusions", and should take citations from both ancient and contemporary literature, making them "plain but not crude, abundant but not chaotic".
2726:
2888:
1338:, which compiled non-Chinese loanwords and defined them in Chinese, is the "first Buddhist dictionary of its kind and the first, albeit crude, attempt at
964:
1725:. Vol. 5: Chemistry and chemical technology. Part 3, Spagyrical discovery and invention: historical survey, from cinnabar elixirs to synthetic insulin
2117:
939:翻梵語 "Translating Sanskrit" by Bao Chang 寶唱. In a strict sense, neither the glossaries nor the collections can be considered Sanskrit-Chinese
2898:
2838:
931:
phonological and semantic glossaries of Chinese Buddhist terms, there were also collections of translated terms in the sutras, such as the
857:
progress, but concerns are inevitable. Reflections on them often come to nothing. All the scholars of good will would be troubled by them.
2928:
3068:
714:
971:
The most renowned of all translator monks was Xuanzang, who started on a pilgrimage to India in 629 and returned to the Tang capital
1808:
1736:
1722:
1518:
1475:
1461:
1446:
1415:
787:
The wide variety of methods, source texts, and exegetical strategies used by different Chinese translators of Buddhist texts in the
2868:
2110:
907:新集蔵経音義随函録 "Newly Compiled Record of Pronunciation and Meaning in the Buddhist Canon and Accompanying Materials" compiled by the
3053:
788:
1050:
Huilin expanded Xuanying's 25-chapter lexicon and incorporated material from other authors, compiling it into his 100-chapter
100:
3058:
114:
686:
help its users to readily understand the scriptures. It is a pity that his works stopped at that, without going further.
3034:
2878:
1365:
921:
30:
This article is about the Chinese Buddhist dictionary by Xuanying. For the identically titled dictionary by Huilin, see
2524:
745:
2059:
T'ang Transformation Texts: A Study of the Buddhist Contribution to the Rise of Vernacular Fiction and Drama in China
1406:
Chien, David; Creamer, Thomas (1986). "A Brief History of Chinese Bilingual Lexicography". In R.R.K. Hartmann (ed.).
1096:
The British diplomat and scholar Thomas Watters (1840-1901) was first to describe Xuanying's dictionary in English.
424:. When Xuanying died he had only finished 25 chapters of the dictionary, but in 807 another Tang monk named Huilin (
2759:
1728:
1467:
1398:
1369:
908:
527:音義 "pronunciation and meaning", which refers to explaining the phonology and semantics of words, originated in the
2803:
2770:
1052:
866:音義 "pronunciation and meaning" lexicons, specialized dictionaries that give phonetic and semantic information.
635:
31:
1233:, the similarity between the phonological systems of the two works indicates that they were based on the same
473:
1065:
2908:
1510:
976:
784:
codes compelled translators to preserve as closely as possible the original foreign-language pronunciation.
760:
678:
667:
75:
2822:
1339:
940:
397:
848:浮屠 "Buddha", and these were entered into both special dictionaries of Buddhism and general dictionaries.
292:
3063:
2097:
2087:
1433:. International Conference on Globalized Buddhism, Bumthang, Bhutan, May 21–23, 2012. pp. 221–242.
707:
1626:
2982:
2706:
2502:
2081:
1408:
The History of Lexicography: Papers from the Dictionary Research Centre Seminar at Exeter, March 1986
1343:
1321:
393:
352:
2102:
995:
982:
Xuanying compiled his 25-chapter dictionary during the late Zhenguan 貞觀 era (626-649). According to
453:
2570:
1063:
was transmitted in several different versions, and two are included in the standard Buddhist Canon
60:
623:眾經音義 " Pronunciation and Meaning in Every Sutra", and to distinguish it from Hulin's version, the
211:
3011:
2491:
2387:
2137:
2133:
1280:
1249:. They include Confucian Classics and their commentaries, as well as early dictionaries like the
1246:
389:
881:一切經音 "Pronunciation in the Complete Buddhist Canon", which did not gloss meanings. While a few
780:
2972:
2398:
2376:
2365:
2332:
1991:
1949:
1804:
1732:
1514:
1471:
1442:
1411:
1135:
1034:
1918:
2992:
2781:
2669:
1434:
1008:
796:
532:
145:
730:
2748:
2592:
2539:
2513:
2409:
1309:
1234:
1127:
749:
699:
55:
658:, was one of the ten Buddhist monks on Xuanzang's translation committee. A postscript to
166:
752:. Because of the polysemous and sacred character of such Buddhist doctrinal concepts as
677:大唐内典錄 "Records of Internal Classics in the Tang Dynasty" describes his interaction with
2715:
2420:
1717:
1630:
1456:
1364:. It is not only of interest for early Buddhist terminology, but also for the study of
1156:
810:
536:
232:
225:
2071:
512:
3047:
2277:
2222:
1263:
1257:
955:
833:
765:
523:大藏經, referring to all the classic scriptures or the entire Buddhist canon. The term
2691:
2680:
2658:
2647:
1284:
947:
916:
726:
405:
201:
152:
2636:
915:續一切経音義 "Extended Pronunciation and Meaning in the Complete Buddhist Canon" by the
2093:
2077:
1504:
1464:, Volume 7 The Social Background, Part 1: Language and Logic in Traditional China
1329:
and the definitions are in Chinese characters. According to Yong and Peng, early
3002:
2354:
2299:
2200:
2171:
1251:
972:
891:
874:
722:
651:
516:
482:
443:
417:
17:
1131:
1021:
1017:
946:
A significant breakthrough in the quality of translations occurred during the
792:
733:(344-413), produced early Chinese translations of Buddhist sutras and texts.
2255:
2211:
1326:
1295:
1203:
1199:
1122:
769:
718:
180:
1198:通俗文 "Popular Words" was the first Chinese dictionary of common words. The
2603:
2548:
1275:
1038:
991:
951:
737:
703:
528:
447:
421:
401:
329:
187:
1438:
2625:
2581:
2310:
2244:
2233:
1374:
1003:
983:
801:
695:
659:
409:
208:
836:). The Chinese language adopted many new words from Buddhism, such as
496:
489:
462:
2948:
2559:
2458:
2288:
1426:
1221:
1211:
1043:
999:
774:
255:
428:) compiled an enlarged 100-chapter version bearing the same title.
2614:
2480:
2343:
2266:
1269:
975:
in 645 with foreign missionaries and sacred Buddhist texts. Under
896:
841:
754:
694:
466:
315:
269:
1705:
Religious Publishing and Print Culture in Modern China: 1800-2012
1162:狡獪 "crafty; joke; play" exemplifies Xuanying's detailed glosses.
736:
Translators had difficulties rendering Buddhist terminology from
237:
2321:
2182:
1219:
transcription system. While Xuanying does not mention the (601)
935:翻譯名義集 "Collection of Translated Buddhist Terms" by Fayun 法雲 and
852:
scriptures, which the scholar of Buddhism Liu Yu 柳豫 describes:
741:
654:
meaning "Profound Resonance", fl. c. 645–656), who compiled the
545:
2106:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
539:(220-280) scholar Sun Yan 孫炎 used it in his commentary title
216:
1570:
1568:
1566:
2026:
2024:
1883:
1881:
1609:
1607:
436:
Xuanying's dictionary title combines three Chinese words:
1541:
1539:
1537:
903:
are for the entire Buddhist canon. One was the (c. 940)
192:
1929:
1927:
1372:, which had a great influence on Buddhist writings (see
2919:
Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
1898:
1896:
1627:
Yiqiejing yinyi 一切經音義 "Sound and Meaning of All Sutras"
1506:
Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911
1360:
Despite its defects, scholars highly regard Xuanying's
885:
glossaries are for one specific scripture, such as the
476:" string; thread; rule (that holds teachings together)"
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
642:一切道經音義 "Titles and Meanings of all the Daoist Canon".
357:
78:
1699:
1697:
1695:
990:
so he compiled his own. He assembled 454 sutras from
171:
157:
561:
Sounds and Meanings of all the Buddhist Sacred Books
297:
2964:
2941:
2830:
2821:
2795:
2740:
2705:
2538:
2434:
2151:
2144:
1101:pronunciation of characters given and illustrated.
986:(596-667), Xuanying was dissatisfied with Daohui's
416:), who was a translator for the famous pilgrim and
351:
346:
328:
314:
309:
291:
286:
268:
254:
249:
231:
224:
207:
200:
186:
179:
165:
151:
144:
139:
127:
113:
99:
94:
41:
638:ordered a team of scholars to compile the catalog
580:Sounds and Meanings of all the Buddhist Scriptures
2470:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
1914:
1586:
1186:. Nowadays, within the pass it is pronounced 狡刮
595:A Lexicon of Sounds and Meanings in the Tripitaka
2074:, 1849 Haishan xianguan 海山仙館 edition, HathiTrust
1215:, using Xuanzang's phonologically sophisticated
795:and repurposed Chinese terms. For instance, the
791:period (420-589) gave rise to a large number of
950:(618-907) after Chinese Buddhist monks such as
911:monk Ke Hong 可洪. Another example was the (987)
605:Pronunciation and Meaning of All the Scriptures
2090:, 1103 Song edition, Waseda University Library
1182:通俗文 says: small children playing is called 狡獪
511:一切經 "all the sutras; complete Buddhist canon;
334:
320:
2859:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
2118:
1703:Clart, Philip and Gregory Adam Scott (2015),
1393:Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (2013).
627:玄應音義 "Xuanying's Pronunciation and Meaning".
119:
105:
84:
8:
1860:
1799:Baxter, William H.; Sagart, Laurent (2014).
1773:
1686:
1574:
725:(25-220 CE). Buddhist missionary monks from
485:"pronunciation and meaning of a text", with
274:
260:
2727:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
600:The Sound and the Meaning of All Scriptures
552:There is no regular English translation of
131:Pronunciation and meaning in all the sutras
3030:
2938:
2827:
2148:
2125:
2111:
2103:
965:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
889:妙法蓮華經音義 "Pronunciation and Meaning in the
343:
283:
136:
54:
2849:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
2003:
1643:The Globalization of Knowledge in History
1613:
1209:Pronunciation glosses are indicated with
575:Pronunciation and Meaning of all Classics
2042:
2030:
2015:
1987:
1962:
1945:
1887:
1872:
1848:
1836:
1823:
1786:
1752:
1598:
1545:
1487:Bernhard Karlgren: Portrait of a Scholar
764:, many Chinese translators preferred to
1933:
1557:
1533:
1302:entries, Xuanying followed Lu Deming's
1069:(T 54, no. 2128 A and B). Although the
832:泥丸 ("muddy pellet", a term from Daoist
816:涅槃, but earlier transcriptions include
610:Sounds and meanings for all scriptures
543:爾雅音義 "Pronunciation and Meaning in the
27:Chinese dictionary of Buddhism (c. 649)
1225:rime dictionary, which uses different
650:The lexicographer monk Xuanying 玄應 (a
570:The Sound and Meaning of the Tripitaka
565:Sounds and Meanings of the Whole Canon
396:, and the archetype for later Chinese
38:
1902:
1663:
1427:"Buddhist impact on Chinese Language"
1202:region is in the lower valley of the
7:
2899:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
2839:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1395:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism
1085:text comprises 25 chapters/volumes (
899:(632-682), more glossaries like the
877:(550-577) Buddhist monk Daohui's 道慧
446:"all; whole; every; everything" for
2889:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
1976:A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology
1121:, Xuanying followed the example of
1410:. John Benjamins. pp. 35–47.
25:
1801:Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction
1723:Science and Civilisation in China
1503:Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008).
1462:Science and Civilisation in China
1350:by more than one thousand years.
492:"sound; tone; pronunciation" and
469:; scripture; canon; classic" for
3029:
1459:; Harbsmeier, Christoph (1998).
1194:Fu Qian's 服虔 (late 2nd century)
1117:For the format and style of the
1105:Categorizing the groundbreaking
2084:, Pelliot chinois 4683, Gallica
1974:Tr. Baxter, William H. (1992),
1291:to partially reconstruct them.
1229:character "spellings" from the
789:Southern and Northern dynasties
590:Sound and Meaning of All Sutras
238:
217:
193:
2929:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
2447:
2442:
2438:
2160:
1496:Essays on the Chinese Language
1378:). Yong and Peng describe the
1287:(1644-1911) scholars used the
1279:. Since many quotes come from
702:(c. 14th century) portrait of
503:"sound and meaning (of words)"
394:technical Buddhist terminology
358:
298:
172:
158:
120:
106:
1:
2189:
1915:Needham & Harbsmeier 1998
1587:Needham & Harbsmeier 1998
1498:. Presbyterian Mission Press.
905:Xinji zangjing yinyi suihanlu
585:Glosses of the Buddhist Texts
519:(581-618), also known as the
515:" first came into use in the
499:"meaning; significance", for
382:
64:
3035:List of Chinese dictionaries
2879:The Five Thousand Dictionary
2869:A Chinese–English Dictionary
1978:, Mouton de Gruyter. p. 319.
1707:, Walter de Gruyter. p. 125.
1366:historical Chinese phonology
1342:". Furthermore, it preceded
1146:The basic structure of each
1134:dictionary of the Confucian
556:, compare these renderings:
2525:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
2061:, Harvard University Press.
1803:. Oxford University Press.
1489:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1348:Sanskrit-English Dictionary
746:Middle Indo-Aryan languages
456:"whole; entire; all; every"
79:
3085:
2760:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
1729:Cambridge University Press
1485:Malmqvist, N.G.D. (2010).
1468:Cambridge University Press
1399:Princeton University Press
1370:written vernacular Chinese
1089:卷) in 450 sections/parts (
630:A Daoist text adapted the
388:) is the oldest surviving
29:
3069:7th-century Chinese books
3027:
2804:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
2155:
2096:, 1931 Japanese edition,
1625:Theobald, Ulrich (2011),
1037:arranged on the basis of
1016:華嚴經) and ending with the
887:Miàofǎ liánhuá jīng yīnyì
425:
413:
369:
342:
335:
321:
282:
275:
261:
135:
85:
53:
49:
2771:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
2078:Yi qie jing yin yi 一切經音義
2057:Mair, Victor H. (1989),
1861:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1774:Chien & Creamer 1986
1687:Buswell & Lopez 2013
1575:Chien & Creamer 1986
1431:Buddhism Without Borders
636:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
194:Jat1-cai3-ging1 jam1-ji6
101:Traditional Chinese
32:Yiqiejing yinyi (Huilin)
2909:Grammata Serica Recensa
2072:Yi qie jing yin yi一切經音義
1511:Oxford University Press
1353:There are flaws in the
679:Emperor Taizong of Tang
668:Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
115:Simplified Chinese
3054:Chinese Buddhist texts
2977:(Tangut; 12th century)
2177:(first millennium BCE)
1720:; et al. (1976).
1340:bilingual lexicography
1192:
1103:
941:bilingual dictionaries
859:
840:因果 "cause and effect;
710:
688:
398:bilingual dictionaries
2193: 3rd century BC
2098:National Diet Library
1641:Renn, Jürgen (2012),
1164:
1098:
854:
708:Tokyo National Museum
698:
683:
239:ʔJittshetkeng ʔimngje
3059:Chinese dictionaries
2983:Pentaglot Dictionary
2503:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
2082:Dunhuang manuscripts
2043:Yong & Peng 2008
2031:Yong & Peng 2008
2016:Yong & Peng 2008
1988:Yong & Peng 2008
1963:Yong & Peng 2008
1946:Yong & Peng 2008
1888:Yong & Peng 2008
1873:Yong & Peng 2008
1849:Yong & Peng 2008
1837:Yong & Peng 2008
1824:Yong & Peng 2008
1787:Yong & Peng 2008
1753:Yong & Peng 2008
1599:Yong & Peng 2008
1546:Yong & Peng 2008
1494:Watters, T. (1889).
1425:Guang, Xing (2012).
1344:Horace Hayman Wilson
1322:bilingual dictionary
1190:; this is an error.
715:transmitted to China
404:was compiled by the
173:I-ch'ieh-ching yin-i
2571:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
1560:, pp. 52, 382.
723:Eastern Han dynasty
713:Buddhism was first
640:Yiqie Daojing yinyi
619:titles include the
400:. This specialized
80:Śāriputraparipṛcchā
61:Dunhuang manuscript
3012:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
2965:In other languages
2492:Zhongwen Da Cidian
2388:Zhonghua Da Zidian
2138:Chinese characters
2136:for scripts using
2080:, c. 8th century,
1320:is not strictly a
1247:Chinese literature
913:Xu yiqiejing yinyi
711:
675:Dà Táng nèidiǎn lù
408:lexicographer and
390:Chinese dictionary
68: 8th century
3041:
3040:
3023:
3022:
2973:Pearl in the Palm
2960:
2959:
2817:
2816:
2653:(c. 12th century)
2399:Xinhua Dictionary
2377:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
2366:Kangxi Dictionary
2327:(c. 11th century)
1645:, epubli. p. 259.
1136:Thirteen Classics
1035:rime dictionaries
1022:Nyayanusara Sutra
922:Chinese phonology
909:Later Jin dynasty
873:lexicons was the
869:A predecessor to
373:
372:
365:
364:
305:
304:
299:Ilch'egyŏng ŭm'ŭi
293:McCune–Reischauer
245:
244:
146:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
3076:
3033:
3032:
3016:
3008:
2998:
2997:(Japanese; 1960)
2993:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
2988:
2978:
2953:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2914:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2828:
2810:
2788:
2782:Longkan Shoujian
2777:
2766:
2755:
2733:
2722:
2721:(c. 1st century)
2698:
2687:
2676:
2670:Zhongyuan Yinyun
2665:
2654:
2643:
2632:
2621:
2610:
2599:
2588:
2577:
2566:
2555:
2531:
2520:
2509:
2498:
2487:
2476:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2427:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2328:
2317:
2306:
2305:(c. 7th century)
2295:
2284:
2283:(c. 4th century)
2273:
2262:
2251:
2240:
2229:
2218:
2207:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2178:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1667:
1661:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1452:
1421:
1402:
1066:Taishō Tripiṭaka
1009:Avatamsaka Sutra
960:Fanyu qianzi wen
924:of their times.
834:internal alchemy
797:Standard Chinese
664:Xù gāosēng zhuàn
533:Chinese classics
427:
415:
387:
384:
361:
360:
344:
338:
337:
324:
323:
301:
300:
284:
278:
277:
264:
263:
241:
240:
220:
219:
218:It-chhèkeng imgī
196:
195:
175:
174:
161:
160:
159:Yīqièjīng yīn-yì
137:
123:
122:
109:
108:
88:
87:
82:
69:
66:
58:
39:
21:
18:Yiqie jing yinyi
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3019:
3014:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2976:
2956:
2951:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2912:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2872:
2862:
2852:
2842:
2831:Chinese–English
2813:
2808:
2791:
2786:
2775:
2764:
2753:
2749:Jingdian Shiwen
2736:
2731:
2720:
2701:
2696:
2685:
2674:
2663:
2652:
2641:
2630:
2619:
2608:
2597:
2593:Yunhai jingyuan
2586:
2575:
2564:
2553:
2534:
2529:
2518:
2514:Hanyu Da Cidian
2507:
2496:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2414:
2410:Hanyu Da Zidian
2403:
2392:
2381:
2370:
2359:
2348:
2337:
2326:
2315:
2304:
2293:
2282:
2271:
2260:
2249:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2205:
2192:
2187:
2176:
2153:
2140:
2131:
2068:
2054:
2052:Further reading
2049:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1867:
1863:, p. 1031.
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:. p. 114.
1718:Needham, Joseph
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1689:, p. 1030.
1685:
1670:
1662:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1521:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1457:Needham, Joseph
1455:
1449:
1424:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1389:
1380:Yiqiejing yinyi
1362:Yiqiejing yinyi
1355:Yiqiejing yinyi
1336:Yiqiejing yinyi
1318:Yiqiejing yinyi
1310:Leiden Glossary
1304:Jingdian shiwen
1300:Yiqiejing yinyi
1289:Yiqiejing yinyi
1242:Yiqiejing yinyi
1235:Chinese dialect
1231:Yiqiejing yinyi
1148:Yiqiejing yinyi
1140:Yiqiejing yinyi
1128:Jingdian Shiwen
1119:Yiqiejing yinyi
1107:Yiqiejing yinyi
1083:Yiqiejing yinyi
1079:
1071:Yiqiejing yinyi
1061:Yiqiejing yinyi
1027:Shùnzhèng lǐlùn
977:Emperor Taizong
933:Fānyì míngyì jí
901:Yiqiejing yinyi
799:translation of
750:written Chinese
706:'s pilgrimage,
700:Kamakura period
693:
670:) in Chang'an.
656:Yiqiejing yinyi
648:
634:title. In 712,
632:Yiqiejing yinyi
621:Zhongjing yinyi
617:Yiqiejing yinyi
554:Yiqiejing yinyi
434:
385:
378:Yiqiejing yinyi
353:Revised Hepburn
128:Literal meaning
90:
72:Yiqiejing yinyi
67:
43:Yiqiejing yinyi
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3007:(French; 2001)
3003:Le Grand Ricci
2999:
2989:
2987:(Manchu; 1794)
2979:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2834:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2767:
2756:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2723:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2686:(17th century)
2677:
2666:
2664:(14th century)
2655:
2644:
2633:
2622:
2611:
2600:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2556:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2521:
2510:
2499:
2488:
2477:
2466:
2454:
2452:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2421:Zhonghua Zihai
2417:
2406:
2395:
2384:
2373:
2362:
2351:
2340:
2329:
2318:
2307:
2296:
2285:
2274:
2263:
2252:
2241:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2197:
2179:
2167:
2165:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2075:
2067:
2066:External links
2064:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2045:, p. 222.
2035:
2033:, p. 370.
2020:
2018:, p. 170.
2008:
2006:, p. 159.
2004:Malmqvist 2010
1996:
1980:
1967:
1965:, p. 184.
1954:
1950:pp. 171, 173-4
1938:
1923:
1907:
1905:, p. 234.
1892:
1890:, p. 371.
1877:
1875:, p. 369.
1865:
1853:
1851:, p. 220.
1841:
1839:, p. 207.
1828:
1826:, p. 208.
1816:
1809:
1791:
1789:, p. 219.
1778:
1757:
1755:, p. 219.
1744:
1737:
1709:
1691:
1668:
1666:, p. 235.
1647:
1634:
1631:Chinaknowledge
1618:
1616:, p. 158.
1614:Malmqvist 2010
1603:
1601:, p. 110.
1591:
1589:, p. 426.
1579:
1562:
1550:
1548:, p. 219.
1532:
1526:
1525:
1519:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1453:
1447:
1422:
1416:
1403:
1388:
1385:
1157:Middle Chinese
1078:
1075:
954:(596-664) and
811:Middle Chinese
692:
689:
647:
644:
625:Xuanying yinyi
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
537:Three Kingdoms
505:
504:
477:
457:
433:
430:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
355:
349:
348:
347:Transcriptions
340:
339:
332:
326:
325:
318:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
302:
295:
289:
288:
287:Transcriptions
280:
279:
272:
266:
265:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
243:
242:
235:
233:Middle Chinese
229:
228:
226:Middle Chinese
222:
221:
214:
205:
204:
198:
197:
190:
184:
183:
181:Yue: Cantonese
177:
176:
169:
163:
162:
155:
149:
148:
142:
141:
140:Transcriptions
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
117:
111:
110:
103:
97:
96:
92:
91:
59:
51:
50:
47:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3081:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3036:
3026:
3013:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2642:(before 1161)
2639:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:(3rd century)
2258:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:(2nd century)
2225:
2224:
2223:Shuowen Jiezi
2220:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1936:, p. 53.
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1810:9780199945375
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1776:, p. 36.
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1738:9780521210287
1734:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1577:, p. 35.
1576:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1520:9780191561672
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1477:9780521571432
1473:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1448:9789993614692
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1417:9789027245236
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:scholarship.
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:Shuowen Jiezi
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:syllabic rime
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:Yiqiejing yin
985:
980:
978:
974:
969:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:
888:
884:
880:
879:Yiqiejing yin
876:
872:
867:
865:
858:
853:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
804:
803:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
782:
777:
776:
771:
767:
766:transliterate
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
705:
701:
697:
690:
687:
682:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
645:
643:
641:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
558:
557:
555:
550:
548:
547:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
498:
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
442:
439:
438:
437:
431:
429:
423:
419:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
380:
379:
368:
359:Issaikyō ongi
356:
354:
350:
345:
341:
333:
331:
327:
319:
317:
313:
310:Japanese name
308:
296:
294:
290:
285:
281:
273:
271:
267:
259:
257:
253:
248:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
215:
213:
210:
206:
203:
199:
191:
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185:
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168:
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156:
154:
150:
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143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
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112:
104:
102:
98:
93:
81:
77:
73:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3064:Tang dynasty
3001:
2991:
2981:
2971:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2802:
2796:Biographical
2780:
2769:
2758:
2747:
2725:
2714:
2692:Peiwen Yunfu
2690:
2681:Qi Lin Bayin
2679:
2668:
2659:Menggu Ziyun
2657:
2648:Pingshui Yun
2646:
2635:
2624:
2613:
2602:
2591:
2580:
2569:
2558:
2547:
2523:
2512:
2501:
2490:
2479:
2468:
2457:
2446:
2419:
2408:
2397:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2353:
2342:
2331:
2320:
2309:
2298:
2287:
2276:
2265:
2254:
2243:
2232:
2221:
2210:
2199:
2181:
2170:
2159:
2134:Dictionaries
2094:一切経音義. 巻第1之4
2058:
2038:
2011:
1999:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1957:
1941:
1934:Watters 1889
1910:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1831:
1819:
1800:
1794:
1781:
1747:
1721:
1712:
1704:
1642:
1637:
1621:
1594:
1582:
1558:Watters 1889
1553:
1528:
1527:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1460:
1439:10722/149321
1430:
1407:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1335:
1330:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1285:Qing dynasty
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1056:dictionary.
1053:Huilin yinyi
1051:
1049:
1042:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1007:
987:
981:
970:
963:
959:
948:Tang dynasty
945:
936:
932:
928:
927:Besides the
926:
917:Liao dynasty
912:
904:
900:
890:
886:
882:
878:
870:
868:
863:
860:
855:
850:
845:
837:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
800:
786:
779:
773:
768:rather than
759:
753:
735:
727:Central Asia
712:
684:
674:
672:
663:
655:
649:
639:
631:
629:
624:
620:
616:
614:
609:
604:
599:
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589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
560:
553:
551:
544:
540:
524:
520:
508:
506:
500:
493:
486:
479:
470:
459:
450:
440:
435:
406:Tang dynasty
377:
376:
374:
202:Southern Min
153:Hanyu Pinyin
95:Chinese name
76:Mahāsāṃghika
74:section for
71:
42:
36:
2774:一切經音義 (慧琳)
2763:一切經音義 (玄英)
2355:Zhengzitong
2300:Ganlu Zishu
2206:(c. 220 BC)
2201:Cangjiepian
2172:Shizhoupian
2145:Monolingual
1252:Cangjiepian
1240:Xuanying's
996:Śrāvakayāna
892:Lotus Sutra
875:Northern Qi
778:spells and
721:during the
652:Dharma name
517:Sui dynasty
418:Sanskritist
250:Korean name
3048:Categories
2741:Exegetical
2730:現代漢語方言大詞典
2217:(c. 40 BC)
2152:Characters
1903:Guang 2012
1664:Guang 2012
1387:References
1368:and early
1346:'s (1819)
1281:lost works
1184:kæwX-kwajH
1172:kæwX-kwajH
1160:kæwX-kwajH
1132:exegetical
1041:, and the
1018:Abhidharma
1014:Huáyánjīng
822:ngetbannop
793:neologisms
731:Kumārajīva
729:, such as
673:The (664)
615:Alternate
541:Erya yinyi
521:Dàzàngjīng
412:Xuanying (
386: 649
336:いっさいきょうおんぎ
167:Wade–Giles
45:(Xuanying)
2823:Bilingual
2707:Varieties
2637:Qiyin lüe
2528:现代汉语规范词典
2256:Xiao Erya
2212:Jijiupian
1529:Footnotes
1327:loanwords
1296:collation
1204:Wei River
1200:Guanzhong
1196:Tongsuwen
1188:kæwX-kwæt
1180:Tōngsúwén
1125:'s (583)
1123:Lu Deming
1112:yinyi shu
1012:(Chinese
937:Fān fànyǔ
824:涅槃那, and
770:translate
719:Silk Road
513:Tripiṭaka
509:yīqièjīng
507:The term
501:śabdârtha
3015:(Korean)
2807:中國人名大辭典
2776:(c. 807)
2765:(c. 649)
2754:(c. 583)
2604:Guangyun
2554:(c. 230)
2549:Shenglei
2473:教育部國語辭典
2294:(c. 543)
2272:(c. 350)
2250:(c. 230)
2239:(c. 200)
1294:For the
1276:Shenglei
1153:jiǎokuài
992:Mahayana
973:Chang'an
952:Xuanzang
818:nièpánnà
738:Sanskrit
717:via the
704:Xuanzang
529:exegesis
448:Sanskrit
422:Xuanzang
402:glossary
330:Hiragana
188:Jyutping
2716:Fangyan
2626:Yunjing
2582:Tangyun
2574:刊謬補缺切韻
2506:现代汉语词典
2311:Leipian
2245:Guangya
2234:Shiming
1375:bianwen
1178:): The
1077:Content
1029:順正理論).
1004:Shastra
984:Daoxuan
830:nejhwan
814:ngetban
802:nirvana
781:dhāraṇī
691:History
660:Daoxuan
209:Hokkien
2952:(1997)
2949:CEDICT
2942:Online
2933:(1996)
2923:(1972)
2913:(1957)
2903:(1947)
2893:(1931)
2883:(1926)
2873:(1892)
2863:(1874)
2853:(1842)
2843:(1823)
2809:(1921)
2732:(2002)
2697:(1711)
2675:(1324)
2631:(1161)
2620:(1037)
2609:(1008)
2560:Qieyun
2530:(2004)
2519:(1994)
2517:漢語大詞典
2508:(1978)
2497:(1968)
2495:中文大辭典
2486:(1938)
2475:(1926)
2464:(1915)
2459:Ciyuan
2426:(1994)
2415:(1989)
2413:漢語大字典
2404:(1957)
2393:(1915)
2391:中華大字典
2382:(1815)
2380:說文解字注
2371:(1716)
2360:(1627)
2349:(1615)
2338:(1254)
2333:Zitong
2316:(1066)
2289:Yupian
2278:Ziyuan
1992:p. 275
1952:, 208.
1807:
1735:
1517:
1474:
1445:
1414:
1273:, and
1264:Ziyuan
1227:fanqie
1222:Qieyun
1217:fanqie
1212:fanqie
1138:. The
1114:音義書).
1044:fanqie
1002:, and
1000:Vinaya
956:Yijing
844:" and
838:yīnguǒ
807:nièpán
775:mantra
761:prajñā
744:, and
646:Author
535:. The
480:yīn-yì
441:yị̄qiè
256:Hangul
2787:(997)
2785:龍龕手鑒
2752:經典釋文
2695:佩文韻府
2684:戚林八音
2673:中原音韻
2662:蒙古字韻
2615:Jiyun
2598:(780)
2596:韻海鏡源
2587:(732)
2576:(706)
2565:(601)
2481:Cihai
2435:Words
2424:中华字海
2402:新华字典
2369:康熙字典
2344:Zihui
2303:干祿字書
2267:Zilin
2226:說文解字
2088:一切経音義
1919:p. 78
1331:yinyi
1270:Zilin
1176:kwæjH
1170:<
1155:<
929:yinyi
897:Kuiji
883:yinyi
871:yinyi
864:yinyi
842:karma
828:<
826:níwán
820:<
809:<
755:bodhi
748:into
525:yīnyì
474:सूत्र
471:sūtra
467:sutra
451:sárva
432:Title
420:monk
322:一切經音義
316:Kanji
276:일체경음의
270:Hanja
262:一切經音義
121:一切经音义
107:一切經音義
86:舍利弗問經
2651:平水韻
2640:七音略
2540:Rime
2358:正字通
2322:Piya
2259:小爾雅
2215:急就篇
2204:倉頡篇
2183:Erya
2175:史籀篇
1961:Tr.
1835:Tr.
1805:ISBN
1785:Tr.
1751:Tr.
1733:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1316:The
1168:jiǎo
1166:狡獪
1087:juǎn
1081:The
1059:The
846:Fútú
758:and
742:Pali
546:Erya
460:jīng
454:सर्व
410:monk
375:The
2719:方言
2629:韻鏡
2618:集韻
2607:廣韻
2585:唐韻
2563:切韻
2552:聲類
2484:辭海
2462:辭源
2347:字彙
2336:字通
2325:埤雅
2314:類篇
2292:玉篇
2281:字苑
2270:字林
2248:廣雅
2237:釋名
2186:爾雅
1435:hdl
1298:of
1174:(~
895:by
805:is
662:'s
563:or
549:".
531:of
487:yīn
392:of
212:POJ
3050::
2448:cí
2445:;
2190:c.
2161:zì
2158:;
2023:^
1990:,
1948:,
1926:^
1917:,
1895:^
1880:^
1760:^
1727:.
1694:^
1671:^
1650:^
1629:,
1606:^
1565:^
1536:^
1513:.
1509:.
1470:.
1466:.
1441:.
1429:.
1397:.
1313:.
1283:,
1267:,
1261:,
1255:,
1237:.
1206:.
1091:bù
998:,
994:,
968:.
943:.
740:,
681:,
494:yì
483:音義
444:一切
426:慧琳
414:玄應
383:c.
70:)
65:c.
2451:)
2443:词
2441:／
2439:詞
2437:(
2195:)
2188:(
2164:)
2156:字
2154:(
2126:e
2119:t
2112:v
1994:.
1921:.
1813:.
1741:.
1523:.
1480:.
1451:.
1437::
1420:.
1401:.
1110:(
1025:(
497:義
490:音
465:"
463:經
381:(
89:)
83:(
63:(
34:.
20:)
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