2535:
118:
2542:
3925:
1779:
3486:
3491:
139:
2528:
1773:
1767:
3985:
3931:
457:
on each wing, the longest measuring about 6.7 cm (2.6 in). Unlike in many more basal species, the feathers did not become narrower or more pointed at the tip. Rather, the feathers were very broad and rounded. There were eight tail feathers, up to 9.2 cm (3.6 in) long, anchored to
478:
are unique among those preserved in other
Mesozoic bird specimens, and have allowed scientists to infer its probable lifestyle. The wings were broad and rounded, with similarly large, rounded feathers. The tail feathers were arranged in a graduated series, with the outer feathers anchored closer to
386:
was moderately sized compared to other yanornithiformes, at about the size of a chicken. IVPP V12631 was measured approximately 19 to 20 centimetres (7.5 to 7.9 in) long (excluding feathers), 11.5 centimetres (4.5 in) tall at the hips, with a wingspan of about 40 cm (16 in). Its
486:
These adaptations are rare among
Mesozoic birds, many of which are known to have had long, pointed wings and very few, if any, long tail feathers. The rectrical bulb and plough-shaped pygostyle allowing for tail fanning is also a unique characteristic of ornithurine birds, of which
411:
The breastbone bore a strong keel for the attachment of flight muscles, and contained a distinct opening or fenestra, a unique characteristic of yanornithiformes. The upper and lower arm were about the same length. Like other ornithurines,
880:
Jingmai K. O’connor, Xuri Wang, Luis M. Chiappe, Chunling Gao, Qingjin Meng,Xiaodong Cheng, And
Jinyuan Liu (2009). "Phylogenetic support for a specialized clade of Cretaceous enantiornithine birds with information from a new species"
419:
The hips and hind limbs preserved more primitive features than the forelimbs, supporting the idea that the modern adaptations in the locomotion seen in modern birds evolved after the many specializations needed for flight. The
495:, Zhou Zhonghe and Zhang Fucheng found that the ability to fan the tail, along with the broad wings, show that it probably preferred environments with dense vegetation, where high maneuverability in flight would be necessary.
407:
the tips of the jaws were toothless and pockmarked with small pits and grooves, possibly indicating the presence of a beak. The teeth were small and peg-like, and lacked any serrations. The lower jaw was thin and delicate.
424:, or reversed, perching toe of modern birds, is noticeably pointed backward in the fossil. However, there is no clear evidence that the bone itself was twisted, which would indicate that the toe was permanently reversed.
741:
Xu, L.; Wang, M.; Chen, R.; Dong, L.; Lin, M.; Xu, X.; Tang, J.; You, H.; Zhou, G.; Wang, L.; He, W.; Li, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, Z. (2023). "A new avialan theropod from an emerging
Jurassic terrestrial fauna".
376:. It is nearly complete and, unlike many other fossils, the bones are mostly uncrushed and were not split in half when the stone slabs were initially separated. It is also one of the few known Mesozoic
369:
2534:
4124:
578:
4078:
479:
the base of the tail. This would have given the tail a slightly rounded silhouette. Additionally, carbonized tissue impressions show that it had a
4134:
925:
897:
725:
1778:
3924:
830:"Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of
660:"Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of
126:
3485:
2541:
442:
was more narrow than in its relatives, and its shoulder blade was much shorter, only half the length of the upper arm bone (
327:
2527:
483:, the muscles around the tail which allow the tail feathers to be fanned out during flight, and retraced when at rest.
3490:
138:
117:
1772:
1718:
918:
4129:
2071:
1016:
430:
differed from related birds only in small skeletal characteristics. For example, the teeth in the lower jaw of
1766:
777:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in
Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
3610:
2475:
569:
4005:
3988:
3587:
3531:
349:
4119:
4091:
3847:
2097:
1662:
272:
3818:
600:"Timing of the Jiufotang Formation (Jehol Group) in Liaoning, northeastern China, and its implications"
4065:
4057:
3930:
911:
786:
611:
434:
were confined to a smaller space, while they lined more of the jaw in related species. The wishbone (
2879:
2374:
2240:
1875:
319:
3875:
3007:
2956:
2603:
2343:
1566:
1043:
810:
323:
235:
133:
4096:
2784:
2704:
548:
was found to have a fan tail as well, though it may have evolved independently of modern birds.
3775:
3159:
3727:
2986:
2714:
2229:
2014:
1618:
985:
863:
802:
759:
721:
693:
4043:
416:
had a highly fused hand, with many wrist bones joined that are free in more primitive birds.
3958:
3883:
3825:
3418:
3309:
3016:
2694:
2418:
2397:
1707:
1641:
1548:
1185:
853:
845:
794:
751:
683:
675:
619:
304:
30:
3905:
3898:
3861:
3782:
3766:
3346:
3318:
2965:
2593:
2452:
2383:
2255:
2218:
2060:
2045:
1964:
1920:
1899:
1676:
1555:
1512:
1337:
1268:
1001:
454:
790:
615:
3948:
3890:
3854:
3751:
3683:
3658:
3631:
3599:
3243:
3213:
3078:
2917:
2835:
2724:
2464:
2390:
2353:
1851:
1648:
1407:
1303:
1242:
1221:
858:
829:
688:
659:
499:
4113:
3968:
3963:
3832:
3692:
3576:
3520:
3199:
3118:
3062:
3032:
2979:
2972:
2858:
2849:
2633:
2613:
2156:
2145:
2031:
2000:
1957:
1906:
1892:
1586:
1318:
1296:
1281:
1199:
849:
679:
571:
Dinosaurs: The Most
Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages
526:
399:
387:
body weight has been estimated to have been 200 to 350 grams (0.44 to 0.77 lb).
361:
68:
814:
598:
He, H.Y.; Wang, X.L.; Zhou, Z.H.; Wang, F.; Boven, A.; Shi, G.H.; Zhu, R.X. (2004).
3978:
3840:
3567:
3441:
3434:
3373:
3291:
3024:
2903:
2815:
2764:
2734:
2683:
2623:
2441:
2294:
2279:
2264:
2198:
2086:
2038:
1950:
1840:
1695:
1655:
1634:
1627:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1540:
1525:
1461:
1418:
1379:
1249:
1228:
1159:
1137:
492:
4037:
3803:
3713:
3648:
3389:
3339:
3270:
3222:
2993:
2941:
2888:
2774:
2744:
2663:
2427:
2177:
2167:
1830:
1669:
1434:
1393:
1364:
1357:
1325:
1235:
1169:
1109:
1096:
1055:
934:
544:
373:
43:
755:
3868:
3736:
3543:
3427:
3397:
3364:
3332:
3298:
3284:
3277:
3101:
3071:
2865:
2825:
2754:
2643:
2572:
2559:
2487:
2434:
2310:
2287:
2272:
2208:
2135:
2023:
1993:
1986:
1929:
1885:
1579:
1468:
1452:
1441:
1400:
1386:
1350:
1311:
1289:
507:
380:
bird specimens that preserve clear impressions of the wing and tail feathers.
377:
315:
196:
88:
53:
4028:
763:
3973:
3953:
3789:
3744:
3706:
3699:
3256:
3189:
3169:
3149:
3139:
3129:
2933:
2926:
2895:
2360:
2187:
1979:
1861:
1533:
1475:
1427:
1371:
1257:
1126:
1028:
976:
798:
539:
459:
209:
150:
93:
37:
867:
806:
697:
4022:
3796:
3668:
3325:
3263:
3085:
3039:
2653:
2404:
2328:
1972:
1936:
1482:
1214:
967:
958:
885:
29(1):188–204, March 2009# 2009 by the
Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
624:
599:
520:
393:
183:
170:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
4083:
4052:
3810:
3556:
3404:
3229:
2804:
2114:
1943:
1809:
1796:
1730:
335:
222:
98:
73:
3381:
3179:
2794:
2673:
1148:
952:
453:
are well preserved in the only known specimen. There were about five
331:
160:
3999:
718:
Dinosaurs Facts and
Figures: The Theropods and Other Dinosauriformes
1206:
531:
311:
4070:
3508:
3453:
372:, is one of the most well-preserved bird fossils known from the
308:
4003:
3506:
2557:
1794:
1094:
945:
907:
903:
538:
was the most primitive bird to display an essentially modern
506:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that it may have been
542:
and fan of tail feathers. Later, an enantiornithine called
370:
Institute of
Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
828:
Clarke, Julia A.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Zhang, Fucheng (2006).
368:, catalog number IVPP V12631 in the collections of the
3763:
3724:
3680:
3664:
3654:
3644:
3415:
3361:
3240:
3210:
3195:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3114:
3059:
3004:
2953:
2914:
2876:
2846:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2800:
2790:
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2720:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2589:
2461:
2415:
2371:
2340:
2323:
2252:
2236:
2225:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2152:
2141:
2131:
2083:
2057:
2011:
1917:
1872:
1857:
1847:
1836:
1826:
1704:
1509:
1182:
1165:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1122:
4012:
3762:
3723:
3679:
3629:
3598:
3575:
3566:
3542:
3519:
3452:
3414:
3360:
3308:
3239:
3209:
3099:
3058:
3003:
2952:
2913:
2875:
2845:
2570:
2486:
2460:
2451:
2414:
2370:
2339:
2308:
2251:
2112:
2082:
2056:
2010:
1916:
1871:
1807:
1729:
1703:
1694:
1617:
1565:
1508:
1451:
1417:
1336:
1267:
1180:
1107:
1054:
1027:
1000:
711:
709:
707:
534:of early modern birds. Clarke et al. found that
352:, who surveyed China in the early 20th century.
491:is among the earliest known. In a 2006 study,
919:
8:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
334:age, around 120 million years ago. Only one
720:. Princeton University Press. p. 282.
563:
561:
391:was grossly similar to its close relatives
318:period. Its remains have been found in the
4000:
3637:
3572:
3548:
3516:
3503:
3248:
3107:
2582:
2578:
2567:
2554:
2457:
2316:
2124:
2120:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1791:
1700:
1571:
1517:
1505:
1342:
1273:
1191:
1115:
1104:
1091:
1033:
1006:
997:
942:
926:
912:
904:
658:Clarke, J.A.; Zhou, Z.; Zhang, F. (2006).
344:, is known at present. The specific name,
116:
20:
857:
716:Molina-Pérez, R.; Larramendi, A. (2019).
687:
623:
348:, is named after American paleontologist
557:
584:from the original on October 2, 2022.
364:(and only specimen found to date) of
7:
4125:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
883:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
403:. All three had teeth, though in
3984:
3983:
3929:
3923:
3489:
3484:
2540:
2533:
2526:
1777:
1771:
1765:
850:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00534.x
680:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00534.x
510:, similar to most modern birds.
466:(see below) as in modern birds.
137:
896:(2004): The Theropod Database:
127:Paleozoological Museum of China
1:
4135:Fossil taxa described in 2001
568:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012).
604:Geophysical Research Letters
524:and together with this and
518:It was a close relative of
4151:
756:10.1038/s41586-023-06513-7
328:People's Republic of China
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3943:
3921:
3640:
3551:
3515:
3502:
3482:
3251:
3110:
2585:
2581:
2566:
2553:
2524:
2319:
2127:
2123:
1822:
1818:
1803:
1790:
1763:
1574:
1520:
1504:
1345:
1276:
1194:
1118:
1103:
1090:
1036:
1009:
996:
941:
278:
271:
134:Scientific classification
132:
124:
115:
23:
900:. Retrieved 2013-MAR-02.
498:Comparisons between the
799:10.1126/science.1200043
449:The flight feathers of
350:Amadeus William Grabau
291:Zhou & Zhang, 2001
4092:Paleobiology Database
1663:Paralitherizinosaurus
330:) dated to the early
625:10.1029/2004GL019790
586:Winter 2011 Appendix
2880:Patagopterygiformes
2375:Confuciusornithidae
2241:Scansoriopterygidae
1876:Scansoriopterygidae
832:Yixianornis grabaui
791:2011Sci...332..705S
662:Yixianornis grabaui
616:2004GeoRL..3112605H
470:Biology and ecology
341:Yixianornis grabaui
320:Jiufotang Formation
285:Yixianornis grabaui
3008:Songlingornithidae
2957:Hongshanornithidae
2344:Omnivoropterygidae
2256:Jeholornithiformes
1567:Therizinosauroidea
838:Journal of Anatomy
668:Journal of Anatomy
236:Songlingornithidae
4107:
4106:
4006:Taxon identifiers
3997:
3996:
3939:
3938:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3819:Lutetodontopteris
3728:Gastornithiformes
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3509:Aves / Neornithes
3498:
3497:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3454:Aves / Neornithes
3356:
3355:
3095:
3094:
2987:Parahongshanornis
2549:
2548:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2304:
2303:
2230:Archaeopterygidae
2108:
2107:
2015:Archaeopterygidae
1786:
1785:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1619:Therizinosauridae
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
986:Maniraptoriformes
898:Phylogeny of taxa
894:Mortimer, Michael
750:(7978): 336–343.
727:978-0-691-18031-1
296:
295:
4142:
4100:
4099:
4087:
4086:
4074:
4073:
4061:
4060:
4058:7EAF67B1B46DEE82
4048:
4047:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4001:
3987:
3986:
3959:Deinonychosauria
3934:
3933:
3927:
3884:Protodontopteryx
3826:Macrodontopteryx
3765:
3726:
3682:
3666:
3656:
3646:
3638:
3573:
3549:
3517:
3504:
3493:
3488:
3419:Cimolopterygidae
3417:
3363:
3310:Hesperornithidae
3249:
3242:
3212:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3147:
3137:
3127:
3116:
3108:
3061:
3006:
2955:
2916:
2878:
2848:
2833:
2823:
2813:
2802:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2712:
2702:
2692:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2611:
2601:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2568:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2463:
2458:
2419:Jinguofortisidae
2417:
2398:Eoconfuciusornis
2373:
2342:
2325:
2317:
2254:
2238:
2227:
2216:
2206:
2196:
2185:
2175:
2165:
2154:
2143:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2085:
2059:
2013:
1919:
1874:
1859:
1849:
1838:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1805:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1719:Oviraptorosauria
1708:Oviraptorosauria
1706:
1701:
1642:Nanshiungosaurus
1572:
1549:Jianchangosaurus
1518:
1511:
1506:
1343:
1274:
1192:
1186:Alvarezsauroidea
1184:
1167:
1157:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1116:
1105:
1092:
1034:
1007:
998:
991:
990:
943:
928:
921:
914:
905:
895:
886:
878:
872:
871:
861:
825:
819:
818:
774:
768:
767:
738:
732:
731:
713:
702:
701:
691:
655:
630:
629:
627:
595:
589:
588:
583:
576:
565:
474:The feathers of
455:primary feathers
305:Yixian Formation
287:
283:
247:
234:
142:
141:
120:
110:
40:
31:Early Cretaceous
29:Temporal range:
21:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4130:Jiufotang fauna
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4095:
4090:
4082:
4077:
4069:
4064:
4056:
4051:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4008:
3998:
3993:
3935:
3928:
3911:
3906:Tympanonesiotes
3899:Pseudodontornis
3862:Palaeochenoides
3783:Caspiodontornis
3767:Pelagornithidae
3758:
3719:
3675:
3617:
3594:
3562:
3538:
3511:
3494:
3468:
3448:
3410:
3352:
3347:Parahesperornis
3319:Asiahesperornis
3304:
3235:
3205:
3104:
3091:
3054:
2999:
2966:Archaeornithura
2948:
2909:
2871:
2841:
2594:Archaeorhynchus
2575:
2562:
2545:
2532:
2502:
2482:
2453:Ornithothoraces
2447:
2410:
2384:Changchengornis
2366:
2335:
2313:
2300:
2247:
2219:Anchiornithidae
2117:
2104:
2078:
2072:Dromaeosauridae
2061:Dromaeosauridae
2052:
2046:Anchiornithidae
2006:
1965:Liaoningvenator
1921:Anchiornithidae
1912:
1900:Scansoriopteryx
1867:
1812:
1799:
1782:
1745:
1725:
1682:
1677:Therizinosaurus
1613:
1561:
1556:Lingyuanosaurus
1513:Therizinosauria
1488:
1447:
1413:
1338:Parvicursorinae
1332:
1269:Alvarezsauridae
1263:
1188:
1176:
1112:
1099:
1070:
1050:
1023:
1017:Avemetatarsalia
1002:Avemetatarsalia
992:
948:
947:
937:
932:
893:
890:
889:
879:
875:
827:
826:
822:
785:(6030): 705–8.
776:
775:
771:
740:
739:
735:
728:
715:
714:
705:
657:
656:
633:
597:
596:
592:
581:
574:
567:
566:
559:
554:
516:
472:
358:
314:from the early
292:
289:
281:
280:
267:
264:Y. grabaui
245:
232:
136:
125:Type specimen,
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4088:
4075:
4062:
4049:
4034:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Archaeornithes
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3891:Protopelicanus
3887:
3880:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3855:Osteodontornis
3851:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:Dromornithidae
3748:
3741:
3732:
3730:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3686:
3684:Dromornithidae
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3659:Perplexicervix
3652:
3641:
3635:
3632:Incertae sedis
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3611:Pangalliformes
3604:
3602:
3600:Pangalliformes
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3369:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3246:
3244:Hesperornithes
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3216:
3214:Ichthyornithes
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3079:Similiyanornis
3075:
3067:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2918:Ambiortiformes
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2836:Zhongjianornis
2829:
2819:
2809:
2798:
2788:
2778:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2738:
2728:
2725:Jianchangornis
2718:
2708:
2698:
2688:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2637:
2627:
2617:
2607:
2597:
2586:
2576:
2571:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:Enantiornithes
2469:
2467:
2465:Enantiornithes
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2423:
2421:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2391:Confuciusornis
2387:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2354:Omnivoropteryx
2349:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2234:
2223:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2181:
2171:
2161:
2150:
2139:
2128:
2118:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1852:Pneumatoraptor
1845:
1834:
1823:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1649:Neimongosaurus
1645:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1408:Trierarchuncus
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1304:Bonapartenykus
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1246:
1243:Shishugounykus
1239:
1232:
1225:
1222:Bonapartenykus
1218:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1163:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1010:
1004:
994:
993:
989:
988:
979:
970:
961:
955:
946:
939:
938:
933:
931:
930:
923:
916:
908:
902:
901:
888:
887:
873:
844:(3): 287–308.
820:
769:
733:
726:
703:
674:(3): 287–308.
631:
590:
556:
555:
553:
550:
515:
514:Classification
512:
481:rectrical bulb
471:
468:
464:rectrical bulb
357:
354:
294:
293:
290:
276:
275:
269:
268:
260:
258:
254:
253:
243:
239:
238:
230:
226:
225:
220:
213:
212:
207:
200:
199:
194:
187:
186:
181:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
130:
129:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4147:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4098:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4002:
3990:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Odontornithes
3967:
3965:
3964:Odontognathae
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:Barawertornis
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3588:Anserimorphae
3585:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3577:Anserimorphae
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3533:
3532:Palaeognathae
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3521:Palaeognathae
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3492:
3487:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3359:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3200:Tingmiatornis
3194:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:Antarcticavis
3113:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3063:Yanornithidae
3057:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3033:Songlingornis
3030:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:Longicrusavis
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:Hongshanornis
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:Mengciusornis
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2850:Schizoouridae
2844:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2634:Changzuiornis
2628:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:Brevidentavis
2608:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:Cretaaviculus
2151:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:Archaeopteryx
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:Yixianosaurus
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1958:Fujianvenator
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:Epidexipteryx
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:Beipiaosaurus
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:Heptasteornis
1316:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1297:Alvarezsaurus
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:Achillesaurus
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1200:Achillesaurus
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
987:
983:
980:
978:
974:
971:
969:
965:
962:
960:
956:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
936:
929:
924:
922:
917:
915:
910:
909:
906:
899:
892:
891:
884:
877:
874:
869:
865:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
833:
824:
821:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
773:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
737:
734:
729:
723:
719:
712:
710:
708:
704:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
663:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
632:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
591:
587:
580:
573:
572:
564:
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
528:
527:Songlingornis
523:
522:
513:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:scleral rings
496:
494:
490:
484:
482:
477:
469:
467:
465:
461:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
423:
417:
415:
409:
406:
402:
401:
400:Songlingornis
396:
395:
390:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:type specimen
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
301:
288:
286:
277:
274:
273:Binomial name
270:
266:
265:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
244:
241:
240:
237:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
131:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
4120:Euornitheans
4013:
3979:Unenlagiidae
3904:
3897:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3841:Odontopteryx
3839:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3667:
3657:
3647:
3630:
3568:Galloanserae
3555:
3442:Lamarqueavis
3440:
3435:Cimolopteryx
3433:
3426:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3374:Australornis
3372:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3297:
3292:Pasquiaornis
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3228:
3221:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3117:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3031:
3025:Piscivoravis
3023:
3015:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2940:
2932:
2925:
2904:Patagopteryx
2902:
2894:
2887:
2864:
2857:
2834:
2824:
2816:Xinghaiornis
2814:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2773:
2765:Khinganornis
2763:
2753:
2743:
2735:Jiuquanornis
2733:
2723:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2684:Gargantuavis
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2624:Changmaornis
2622:
2612:
2602:
2592:
2531:
2442:Jinguofortis
2440:
2433:
2426:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2359:
2352:
2326:
2295:Neimengornis
2293:
2286:
2280:Jixiangornis
2278:
2271:
2265:Dalianraptor
2263:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2207:
2199:Yandangornis
2197:
2186:
2176:
2166:
2155:
2144:
2134:
2098:Troodontidae
2087:Troodontidae
2044:
2039:Wellnhoferia
2037:
2030:
2022:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1963:
1956:
1951:Eosinopteryx
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1860:
1850:
1841:Palaeopteryx
1839:
1829:
1770:
1696:Pennaraptora
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:Nothronychus
1654:
1647:
1640:
1635:Erlikosaurus
1633:
1628:Erliansaurus
1626:
1608:Suzhousaurus
1606:
1601:Martharaptor
1599:
1594:Enigmosaurus
1592:
1585:
1578:
1554:
1547:
1541:Fukuivenator
1539:
1532:
1526:Eshanosaurus
1524:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1462:Albertonykus
1460:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:Ceratonykini
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1380:Nemegtonykus
1378:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1280:
1256:
1250:Tugulusaurus
1248:
1241:
1234:
1229:Haplocheirus
1227:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1168:
1160:Migmanychion
1158:
1147:
1138:Fukuivenator
1136:
1125:
981:
972:
963:
882:
876:
841:
837:
831:
823:
782:
778:
772:
747:
743:
736:
717:
671:
667:
661:
610:(13): 1709.
607:
603:
593:
585:
570:
543:
535:
525:
519:
517:
503:
497:
493:Julia Clarke
488:
485:
480:
475:
473:
463:
450:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
418:
413:
410:
404:
398:
392:
388:
383:
382:
365:
359:
345:
340:
339:
307:bird") is a
299:
298:
297:
284:
279:
263:
262:
249:
248:
216:
203:
190:
177:
24:
18:
4044:Yixianornis
4038:Wikispecies
4014:Yixianornis
3876:Proceriavis
3848:Odontoptila
3804:Gigantornis
3714:Ilbandornis
3649:Asteriornis
3390:Neogaeornis
3340:Hesperornis
3271:Chupkaornis
3223:Ichthyornis
3048:Yixianornis
2994:Tianyuornis
2942:Palintropus
2889:Alamitornis
2775:Meemannavis
2745:Juehuaornis
2664:Eogranivora
2604:Bellulornis
2428:Chongmingia
2178:Overoraptor
2168:Fukuipteryx
1831:Imperobator
1670:Segnosaurus
1435:Ceratonykus
1394:Parvicursor
1365:Khulsanurus
1358:Jaculinykus
1326:Patagonykus
1236:Patagonykus
1170:Yaverlandia
1110:Maniraptora
1097:Maniraptora
1056:Maniraptora
935:Maniraptora
545:Shanweiniao
536:Yixianornis
504:Yixianornis
489:Yixianornis
476:Yixianornis
451:Yixianornis
440:Yixianornis
432:Yixianornis
428:Yixianornis
414:Yixianornis
405:Yixianornis
389:Yixianornis
384:Yixianornis
374:Jehol group
366:Yixianornis
356:Description
300:Yixianornis
250:Yixianornis
25:Yixianornis
4114:Categories
3947:See also:
3869:Pelagornis
3737:Brontornis
3544:Neognathae
3463:see below↓
3428:Ceramornis
3398:Polarornis
3365:Vegaviidae
3333:Fumicollis
3299:Potamornis
3285:Judinornis
3278:Enaliornis
3102:Ornithurae
3072:Abitusavis
2866:Schizooura
2826:Yumenornis
2785:Platanavis
2755:Kaririavis
2705:Horezmavis
2644:Chaoyangia
2573:Euornithes
2560:Euornithes
2497:see below↓
2488:Euornithes
2435:Cratonavis
2311:Pygostylia
2288:Kompsornis
2273:Jeholornis
2209:Zhongornis
2136:Alcmonavis
2024:Alcmonavis
1994:Xiaotingia
1987:Serikornis
1930:Anchiornis
1886:Ambopteryx
1740:see below↓
1580:Alxasaurus
1469:Linhenykus
1453:Mononykini
1442:Xixianykus
1401:Qiupanykus
1387:Ondogurvel
1351:Dzharaonyx
1312:Bradycneme
1290:Alnashetri
1065:see below↓
968:Dinosauria
552:References
378:ornithuran
316:Cretaceous
303:(meaning "
197:Saurischia
184:Dinosauria
3974:Sauriurae
3954:Carinatae
3790:Cyphornis
3776:Aequornis
3745:Gastornis
3707:Genyornis
3700:Dromornis
3257:Baptornis
3190:Limenavis
3170:Iaceornis
3160:Guildavis
3150:Gallornis
3140:Cerebavis
3130:Apatornis
2934:Apsaravis
2927:Ambiortus
2896:Kuszholia
2361:Sapeornis
2188:Rahonavis
1980:Pedopenna
1862:Rahonavis
1534:Falcarius
1476:Mononykus
1428:Albinykus
1258:Xiyunykus
1127:Elopteryx
1044:Theropoda
1029:Theropoda
977:Theropoda
951:Kingdom:
764:1476-4687
540:pygostyle
460:pygostyle
257:Species:
210:Theropoda
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
36:120
4071:52571607
4023:Wikidata
3989:Category
3797:Dasornis
3669:Qinornis
3326:Canadaga
3264:Brodavis
3086:Yanornis
3040:Yanornis
3017:Hollanda
2715:Iteravis
2695:Hollanda
2654:Dingavis
2405:Yangavis
2329:Proornis
1973:Ostromia
1937:Aurornis
1483:Shuvuuia
1215:Bannykus
959:Chordata
957:Phylum:
953:Animalia
868:16533313
815:33253407
807:21493820
698:16533313
579:Archived
530:forms a
521:Yanornis
394:Yanornis
324:Chaoyang
229:Family:
171:Chordata
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
4084:4849268
4053:Avibase
4029:Q310304
3811:Laornis
3557:Neoaves
3405:Vegavis
3230:Janavis
2805:Wyleyia
2115:Avialae
1944:Caihong
1810:Paraves
1797:Paraves
1731:Paraves
859:2100246
787:Bibcode
779:Science
689:2100246
612:Bibcode
508:diurnal
444:humerus
436:furcula
346:grabaui
336:species
282:†
261:†
242:Genus:
223:Avialae
105:↓
4097:119338
3382:Maaqwi
3180:Kookne
2795:Vorona
2674:Gansus
2146:Balaur
1149:Kakuru
866:
856:
813:
805:
762:
744:Nature
724:
696:
686:
422:hallux
332:Aptian
1207:Aorun
982:Clade
973:Clade
964:Clade
811:S2CID
582:(PDF)
575:(PDF)
532:clade
438:) of
312:genus
217:Clade
204:Clade
191:Clade
178:Clade
4079:GBIF
3833:Manu
3609:see
3586:see
3530:see
2474:see
2096:see
2070:see
1717:see
1042:see
1015:see
864:PMID
803:PMID
760:ISSN
722:ISBN
694:PMID
462:and
397:and
360:The
309:bird
44:PreꞒ
4066:EoL
1372:Kol
854:PMC
846:doi
842:208
795:doi
783:332
752:doi
748:621
684:PMC
676:doi
672:208
620:doi
502:of
446:).
322:at
4116::
4094::
4081::
4068::
4055::
4040::
4025::
1907:Yi
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966::
862:.
852:.
840:.
836:.
809:.
801:.
793:.
781:.
758:.
746:.
706:^
692:.
682:.
670:.
666:.
634:^
618:.
608:31
606:.
602:.
577:.
560:^
458:a
338:,
219::
206::
193::
180::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
3894:?
3879:?
3836:?
3814:?
3764:†
3755:?
3740:?
3725:†
3681:†
3672:?
3665:†
3655:†
3645:†
3445:?
3416:†
3393:?
3385:?
3377:?
3362:†
3241:†
3211:†
3196:†
3186:†
3176:†
3166:†
3156:†
3146:†
3136:†
3126:†
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3115:†
3060:†
3051:?
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3028:?
3020:?
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2954:†
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2937:?
2915:†
2899:?
2877:†
2847:†
2832:†
2822:†
2812:†
2808:?
2801:†
2791:†
2781:†
2771:†
2761:†
2751:†
2741:†
2731:†
2721:†
2711:†
2701:†
2691:†
2687:?
2680:†
2670:†
2660:†
2650:†
2640:†
2630:†
2620:†
2610:†
2600:†
2590:†
2462:†
2416:†
2372:†
2346:?
2341:†
2331:"
2327:"
2324:†
2283:?
2268:?
2253:†
2244:?
2237:†
2233:?
2226:†
2222:?
2215:†
2205:†
2195:†
2191:?
2184:†
2174:†
2164:†
2160:?
2153:†
2149:?
2142:†
2132:†
2084:†
2058:†
2049:?
2027:?
2012:†
1968:?
1918:†
1878:?
1873:†
1858:†
1848:†
1844:?
1837:†
1827:†
1705:†
1544:?
1529:?
1510:†
1375:?
1329:?
1307:?
1285:?
1253:?
1210:?
1183:†
1173:?
1166:†
1156:†
1152:?
1145:†
1141:?
1134:†
1130:?
1123:†
927:e
920:t
913:v
870:.
848::
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817:.
797::
789::
766:.
754::
730:.
700:.
678::
664:"
628:.
622::
614::
326:(
246:†
233:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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