841:. Terry was the first woman to hold the position and the first who did not have Cherokee blood. Terry was Choctaw, Chickasaw and Muscogee-Creek, and was the first person of Creek ancestry to head the community. In 2001, she was succeeded by Peggy Dean-Atwood, Choctaw and Chickasaw, a descendant of Archibald Thompson. In 2002, J.C. Thompson was then again chosen as Chairman and remained in that capacity until August 2018. He was succeeded by William Ellis "Billy" Bean. Chairman Bean is the great grandson of
540:
village. Some returned to
Mississippi and others moved to Indian Territory to join the Chickasaw Nation. A third group joined the Caddo at the Brazos Reservation further west, and eventually accompanied the Caddo to a reservation in Indian Territory. A fourth group, led by Woody Jones, chose to remain in East Texas, moving further into the piney woods to avoid detection by Texas military forces.
714:
616:
25:
547:
campaign against Texans. When Lamar's term expired, Sam
Houston was elected to a second term as president. Houston began treaty negotiations with the tribes, culminating in the Treaty of Birds Fort, which was concluded on September 29, 1843. This treaty ended most hostilities in Texas with the tribes
845:
Chief John Ellis Bean, an original enrollee on the
Cherokee Old Settler payment roll. Chairman Bean was removed as Tribal Chairman by action of the Tribal Court for cause on September 2, 2019. He was replaced by Cheryl Giordano of Arp, who is of Choctaw-Chickasaw descent and had previously served as
793:
Many of the Yowani
Choctaw from Texas sought to register on the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes as Citizens by Blood in the Choctaw Nation. Because of their long residence in Texas, the Choctaw Nation officially opposed them and challenged theirs and other registrations. In 1906, 70 members
531:
Several small
Cherokee bands escaped detection and removal. One small band, led by Chicken Trotter, tried to regain some of their lands in 1840. While his petition was pending in the Republic legislature, Chicken Trotter and several other Cherokee were involved in an altercation with three white men
264:
and recognized by the federal government. This would enable them to be eligible for allotments of land, as the United States had decided to allocate the tribal communal land to individual households to encourage their adoption of subsistence farming. A long political struggle ensued between 1898 and
829:
as a band or affiliate of the
Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, although they had been considered so during the earlier part of the 20th century. Cherokee who remained in Texas were no longer recognized formally as part of a tribe or as Native Americans by the Federal Government. In 1972 Judge Foster T.
504:
was established, gaining full independence from Mexico the following month. Elected the first president of the
Republic, Houston continued to negotiate peace with the various Indian tribes. After 1837, the Yowani combined settlements to form a single village on Attoyac Bayou in extreme southeastern
539:
Angry at the death of the three white men, a vigilante group formed in
Nacogdoches. Unable to catch up to Chicken Trotter and his group, the vigilantes attacked the nearby Yowani village, massacring some eleven Choctaw men, women, and children. After the attack, the Yowani Choctaw abandoned their
849:
The
Community is continuing to seek Federal Acknowledgment as an American Indian Tribe. On May 10, 2017, Texas Governor Greg Abbot signed into law 84 SCR 25, recognizing the Mount Tabor Indian Community in Texas. The community adopted a new constitution in August 2017, establishing a three-tier
524:, did not share Houston's respect for the native tribes, and refused to honor Houston's treaties. New settlers to the region often settled or encroached on lands that had been granted to Indian tribes, and some tribes retaliated against them. In the summer of 1839, Lamar ordered the
850:
government made up of the five-member
Executive Committee; a seven-member Tribal Council, and a three-member Tribal Court. There are more than 500 enrolled members, with offices in both Kilgore and Troup, Texas. The Community also supports the Mount Tabor Indian Heritage Center
596:. More Yowani Choctaw, led by Atahobia's grandson Archibald Thompson and Nashoba's grandson Jeremiah Jones, relocated to the Mount Tabor Indian Community before 1850. These were followed by McIntosh Creek Indians, led by brothers William and Thomas Berryhill, also before 1850.
497:. They concluded a treaty at Bowles Village on February 23, 1836, between the Cherokee and Twelve Associated Tribes and the provisional Texas government. This treaty was the first in an attempt to form an inter-tribal community in which the Choctaw were fully involved.
833:
Judge Bean served until retiring from in 1988. He was replaced by J.C. Thompson, who as a descendant of the Thompson-McCoy family was of Cherokee, Choctaw and Chickasaw descent. Thompson held the position for eleven years until Terry Easterly took over in 1999.
305:
Over time, the Yowani band expanded its territory westward to the eastern dividing ridge of Bogue Homa, then northward as far as present-day Pachuta Creek. From this point, their territory ran south to the confluence of the Chickasawhay and Buckatunna rivers.
692:, who was commissioned as a high-ranking officer. During the war, two other Cherokee communities formed in Texas. These were mainly for the protection of Confederate soldiers' families. Besides Rusk County, another Cherokee community formed near present-day
348:, fought both in Europe and North America. In 1800, Spain traded Louisiana back to France. After Napoleon briefly attempted to re-establish control over Saint-Domingue, with visions of empire in North America, he sold the mainland territory in 1803 to the
778:
Final Rolls in the early 20th century, 80% of the Cherokee left Mount Tabor to return north to the Cherokee Nation. Most of the Texas Choctaw stayed in Texas, with a few relocating to the Chickasaw Nation. Only during the period of registration in the
1445:
Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs correspondence between A. C. Tonner, Acting Commissioner for the Dawes Commission, and the Secretary of the Interior, April 29, 1904; ref. Land 25846-1904, Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma
148:. In 1824, after Mexico gained independence, a second group of Yowani received permission to establish villages in Texas. The Yowani gradually abandoned their original Mississippi homelands. By 1850 most Yowani had moved west and lived within the
696:, as well as one in Wood County near Quitman. The Wood County group consisted of both Cherokee and Choctaw. While a few of the Mount Tabor Yowani enlisted with the Cherokee Mounted Rifles, most became part of the Texas 14th Cavalry under
568:
formed following the purchase of 10,000 acres of land in Rusk County by Benjamin Franklin Thompson in the spring of 1844. Acting on behalf of the Cherokee, Thompson was the American husband of Annie Martin, a Cherokee and daughter of
818:, who helped gain registration for their peoples as citizens "by Blood" in the Choctaw Nation. They also helped to keep the Texas community viable. The Cherokee predominated by number in the group and generally led the community.
577:. These Cherokee were joined by those who had been a part of the original Texas Cherokee Nation and removed to Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico. The Mount Tabor community continued to grow after Texas joined the United States in 1845.
233:, some of the Yowani returned to East Texas, where they settled with members of Chicken Trotter's Texas Cherokee, along with Old Settler and Ridge Party Cherokee, and McIntosh Party Creek. These three groups combined to form the
1667:
Texas A&M University-Sons of Dewitt Colony Texas: Texas—Disputed Border and Buffer between New Spain and the United States, Neutral Ground (No Man's Land) between the Sabine and Arroyo Hondo—Attempts to Control Immigration
794:
of the Yowani Choctaw who lived in Texas were stricken from the membership rolls of the Choctaw Nation. William C. Thompson and his cousin John Thurston Thompson, Jr. were among them, and sued to be reinstated. In 1909, the
548:
who had migrated to Texas decades before. Although the Yowani were not a direct party to it, they had several ties to those in attendance. Many of the displaced tribes, including some Yowani Choctaw, formed a new community,
1155:
Letter of April 4, 1905 from Thomas Ryan, First Assistant Secretary Indian Affairs to Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes, Muskogee, Indian Territory, re: William C. Thompson et al. MCR 341, MCR 7124, MCR 581 and MCR
846:
Operations Coordinator on the Executive Committee. She is assisted today by Deputy Chairman Rex Thompson, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee of Troup. The next tribal election is tentatively scheduled for October 2020.
268:
In 1905 the Bureau of Indian Affairs struck all the registered Texas Yowani from the Final Rolls of the Choctaw Nation. Thompson pursued a legal challenge, appealing the government's action ultimately to the
1721:
Cherokee Cavaliers: Forty Years of Cherokee History As Told in the Correspondence of the Ridge-Watie-Boudinot Family, 1939 By Edward Everett Dale and Gaston Litton, University of Oklahoma Press;
528:
to attack Cherokee villages. The Americans eventually drove the Cherokee out of Texas; some went to Indian Territory, where the Cherokee Nation had relocated, and others to northern Mexico.
1755:
Library of the University of Michigan, Department of the Interior, Laws, Decisions and Regulations Affecting the work of the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes 1893-1906 pgs 130-138
543:
Throughout Lamar's term as president, the Republic of Texas conducted a policy of attrition against various groups of Natives, including those under Chicken Trotter. He launched a
1674:
Texas A&M University-Tenoxtitlan, Dream Capital of Texas; by Dr. Malcolm D. McLean, Originally published in "The Southwestern Historical Quarterly" July 1966, Vol. LXX, No. 1
830:
Bean, an original enrollee on the Guion Miller Roll, took over as Chairman of the Texas Cherokees and Associate Bands. Keeler became Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.
356:. It doubled the area of the new nation. Many of the ethnic French residents of Louisiana, and many of the Indian tribes, did not want to be ruled by the United States.
783:
under the Commission, when members registered to be eligible for allotments of communal land, did a number of Choctaw take the opportunities available and move north.
422:, located in the southern part of the province, also attacked them. The Yowani often joined forces with the English-speaking settlers for self-defense against these
536:. The resulting scuffle resulted in the deaths of the three whites. Fearing hostility of other whites, Chicken Trotter led his group to Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico.
1699:
Cherokee Adairs, By Betty Barker and the Adair Reunion Committee; A family history recording the Adair family from Europe to the Cheorkee Nation, 2003, ARC Press
786:
A handful settled in Atoka in the Choctaw Nation. One family moved to Tuskahoma. The majority moved into Pickens County in the Chickasaw Nation near present-day
445:
of the 1830s, when the US forced tribes from the East to west of the Mississippi River, exchanging lands and arranging payments or annuities in some instances.
1683:
Texas Indian Papers 1837, census of tribes in the Republic, attitudes of the Yowani Choctaws and allied Chickasaws of Attoyac Bayou, Nacogdoches District
1823:
1677:
Texas A&M University-Sons of DeWitt Colony Texas: Some difficulties of a Texas Emprsario, Letter from L.R. Kenny to Stephen F. Austin, May 5, 1826
194:
war against the Anglo settlers, using warriors from remnant groups of displaced tribes, primarily Cherokee but including some Yowani Choctaw. General
1190:"Choctaw Re-instatement list," correspondence from the Department of the Interior to the Commissioner of the Five Civilized Tribes, February 20, 1909
429:
By 1832, all but two families had left the traditional Yowani lands in Mississippi to migrate west. Although some settled briefly in what is now
1662:
414:
During the period between 1810 and 1836, many of the relocated tribes, including the Yowani Choctaw, were often subject to attacks from the
1758:
United States Department of the Interior, secretary of the Interior-Choctaw Citizenship Cases, #4 William C. Thompson et al., pgs 151-157
1743:
Asbury Indian Cemetery, Smith County, Texas, Information related to Choctaw and Cherokee descendants buried there, by Paul Ridenour, 2005
1181:
United States Department of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior-Choctaw Citizenship Cases, #4 William C. Thompson et al., pgs 151-157
1710:
The Dawes Commission and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914 By Kent Carter, Published by Ancestry Publishing, 1999,
1726:
1715:
1705:
1654:
1131:
761:
663:
605:
108:
1680:
Texas A&M University-Sons of DeWitt Colony Texas: Letter of Peter Ellis Bean to US President Andrew Jackson September 11, 1835
140:
in 1803, many of the resident Indian tribes wanted to emigrate to less hostile environs. Spain agreed to allow the Yowani and the
1809:
Law Offices of Steven D. Sandven, Texas Choctaw proposed constitution separate from the Texas Cherokees and Associate Bands, 2005
1692:
The Old Mount Tabor Community; Genealogy of Old and New Cherokee Indian Families, (out of print) By George Morrison Bell Sr. 1969
735:
637:
42:
976:, census of tribes in the Republic, attitudes of the Yowani Choctaws and allied Chickasaw of Attoyac Bayou, Nacogdoches District
806:
Throughout the twentieth century, there have been a number strong leaders among the Texas Choctaw community within the overall
1080:
89:
739:
641:
46:
1415:"Some East Texas Native Families: Texas Cherokees and Associate Bands Genealogy Project: Rootsweb Global Search: Familyties"
471:
61:
700:. The war took a heavy toll on the community, as nearly one-quarter of all male residents were dead by the end of the war.
202:
in September 1842. Both Indian and Mexican regulars were involved in the defeat of the Dawson Expedition and the Battle of
681:
592:, to relocate from Indian Territory to Mount Tabor. The community was named by John Adair Bell, a Cherokee signer of the
874:
565:
234:
157:
684:. It had promised the Native American tribes a state of their own if the Confederacy won the war. Many enlisted in the
68:
795:
396:
270:
448:
The Yowani remaining in east Texas joined with other remnant peoples to form a part of what is now recognized as the
317:
indigenous peoples. Over time, the Yowani adopted Caddo customs and the groups became very interlinked by marriage.
265:
1909, as the Choctaw leaders of Indian Territory did not want the long-absent Yowani to receive any of their land.
261:
1584:
302:
colony encountered them. The word in Choctaw is believed to have meant "caterpillar," likely common at that site.
1808:
430:
75:
1762:
296:
The Yowani Choctaw were associated by name with the village where they were living when French traders from the
1828:
859:
724:
626:
985:"Treaty of Bowles Village", Cherokee and Twelve Associated Tribes and the Republic of Texas: February 23, 1836
156:
near present-day Ardmore and Marlow, Oklahoma, and in Rusk and Smith counties in east Texas, as a part of the
1671:
Texas A&M University-The Journal of Lieutenant Colonel Don Manuel Salcedo, March 11, 1810 - June 23, 1810
743:
728:
645:
630:
452:. In Louisiana, they were closely related to the remaining Coushatta, the Louisiana Band of Choctaw and the
403:. In 1824, another group of Yowani, led by Atahobia, petitioned the Mexican government to settle within the
57:
35:
1607:
884:
869:
838:
815:
811:
520:
The Texas Legislature refused to ratify many of Houston's treaties. The second president of the Republic,
249:
1689:
William C. Thompson and the Choctaw-Chickasaw Paper Chase, by Dr. Douglas Hale, Oklahoma State University
1271:
553:
408:
1006:
1246:
864:
697:
593:
482:
453:
222:
168:
1686:
Texas by Terán By Manuel de Mier y Teran, Jack Jackson, John Wheat, Scooter Cheatham, Lynn Marshall
570:
419:
345:
309:
By 1764, a group of Yowani had moved west into Louisiana, where they established contact with the
1414:
677:
506:
353:
289:
The original Yowani village appeared on a 1777 French map near the village of Chiasawhay and the
245:
137:
1565:
Minutes to meeting TCAB September 10, 1988, Kilgore Country Club, Kilgore, Gregg County, Texas,
1288:
1722:
1711:
1701:
1658:
1650:
1428:
1305:"Treaty of Bowles Village, February 23, 1836," Texas State Library and Archives, Austin, Texas
1127:
510:
501:
465:
360:
325:
230:
176:
175:, relations between Indian tribes and English-speaking settlers deteriorated. Under President
172:
141:
913:
82:
994:
787:
775:
685:
478:
438:
434:
290:
257:
253:
241:
226:
164:
153:
149:
1373:
1104:"Treaty of Birds Fort, September 29, 1843", Texas State Library and Archives, Austin, Texas
367:. Other Indian tribes later emigrated to Texas to avoid the Americans; these included some
1761:
Texas Legislature Online "Actions" Senate Recognition of the Mount Tabor Indian Community
1343:
822:
589:
574:
388:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1520:
1850 United States Census, State of Texas, Canton Beat Enumeration District, Smith County
190:
Between 1840 and 1843, elements of the Mexican militia, led by Vicente Cordova, fought a
1747:
1737:
1732:
1496:
1402:
1360:
1326:
1063:
1048:
1033:
1018:
842:
826:
807:
549:
449:
521:
442:
372:
278:
207:
130:
126:
1773:
1317:
Texas Indian Papers, Census of Tribes, Texas State library and Archives, Austin, Texas
1817:
821:
No Choctaw was selected as Chairman of the Executive Committee before 1988. When the
581:
404:
392:
364:
349:
187:
group attacked the Choctaw instead. The survivors split up, with most leaving Texas.
145:
1247:"Coushatta heritage reaches deep into the past of Jefferson Davis Parish, Louisiana"
825:
adopted its 1975 constitution, it excluded the Texas Cherokees and Associate Bands-
321:
298:
203:
1547:
Minutes to meeting TCAB Executive Committee, March 3, 1972, Bartlesville, Oklahoma
1393:, 1966 Pemberton Press, Austin, Texas, Edited by Gifford White, Nacogdoches County
359:
Spain agreed to allow several Indian tribes, including the Yowani Choctaw and the
1783:
1733:
The Handbook of Texas Online: Indians; Republics of Mexico and Texas, George Klos
1630:
1608:"Mount Tabor Indian Heritage Center in Longview, Texas (TX) - NonProfitFacts.com"
1201:
944:
1219:"Texas Indian Papers 1825-1845", Texas State Library and Archives, Austin, Texas
879:
780:
713:
693:
689:
615:
533:
525:
486:
214:
199:
195:
24:
1803:
225:, which brought an end to hostilities, especially for the Cherokee residing at
1649:
By Carolyn Keller Reeves, Published by University Press of Mississippi, 2004,
1403:
Handbook of Texas Online, Indians, Texas and Mexican Republics, by George Klos
1124:
The Dawes Commission and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914
1081:"In Texas, a group claiming to be Cherokee faces questions about authenticity"
494:
273:. It ruled in favor of the Yowani, and these families were included on a 1909
588:
and the Old Settlers of the Cherokee, who had political differences with the
544:
514:
337:
191:
184:
1799:
The Handbook of Texas Online: Mount Tabor Indian Community by Patrick Pynes
248:. In the early 20th century, several members of the Yowani Choctaw, led by
798:
ruled in their favor, saying that the Texas Choctaw should be reinstated.
1742:
585:
490:
415:
376:
368:
180:
256:
in Indian Territory. They wanted to be included in registration for the
1556:
John Starr Bean, Guion Miller Roll: Kilgore, TX, ap # 23615, roll# 4489
513:
noted that 70 Yowani Choctaw lived in this village, along with several
423:
407:. They were given permission to establish several villages east of the
380:
310:
274:
964:
Correspondence Between General Manuel Mier y Terán and Texas 1828-1832
680:
erupted, almost all of the people living at Mount Tabor supported the
552:. Many Yowani continued to live under the authority of Woody Jones in
1752:
Texas-Cherokees vs United States Docket 26, 26 Ind Cl Comm. 78 (1971)
474:
384:
341:
1235:(2 vols., Washington: GPO, 1907, 1910, rpt., New York: Pageant, 1959
810:, which has been recognized as a tribe by the state. These include
433:, by 1850 many of the Yowani had settled with other Choctaw in the
1748:
Handbook of Texas Online: John Martin Thompson, By Thomas D. Isern
400:
314:
218:
1695:
Oklahoma Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume 9, Number 2, 1964
171:
of Texas. Following Texas's independence and the creation of the
1789:
The Handbook of Texas Online: Yowani Indians, Margery H. Krieger
1738:
The Handbook of Texas Online: Yowani Indians, Margery H. Krieger
340:, the territory had been under Spanish control since 1763, when
167:
in 1836, the Yowani were a party to a peace treaty with the new
1698:
1632:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Issue 30, Part 1
1206:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 289–81.
1203:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Issue 30, Part 1
946:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Issue 30, Part 1
707:
609:
18:
1538:
1973 Proposed Constitution of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
1146:, MCR File 341, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Muskogee, Oklahoma
1778:
1635:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 289.
949:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 289.
517:. The census also noted that these people were peaceable.
136:
When this area became part of the United States under the
1167:
William C. Thompson and the Choctaw-Chickasaw Paper Chase
293:, west of what was described at the "Choctaw Capitale."
1079:
Brewer, Graham Lee; Ahtone, Tristan (27 October 2021).
1529:
1850 United States Census, State of Texas, Rusk County
1429:"Tejas > Caddo Voices > 20 Years Without a Home"
320:
In the late 19th century, the American anthropologist
1597:
2017 Constitution of the Mount Tabor Indian Community
1585:"Texas Legislature Online - 85(R) Actions for SCR 25"
837:
Terry was descended from Arthur Thompson, brother of
1794:
The Handbook of Texas Online: Indians by George Klos
1784:
A History of the Caddo Indians By: WILLIAM B. GLOVER
324:
listed the Yowani as one of the 13 divisions of the
493:, to negotiate a treaty with the Indians living in
277:reinstatement list, giving them citizenship in the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
584:in 1844 granted permission to both members of the
365:the neighboring Spanish colonial province of Texas
129:who lived in Texas. Yowani was also the name of a
470:In 1835, English-speaking settlers and some anti-
1779:The Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma (official site)
229:under Chicken Trotter. Following the end of the
1272:"Choctaw Heritage of Louisiana and Mississippi"
1144:William C. Thompson, et al. vs. Choctaw Nation
344:ceded it after defeat by Great Britain in the
1215:
1213:
1177:
1175:
1009:, Texas State Library and Archives Commission
997:, Texas State Library and Archives Commission
688:as part of the Cherokee Mounted Rifles under
8:
1327:Herbert Gambrell, "Mirabeau Bonaparte Lamar"
1313:
1311:
1233:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
960:
958:
956:
1064:Thomas W. Cutrer, "Salado Creek, Battle of"
742:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
644:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1227:
1225:
418:who roamed the western part of Texas. The
336:At the time that the Yowani ventured into
281:and the right to any associated benefits.
1113:1850 United States Census, Canton Beat EU
762:Learn how and when to remove this message
664:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1804:Mt. Tabor Cemetery, Rusk County TxGenWeb
1391:The 1840 Census of the Republic of Texas
1283:
1281:
1019:"Vicente Cordova", by Robert Bruce Blake
907:
905:
441:. This area had been established during
260:Final Rolls as citizens by blood of the
213:For the remnant tribes, peace came when
1574:Sally McCoy 1818 Chickasaw Annuity Roll
1491:
1489:
1169:, Norman, OK: Oklahoma State University
901:
411:and west of the border with Louisiana.
1361:Killough Massacre, by Christopher Long
1049:"Dawson Massacre", by Thomas W. Cutrer
912:Glover, William Bonny (October 1935).
481:to gain independence from Mexico. The
399:from Spain, Mexico assumed control of
1471:, Texas State Archives, Austin, Texas
556:near the border with Trinity County.
7:
1459:, University of Oklahoma Press, 1934
1457:History of the Five Civilized Tribes
740:adding citations to reliable sources
642:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
509:. An 1837 census of Indians in the
179:, the Texas Army drove most of the
918:The Louisiana Historical Quarterly
774:Between 1866 and the close of the
14:
606:Choctaw in the American Civil War
210:troops soon departed from Texas.
1824:Native American history of Texas
1245:Kathy LaCombe-Tell (June 2004).
914:"A History of the Caddo Indians"
712:
614:
23:
1251:Lafayette (LA) Daily Advertiser
221:the next year. He approved the
34:needs additional citations for
1629:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1907).
1497:"Mount Tabor Indian Community"
1289:"TSHA | Texas Revolution"
1200:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1907).
943:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1907).
489:, a man much respected by the
240:Most of the men served in the
198:led the Mexican occupation of
1:
1469:Texas Indian Papers 1835-1845
1126:, Ancestry Publishing 1999,
573:, first Chief Justice of the
995:"Expulsion of the Cherokees"
875:Mount Tabor Indian Community
827:Mount Tabor Indian Community
808:Mount Tabor Indian Community
566:Mount Tabor Indian Community
560:Mount Tabor Indian Community
550:Mount Tabor Indian Community
483:provisional Texas government
450:Mount Tabor Indian Community
235:Mount Tabor Indian Community
217:was elected as President of
158:Mount Tabor Indian Community
1483:by Litton and Dale, page 80
1363:, Handbook of Texas Online,
1231:Frederick Webb Hodge, ed.,
1007:"Indian Relations in Texas"
796:United States Supreme Court
460:Texas Indian Wars 1835–1843
397:Mexican War of Independence
271:United States Supreme Court
252:of Texas, relocated to the
125:were a historical group of
1845:
1647:The Choctaw Before Removal
1433:www.texasbeyondhistory.net
1374:"TSHA | Cherokee War"
1344:"TSHA | Houston, Sam"
603:
463:
1501:Texas Handbook of History
431:Rapides Parish, Louisiana
1331:Handbook of Texas Online
1068:Handbook of Texas Online
1053:Handbook of Texas Online
1038:Handbook of Texas Online
1023:Handbook of Texas Online
974:Texas Indian Papers 1837
860:Charles Collins Thompson
352:as what they called the
1612:www.nonprofitfacts.com
885:William Clyde Thompson
870:Martin Luther Thompson
839:William Clyde Thompson
816:Martin Luther Thompson
812:William Clyde Thompson
477:in Texas launched the
250:William Clyde Thompson
169:provisional government
16:Choctaw group in Texas
604:Further information:
865:John Martin Thompson
736:improve this section
698:John Martin Thompson
638:improve this section
594:Treaty of New Echota
454:Jena Band of Choctaw
223:Treaty of Birds Fort
43:improve this article
1774:Legacy of Los Adaes
1729:, 13:978-0806127217
1134:, 13:978-0916489854
500:In March 1836, the
1481:Cherokee Cavaliers
1378:www.tshaonline.org
1348:www.tshaonline.org
1293:www.tshaonline.org
1165:Dr. Douglas Hale,
678:American Civil War
354:Louisiana Purchase
246:American Civil War
138:Louisiana Purchase
1663:978-1-57806-685-8
772:
771:
764:
674:
673:
666:
511:Republic of Texas
502:Republic of Texas
466:Texas-Indian Wars
405:province of Texas
363:, to relocate to
361:Alabama-Coushatta
326:Caddo Confederacy
231:Texas-Indian Wars
177:Mirabeau B. Lamar
173:Republic of Texas
142:Alabama-Coushatta
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582:James K. Polk
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802:Recent years
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734:Please help
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
880:Stand Watie
843:Mount Tabor
781:Dawes Rolls
690:Stand Watie
682:Confederacy
586:Ridge Party
571:John Martin
534:Nacogdoches
526:Texian Army
507:Rusk County
487:Sam Houston
244:during the
215:Sam Houston
200:San Antonio
196:Adrian Woll
163:During the
144:to move to
1818:Categories
891:References
580:President
495:East Texas
472:Santa Anna
131:preremoval
69:newspapers
1668:1805-1809
723:does not
676:When the
625:does not
600:Civil War
545:guerrilla
515:Chickasaw
338:Louisiana
192:guerrilla
185:vigilante
1085:NBC News
854:See also
752:May 2022
654:May 2022
491:Cherokee
426:tribes.
416:Comanche
389:Kickapoo
377:Seminole
369:Cherokee
181:Cherokee
99:May 2022
1641:Sources
744:removed
729:sources
646:removed
631:sources
475:Tejanos
424:nomadic
381:Shawnee
311:Koasati
285:Village
275:Choctaw
208:Mexican
83:scholar
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1090:28 May
928:28 May
385:Quapaw
342:France
206:. The
123:Yowani
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1506:9 May
1256:9 May
896:Notes
532:near
485:sent
401:Texas
315:Caddo
219:Texas
90:JSTOR
76:books
1723:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1508:2019
1446:City
1258:2019
1156:458.
1128:ISBN
1092:2022
930:2022
814:and
727:any
725:cite
694:Waco
629:any
627:cite
564:The
391:and
313:and
121:The
62:news
924:(4)
738:by
640:by
437:in
152:in
45:by
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97:(
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66:·
39:.
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