517:"Macedonian historiography often refers to the group of young activists who founded in Sofia an association called the ‘Young Macedonian Literary Society’. In 1892, the latter began publishing the review Loza , which promoted certain characteristics of Macedonian dialects. At the same time, the activists, called "Lozars" after the name of their review, "purified" the Bulgarian orthography from some rudiments of the Church Slavonic and brought it closer to Vuk Karadžić's Serbian phonetic script. They expressed likewise a kind of Macedonian patriotism attested already by the first issue of the review: its materials greatly emphasized identification with Macedonia as a genuine ‘fatherland’. (...) In any case, it is hardly surprising that the Lozars demonstrated both Bulgarian and Macedonian loyalty: what is more interesting is namely the fact that their Bulgarian nationalism was somehow harmonized with a Macedonian self-identification that was not only a political one but also demonstrated certain ‘cultural’ contents." We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe, Diana Mishkova, Central European University Press, 2009,
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that the ethnicity of the
Macedonians cannot be other than "Bulgarian". And the identity of these features has long been established and confirmed by selfless science: only the blind and enemies of the Bulgarian future cannot see the all-encompassing unity that fully prevails between the population from Drin River to the Black Sea and from the Danube to the Aegean Sea... If we indifferently and with broken hands stand and watch only how day by day the cultural, moral and material ties between Macedonia and Bulgaria become stronger and stronger; as the young Macedonians under the guidance of Bulgarian teachers become accustomed to be proud of the great deeds of the Bulgarian history and to think of renewing the Bulgarian glory and power, Macedonia will soon become part of the Bulgarian nation and state...
441:"The Young Macedonian Literary Association's Journal, Loza, was also categorical about the Bulgarian character of Macedonia: "A mere comparison of those ethnographic features which characterize the Macedonians (we understand: Macedonian Bulgarians), with those which characterize the free Bulgarians, their juxtaposition with those principles for nationality which we have formulated above, is enough to prove and to convince everybody that the nationality of the Macedonians cannot be anything except Bulgarian." Freedom or Death, The Life of Gotsé Delchev, Mercia MacDermott, The Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, p. 86.
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Just a comparison of those ethnographic features that characterize the
Macedonians (we understand the "Macedonian Bulgarians") with those that characterize the free Bulgarians, their arrangement to those principles of nationality, which we listed above, is enough to show us and convince It is clear
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After a distinct
Bulgarian state was established in 1878, Macedonia remained outside its borders. In the 1880s, the Bulgarian codificators rejected the idea of a Macedono-Bulgarian linguistic compromise and chose eastern Bulgarian dialects as a basis for standard Bulgarian. One purpose of the Young
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newspaper "Svoboda" blamed the organization for lack of loyalty and separatism. The
Society rejected these accusations of linguistic and national separatism, and in a response to "Svoboda" claimed that their "society is far from any separatist thoughts, in which we were accused and to say that the
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held between 1872 and 1875, the Slavic population in the bishoprics of Skopje and Ohrid voted overwhelmingly in favor of joining the new national Church (Skopje by 91%, Ohrid by 97%). At that time a long discussion was held in the
Bulgarian periodicals about the need for a dialectal group (Eastern
424:"Though Loza adhered to the Bulgarian position on the issue of the Macedonian Slavs' ethnicity, it also favored revising the Bulgarian orthography by bringing it closer to the dialects spoken in Macedonia." Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Dimitar Bechev, Scarecrow Press, 2009,
104:(The Vine), which is where their name "Lozari" (Lozars) was derived from. The first issue of the magazine was printed in Sofia in January 1892 and its main article contained the Program Principles of the organization. The association's founders included
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ideal of Young
Macedonian Literary Society is not separatism, but unity of the entire Bulgarian nation". Some scholars identify the journal as an early platform of Macedonian linguistic separatism.
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adhered to the
Bulgarian position on the issue of the Macedonian Slavs' ethnicity, it also favored revising the Bulgarian orthography by bringing it closer to the dialects spoken in Macedonia.
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Bulgarian, Western
Macedonian or compromise) upon which to base the new standard and which dialect that should be. During the 1870s this issue became contentious and sparked fierce debates.
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in their activity. However, the Lozars demonstrated both: Bulgarian and
Macedonian loyalty and combined their Bulgarian nationalism with Macedonian regional and cultural identity.
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287:Ц. Билярски, Из българския възрожденски печат от 70-те години на XIX в. за македонския въпрос, сп. "Македонски преглед", г. XXIII, София, 2009, кн. 4, с. 103–120.
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History of the Sofia
University "St. Kliment Okhridski", Georgi Naumov, Dimitŭr Tsanev, University publishing house "St. Kliment Okhridski", 1988, p. 164; (Bg.)
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265:"Венедиктов Г. К. Болгарский литературный язык эпохи Возрождения. Проблемы нормализации и выбора диалектной основы. Отв. ред. Л. Н. Смирнов. М.: "Наука""
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and opened a Reading Room Club. The group included a number of educators, revolutionaries, and public figures from Macedonia—Evtim Sprostranov,
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Freedom or Death. The Life of Gotsé Delchev, Mercia MacDermott, The Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, pp. 84-86; 115.
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379:"100 years IMORO", prof. Dimitŭr Minchev, prof. Dimitŭr Gotsev, Macedonian scientific institute, 1994, Sofia, p. 37; (Bg.)
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were also involved in the company. These activists went on various paths. Some members went on to become leaders of the
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The Politics of Terror: The Macеdonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903, Duncan M. Perry, Duke University Press, 1988,
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47:. The association was formed as primarily a cultural and educational society. It published a magazine called
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97:
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115:'s government officially banned the organization. In May 1894, after the fall of Stambolov, the
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Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans
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in Sofia revived the Young Macedonian Literary Society. The new group had a newspaper called
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Imagining Macedonia in the Age of Empire: State Policies, Networks and Violence (1878–1912)
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473:"Macedonian Language and Nationalism During the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries"
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Kempgen, Sebastian; Kosta, Peter; Berger, Tilman; Gutschmidt, Karl, eds. (2014).
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was attacked in the Bulgarian press as "separatist." An article in the official
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173:. The members of the Young Macedonian Literary Association self-identified as
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80:. Their articles were of a historical, cultural, and ethnographic nature.
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The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: "The First Congress" Phenomenon
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The Matica and Beyond: Cultural Associations and Nationalism in Europe
92:, Bulgaria, in 1891 as a type of cultural and educational society by
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in 1895. Others later became prominent intellectuals, including
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Die slavischen Sprachen / The Slavic Languages. Halbband 2
131:, Naum Tyufekchiev, Georgi Balaschev, Georgi Belev, etc.
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emigrants. It had the purpose of protecting the various
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Macedonian Literary Society magazine was to defend the
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The Greek national activist from Aromanian background
127:, Thoma Karayovov, Hristo Popkotsev, Dimitar Mirchev,
226:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 1472.
398:The Young Macedonian Literary Association (1892).
500:, Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press,
302:Lajosi, Krisztina; Stynen, Andreas, eds. (2020).
23:The Young Macedonian Literary Society's magazine
169:was considered a "Macedonian compatriot" by the
111:In the middle of 1892, Bulgarian prime minister
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152:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
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162:who became the Prime Minister of Bulgaria.
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573:Defunct organizations based in Bulgaria
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568:Arts organizations established in 1891
37:Young Macedonian Literary Association
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88:The organization was established in
331:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 210.
59:Following the establishment of the
558:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
359:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 162.
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578:Macedonian writers' organizations
33:Young Macedonian Literary Society
270:. 1990. pp. 163–170. (Rus.)
563:1891 establishments in Bulgaria
16:Bulgarian literary association
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498:Macedonia and the Macedonians
327:Denis Š. Ljuljanović (2023).
583:Organizations based in Sofia
156:Supreme Macedonian Committee
406:. Vol. 1. pp. 1–2
306:. BRILL. pp. 151–155.
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553:Modern history of Bulgaria
475:, Victor Friedman, p. 286.
450:"Loza", Issue 1, pp. 91-96
355:Joshua A. Fishman (2011).
134:Later, for a short time,
39:, was founded in 1891 in
459:"Loza", Issue 1, p. 58:
117:Macedonian Youth Society
63:in 1870, as a result of
496:Rossos, Andrew (2008).
84:Foundation and ideology
204:Macedonian nationalism
191:People's Liberal Party
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196:Macedonian historians
175:Macedonian Bulgarians
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202:, saw expression of
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167:Konstantinos Bellios
588:Macedonian Question
98:Macedonian dialects
74:Macedonian dialects
61:Bulgarian Exarchate
144:Ivan Hadzhinikolov
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410:27 November
65:plebiscites
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430:0810862956
400:"Preamble"
274:2020-12-03
252:0822308134
210:References
198:, such as
136:Dame Gruev
94:Macedonian
55:Background
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508:, p. 96.
254:, p. 15.
45:Bulgaria
532:Sources
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171:Lozars
268:(PDF)
90:Sofia
41:Sofia
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412:2020
404:Loza
361:ISBN
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187:Loza
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102:Loza
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31:The
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