2296:
2120:
2308:
187:
2320:
2131:
2247:
42:
413:
PMS stars can be differentiated empirically from main-sequence stars by using stellar spectra to measure their surface gravity. A PMS object has a larger radius than a main-sequence star with the same
361:. Yet more massive stars have no pre-main-sequence stage because they contract too quickly as protostars. By the time they become visible, the hydrogen in their centers is already fusing and they are
2168:
1971:
168:
204:
2003:
605:
576:
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2161:
1978:
1297:
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223:
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377:
316:
2271:
1604:
230:
132:
2154:
1983:
1620:
639:
208:
2030:
1897:
418:
and thus has a lower surface gravity. Although they are optically visible, PMS objects are rare relative to those on the
2013:
1964:
1939:
1232:
237:
161:
1317:
1954:
1934:
327:
of hydrogen). The star continues to contract, its internal temperature rising until it begins hydrogen burning on the
2018:
1949:
1919:
568:
369:
219:
197:
2323:
2025:
1902:
1879:
1461:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
1168:
1042:
677:
117:
1695:
1364:
373:
2351:
2299:
1944:
1494:
1404:
1346:
1272:
843:
769:
154:
2236:
719:
101:
2105:
2085:
1857:
1852:
1645:
1594:
1399:
1389:
1062:
860:
828:
328:
2261:
1959:
1929:
1924:
1914:
1842:
1630:
796:
122:
1077:
2211:
2100:
1998:
1988:
1837:
1805:
1599:
1394:
1379:
692:
504:
458:
331:. This period of contraction is the pre-main sequence stage. An observed PMS object can either be a
76:
939:
244:
2346:
2281:
2191:
1700:
1560:
1543:
1214:
1116:
443:
307:
that grows by acquiring mass from its surrounding envelope of interstellar dust and gas. After the
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56:
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2095:
2056:
2008:
1993:
1907:
1847:
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1640:
1584:
1506:
1197:
833:
632:
520:
494:
427:
137:
2266:
2231:
2046:
1531:
1471:
1444:
1424:
1224:
1008:
996:
823:
803:
757:
739:
707:
601:
572:
543:
453:
349:
312:
127:
96:
1874:
1827:
1777:
1765:
1743:
1738:
1665:
1625:
1572:
1354:
1277:
1252:
1146:
1067:
791:
752:
512:
431:
320:
2196:
2061:
1864:
1733:
1577:
1548:
1489:
1484:
1359:
1087:
1052:
986:
932:
927:
872:
682:
423:
61:
479:
508:
2177:
2123:
1889:
1728:
1555:
1526:
1501:
1434:
1123:
991:
877:
779:
669:
659:
324:
33:
516:
319:. At this point, the star has acquired nearly all of its mass but has not yet started
2340:
2075:
1869:
1832:
1800:
1675:
1384:
1207:
1178:
1156:
774:
747:
724:
625:
419:
407:
396:
388:
362:
300:
524:
2311:
2221:
2135:
1810:
1760:
1755:
1655:
1538:
1521:
1479:
1439:
1374:
1257:
1202:
1183:
1163:
1141:
1133:
976:
969:
808:
729:
712:
415:
392:
332:
91:
2206:
2201:
2051:
1750:
1723:
1715:
1705:
1685:
1660:
1589:
1511:
1267:
1242:
1237:
1151:
1111:
1072:
1037:
1020:
1015:
687:
186:
71:
66:
1635:
1332:
1305:
1282:
1262:
1247:
1099:
1003:
981:
959:
954:
818:
422:, because their contraction lasts for only 1 percent of the time required for
353:
340:
336:
2216:
1822:
1670:
1454:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1369:
1322:
1312:
1106:
1082:
1057:
964:
915:
848:
838:
813:
786:
762:
697:
597:
448:
308:
304:
81:
17:
1815:
1516:
1190:
949:
922:
499:
2090:
1565:
1327:
1094:
1047:
1030:
1025:
944:
311:
blows away this envelope, it is optically visible, and appears on the
2080:
2068:
1287:
1173:
2130:
2146:
1449:
1429:
648:
296:
41:
2150:
621:
27:
Star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence
1795:
180:
426:. During the early portion of the PMS stage, most stars have
617:
2254:
2184:
2039:
1888:
1786:
1714:
1613:
1470:
1345:
1223:
1132:
859:
738:
668:
211:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
563:Derek Ward-Thompson; Anthony P. Whitworth (2011).
538:Neil F. Comins; William J. Kaufmann III (2011).
2162:
633:
399:. Pre-main-sequence stars with less than 0.5
380:, pre-main-sequence stars with more than 0.5
299:in the stage when it has not yet reached the
162:
8:
2169:
2155:
2147:
865:
640:
626:
618:
169:
155:
29:
498:
271:Learn how and when to remove this message
478:Richard B. Larson (10 September 2003).
470:
391:, then leftward and horizontally along
303:. Earlier in its life, the object is a
109:
48:
32:
387:first move vertically downward along
7:
2319:
368:The energy source of PMS objects is
209:adding citations to reliable sources
592:Stahler, S. W.; Palla, F. (2004).
25:
565:An Introduction to Star Formation
395:, until they finally halt at the
2318:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2245:
2129:
2119:
2118:
185:
40:
480:"The physics of star formation"
376:in main-sequence stars. In the
196:needs additional citations for
487:Reports on Progress in Physics
406:contract vertically along the
1:
2031:Timeline of stellar astronomy
410:for their entire evolution.
1691:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
517:10.1088/0034-4885/66/10/r03
378:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
317:Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
2373:
2272:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
1605:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
569:Cambridge University Press
133:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
2290:
2243:
2114:
868:
655:
430:, which are the sites of
370:gravitational contraction
335:, if it has fewer than 2
1984:With multiple exoplanets
540:Discovering the Universe
220:"Pre-main-sequence star"
2357:Pre-main-sequence stars
770:Asymptotic giant branch
285:pre-main-sequence star
2227:Pre-main-sequence star
2106:Tidal disruption event
1595:Circumstellar envelope
829:Luminous blue variable
594:The Formation of Stars
329:zero age main sequence
87:Pre-main-sequence star
2262:Initial mass function
1631:Effective temperature
123:Initial mass function
2255:Theoretical concepts
2212:Young stellar object
2101:Planet-hosting stars
1979:With resolved images
1950:Historical brightest
1880:Photometric-standard
1806:Solar radio emission
1600:Eddington luminosity
1380:Triple-alpha process
1318:Thorne–Żytkow object
693:Young stellar object
459:Young stellar object
205:improve this article
110:Theoretical concepts
77:Young stellar object
2282:Planetary migration
2192:Interstellar medium
1925:Highest temperature
1696:Color–color diagram
1561:Protoplanetary disk
1365:Proton–proton chain
1043:Chemically peculiar
509:2003RPPh...66.1651L
444:Protoplanetary disk
428:circumstellar disks
352:, if it has 2 to 8
143:Planetary migration
57:Interstellar medium
2277:Nebular hypothesis
2237:Herbig–Haro object
1930:Lowest temperature
1681:Photometric system
1651:Absolute magnitude
1585:Circumstellar dust
1198:Stellar black hole
834:Stellar population
720:Herbig–Haro object
138:Nebular hypothesis
102:Herbig–Haro object
2334:
2333:
2267:Jeans instability
2232:Herbig Ae/Be star
2144:
2143:
2047:Substellar object
2026:Planetary nebulae
1445:Luminous red nova
1355:Deuterium burning
1341:
1340:
824:Instability strip
804:Wolf-Rayet nebula
758:Horizontal branch
703:Pre-main-sequence
607:978-3-527-40559-6
578:978-1-107-62746-8
549:978-1-4292-5520-2
493:(10): 1669–1673.
454:Stellar evolution
350:Herbig Ae/Be star
313:stellar birthline
287:(also known as a
281:
280:
273:
255:
179:
178:
128:Jeans instability
97:Herbig Ae/Be star
16:(Redirected from
2364:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2249:
2248:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2136:Stars portal
2134:
2133:
2122:
2121:
1778:Planetary system
1701:Strömgren sphere
1573:Asteroseismology
1294:Black hole star
866:
792:Planetary nebula
753:Red-giant branch
642:
635:
628:
619:
612:
611:
589:
583:
582:
560:
554:
553:
535:
529:
528:
502:
500:astro-ph/0306595
484:
475:
432:planet formation
374:hydrogen burning
372:, as opposed to
321:hydrogen burning
276:
269:
265:
262:
256:
254:
213:
189:
181:
171:
164:
157:
44:
30:
21:
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2363:
2362:
2361:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2286:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2197:Molecular cloud
2180:
2175:
2145:
2140:
2128:
2110:
2035:
2004:Milky Way novae
1940:Smallest volume
1884:
1865:Radial velocity
1788:
1782:
1734:Common envelope
1710:
1609:
1578:Helioseismology
1549:Bipolar outflow
1490:Microturbulence
1485:Convection zone
1466:
1360:Lithium burning
1347:Nucleosynthesis
1337:
1219:
1128:
855:
734:
683:Molecular cloud
664:
651:
646:
616:
615:
608:
591:
590:
586:
579:
571:. p. 119.
562:
561:
557:
550:
542:. p. 350.
537:
536:
532:
482:
477:
476:
472:
467:
440:
424:hydrogen fusion
405:
402:
386:
383:
359:
356:
346:
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277:
266:
260:
257:
214:
212:
202:
190:
175:
62:Molecular cloud
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2370:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2352:Star formation
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2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2185:Object classes
2182:
2181:
2178:Star formation
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
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2016:
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2001:
1996:
1991:
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1981:
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1937:
1935:Largest volume
1932:
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1698:
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1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Magnetic field
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1556:Accretion disk
1553:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1532:Alfvén surface
1529:
1527:Stellar corona
1524:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1502:Radiation zone
1499:
1498:
1497:
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1482:
1476:
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1275:
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1260:
1255:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1124:Blue straggler
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1001:
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989:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
952:
947:
942:
937:
936:
935:
930:
920:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:Main sequence
880:
875:
869:
863:
861:Classification
857:
856:
854:
853:
852:
851:
846:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
800:
799:
797:Protoplanetary
789:
784:
783:
782:
777:
767:
766:
765:
755:
750:
744:
742:
736:
735:
733:
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614:
613:
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584:
577:
555:
548:
530:
469:
468:
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
439:
436:
403:
400:
389:Hayashi tracks
384:
381:
357:
354:
344:
341:
325:nuclear fusion
279:
278:
193:
191:
184:
177:
176:
174:
173:
166:
159:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
112:
111:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
49:Object classes
46:
45:
37:
36:
34:Star formation
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2314:
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2305:
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2302:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Intergalactic
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Galactic year
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Most luminous
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Proper motion
1868:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Constellation
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Solar eclipse
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:Earth-centric
1785:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
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1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
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1692:
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1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
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1385:Alpha process
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1157:Helium planet
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1147:Parker's star
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1078:Lambda Boötis
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844:Superluminous
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748:Main sequence
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725:Hayashi track
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420:main sequence
417:
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408:Hayashi track
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397:main sequence
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393:Henyey tracks
390:
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366:
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363:main-sequence
360:
351:
348:), or else a
347:
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301:main sequence
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225:
222: –
221:
217:
216:Find sources:
210:
206:
200:
199:
194:This article
192:
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38:
35:
31:
19:
2324:
2313:Stars portal
2312:
2300:
2226:
2222:T Tauri star
1999:White dwarfs
1989:Brown dwarfs
1972:Most distant
1920:Most massive
1898:Proper names
1858:Photographic
1811:Solar System
1789:observations
1716:Star systems
1539:Stellar wind
1522:Chromosphere
1495:Oscillations
1375:Helium flash
1225:Hypothetical
1203:X-ray binary
1142:Compact star
977:Bright giant
730:Henyey track
708:Herbig Ae/Be
702:
596:. Weinheim:
593:
587:
564:
558:
539:
533:
490:
486:
473:
416:stellar mass
412:
367:
337:solar masses
333:T Tauri star
292:
288:
284:
282:
267:
258:
248:
241:
234:
227:
215:
203:Please help
198:verification
195:
92:T Tauri star
86:
2207:Dark nebula
2202:Bok globule
2052:Brown dwarf
1828:Circumpolar
1706:Kraft break
1686:Color index
1661:Metallicity
1621:Designation
1590:Cosmic dust
1512:Photosphere
1278:Dark-energy
1253:Electroweak
1238:Black dwarf
1169:Radio-quiet
1152:White dwarf
1038:White dwarf
688:Bok globule
261:August 2014
72:Dark nebula
67:Bok globule
2347:Star types
2341:Categories
2014:Candidates
2009:Supernovae
1994:Red dwarfs
1853:Extinction
1641:Kinematics
1636:Luminosity
1614:Properties
1507:Atmosphere
1405:Si burning
1395:Ne burning
1333:White hole
1306:Quasi-star
1233:Blue dwarf
1088:Technetium
1004:Hypergiant
982:Supergiant
465:References
293:PMS object
231:newspapers
18:Young star
2217:Protostar
1945:Brightest
1843:Magnitude
1823:Pole star
1744:Symbiotic
1739:Eclipsing
1671:Starlight
1472:Structure
1462:Supernova
1455:Micronova
1450:Recurrent
1435:Symbiotic
1420:p-process
1415:r-process
1410:s-process
1400:O burning
1390:C burning
1370:CNO cycle
1313:Gravastar
849:Hypernova
839:Supernova
814:Dredge-up
787:Blue loop
780:super-AGB
763:Red clump
740:Evolution
698:Protostar
678:Accretion
670:Formation
598:Wiley-VCH
449:Protostar
365:objects.
309:protostar
305:protostar
118:Accretion
82:Protostar
2301:Category
2124:Category
2019:Remnants
1915:Extremes
1875:Parallax
1848:Apparent
1838:Asterism
1816:Sunlight
1766:Globular
1751:Multiple
1676:Variable
1666:Rotation
1626:Dynamics
1517:Starspot
1191:Magnetar
1134:Remnants
950:Subgiant
923:Subdwarf
775:post-AGB
525:18104309
438:See also
404:☉
385:☉
358:☉
345:☉
289:PMS star
2325:Commons
2091:Gravity
2040:Related
1960:Nearest
1908:Chinese
1756:Cluster
1729:Contact
1566:Proplyd
1440:Remnant
1328:Blitzar
1302:Hawking
1258:Strange
1208:Burster
1164:Neutron
1117:Extreme
1068:He-weak
713:T Tauri
505:Bibcode
315:in the
295:) is a
245:scholar
2081:Galaxy
2069:Planet
2057:Desert
1965:bright
1903:Arabic
1724:Binary
1544:Bubble
1268:Planck
1243:Exotic
1179:Binary
1174:Pulsar
1112:Helium
1073:Barium
1016:Carbon
1009:Yellow
997:Yellow
970:Yellow
809:PG1159
604:
575:
546:
523:
323:(i.e.
247:
240:
233:
226:
218:
2086:Guest
1890:Lists
1771:Super
1425:Fusor
1298:Black
1283:Quark
1263:Preon
1248:Boson
1184:X-ray
1100:Shell
1053:Ap/Bp
955:Giant
873:Early
819:OH/IR
649:Stars
521:S2CID
495:arXiv
483:(PDF)
252:JSTOR
238:books
1761:Open
1656:Mass
1480:Core
1430:Nova
1323:Iron
1273:Dark
1083:Lead
1063:HgMn
1058:CEMP
987:Blue
960:Blue
878:Late
660:List
602:ISBN
573:ISBN
544:ISBN
297:star
291:and
224:news
2062:Sub
1796:Sun
1215:SGR
992:Red
965:Red
513:doi
207:by
2343::
1095:Be
1048:Am
1031:CH
1026:CN
945:OB
940:WR
600:.
567:.
519:.
511:.
503:.
491:66
489:.
485:.
434:.
283:A
2170:e
2163:t
2156:v
1288:Q
1107:B
1021:S
933:B
928:O
916:M
911:K
906:G
901:F
896:A
891:B
886:O
641:e
634:t
627:v
610:.
581:.
552:.
527:.
515::
507::
497::
401:M
382:M
355:M
342:M
339:(
274:)
268:(
263:)
259:(
249:·
242:·
235:·
228:·
201:.
170:e
163:t
156:v
20:)
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