428:"There has been a good deal of dispute over how to label the work described here. The problem with notions such as 'detached' is that it could still be seen as making the youth centre or traditional youth organization the basic reference point. (These are what the workers are detached from). Furthermore, the titling adds to the stereotypical view of detached workers as 'mavericks' who float free of attachment. The reality of practice is that a central feature of the work is the process of becoming attached - to a neighbourhood, groups of young people, local community members and so on. To this can be added the pretty pointless debate between 'detached' and 'outreach' work. The latter, it is sometimes said, is mainly concerned with bringing people into existing organizations and activities; the former is about 'working with people where they are at'. In reality most 'detached' workers have to use existing organizations, and have a range of activities that people can plug into. Some care is needed around this area...Most detached workers have some sort of office and base (with group rooms etc.) Furthermore their contact making may well be 'off the street' in schools, various commercial leisure environments, and in people's homes".
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514:, the reason for this may be partly due to the similarities in the places where the work is carried out (on the streets, in parks and cafes) and the fact that both models work with the same target groups of young people (those who are disaffected or alienated). Furthermore, the research points out that "There is even some evidence from fieldwork that there can be an occasional overlap in practice between the two modes of work. For these and other reasons, definitions have received less emphasis in the literature than the principles and intentions of each of these modes of work".
458:"Detached youth work is a model of youth work practice, targeted at vulnerable young people, which takes place on young people’s own territory such as streets, cafes, parks and pubs at times that are appropriate to them and on their terms. It begins from where young people are in terms of their values, attitudes, issues and ambitions and is concerned with their personal and social development. It is characterised by purposeful interaction between youth workers and young people and utilises a range of youth and community work methods".
31:
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272:) it is the statutory duty of all local government organisations to provide a youth service in their region. Also for the first time the youth service has national targets that have to be met with regard to the reach (initial contact) with young people, the number of relationships developed with young people and the number of accredited learning programmes achieved through the youth service.
151:
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109:'Youth work' means a planned programme of education designed for the purpose of aiding and enhancing the personal and social development of young persons through their voluntary participation, and which (a) complements their formal, academic, or vocational education and training; and (b) is provided primarily by voluntary youth work organisations."
401:
contact on the streets with those "hard to reach" or "unattached" young people. Detached work is seen as more than trying to encourage young people to utilise existing provision (which is the often used definition of
Outreach work) and is used as a method of delivering informal and social education and is concerned with addressing whatever
420:, and in particular, accounts of the work carried out by the Welfare Council of New York with street gangs in the 1950s became some of the earliest literature available on the subject of street-based work. Street work has, however, always, since its earliest incarnations, had a role to play in youth work.
400:
In its purest form, detached youth work is a form of street-based youth work provision that operates without the use of a centre and takes place where young people "are at" both geographically and developmentally. It is often confused with outreach work because of the similar principles, i.e. making
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A government review of the Youth
Service, set up in November 1958 and chaired by Lady Albemarle, was published in 1960. It argued cogently for specific kinds of provision to be provided by local councils and ushered in a significant building boom of new premises for youth work. Often thought of as a
229:
Youth work often emphasises the need to involve young people in the running of their own services through a process of youth-led youth work. Historically there are a number of different motives for the development of youth work in the UK. First, early youth workers, often from the middle classes,
275:
In 1999 in the UK the main national professional organisations and trades union (CYWU) agreed to join other professional bodies representing informal education practitioners (community workers, community based adult educators, community educators), to create a UK wide
National Training Organisation
423:
However, it is important to note that contributors on the subject, such as those referenced above, e.g. (Kaufman, 2001) & (Smith, 1996.) have discussed the ambiguity surrounding the titling of such forms of work and the regular confusion around which form of work is which and indeed as Smith
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This youth work is carried out from a foundation of religious morals and may be for the purpose of sharing or engendering religious views. In the
Christian church the main purpose of faith-based youth work may be derived from the biblical commandment to "love your neighbour." In many faith-based
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development." Through participative activities and coordinated programs, it seeks to enable young people in "gaining a voice, influence, and place in society in a period of their transition from dependence to independence." By nature and design these activities would be inclusive, educative, and
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Youth workers are people active in the field of youth work. The work includes orientation of young people to the adult world through socialisation, dismantling exclusion, and connecting them with resources needed for growth and development. Hence youth workers would hold different roles and use
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guidelines and methods to monitor, evaluate and create a
National focus for Outreach and Detached Youth Work. Through their research they offered this clear and simple definition for detached work, that is adequate for all those who are unfamiliar with this type of youth work provision,
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This form of youth work is carried out in schools and is provided directly for the pupils, often by an organisation external from the school. It may include lessons, assemblies, after-school clubs, one to one mentoring etc. There may be a link with other non-school youth activities.
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called PAULO (named in honour of the educator Paulo Freire. PAULO was formally approved by the
Government to set the occupational training standards for all people working in this employment sector. In 2002 PAULO formed part of the Lifelong Learning UK Sector Skills Council.
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Youth work is historically said to focus on five areas, including a focus on young people; an emphasis on voluntary participation and relationship; a commitment to association by youth and adults; friendly and informal atmospheres, and; acting with integrity.
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is a community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents. Depending upon the culture and the community, different services and institutions may exist for this purpose. In general, it provides an environment where young people can engage in
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Adding to this debate is the fact that while there exists much support for street-based provision there is few definitions in existence to clearly distinguish the differences (if any) between 'Outreach' and 'Detached' work. That said, the
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of services that exist in their locality and to encourage them to use such services, Outreach can also seek to identify, through consultation with young people, any gaps that exist in services aimed at meeting their needs.As opposed to
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situations the main agenda or purpose of youth work is aligned with the spiritual goals of the religion, or the perceived progress of a young person toward these goals. In
Northern Ireland, 64% of youth work is faith-based.
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Youth development programs seek to identify the needs of young people from a social/educational perspective, and to meet those needs through structured, intentional activities that satisfy those needs. This area includes
567:
different set of skills and resources to attain youth work objectives. Different types of youth work is facilitated through centre-based work, detached work, school-based work, religion based work, etc.
230:
frequently saw working with deserving young people as an expression of their
Christian faith. Secondly there was a concern to instill a middle class set of values in working class youth.
503:, Outreach work takes place when workers who are usually centre based go onto the streets with an agenda of their own to pursue, usually to encourage young people to attend their club.
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fall under this fairly wide category. It is reliant on young people choosing to come to the centre, but in some cases may be linked with outreach or school-based youth work.
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This youth work is carried out at a dedicated premises, which may include facilities such as drop-in coffee bars, sports facilities and advice centres. Most
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As highlighted above there are few definitions available to clearly distinguish the differences between
Outreach and Detached work and according to
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Also referred to as "street work" by some
European, North and South American practitioners, modern detached work appears to have been influenced in
133:
say education, the educative aspect of youth work should be a voluntary pursuit of the youth for it to be a tool of personal and social liberation.
98:. This is primarily a set of loosely affiliated activities that have been defined, redefined, examined, and reinvented in subsequent generations.
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own territory and is a method of work that supports and compliments new and existing centre/project based youth work. Primarily used to inform
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through political engagement. They say youth should be liberated with orientation in critical analysis of local and global influences (
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257:) organisations were founded whose sole aim was to address these issues, the emphasis was always on providing for young people.
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provide community-based activities for young people in a variety of settings throughout local communities, including
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Youth empowerment is the deliberate granting of authority to young people by adults. This may take the form of
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golden age, the period following the Albemarle report was a time of thriving centre-based youth work.
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355:. This includes involving youth as planners, researchers, teachers, evaluators, decision-makers and
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117:"Youth work should aim to engage with society and bring about social change in an unequal society."
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Young clients of a Junior Employment Service created to help youth without any work experience.
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However, critics of this particular definition report need for expansion of the limited view,
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in program or organizational planning, research, design, facilitation or evaluation. This
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in the 19th century, which was the first time that young men left their own homes and
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This early approach to youth work has actually been around since the birth of the
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The Center for Intercultural Dialogue manages several youth centers in Kumanovo,
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approach has been shown to be particularly effective at promoting and sustaining
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empowering, and based on partnership, equality of opportunity, and respecting
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Schemes associated with youth empowerment include programs various types of
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687:"Declaration of Dar es Salaam: 'Liberated Man--the Purpose of Development'"
474:, Danish social worker, writer and host of the social issues radio program
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to migrate to the big towns. The result of this migration was an emergent
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Macaulay, T, 2006 "Faith Based Youth Work in Northern Ireland", Youthnet
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94:"Youth work" is defined as activities that intentionally seek to impact
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Some critics report that youth work should seek youth participation in
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and for its efficacy across cultural, social and other boundaries.
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Detached, street-based and project work with young people.
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Reproduced from the encyclopaedia of informal education
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Youth Work Wales – Resources for youth workers in Wales
486:, outreach is a form of youth work that takes place on
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to carry out a National Development Project to develop
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129:) in their lives and in their communities. Others like
405:are presented to or perceived by the youth worker.
614:"Youth Work in Ireland: The Struggle for Identity"
589:"National Occupational Standards for Youth Work"
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652:Definition, tradition and change in youth work
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179:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
351:throughout organizations, governments and
86:A combination daycare and youth center in
776:"Detached Youth Work Project Guidelines".
199:Learn how and when to remove this message
61:, youth work is "to facilitate personal,
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123:justice, equality, and youth empowerment
105:the Youth Work Act of 2001 states that,
618:Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies
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806:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 4+.
499:, Outreach is seen as an extension to
34:A Ukrainian community youth centre in
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800:Jeffs, Tony; Smith, Mark K. (2010).
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177:adding citations to reliable sources
655:Encyclopedia of Informal Education.
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268:document released in 1998 by the
612:Jenkinson, Hilary (2000-01-01).
416:by early contributions from the
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740:The Prince’s Trust - Scotland,
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478:for teenagers and youngsters
685:Nyerere, Julius K. (1976).
546:community youth development
53:activities. Throughout the
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264:Today (as outlined in the
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27:Community support activity
36:Lidcombe, New South Wales
743:"Thinking on Your Feet".
363:Centre-based youth work
298:nonprofit organizations
290:Community youth workers
266:Transforming Youth Work
675:Government of Ireland.
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445:in 1998 commissioned
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318:Further information:
235:Industrial Revolution
225:History of youth work
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57:, United States, and
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783:on December 20, 2007
671:May 8, 2005, at the
435:http://www.infed.org
285:Community youth work
173:improve this section
51:informal educational
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587:PAULO, NTO (2002).
508:The Princes Trust's
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349:youth participation
328:Community education
302:government agencies
217:Oakland, California
666:Irish Statute Book
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239:cottage industries
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253:(and later
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834:Youth work
828:Categories
787:2008-02-07
760:2007-08-02
724:2007-08-01
571:References
522:See also:
472:Tine Bryld
280:Approaches
46:Youth work
18:Youth Work
638:2009-8642
357:advocates
160:does not
72:diversity
40:Australia
844:Learning
669:Archived
255:Scouting
78:Overview
414:Ireland
353:schools
219:, 1940.
181:removed
166:sources
141:History
103:Ireland
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773:MAYC,
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326:, and
67:social
65:, and
59:Canada
754:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
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808:ISBN
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548:and
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270:DfES
251:YMCA
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162:cite
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