283:” students. Mentoring has shown to have great academic gains for these populations that have higher risk of school failure and dropping out. Although there have been many studies that look at the impact of mentorship and the importance of the length of the mentorship relationship, there has not been many studies that look at the impact of gender in a mentoring relationship. About one third of female mentees’ mentorship was terminated earlier than males. The termination occurred before eleven months; by twelve months an estimated of 46% females had terminated their mentorship. On the other hand, males had an average of two years of mentorship. The research that has been done on gender matching in mentoring relationships has resulted in conflicting findings. For example, in a dissertation study the researcher looked at the impact that a male role model may have on “successful” African American middle school males. The study found that the gender of the role model is not the most important factor, the most important factor was that the role model is someone that has certain qualities such as leadership, accomplishments, work ethic, and creates a caring environment. On the other hand, another study looked at the differences between the mentoring relationships that men and women mentors have with their mentees and found that men and women mentor differently. They found that women mentors give more
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mentor relationships than there is for formal, but the research indicates that benefits exist for both the mentor and mentee. Research is also available that suggests no effect or negative effects from mentoring, especially if the relationship with the adult fails. Formal mentoring has been better studied in the research and, therefore, more findings are available on this topic. In a review of literature, it was suggested that an emphasis in quality of mentoring relationship and programming has been steadily increasing in the research and a shift in outcome measures is apparent, with most studies measuring general youth development as opposed to reductions in particular deviant behaviors. In another review of literature, 10 studies were analyzed and found a moderate positive effect on mentee grades, reduction of substance use, reduction of some delinquent behaviors, but not with youth self-esteem.
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including the academia, business as well as others. Nigerian youth are widely known for their entrepreneurial skills. More than 80% of them, irrespective of gender, are said to have the potential entrepreneurial mentoring as a way of investing in their future. Although informal mentoring has been the original form of most mentoring relationships, formal mentoring in exist in academia, but with a largely male predominance thereby causing a skewed dyad that require training and improvement of the formal training structures available. Barriers to mentoring includes lack of funding, lack of trust, as well as lack of appropriate gender based mentoring especially for young women in mentoring. This is not an exhaustive list, as there is a call for the development of more research into youth mentoring in the
Nigerian context. Also, the May 31st 2018
383:, non-governmental agencies decided there was need to advocate for the youth. The purpose of these organizations is to have an alternative to the formal justice setting, which kept around 30,000 youth per year out of criminal trial. One of the programs, Diversion into Music Education (DIME), has incorporated a mentor base approach through music appreciation. The program does not require any previous music capabilities and focuses on the student, not on the performance. The program is also located in Tampa, Florida, United States and allows for an intercultural exchange of staff members and video between organizations. The mentor's role in this organization is to help youth set and achieve goals and assist in personal growth of the individual. Results from the program have shown positive outcomes on family relationships.
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phase, providing them female professional mentors. Another mentoring program that is starting in rural India implemented by United States researches as well as Indian community members. The purpose was to help with the impoverished youth who do not have access to the same resources as youth in an urban setting. When creating the program, Indian cultural norms and limited resource access were taken into account. The focus of this mentorship program is to develop leadership, academic achievement, and spiritual development while having a community service portion among the youth. According to The
Journal of International Social Work, one-on-one mentorships are not as fitting in rural India as they be elsewhere due to a lack of mentors as well as the desire to building peer relationships.
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relationships" allow for successful intervention with children in difficult or at-risk environments. Mentoring programs for youth are mentioned as having significant benefits such as lower dropout rates in high school and subsequently increased graduation rates, along with an increase of enrollment into and graduation from institutions of higher education. On a day to day basis, youth participating in mentoring relationships demonstrate better attendance with fewer unexcused absences. Students adopt a more positive attitude towards formal classroom learning with more formidable relationships between students, teachers, and parents. Youths also acquire more self-confidence and better behavior at home and school. In turn, this improves their motivation to learn in a given subject area.
237:“close”. This survey used nine factors to benchmark the developing relationships. These factors are “(1) engaging in social activities; (2) engaging in academic activities; (3) number of hours per month spent together; (4) decision-making shared by mentor and mentee; (5) prematch training; (6) postmatch training; (7) mentor screening (only important relationship development in community-based programs); (8) matching; and (9) age of the mentee." The conclusion of this study is that school-based programs are a good compliment to community based mentoring programs, meaning that schools should strive to have a variety of mentoring programs in order to give students the best resources that fit to their needs.
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Sisters in The United States, as well as Mentor Me India in India. This mentoring style is regarded as one of the most widespread social interventions in the U.S., with an estimated 3 million youth were in formal one on one mentoring relationships. The traditional model is structured so that mentors and youth are paired through a formal mechanism and pairings are free to spend time together in a range of different activities and settings as to help build their relationship with one another. Individual mentor relationships or mixed with some group meetings were found to be more effective than solely group mentoring, found in a study in The New
Zealand Journal of Psychology.
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parties. In order to build trust in a one-on-one setting, the approach of the mentor is key. Mentors who prioritize relationship or friendship building tend to be more effective than those who focus largely on goals and reforming their students. Effective mentors are likely to be characterized by having a consistent presence in their mentees’ lives, respect for their mentees’ viewpoints, greater attention for their mentees’ desires or goals, and accountability for maintaining good relations. Less effective mentors typically do not meet with their mentees regularly, attempt to reform or transform their mentees, and overemphasize behavioral or academic changes.
313:- or the AYMN. The AYMN works with interested youth mentoring organisations and practitioners to foster the growth and development of high quality mentoring programs for young people in Australia by providing a national base of collaboration, support, guidance and expertise. It has played a major role in building stronger mentoring practice, and performance in the field. One of the Network’s key achievements includes the creation of the National Youth Mentoring Benchmarks, where over 500 individuals from the mentoring sector contributed to the consultation process and the final product.
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Romani adults to be role models of Romani youth. The program started in 2006, and by 2011, it spread to four other
European countries with 1,400 participants. The program matches professionals in many different fields, such as government officials, professors, musicians, and media figures. These adults meets with groups of youth for two to three hours, twice a month, to influence their future decisions on education and career development. Already the program has found a shift in attitudes toward education and improvement in grades.
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the potential effects due to the small overall magnitude of association. According to some studies, not all mentoring programs are found to have positive effects. In some cases, youth involved in mentoring relationships of short duration or infrequent interactions with their mentors experienced no benefits or were harmed in the form of lower self-esteem. Even studies that demonstrated positive outcomes for youth suggested that benefits from mentoring do not always last for an extended period of time after the
415:, while 85 percent of youth in the program did not use drugs. Since starting in 2005, the program has influenced over 125,000 black youths. The mentoring typically takes place in the community in a group setting to create positive relations amongst the youth. In 2002, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences published a major report examining after-school and other community programs designed to foster positive youth development. The report concluded that very few
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transition out of mentorships and in to higher academics. Mentees are usually overlooked and their potential can be accidentally neglected by inexperienced mentors. This is why professional mentors can offer the best mentorship for mentees in order to get the best out of tutoring sessions. However, mentoring is the most successful when mentoring is built on the shared enthusiasm between mentors and mentees.
222:"Community Based" is another approach to mentoring. In this setting, a mentor meets youth in the community such as at a church, community facility, or by taking the child to community events. Individual vs. community based mentoring may be culturally specific, such as in India where youth are less in need of individual attention and thrive in a group setting, according to
411:. The program provides strong black leaders to empower black youth in America for a better future. At the start of the program, 86 percent of black fourth graders were reading below grade level, and 1,000 black children a day were being arrested. After joining the mentoring movement, 98 percent of participants stayed in school as well as avoided gang activity, and
110:. The overall effects were found to be positive with delinquency as well as with the other outcomes studied. Effects were stronger with the delinquent and aggressive outcomes, while still remaining moderate with the group measuring substance use and academic achievement. This suggests that mentoring programs are especially effective with delinquent behavior.
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419:“have received the kind of comprehensive experimental evaluation necessary to make a firm recommendation about replicating the program in its entirety across the country.” However, the report singled out mentoring programs modeled after the Big Brothers Big Sisters mentoring program as a rare exception, and recommended its widespread replication.
407:, a program for youth from ages 6–18. The organization implements both community-based as well as school-based mentoring, and is typically a one-on-one mentorship. There are also programs that are for specific groups of youth such as The National CARES Mentoring Movement, which was created in the aftermath of
43:"The classic definition of mentoring is of an older experienced guide who is acceptable to the young person and who can help ease the transition to adulthood by a mix of support and challenge. In this sense it is a developmental relationship in which the young person is inducted into the world of adulthood."
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integration, self-sufficiency, and academic competence. Community engagement statistics states that mentees after mentoring programs are 55% more likely to enroll in college, 78% more likely to volunteer regularly, 90% are interested in becoming a mentor, and 130% more likely to hold leadership positions.
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better patience, sense of fulfillment, and increased self-esteem. Successful mentorships promote positive health through the improvement of academic education, positive self-worth, and social acceptance. Likewise, mentorships can decrease high-risk violent behaviors, usage of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.
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There are debates about the effectiveness of youth-mentoring as some claim that child development is influenced by interactions that extend beyond these relationships. Mentoring alone is not sufficient; positive development requires more than a cross-age mentor. The goals of youth mentoring, however,
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Much research has been conducted on youth mentoring with the intent of determining whether or not there are positive benefits for youth and, if so, under what conditions the positive effects are most likely to occur. The evidence is somewhat mixed, however, and studies caution against overestimating
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settings. Mentoring in India can be found in both a one-to-one setting as well as group settings. Mentor Me India is a specific program within urban India and is a program that executes one-to-one mentoring within the community. These mentorships have a focus on girls for aged 10 to 12 for the pilot
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Youth mentoring also addresses the issue of workforce shortages since it utilizes paraprofessionals for child services where the need is high but the resources are limited. Beginning in 2019, a new form of training—Just-In-Time
Training—was proposed to help address shortages in child services. These
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Statistics prove that school-based mentoring will increase academic student involvement. The school-based approach revealed improvement in the classroom and socially. Mentors are matched with a student and they work one on one with the student throughout the school year. Focusing on schoolwork, the
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which is located in eleven countries including
Ireland, the United States, Israel, and Bulgaria. As of 2005, there was an estimated 870,000 adults mentoring youth in a school-based program throughout The United States alone. An estimated 70% of all formal mentoring programs in the United States are
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Literature that looks at the effects of cross-age peer mentoring suggests that while these programs may not always be effective, they have been correlated with "improvements on academic self-esteem and connectedness." Published literature also indicates that "formal community-based youth mentoring
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with young people who need or want a caring, responsible adult in their lives. Adult mentors are usually unrelated to the child or teen and work as volunteers through a community-, school-, or church-based social service program. The goal of youth mentoring programs is to improve the well-being of
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across Europe, and they account for one of Europe's most vulnerable populations. Within the Romani population, there is a lack of education amongst youth accompanied by large numbers of illiteracy. Because of this trend, there was the creation of The Roma Mentor
Project, which provides successful
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mentoring, where as male mentors give more career mentoring. Yet another study found that natural male mentors had a significant impact on
African American youth in regards to their future economic benefits. The study found that African American fatherless youth benefited the most when they had a
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Small group mentoring can be beneficial in places where there is a shortage of mentors, or youth are able to learn collectively in a group setting. This works with career oriented mentoring, when the focus is to encourage future success of the individual by bringing in successful professionals as
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The progress of mentees is enhanced when mentors place attention to cultural, sporting, and extra-curricular actives, not only to academics. Working on these factors of a student’s life can improve their self-esteem, mental health, and create new relationships, and this in turn helps the students
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Individual mentoring, or a one on one setting is where there is one mentor who repeatedly meets with the same mentee for the duration of their program. These partnerships can be found in both community and school-based programs. One on one mentoring is seen in programs such as Big
Brothers, Big
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One prevalent method is referred to as the "School-Based" approach. Oftentimes, teachers refer students to participate in a mentoring relationship due to behavioral problems or difficulties with schoolwork. The mentor meets with the youth in an academic setting and facilitates school work while
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Youth mentoring draws on positive theories of "development-clinical psychology." These theories see the value of relationships characterized by communication, support, and trust, which shapes the character development of children. For teachers, mentoring means enhanced skills in supervision and
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These studies suggest that, although research is conflicting, there is typically an overall positive effect as a result of a mentoring relationship. This positive effect is more likely with the use of established best practices and within the population of youth classified as delinquent or "at
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In the research, there is a distinction between a naturally occurring adult-youth relationship (referred to as informal mentoring) and a structured adult-youth relationship where the mentor is assigned or matched (referred to as formal mentoring). There is less research available for informal
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The most effective and successful mentoring relationships are defined by the development of trust between the mentor and the student. Studies examining such relationships show that trust is the most critical factor in determining whether the relationship will be perceived as satisfying by both
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A survey questioning 1,101 mentors through 98 mentoring programs found that school-based mentoring programs had fewer contact hours than community-based mentoring programs. Community-based mentors also self-reported to be “very close” to their mentees, while school-based mentors reported to be
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As with mentoring everywhere, informal mentoring predates the formal style of mentoring in
Nigeria. Informal mentoring is how youths are educated and family traditions, instructions and rituals were passed through generations. However the formal mentoring in Nigeria is seen in various sectors
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are non-parent adult mentors who are recruited or volunteer to execute certain tasks after being guided and supervised by a professional service provider. Although the many community-based programs that exist today vary in design and delivery, the majority target skill sets relating to social
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In a meta-analysis of 55 studies on mentoring programs, the overall effectiveness of mentoring as well as the factors relating to variation in mentoring effects were studied. In this study, articles found on popular databases as well as possible search engines (such as Yahoo, etc.) that were
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may be increased with the use of specific strategies and practices, such as providing continual support and structure to the mentor and relationship. It is important to note, however, that this study cannot imply causality and further research is recommended to explore this relationship.
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Australia has a large number of mentoring program operating across the country utilising a number of mentoring practices - in school mentoring, one on one mentoring, e-mentoring are some common example. Australia also has a peak body representing the youth mentoring sector known as the
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risk". Quantitative analysis shows that academic-based mentoring has stronger associations with outcomes than does general youth mentoring. Most research agrees, however, that further research is necessary and that research with more rigorous methods would be beneficial to the field.
74:. Meta-analysis allows a researcher to synthesize several studies and has been said to provide an unbiased, objective, and quantifiable method to test for significant differences in the results found across studies. Two studies utilizing this method are presented below.
86:”. Within this context, such student populations included youth in foster care, academically underachieving youth, youth with incarcerated guardians, youth involved in the juvenile justice system, disabled youth, and youth with children. Further findings indicated that
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published between 1970 and 1998 were selected and evaluated. Findings from this meta-analysis indicated that there was an overall positive, though modest, effect from mentoring. The effect appeared to be especially beneficial for youth classified as “at risk” (see
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student’s interest, and other activities. As a mentor the expectation is to be a positive role model that is supportive and encouraging. This relationship will help motivate the student to be successful in school, reducing school infractions and truancy.
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strategies are proposed to even work “within the context of dynamic mental health services,” as they allow for services, normally directed towards professionals, to be executed just as efficiently by individuals with less official qualifications.
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that can support the child academically, socially and/or personally. This goal can be accomplished through school work, communication, and/or activities. Goals and settings within a mentoring program vary by country because of cultural values.
444:, Strategy for Mentoring Initiative and Leadership Empowerment (S.M.I.L.E) in Lagos as well as We Aspire Youth Mentorship Initiative, a youth based group centered around encouraging males and females alike to engage in peer-based mentoring.
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Blinn-Pike, L. (2007). The benefits associated with youth mentoring relationships. In T.D. Allen & L.T. Eby (Eds.). The blackwell handbook of mentoring: A multiple perspectives approach (pp. 165-188). Malden, MA: Blackwell
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Blinn-Pike, L. (2007) The benefits associated with youth mentoring relationships. In T.D. Allen & L.T. Eby (Eds.). The blackwell handbook of mentoring: A multiple perspectives approach (pp. 165-188). Malden, MA: Blackwell
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has developed an in-school program in which elderly Aboriginal mentors are paired with both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children to raise self-esteem, teach about native cultures, and provide support to youth in school.
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male mentor compared to a female mentor or no mentor at all. Because of these conflicting findings on the impact of gender matching in mentorship relationships, further research needs to be done on this topic.
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mentors. This has found to be a successful approach in The Roma Mentor Project throughout Europe; it is able to build self-confidence, and social skills while also teaching the importance of Romani culture.
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Tolan, P., Henry, D., Schoeny, M., Bass, A. (2008). Mentoring interventions to affect juvenile delinquency and associated problems. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 16. doi: 10.4073/csr.2008.16 Retrieved from
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Youth mentoring takes place around the world, and countries take varying approaches to the concept based on values and needs of that country's youth. There are organizations such as
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Herrera, Carla; Grossmen, Jean; Kauh, Tina; McMaken, Jennifer (January–February 2011). "Mentoring in Schools: An Impact Study of Big Brothers Big Sisters School Based Mentoring".
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l signed to law by President Muhammadu Buhari encourages youth participation in political leadership roles. Several community efforts by non-governmental agencies such as the
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Afolabi, Eyitayo Rufus Ifedayo; Faleye, Bamidele Abiodun; Adeola, Aremu Margaret (2015). "Mentoring among Academic Staff of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria".
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Although informal mentoring relationships exist, formal, high-quality mentoring matches made through local or state mentoring organizations are often the most effective.
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acting as a supportive role-model.They may also play games, do crafts or partake in non-academic activities. This approach is practiced by organizations such as
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Farruggia, Susan; Pat Bullen; Joy Davidson; Ann Dunphy; Frank Solomon; Efeso Collins (2011). "The Effectiveness of Youth Mentoring Programmes in New Zealand".
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Herrera, C.; Grossman, J. B.; Kauh, T. J.; McMaken, J. (2011). "Mentoring in schools: An impact study of big brothers big sisters school-based mentoring".
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In addition, there are several mentor websites that suggest the inclusion of similar best practices with the hopes of created greater outcomes for youth.
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In another meta-analysis, 39 articles published between 1970 and 2005 were analyzed. Articles were required to measure a quantifiable effect on either
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Pryce, Julia; Keller, Thomas E (2012). "An Investigation Of Volunteer-Student Relationship Trajectories Within School-Based Youth Mentoring Programs".
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can be simply to turn obstacles into opportunities, and to provide a safe and structured space for children to discover themselves as they develop.
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Jekielek, Susan M.; Moore, Kristin M.; Hair, Elizabeth C.; Scarupa, Harriet J. (2001). "Mentoring: A Promising Strategy for Youth Development".
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902:; Reddy, R.; Grossman, J. B. (2005). "The protective influence of mentoring on adolescents' substance use: Direct and indirect pathways".
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Pryce, Julia; Goins, Margaret; Reiland, Melissa (January 2011). "The Development of a Youth Mentoring Program in the South of India".
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Joyner, Sonya (2013). "The Impact of Positive Role Models of the Successful African American Male Student's School Performance".
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1736:"Mentoring Relationships, Positive Development, Youth Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Investigation of a Mediational Model"
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Allen, T (2004). "Factors Related to Mentor Reports of Mentoring Functions Provided: Gender and Relational Characteristics".
1447:"Strengthening and Expanding Child Services in Low Resource Communities: The Role of Task-Shifting and Just-in-Time Training"
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Keating, L. M.; Tomishima, M. A.; Foster, S.; Alessandri, M. (2002). "The effects of a mentoring program on at-risk youth".
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Britner, P. A.; Balcazar, F. E.; Blechman, E. A.; Blinn-Pike, L.; Larose, S. (2006). "Mentoring special youth populations".
1259:"Developing and Improving After-School Programs to Enhance Youth's Personal Growth and Adjustment: A Special Issue of AJCP"
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In the meta-analysis listed above, several best practices were found to increase effect sizes in mentoring programs:
985:"Increases in Academic Connectedness and Self-Esteem Among High School Students Who Serve as Cross-Age Peer Mentors"
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Okurame, David E. (2008-08-15). "Mentoring and preferences: a diagnostic survey for equal mentoring opportunity".
226:. Both approaches can be done in a one-on-one or group setting between mentee youth and paraprofessional mentors.
1650:"Enhancing the resilience of children and young people ·In public care by mentoring their talents and interests"
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Johnson, Kellie (2010). "Mentoring At-risk Youth: Improving Academic Achievement in Middle School Students".
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McQuillin, Samuel D.; Lyons, Michael D.; Becker, Kimberly D.; Hart, Mackenzie J.; Cohen, Katie (June 2019).
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Research indicates that the use of specific best practices can be used to improve the mentoring experience.
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1201:"Youth development through mentorship: a Los Angeles school-based mentorship program among Latino children"
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Mentoring School-Age Children: Relationship Development in Community-Based and School-Based Programs
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that have locations worldwide, as well as country specific organizations, such as Mentor Me India.
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Okurame, David E. (2007-07-24). "Perceived mentoring functions: does mentor's gender matter?".
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One method of determining how effective mentoring relationships have become is with the use of
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841:(2006). "Introduction to the special issue: Youth mentoring: Bridging science with practice".
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Eby, Lillian T.; Allen, Tammy D.; Evans, Sarah C.; Ng, Thomas; DuBois, David L. (April 2008).
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Thompson, Lynn (2001). "The impact of mentoring on academic achievement of at-risk youth".
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Sipe, Cynthia L (December 2002). "Mentoring programs for adolescents: a research summary".
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Erdem, Gizem; DuBois, David L.; Larose, Simon; Wit, David De; Lipman, Ellen L. (2016).
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Durlak, Joseph A.; Mahoney, Joseph L.; Bohnert, Amy M.; Parente, Maria E. (June 2010).
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Alvermann, Donna E. (June 2002). "Effective Literacy Instruction for Adolescents".
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1041:"Unpacking Community-Based Youth Mentoring Relationships: An Integrative Review"
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Research shows that youth mentorship relationships have the highest impact for "
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Starting in the 1990s, after high rates of youth incarceration due to
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Mitchell, Martin (Spring 2013). "National CARES Mentoring Movement".
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Herrera, Carla; Sipe, Cynthia L.; McClanahan, Wendy S. (April 2000).
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DuBois, D. L.; Holloway, B. E.; Valentine, J. C.; Cooper, H. (2002).
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Expectations for both frequency of contact and length of relationship
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Gruber, Andrea (Fall 2012). "Reclaiming Roma Students in Hungary".
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Mentoring programs in the south of India have begun to rise in
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Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (2002).
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Woodward, Sheila; Nielsen, Julia; Mathiti, Vuyisile (2008).
1958:"South Africa, The Arts and Youth in Conflict with the Law"
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Female Mentor in Nigeria- Encouraging peer-based counseling
2100:"Promoting Youth Entrepreneurship: The Role of Mentoring"
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The largest mentoring program in the United States is
337:, according to the 2001 census. There are 12 Million
2245:"Mentoring Nigeria's next generation for leadership"
1873:"Who We Are - Big Brothers Big Sister International"
1348:"Aboriginal Elders and Community Members in Schools"
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population is about 1.9% of the total population in
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2066:Community Programs to Promote Youth Development
2031:Community Programs to Promote Youth Development
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2069:. The National Academies Press. p. 307.
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8:
2194:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
1021:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
2005:
2003:
1540:Current Directions in Psychological Science
143:Structured activities for mentors and youth
2168:Journal of Education and Human Development
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1965:International Journal of Community Music
1829:American Journal of Community Psychology
1451:American Journal of Community Psychology
1402:
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1398:
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1263:American Journal of Community Psychology
783:American Journal of Community Psychology
224:The International Journal of Social Work
146:Parent support or involvement components
1099:"Benefits for Young People | Youth.gov"
484:
375:South African youth playing the marimba
2187:
2098:Ibrahim Shittu, Ayodele (2017-05-31).
1440:
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1252:
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540:The Encyclopedia of Informal Education
298:Big Brothers Big Sisters International
37:The Encyclopedia of Informal Education
1877:Big Brothers Big Sister International
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1823:Timpe, Z.; Lunkenheimer, E. (2015).
1352:Government of Saskatchewan Education
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125:Monitoring of program implementation
2272:Mentorship: A Selected Bibliography
405:Big Brothers Big Sisters of America
152:Mentor background in a helping role
134:Both pre-match and ongoing training
1802:10.1023/b:sers.0000011078.48570.25
1690:Children and Youth Services Review
311:Australian Youth Mentoring Network
14:
2133:Equal Opportunities International
1775:ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
1583:New Zealand Journal of Psychology
1552:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00585.x
634:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01559.x
513:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01559.x
128:Screening of prospective mentors
1891:"Our Program - Mentor Me India"
1740:Journal of Community Psychology
1375:Journal of Community Psychology
983:Karcher, Michael (April 2009).
843:Journal of Community Psychology
732:Journal of Community Psychology
989:Professional School Counseling
569:Journal of Vocational Behavior
1:
2012:Reclaiming Children and Youth
1908:Central Intelligence Agency.
1702:10.1016/s0190-7409(01)00134-7
1671:Reclaiming Children and Youth
1619:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00498-6
904:Applied Developmental Science
292:Mentoring programs by country
205:categorized as school-based.
160:Informal vs. formal mentoring
1717:Nonpartisan Education Review
1607:Journal of Adolescent Health
1346:Community Education (2001).
1124:Journal of Literacy Research
536:"Mentoring and young people"
534:Philip, Kate (August 2000).
1205:Journal of Community Health
19:is the process of matching
2322:
2211:Women in Management Review
1146:10.1207/s15548430jlr3402_4
916:10.1207/s1532480xads0901_4
438:"Not Too Young to Run" Bil
2278:February 7, 2017, at the
2223:10.1108/09649420710761473
2145:10.1108/02610150810897282
1912:. Cia.Gov. Archived from
1841:10.1007/s10464-015-9735-x
1409:International Social Work
1275:10.1007/s10464-010-9298-9
1217:10.1007/s10900-013-9762-1
1001:10.5330/PSC.n.2010-12.292
581:10.1016/j.jvb.2007.04.005
140:Support group for mentors
24:the child by providing a
1648:Gilligan, Robie (1998).
1421:10.1177/0020872810372559
474:National Mentoring Month
202:Big Brothers Big Sisters
1354:. Saskatchewan Learning
1307:Johnson, Jeannette L.;
1003:(inactive 2024-07-28).
795:10.1023/a:1014628810714
442:Toni Elumelu Foundation
190:Approaches to mentoring
2184:(inactive 2024-07-28).
2117:10.19088/1968-2017.132
1501:"Community Engagement"
1313:Children & Schools
1058:10.3390/ijerph18115666
711:Cite journal requires
688:10.1037/e317792004-001
432:
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137:Supervision for mentor
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2301:Alternative education
2181:10.15640/jehd.v4n2a19
1987:10.1386/ijcm.1.1.69_0
1176:"My Brother's Keeper"
430:
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2306:Private aid programs
660:Social Policy Report
108:academic achievement
1325:10.1093/cs/30.3.177
1752:10.1002/jcop.21782
1463:10.1002/ajcp.12314
1387:10.1002/jcop.20487
1309:Randolph, Karen A.
865:10.1002/jcop.20121
837:DuBois, David L.;
744:10.1002/jcop.20127
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2084:978-0-309-10590-3
2049:978-0-309-10590-3
1936:"Mentor Me India"
622:Child Development
501:Child Development
464:StudentMentor.org
409:Hurricane Katrina
230:Paraprofessionals
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2018:(1): 30–34.
1941:12 November
1677:(3): 34–36.
1589:(3): 52–70.
1358:17 December
973:Publishing.
939:Adolescence
804:10161/14943
757:Publishing.
397:high-fiving
96:delinquency
88:effect size
62:has ended.
2290:Categories
2255:2019-03-05
1992:19 October
1920:19 October
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