107:
128:
646:
1998:
520:
354:
591:
at the base of the tooth crowns on P are strongly developed but do not meet on the medial side. P, the largest upper tooth, has four accessory denticles on the anterior and posterior cutting edges. P–M form a closed series. P–M have two widely separated roots, accessory denticles on the anterior
629:) replaced their upper and lower deciduous first premolars with permanent teeth. This is very unusual in modern mammals and contrasts to extant toothed whales that only develop a single set of teeth. It might indicate that
712:
of the posterior thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and anterior caudal are slightly elongated. The centra of the cervicals are compressed and the flexibility in the neck is limited by the interlocked lateral processes. The
507:
only in Egypt. It is possible that these non-overlapping distributions indicate differences in habitat preferences. The mounted specimen in the Macon Museum of Arts and
Sciences in
2104:
531:
had a body similar to modern cetaceans with flipper-like forelimbs, rudimentary hind limbs, a vertebral column adapted for oscillatory swimming, and a tail fluke.
684:
in humans) that are slightly expanded anteriorly and tapper off posteriorly, and another pair of slender and elongated bones, the epihyoid and stylohyoid bones.
361:
2168:
2078:
776:
1082:"Endocranial Volume of Mid-Late Eocene Archaeocetes (Order: Cetacea) Revealed by Computed Tomography: Implications for Cetacean Brain Evolution"
2183:
1437:
1374:
2178:
619:
are two-rooted. Outside the upper one-rooted teeth and inside the upper two-rooted teeth there are pits for reception of the lower teeth.
1051:
Köhler, Richard; Fordyce, R. Ewan (1997). "An archaeocete whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Eocene Waihao
Greensand, New Zealand".
1392:
459:
1080:
Marino, Lori; Uhen, Mark D.; Frohlich, Bruno; Aldag, John
Matthew; Blane, Caroline; Bohaska, David; Whitmore Jr., Frank C. (2000).
391:
Carus, 1849), and several vertebrae. In the late 19th century there was a debate whether large and small specimens attributed to
2188:
309:
1081:
676:
apparatus consists of a small, central, and hexagonal basihyoid bone. From this bone project a pair of thyrohyoid bones (
637:
differs from all other dorudontines in the presence of well-developed cuspules on the cingula of the upper premolars.
1301:(January 2001). "New genus of dorudontine archaeocete (Cetacea) from the middle-to-late Eocene of South Carolina".
127:
1430:
1280:
1263:
721:, a small odontoid (tooth-like) process, short and narrow transverse processes, and an elongated neural spine.
546:
847:
741:
550:
2173:
633:
represents a stage in archaeocete evolution where skeletal maturation was delayed like in modern cetaceans.
2018:
687:
The elbow is a hinge joint without rotary movements and the forelimbs are relatively short. The humeri of
1365:
Uhen, Mark D. (2009). "Basilosaurids". In Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.).
2130:
853:
747:
258:
705:
607:
have laterally compressed crowns and accessory denticles on the anterior and posterior cutting edges. P
488:
sp. This is the oldest known
Dorudontinae and the oldest known cetacean from the Southern Hemisphere.
2065:
2001:
1423:
1341:
1219:
588:
541:
to 3,351 kg (7,388 lb) based on an estimated body length of 5.2 metres (17 ft). Using
1209:
1134:
1298:
542:
1181:
1023:
106:
1285:
1158:
1114:
1068:
677:
122:
470:
and referred a posterior cervical vertebra from the same location to it. Uhen 1998 declared it
2135:
2117:
2109:
1561:
1370:
1328:
1235:
1215:
1193:
1032:
1019:
1007:
654:
2145:
2122:
1318:
1310:
1275:
1150:
1104:
1096:
1060:
997:
709:
1400:
708:
is 7 cervicals, 15 thoracics, probably 13 lumbars, 2 sacrals, and at least 21 caudals. The
1598:
1243:
714:
645:
376:
2056:
545:
scans, they estimated the brain weight to 738.2 g (26.04 oz), resulting in an
1914:
1815:
1618:
1314:
889:
718:
666:
662:
480:
described an incomplete skull, four vertebrae, two teeth, and small fragments in early
325:
290:
202:
1154:
984:
Gray, Noel-Marie; Kainec, Kimberly; Madar, Sandra; Tomko, Lucas; Wolfe, Scott (2007).
2162:
1680:
1669:
1641:
1570:
1550:
1527:
1516:
1177:
1162:
681:
64:
1264:"Replacement of Deciduous First Premolars and Dental Eruption in Archaeocete Whales"
371:
for the posterior skull fragment MB Ma.43248, found in the Late Eocene (middle-late
1948:
1923:
1847:
1824:
1723:
1709:
1700:
1655:
1648:
1609:
1577:
1118:
1064:
986:"Sink or swim? Bone density as a mechanism for buoyancy control in early cetaceans"
397:
337:
215:
2091:
2050:
1978:
1930:
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1875:
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1779:
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1758:
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693:
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455:
379:
of
Clarksville, Louisiana. Meanwhile, Muller (1851) erected a new subspecies of
342:
297:
293:
179:
39:
2041:
1415:
519:
353:
1964:
1957:
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49:
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1971:
1800:
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1627:
1509:
1502:
1247:
508:
481:
305:
139:
89:
33:
1011:
318:
304:, 38–34 Ma) of Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi, United States, and the
1186:
Beiträge zur Paläontologie und
Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients
1036:
582:
579:
571:
568:
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44:
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1854:
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189:
94:
69:
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401:
by Uhen 2005) were separate species or not. Hoping to clarify things,
387:, for not only MB Ma.43248 but also MB Ma.43247, TM 8501 (holotype of
1477:
1459:
1002:
985:
458:
in southern
England. This skull, however, was never deposited at the
313:
169:
149:
2012:
1135:"Notice of the Occurrence of Remains of a British Fossil Zeuglodon (
1031:. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. pp. 100–177.
417:
for the small specimens which had previously been synonymized with
341:
under the designation "prehistoric whales", is the state fossil of
673:
644:
596:
518:
499:
is known from southeastern
Atlantic Coast. Outside North America,
352:
2070:
2016:
1419:
549:
value of 0.26 (compared to 0.54 for a modern cetacean such as
484:
sediments in New
Zealand which they tentatively identified as
323:). Specimens reported from Europe are considered Dorudontinae
1393:"Kellogg Illustration Gallery, including 37 illustrations of
1342:"Biogeographic Distribution of Archaeocetes in North America"
1281:
10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0123:rodfpa>2.0.co;2
615:
have accessory denticles on the posterior cutting edges. P
503:
has only been reliably identified in New
Zealand, whereas
454:
based on a skull collected by Dr. Arthur Wanklyn from the
1143:
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London
117:
skeleton, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
922:
534:
1182:"Zeuglodon-Reste aus dem Oberen Mitteleocän des Fajûm"
1346:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
1139:, Seeley) in the Barton Clay of the Hampshire Coast"
910:
2025:
1947:
1913:
1823:
1814:
1699:
1679:
1617:
1608:
1560:
1526:
1492:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
432:for the subspecies. Adopting True's generic name,
758:
756:
669:, resulting in a narrow intertemporal region.
1431:
1228:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
1192:. Wien, Austria: Wilhelm Braumüller: 65–100.
967:
865:
477:
8:
462:and has not been since Seeley described it.
777:"Fossil Whale: State Fossil of Mississippi"
717:has a hypapophysial (ventral) process; the
2013:
1820:
1614:
1438:
1424:
1416:
105:
20:
1322:
1279:
1108:
1001:
362:North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences
943:
892:. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science
890:"Indoor Exhibits Map: Stories in Stone"
835:
823:
734:
463:
433:
402:
447:
413:lectotype) and created the subspecies
653:The skull is elongated with a narrow
495:is known from the Gulf Coast, whilst
289:("Yoke-Root") is an extinct genus of
7:
955:
877:
811:
799:
762:
511:is commonly referred to as "Ziggy".
425:
409:to the large fossils (including the
235:
603:is caniniform with a single root. P
1399:. Smithsonian NMNH. Archived from
1315:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb00979.x
1053:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
576:, the deciduous dental formula is
537:estimated the adult body mass for
14:
1155:10.1144/gsl.jgs.1876.032.01-04.47
849:Basilosauridae: Taxonomic history
649:Fossil in Teylers Museum, Haarlem
592:and posterior cutting edges, and
561:The permanent dental formula for
466:, nevertheless, recombined it as
460:British Museum of Natural History
436:synonymized this subspecies with
1997:
1996:
450:named and described the species
126:
2169:Eocene mammals of North America
697:are more gracile than those of
661:are laterally convex. The high
310:New Zealand geologic time scale
1367:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
1089:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1065:10.1080/02724634.1997.10011004
657:and a flattened forehead; the
1:
2184:Fossil taxa described in 1908
611:is the largest lower tooth. M
440:to form the new combination
277:(Reichenbach in Carus, 1847)
2179:Prehistoric cetacean genera
1025:A review of the Archaeoceti
856:. Retrieved September 2013.
367:Reichenbach (1847) erected
2205:
527:Like other dorundontines,
1992:
1454:
968:Uhen & Gingerich 2001
866:Köhler & Fordyce 1997
478:Köhler & Fordyce 1997
393:Zeuglodon brachyspondylus
381:Zeuglodon brachyspondylus
264:
257:
123:Scientific classification
121:
113:
104:
23:
665:is flanked by two large
415:Z. brachyspondylus minor
385:Z. brachyspondylus minor
1101:10.1023/A:1009417831601
2189:Symbols of Mississippi
1340:Uhen, Mark D. (2006).
1262:Uhen, Mark D. (2000).
1220:"The fossil cetacean,
1133:Seeley, H. G. (1876).
650:
524:
364:
2131:Paleobiology Database
1303:Marine Mammal Science
990:The Anatomical Record
854:Paleobiology Database
750:. Retrieved July 2013
748:Paleobiology Database
648:
551:Cuvier's beaked whale
522:
356:
1299:Gingerich, Philip D.
1268:Journal of Mammalogy
389:Zeuglodon hydrarchus
319:43 to 33.9
438:Basilosaurus kochii
428:proposed the genus
369:Basilosaurus kochii
1397:from Kellogg 1936"
1369:. Academic Press.
946:, pp. 100–101
923:Marino et al. 2000
838:, pp. 174–175
826:, pp. 101–102
775:Johnston, John E.
651:
535:Marino et al. 2000
525:
468:Zygorhiza wanklyni
452:Zeuglodon wanklyni
411:Z. brachyspondylus
407:Z. brachyspondylus
365:
2156:
2155:
2118:Open Tree of Life
2019:Taxon identifiers
2010:
2009:
1988:
1987:
1810:
1809:
1562:Remingtonocetidae
1376:978-0-12-373553-9
925:, pp. 87, 90
706:vertebral formula
349:Taxonomic history
321:million years ago
308:(43–37 Ma on the
282:
281:
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2196:
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2148:
2139:
2138:
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2014:
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1449:genera by family
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1222:Dorudon serratus
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1169:
1149:(1–4): 428–432.
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1125:
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1047:
1045:
1043:
1030:
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1005:
1003:10.1002/ar.20533
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911:Gray et al. 2007
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599:on the enamel. P
586:
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442:Zygorhiza kochii
358:Zygorhiza kochii
333:Zygorhiza kochii
322:
316:of New Zealand (
273:
271:Zygorhiza kochii
269:
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201:
131:
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115:Zygorhiza kochii
109:
99:
36:
29:Temporal range:
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16:Genus of mammals
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1599:Remingtonocetus
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1403:on 10 July 2016
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377:Ocala Limestone
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1386:External links
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1274:(1): 123–133.
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312:) to the late
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1681:Makaracetinae
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1670:Pontobasileus
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1642:Carolinacetus
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1589:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1571:Andrewsiphius
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1551:Himalayacetus
1548:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1528:Ambulocetidae
1525:
1519:
1518:
1517:Ichthyolestes
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
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1363:
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1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1324:2027.42/73005
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
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1233:
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1213:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
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1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:2027.42/44975
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
981:
976:
969:
964:
961:
957:
952:
949:
945:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
913:, p. 639
912:
907:
904:
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885:
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862:
859:
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844:
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837:
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829:
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771:
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764:
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738:
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724:
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491:In the U.S.,
489:
487:
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360:skull at the
359:
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335:, along with
334:
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327:
320:
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311:
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288:
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274:
272:
263:
260:
259:Binomial name
256:
252:
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224:
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96:
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66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
32:43–33.9
26:
22:
19:
2026:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:Pachycetinae
1936:
1929:
1924:Basilosaurus
1922:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1848:Cynthiacetus
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:Dorudontinae
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1724:Crenatocetus
1722:
1715:
1710:Aegyptocetus
1708:
1701:Protocetinae
1688:
1668:
1661:
1656:Natchitochia
1654:
1649:Georgiacetus
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1610:Protocetidae
1597:
1590:
1583:
1578:Attockicetus
1576:
1569:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1484:Artiodactyla
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1394:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1349:
1345:
1306:
1302:
1271:
1267:
1251:. Retrieved
1231:
1227:
1221:
1201:. Retrieved
1189:
1185:
1166:. Retrieved
1146:
1142:
1136:
1122:. Retrieved
1095:(2): 81–94.
1092:
1088:
1056:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1029:(PDF, 46 Mb)
1024:
993:
989:
970:, p. 17
963:
951:
944:Kellogg 1936
918:
906:
894:. Retrieved
884:
873:
861:
848:
843:
836:Kellogg 1936
831:
824:Kellogg 1936
819:
814:, p. 78
807:
802:, p. 67
795:
783:. Retrieved
770:
765:, p. 93
742:
737:
703:
698:
692:
688:
686:
671:
652:
634:
630:
626:
622:
621:
594:anastomosing
562:
560:
538:
533:
528:
526:
504:
500:
496:
492:
490:
485:
476:
472:nomen dubium
471:
467:
464:Kellogg 1936
456:Barton Clays
451:
446:
441:
437:
434:Kellogg 1936
429:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:Stromer 1903
398:nomen dubium
396:
395:(declared a
392:
388:
384:
380:
368:
366:
357:
338:Basilosaurus
336:
332:
331:
324:
291:basilosaurid
285:
284:
283:
270:
265:
249:
248:
229:
228:
216:Dorudontinae
186:Infraorder:
180:Artiodactyla
114:
24:
18:
2092:iNaturalist
2051:Wikispecies
1979:Platyosphys
1931:Basiloterus
1897:Supayacetus
1876:Pontogeneus
1841:Chrysocetus
1834:Ancalecetus
1780:Qaisracetus
1766:Phiomicetus
1759:Peregocetus
1690:Makaracetus
1592:Kutchicetus
1537:Ambulocetus
1494:Pakicetidae
1447:Archaeocete
1407:20 February
1356:20 February
1309:(1): 1–34.
1253:20 February
1234:(4): 5–78.
1203:20 February
1178:Stromer, E.
1168:20 February
1137:Z. wanklyni
1124:20 February
1042:20 February
1020:Kellogg, R.
896:20 February
785:20 February
694:Chrysocetus
659:premaxillae
523:Restoration
448:Seeley 1876
405:restricted
343:Mississippi
298:Late Eocene
294:early whale
209:Subfamily:
2163:Categories
1965:Pachycetus
1958:Antaecetus
1890:Stromerius
1883:Saghacetus
1862:Masracetus
1794:Takracetus
1787:Rodhocetus
1773:Protocetus
1738:Gaviacetus
1731:Dhedacetus
1717:Artiocetus
1663:Pappocetus
1635:Babiacetus
1585:Dalanistes
1544:Gandakasia
1472:Vertebrata
1470:Subphylum
1216:True, F.W.
958:, Abstract
868:, Abstract
725:References
678:homologous
373:Priabonian
302:Priabonian
2057:Zygorhiza
2027:Zygorhiza
1972:Perucetus
1904:Zygorhiza
1801:Togocetus
1752:Maiacetus
1745:Indocetus
1628:Aegicetus
1510:Nalacetus
1503:Pakicetus
1395:Zygorhiza
1333:204061291
1248:19219818M
1240:355813868
1198:811926631
1163:128427420
956:Uhen 2000
878:Uhen 2006
812:True 1908
800:True 1908
763:Uhen 2009
743:Zygohriza
689:Zygorhiza
680:with the
635:Zygorhiza
631:Zygorhiza
623:Zygorhiza
563:Zygorhiza
557:Dentition
539:Zygorhiza
529:Zygorhiza
501:Zygorhiza
493:Zygorhiza
486:Zygorhiza
482:Bartonian
430:Zygorhiza
426:True 1908
306:Bartonian
286:Zygorhiza
243:Species:
236:True 1908
230:Zygorhiza
146:Kingdom:
140:Eukaryota
25:Zygorhiza
2042:Q2087313
2036:Wikidata
2002:Category
1869:Ocucajea
1478:Mammalia
1466:Chordata
1460:Animalia
1458:Kingdom
1218:(1908).
1180:(1903).
1022:(1936).
1012:17516430
641:Skeleton
422:serratus
196:Family:
170:Mammalia
160:Chordata
156:Phylum:
150:Animalia
136:Domain:
2146:4386991
2123:4942604
2110:1057168
2084:4832664
2071:4525667
1938:Eocetus
1855:Dorudon
1464:Phylum
1352:(4): 63
1290:1383133
1224:Gibbes"
1119:3499448
1073:4523838
977:Sources
852:in the
746:in the
699:Dorudon
655:rostrum
627:Dorudon
589:cingula
572:3.1.4.3
569:3.1.4.3
515:Anatomy
505:Dorudon
497:Dorudon
420:Dorudon
268:†
247:†
222:Genus:
190:Cetacea
176:Order:
166:Class:
2143:uBio:
2097:317800
1482:Order
1476:Class
1373:
1331:
1288:
1246:
1238:
1210:Plates
1196:
1161:
1117:
1071:
1037:681376
1035:
1010:
710:centra
597:striae
587:. The
314:Eocene
2136:36872
2105:IRMNG
1286:JSTOR
1159:S2CID
1115:S2CID
1085:(PDF)
1069:JSTOR
780:(PDF)
730:Notes
715:atlas
674:hyoid
625:(and
583:3.1.4
580:3.1.4
509:Macon
2079:GBIF
1409:2017
1371:ISBN
1358:2017
1329:OCLC
1255:2017
1236:OCLC
1205:2017
1194:OCLC
1170:2017
1126:2017
1044:2017
1033:OCLC
1008:PMID
898:2017
787:2017
719:axis
704:The
691:and
672:The
40:PreꞒ
2066:EoL
1319:hdl
1311:doi
1276:doi
1151:doi
1105:hdl
1097:doi
1061:doi
998:doi
994:290
617:2–3
613:1–3
605:2–4
565:is
553:.)
345:.
2165::
2133::
2120::
2107::
2094::
2081::
2068::
2053::
2038::
1350:38
1348:.
1344:.
1327:.
1317:.
1307:17
1305:.
1284:.
1272:81
1270:.
1266:.
1244:OL
1242:.
1232:52
1230:.
1226:.
1190:15
1188:.
1184:.
1157:.
1147:32
1145:.
1141:.
1113:.
1103:.
1091:.
1087:.
1067:.
1057:17
1055:.
1006:.
992:.
988:.
930:^
755:^
701:.
547:EQ
543:CT
474:.
444:.
424:.
383:,
375:)
329:.
90:Pg
34:Ma
1439:e
1432:t
1425:v
1411:.
1379:.
1360:.
1335:.
1321::
1313::
1292:.
1278::
1257:.
1207:.
1172:.
1153::
1128:.
1107::
1099::
1093:7
1075:.
1063::
1046:.
1014:.
1000::
900:.
789:.
609:4
601:1
300:(
226:†
213:†
200:†
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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