256:: the MRNC, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Established on 20 March 1917, the Zagatala District Executive Committee—which possessed practically all power in the region—prevented Georgia from establishing control over the district. On 26 June, taking into account the impassable mountains between the Mountain Republic and the Okrug, the Zaqatala National Council, as "In terms of culture, economy, lifestyle, religion, as well as industry and language, Zagatala is of the same origin with Azerbaijan" on the entry of the Zaqatala district into Azerbaijan as a province. On the same day, according to the official chronology, the Zaqatala governorate of the Azerbaijan was created. On 30 June, Zagatala district became the third governorate of Azerbaijan (after
136:
519:
22:
869:
Simultaneously, Georgia and
Azerbaijan have tried to include Zakatala District … Georgia's attempts were unsuccessful, because the Georgians were less than 20% of the population of the district, and the stake was only on them. Azerbaijan … more successful in their attempts, because the idea appealed
278:
Despite the district's incorporation into
Azerbaijan, the territorial dispute remained unresolved: According to Georgian laws, the Zaqatala district was considered an integral part of Georgia. From 25 October to 2 November 1919, a commission was operating to establish temporary boundaries between the
353:
in the region. In his first address to the population, the new head of the district demanded an end to various kinds of confrontation, maintain calm and warned that with any changes in the socio-political life of
Azerbaijan, the current government will continue to lead the Zaqatala district. During
757:
In the summer of 1918, the
Islamic Caucasian army of Ottoman Turkey occupied Zakatala. Military detachments from the Azerbaijanian Republic were part of this army. It is true that the Mudross Treaty rooted out the presence of Ottomans in the Southern Caucasus, but Sainguilo was not given to the
788:
By autumn of 1918 the
Zakatala district was officially a part of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Having the support of Turkey and the convenience of a shared Islamic religion, the Azerbaijani state heavily enforced anti-Georgian propaganda in the region. With the help of local mullahs, the
341:
border post very easily in
September. During his tenure as governor, he often took leave for various reasons and did not take the necessary steps to protect the province. As a result, he was sacked from the post in January 1920.
337:'s tenure was filled with disturbances and rivalries. Especially there was a tension with Georgian border guards. His successor Mammad bek Shahmaliyev thought that armed conflict was inevitable. Georgian border guards captured
410:
s actual total for the
Zakatal okrug is 92,608 – the discrepancy (90 extra people) is due to the address-calendar's increased number of Georgians (4,664) compared to the original's (4,574), hence the difference of 90.
291:
On
February 17, 1919, the Zaqatala province was judicially subordinated to the Ganja district court. On February 2, 1920, a male teachers' seminary was established in Zaqatala. The "Lezghi regiment", created by the
349:, Bahadur Khan Malachikhanov was appointed as the new governor on January 16, 1920. In his new position, Malachikhanov actively contributed to ending civil strife between Azerbaijanis and
861:
1056:
758:
Democratic
Republic of Georgia. In reality it remained part of Azerbaijan, for after the Turks left the region, the territory was controlled by military detachments from Azerbaijan.
372:
with
Georgia, in which it recognized the former Zakatala District as the territory of Georgia in exchange for the Georgian government's refusal to obstruct the activities of the
1061:
361:, of the more than 2 thousand Armenians that lived in the Zakatal Okrug, only a few hundred remained by 1919, the remainder of whom were being harassed by outlaws.
232:
between 1918 and 1920. The district had an overwhelming Muslim majority forming 92 percent of the population, however, was claimed by the neighbouring republics of
835:
There were sizeable Muslim populations in Kutaisi and Tbilisi provinces, which remained in Georgia, and a minority of Christians in Zakatala okrug, in Azerbaijan.
1046:
961:
According to these descriptions, often verified by American relief personnel, lawless bands were continuing to attack the few hundred Armenians left in Zakatal.
305:
789:
Muslim-Georgian population easily came under Azerbaijani influence, which in turn created the illusion that Zakatala was fully incorporated into Azerbaijan.
1051:
237:
380:, the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia stated that the territory of the district was still controlled by the Azerbaijani Soviet troops.
885:
Territorial issues in the Azerbaijani-Georgian relations (on the basis of the materials of the north-western region of Azerbaijan, early 1917-1930)
848:
1041:
1036:
781:
742:
540:
39:
1013:] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 357–358. Archived from
674:
946:
566:
323:
was created in Baku, representing the interests of the Zaqatala province and the Sunnis in general. The representative of the party
105:
86:
680:
58:
365:
544:
327:
from April 14 to December 22, 1919, was the Minister of Agriculture of Azerbaijan. The party's print organ was the newspaper
233:
229:
146:
43:
65:
135:
72:
529:
373:
548:
533:
32:
54:
388:
According to the Address-Calendar of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1920, the Zaqatala Governorate, recorded as
857:
320:
1004:
369:
257:
580:
358:
334:
272:
264:) with 3,992.54 square kilometres (1,541.53 square miles) of area. The governorate's first governor was a
182:
331:, published in the Azerbaijani language. The region was represented by 8 deputies in the parliament.
221:
402:
324:
297:
283:
of Georgia. The parties came to an agreement to resolve all issues exclusively by peaceful means.
79:
826:
632:
952:
942:
910:
818:
777:
748:
738:
715:
670:
624:
974:
368:. On May 7, 1920, a few days after the Sovietization of Azerbaijan, Soviet Russia signed the
986:
810:
801:
Yilmaz, Harun (2009-06-01). "An Unexpected Peace: Azerbaijani–Georgian Relations, 1918–20".
616:
607:
Yilmaz, Harun (2009-06-01). "An Unexpected Peace: Azerbaijani–Georgian Relations, 1918–20".
393:
346:
293:
261:
164:
300:
on February 22 and was renamed the "Zaqatala regiment". The regiment participated in the
656:
338:
301:
249:
400:), had a population of 92,698. The data was compiled from the 1917 publication of the
1030:
830:
636:
253:
377:
280:
518:
312:
265:
21:
975:"Советизация Закавказья в переписке большевистского руководства, 1920-1922 гг"
814:
752:
703:
620:
316:
822:
719:
704:"Закатальский округ 1917-1921 гг.: между Дагестаном, Грузией и Азербайджаном"
628:
304:, in the Karabakh battles and the Zangezur offensive in November 1919 during
914:
708:კავკასიოლოგიური ძიებანი = Caucasiologic papers = Кавказоведческие разыскания
457:
444:
350:
941:. Vol. 2. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 186–187.
354:
his short term as Governor-General, he prevented several bloody tragedies.
990:
956:
470:
177:
773:
The Democratic Republic of Georgia: Struggle for Independence 1918-1921
431:
883:
268:
771:
1014:
669:(in Russian). Baku: Ministry of Culture and Tourism. p. 125.
345:
The Ahrar reached its zenith when a member of the party – ethnic
589:
Bahadur Khan Malachikhanov — January 16, 1920 – April 28, 1920
512:
296:
at the beginning of 1918 and transferred under the command of
15:
586:
Mammad bek Shahmaliyev — March 16, 1919 – January 16, 1920
658:Адресъ-Календарь Азербайджанской Республики на 1920- й г.
663:
Address-Calendar of the Republic of Azerbaijan for 1920
737:. Tbilisi: Georgian National Museum. pp. 52–53.
228:) was an administrative division of the short-lived
315:in opposition to the rest of Azerbaijan which were
206:
201:
193:
188:
175:
170:
160:
152:
142:
123:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
252:, three states simultaneously claimed the former
770:Daushvili, Aleko; Andro Kacharava (2012-01-01).
376:. Nevertheless, in June 1920, at a meeting with
1057:States and territories disestablished in 1920
735:The Democratic Republic of Georgia, 1918-1921
8:
907:Azärbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyäti ensiklopediyası
311:The main population of the governorate were
547:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
197:3,992.54 km (1,541.53 sq mi)
1062:States and territories established in 1918
415:Nationalities of the Zaqatala Governorate
413:
238:Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus
120:
891:(in Azerbaijani). Aspoliqraf. p. 78.
567:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
599:
200:
187:
169:
159:
151:
141:
132:
118:Place in Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
909:. Bakı: Lider Näşriyyat. p. 459.
937:Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971–1996).
686:from the original on 3 November 2022.
205:
192:
174:
7:
1047:1920 disestablishments in Azerbaijan
900:
898:
867:from the original on 16 April 2022.
697:
695:
693:
650:
648:
646:
545:adding citations to reliable sources
44:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
1052:1918 establishments in Azerbaijan
973:Kvashonkin, Aleksandr V. (1997).
905:Yaqub Mahmudov, ed. (2004–2005).
655:Stavrovskago, A. I., ed. (2011).
1006:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
583:— June 26, 1918 – March 16, 1919
517:
364:Governorate was abolished after
134:
20:
31:needs additional citations for
248:Following the collapse of the
230:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
147:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1:
847:Javakhishvili, Ivane (2011).
366:Soviet takeover of Azerbaijan
279:Zaqatala Governorate and the
1042:Modern history of Azerbaijan
1037:Governorates of the Caucasus
1011:Caucasian calendar for 1917
882:Rahmanzade, Shamil (2008).
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374:Communist Party of Georgia
815:10.1080/09546540902900288
621:10.1080/09546540902900288
397:
133:
927:Rahmanzade (2008), p. 84
858:Tbilisi State University
776:. Artanuji. p. 41.
733:Janeliże, Otʻar (2018).
306:Armenian-Azerbaijani War
127:
939:The Republic of Armenia
702:Хапизов, Ш. М. (2011).
357:According to historian
979:Cahiers du Monde Russe
581:Aliyar bek Hashimbekov
359:Richard G. Hovannisian
335:Aliyar bek Hashimbekov
273:Aliyar bek Hashimbekov
225:
183:Aliyar bek Hashimbekov
55:"Zaqatala Governorate"
991:10.3406/cmr.1997.2487
850:Caucasiologic Papers
803:Revolutionary Russia
609:Revolutionary Russia
541:improve this section
408:Kavkazskiy kalendar'
226:Zaqatala quberniyası
218:Zaqatala Governorate
128:Zaqatala quberniyası
125:Zaqatala Governorate
40:improve this article
1017:on 4 November 2021.
416:
403:Kavkazskiy kalendar
398:Закатальскiй округъ
325:Aslan-bek Kardashev
414:
319:. So in 1918, the
298:Aliaga Shikhlinsky
207: • Total
194: • Total
870:to Islamic unity.
783:978-9941-487-97-2
744:978-9941-8-0096-2
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576:
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505:
390:Zakatalskiy okrug
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24:
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922:
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864:
860:. p. 235.
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606:
605:
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573:
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556:
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538:
522:
511:
406:. However, the
386:
289:
246:
129:
126:
119:
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101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1075:
1073:
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1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
996:
985:(1): 163–194.
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947:
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710:(in Russian).
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676:978995221073-6
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302:Battle of Baku
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2:
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557:November 2022
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526:This section
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370:Moscow Treaty
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254:Zakatal Okrug
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51:Find sources:
45:
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29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1024:
1015:the original
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834:
809:(1): 37–67.
806:
802:
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787:
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765:
756:
734:
728:
711:
707:
662:
657:
615:(1): 37–67.
612:
608:
602:
563:
554:
539:Please help
527:
497:
420:Nationality
407:
401:
389:
387:
384:Demographics
363:
356:
344:
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328:
310:
290:
281:Signakh uezd
277:
247:
217:
215:
156:26 June 1918
102:
93:
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76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
856:. Tbilisi:
321:Ahrar party
258:Elisavetpol
222:Azerbaijani
153:Established
1031:Categories
753:1110424382
594:References
244:Background
202:Population
171:Government
66:newspapers
831:143471218
823:0954-6545
720:1987-877X
637:143471218
629:0954-6545
528:does not
509:Governors
458:Armenians
445:Georgians
351:Armenians
271:known as
96:June 2021
915:62204293
862:Archived
681:Archived
471:Russians
339:Mazımçay
240:(MRNC).
236:and the
178:Governor
165:Zaqatala
714:: 223.
549:removed
534:sources
502:100.00
432:Muslims
423:Number
394:Russian
287:History
234:Georgia
143:Country
80:scholar
957:238471
955:
945:
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751:
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718:
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665:]
635:
627:
498:92,698
494:TOTAL
483:Others
439:91.84
436:85,136
313:Sunnis
210:92,698
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1009:[
889:(PDF)
865:(PDF)
854:(PDF)
827:S2CID
684:(PDF)
667:(PDF)
661:[
633:S2CID
489:0.05
478:0.35
465:2.73
462:2,530
452:5.03
449:4,664
378:Kirov
294:Avars
269:Kumyk
266:Sunni
87:JSTOR
73:books
953:OCLC
943:ISBN
911:OCLC
819:ISSN
778:ISBN
749:OCLC
739:ISBN
716:ISSN
671:ISBN
625:ISSN
532:any
530:cite
347:Avar
317:Shia
262:Baku
260:and
216:The
189:Area
161:Seat
59:news
987:doi
811:doi
617:doi
543:by
475:326
42:by
1033::
983:38
981:.
977:.
959:.
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897:^
833:.
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807:22
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755:.
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692:^
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396::
329:El
308:.
275:.
224::
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84:·
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36:.
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