73:
ZIF glasses are a newly discovered type of material that has been garnering increasing interest in recent years, with around 13 different ZIFs, including ZIF-4, ZIF-62, and ZIF-76, being successfully prepared in their glassy state. In traditional materials science, glasses can be divided into three major families: inorganic, organic, and metallic. The chemical bonds that make up the structure of members of each family are mixed ionic/covalent bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds, respectively. ZIF glasses, on the other hand, are an organic-inorganic coordinated glass discovered only recently, and have a completely different structure than the three traditional glass families. They thus represent a fourth type of glass.
20:
637:— anions and imidazolate-based ligands - or combining two types of linkers to change bond angles or pore size due to limitations in synthesizing methods and production. A large portion of changing linkers included adding functional groups with various polarities and symmetries to the imidazolate ligands to alter the ZIFs carbon dioxide adsorption ability without changing the transitional-metal cations. Compare this to MOFs, which have a much larger degree of variety in the types of their building units.
170:
promised applications achievable. The first intriguing one is that ZIF glass maintains the porous structure as its crystalline form after melt-quench process, which means it can be applied for applications such as gas separation and storage. The glassy form would also offer unique opportunities for easy processability and mass production. Last but not least, besides pure ZIF glass, composites based on it by tuning the composition and structure has the distinct advantage of a broad design space.
86:
disorder of the tetrahedral ligand environment around metal nodes in the ZIF glass was detected for the first time by performing zinc-67 nuclear magnetic resonance. This finding clearly showed that ZIF glasses are structurally very different from the other known glass types, overturning the traditional view that a glass structure has short-range order and long-range disorder, providing a broader view of what qualifies as a glass.
690:
561:
161:
would be significantly broken during the amorphization process. Bennett et al found certain members from MOF family (ZIF-4, etc.) can be made into a glassy state. Those carefully selected ZIF crystals are able to form a glassy solid after heating and cooling in an argon atmosphere. Moreover, the melting range can be tuned by their network topologies.
149:, have also been described to produce high-quality ZIF-8. Chemical vapor deposition is of particular promise due to the high degree of uniformity and aspect ratio control it can offer, and its ability to be integrated into traditional lithographic workflows for functional thin films (e.g. microelectronics). Environmentally-friendly synthesis based on
114:(DMF) is used. The heat applied decomposes the amide solvent to generate amines, which in turn generate the imidazolate from the imidazole species. Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and water have also been explored as alternative solvents for ZIF formation but require bases such as pyridine, TEA, sodium formate, and NaOH. Polymers such as
227:
ZIFs 68, 69, 70, 78, 81, 82, 95, and 100 have been found to have very high uptake capacity, meaning that they can store a lot of carbon dioxide, though their affinity to it is not always strong. Of those, 68, 69, and 70 show high affinities for carbon dioxide, evidenced by their adsorption isotherms,
223:
molecule is about 5.4 Angstroms in length, zeolites with a pore size of 4-5 Angstroms can be well-suited for carbon dioxide capture. However, other factors also need to be considered when determining how effective zeolites will be at carbon dioxide capture. The first is basicity, which can be created
72:
can be synthesized by the melt-quench method, and the first melt-quenched ZIF glass was firstly made and reported by
Bennett et al. back in 2015. ZIFs remain porous even after forming glasses, recent studies have revealed that the linker modification can really modulate the melting behaviour of ZIFs.
61:
linkers. Since the metal-imidazole-metal angle is similar to the 145° Si-O-Si angle in zeolites, ZIFs have zeolite-like topologies. As of 2010, 105 ZIF topologies have been reported in the literature. Due to their robust porosity, resistance to thermal changes, and chemical stability, ZIFs are being
665:
Even in comparison with other materials, the ZIFs most attractive quality is still its hydrophobic properties. When compared to ZIFs in dry conditions, activated carbon was nearly identical with its uptake capacity. However, once the conditions were changed to wet, the activated carbon’s uptake was
640:
Despite these similarities with other MOFs, ZIFs have significant properties that distinguish these structures as uniquely applicable to carbon capture processes. Because ZIFs tend to resemble the crystalline framework of zeolites, their thermal and chemical stability are higher than those of other
626:
hybrids that combine organic and metal frameworks to create hybrid microporous and crystalline structures, they are much more restricted in their structure. Similar to MOFs, most ZIF properties are largely dependent on the properties of the metal clusters, ligands, and synthesis conditions in which
546:
Because ZIF’s are porous, chemically stable, thermally stable, and tunable, they are potentially a platform for drug delivery and controlled drug release. ZIF-8 is very stable in water and aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions but decompose quickly in acidic solutions, indicating a pH sensitivity that
276:
In addition to gas separations, ZIF’s have the potential to separate components of biofuels, specifically, water and ethanol. Of all of the ZIF’s that have been tested, ZIF-8 shows high selectivity. ZIF’s have also shown potential in separating other alcohols, like propanol and butanol, from water.
160:
Using the traditional melt-quench of metals or sintering of ceramics would cause the collapse of MOF structure as its thermal decomposing temperature is lower than its melting temperature. Moreover, the amorphous form of MOF can be achieved through pressurization or heating, but its network feature
85:
One notable discovery regarding the structure of ZIF glass was made by Rasmus et al. Before this research was published, the short-range structural order at the scale of the cation-ligand units remained unknown given the limitations of the analytical techniques available. The short-range structural
294:
reaction between benzaldehyde and malononitrile. ZIF’s have also been shown to work well in oxidation and epoxidation reactions; ZIF-9 has been shown to catalyze the aerobic oxidation of tetralin and the oxidation of many other small molecules. It can also catalyze reactions to produce hydrogen at
469:
ZIF’s are also good candidates for chemical sensors because of their tunable adsorbance properties. ZIF-8 exhibits sensitivity when exposed to the vapor of ethanol and water mixtures, and this response is dependent on the concentration of ethanol in the mixture. Additionally, ZIF’s are attractive
169:
The crystal form of ZIF, or MOF in general, is known for its porosity, but is difficult to mass-produce and incorporate in actual applications due to unavoidable intercrystalline defects. There are several interesting characters about ZIF glasses addressing those challenges to potentially realize
81:
The structure of melt-quenched ZIF glasses maintains a certain amount of short-range order, although the chemical configuration and coordination environments, after melting, lose long-range order completely. From a microscopic view, the linkages between metal nodes and organic ligands (e.g., Zn-N
1065:
Song, Jianbo; Frentzel-Beyme, Louis; Pallach, Roman; Kolodzeiski, Pascal; Koutsiano, Athanasios; Xue, Wenlong; Schmid, Rochus; Henke, Sebastian (April 2023). "Modulating Liquid–Liquid
Transitions and Glass Formation in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks by Decoration with Electron-Withdrawing Cyano
244:
ZIF-62 was made into a glassy membrane on the nanoporous alumina support for gas separation for the first time by Yuhan et al in 2020. The vitrification process effectively eliminates grain boundaries formation within the glass, and the molecular sieving ability of such membrane is significantly
157:) have been also reported as a feasible procedure for the preparation of ZIF-8 at an industrial scale. Working under stoichiometric conditions, ZIF-8 could be obtained in 10 hours and does not require the use of ligand excess, additives, organic solvents or cleaning steps.
669:
However, ZIFs tend to be expensive to synthesize. MOFs require synthesis methods with long reaction periods, high pressures, and high temperatures, which aren’t methods that are easy to scale-up. ZIFs do tend to be more affordable than commercially available non-ZIF MOFs.
285:
ZIF’s also have great potential as heterogeneous catalysts; ZIF-8 has been shown to act as good catalysts for the transesterification of vegetable oils, the
Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction between benzoyl chloride and anisole, and for the formation of carbonates. ZIF-8
261:
Much ZIF research focuses on the separation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide because a well-studied ZIF, ZIF-8, has a very high separation factor for hydrogen and carbon dioxide mixtures. It is also very good for the separation of hydrocarbon mixtures, like the following:
470:
materials for matrices for biosensors, like electrochemical biosensors, for in-vivo electrochemical measurements. They also have potential applications as luminescent probes for the detection of metal ions and small molecules. ZIF-8 luminescence is highly sensitive to
652:
required to reach saturation. MOFs are also less stable in moist and oxygen-rich environments due to metal-oxygen bonds performing hydrolysis. ZIFs, however, have nearly identical performance in dry vs humid conditions, showing much higher
2245:
LĂłpez-DomĂnguez, Pedro; LĂłpez-Periago, Ana M.; Fernández-Porras, Francisco J.; et al. (2017-03-01). "Supercritical CO2 for the synthesis of nanometric ZIF-8 and loading with hyperbranched aminopolymers. Applications in CO2 capture".
224:
by doing an alkali metal cation exchange. The second is the Si/Al ratio which impacts the cation exchange capacity. To get a higher adsorption capacity, there must be a lower Si/Al ratio in order to increase the cation exchange capacity.
253:, are much higher than Knudsen selectivities, and the excellent performance of the ZIF-62 glass membrane not only far exceeds the Robeson upper bound, but also exceeds most of other pure polycrystalline MOF materials reported so far.
673:
When combined with polymer-sorbent materials, research determined that hybrid polymer-ZIF sorbent membranes no longer following the upper bound of the
Robeson plot, which is a plot of selectivity as a function of permeation for
989:
Bennett, Thomas D.; Tan, Jin-Chong; Yue, Yuanzheng; Baxter, Emma; Ducati, Caterina; Terrill, Nick J.; Yeung, Hamish H. -M.; Zhou, Zhongfu; Chen, Wenlin; Henke, Sebastian; Cheetham, Anthony K. (November 2015).
1887:
Yao, Jianfeng; He, Ming; Wang, Kun; et al. (2013-04-16). "High-yield synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks from stoichiometric metal and ligand precursor aqueous solutions at room temperature".
1466:
Huang, Xiao-Chun; Lin, Yan-Yong; Zhang, Jie-Peng; Chen, Xiao-Ming (2006-02-27). "Ligand-Directed
Strategy for Zeolite-Type Metal–Organic Frameworks: Zinc(II) Imidazolates with Unusual Zeolitic Topologies".
1510:
Cravillon, Janosch; MĂĽnzer, Simon; Lohmeier, Sven-Jare; et al. (2009-04-28). "Rapid Room-Temperature
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystals of a Prototypical Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework".
137:, which allows nucleation reactions to proceed rapidly through acoustic generation of localized heat and pressure, has been explored as a way to shorten synthesis times. As with the case of zeolites,
1589:
Bennett, Thomas D.; Saines, Paul J.; Keen, David A.; et al. (2013-05-27). "Ball-Milling-Induced
Amorphization of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) for the Irreversible Trapping of Iodine".
742:
Bennett, Thomas D.; Yue, Yuanzheng; Li, Peng; Qiao, Ang; Tao, Haizheng; Greaves, Neville G.; Richards, Tom; Lampronti, Giulio I.; Redfern, Simon A. T.; Blanc, Frédéric; Farha, Omar K. (2016-03-16).
2120:
Hillman, Febrian; Zimmerman, John M.; Paek, Seung-Min; et al. (2017-03-28). "Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of hybrid zeolitic–imidazolate frameworks with mixed metals and mixed linkers".
644:
Perhaps the most important difference is the ZIFs' hydrophobic properties and water stability. A main issue with zeolites and MOFs, to a certain extent, was their adsorption of water along with CO
110:. A wide range of solvents, bases, and conditions have been explored, with an eye towards improving crystal functionality, morphology, and dispersity. Prototypically, an amide solvent such as
1546:
He, Ming; Yao, Jianfeng; Li, Lunxi; et al. (2013-10-01). "Synthesis of
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-7 in a Water/Ethanol Mixture and Its Ethanol-Induced Reversible Phase Transition".
2708:
Wang, Sibo; Wang, Xinchen (2015-12-08). "Imidazolium Ionic
Liquids, Imidazolylidene Heterocyclic Carbenes, and Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for CO2 Capture and Photochemical Reduction".
141:
has also been of interest for the rapid synthesis of ZIFs. Both methods have been shown to reduce reaction times from days to hours, or from hours to minutes. Solvent-free methods, such as
666:
halved. When this saturation and regeneration tests were run at these conditions, ZIFs also showed minimal to no structural degradation, a good indication of the adsorbent’s re-usability.
2393:
Phan, Anh; Doonan, Christian J.; Uribe-Romo, Fernando J.; et al. (2010-01-19). "Synthesis, structure, and carbon dioxide capture properties of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks".
2085:
Bux, Helge; Liang, Fangyi; Li, Yanshuo; et al. (2009). "Zeolitic
Imidazolate Framework Membrane with Molecular Sieving Properties by Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis".
1923:
Shieh, Fa-Kuen; Wang, Shao-Chun; Leo, Sin-Yen; Wu, Kevin C.-W. (2013-08-19). "Water-Based Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-90 (ZIF-90) with a Controllable Particle Size".
2491:
Zhang, Kang; Nalaparaju, Anjaiah; Chen, Yifei; Jiang, Jianwen (2014-04-23). "Biofuel purification in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: the significant role of functional groups".
2013:
Seoane, Beatriz; Zamaro, Juan M.; Tellez, Carlos; Coronas, Joaquin (2012-04-02). "Sonocrystallization of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-7, ZIF-8, ZIF-11 and ZIF-20)".
106:
with acidic proton), a solvent, and base. Functionalized ImH linkers allow for control of ZIF structure. This process is ideal for generating monocrystalline materials for
82:
linkages) partially break at high temperature and the resulting undercoordinated metal ions have the potential to link with other neighboring organic ligands for exchange.
2542:
Guan, Yebin; Shi, Juanjuan; Xia, Ming; et al. (2017-11-30). "Monodispersed ZIF-8 particles with enhanced performance for CO2 adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis".
536:
502:
221:
1632:
Pan, Yichang; Liu, Yunyang; Zeng, Gaofeng; et al. (2011-02-01). "Rapid synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals in an aqueous system".
874:
Phan, A.; Doonan, C. J.; Uribe-Romo, F. J.; et al. (2010). "Synthesis, Structure, and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks".
2582:
Chen, Binling; Yang, Zhuxian; Zhu, Yanqiu; Xia, Yongde (2014-09-23). "Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials: recent progress in synthesis and applications".
1303:
Banerjee, Rahul; Phan, Anh; Wang, Bo; et al. (2008-02-15). "High-Throughput Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Application to CO2 Capture".
2624:
Basnayake, Sajani A.; Su, Jie; Zou, Xiadong; Balkus, Kenneth J. (2015-02-04). "Carbonate-Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Frame for Highly Selective CO2 Capture".
277:
Typically, water and ethanol (or other alcohols) are separated using distillation, however ZIF’s offer a potential lower-energy separation option.
2436:
Wang, Yuhan; Jin, Hua; Ma, Qiang; Mo, Kai; Mao, Haizhuo; Feldhoff, Armin; Cao, Xingzhong; Li, Yanshuo; Pan, Fusheng; Jiang, Zhongyi (2020-03-09).
1816:"Formate modulated solvothermal synthesis of ZIF-8 investigated using time-resolved in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy"
2377:
2155:
Bennett, Thomas D.; Cao, Shuai; Tan, Jin Chong; et al. (2011). "Facile Mechanosynthesis of Amorphous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks".
2320:
Venna, Surendar R.; Carreon, Moises A. (2010-01-13). "Highly Permeable Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-8 Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation".
909:
Zhang, J.-P.; Zhang, Y.-B.; Lin, J.-B.; Chen, X.-M. (2012). "Metal Azolate Frameworks: From Crystal Engineering to Functional Materials".
2760:
2058:
Cho, Hye-Young; Kim, Jun; Kim, Se-Na; Ahn, Wha-Seung (2013-03-15). "High yield 1-L scale synthesis of ZIF-8 via a sonochemical route".
1716:
Kida, Koji; Okita, Muneyuki; Fujita, Kosuke; et al. (2013-02-07). "Formation of high crystalline ZIF-8 in an aqueous solution".
2775:
2765:
1120:
Madsen, Rasmus S. K.; Qiao, Ang; Sen, Jishnu; Hung, Ivan; Chen, Kuizhi; Gan, Zhehong; Sen, Sabyasachi; Yue, Yuanzheng (2020-03-27).
723:
604:
571:
184:
ZIFs exhibit some properties relevant to carbon dioxide capture, while commercial technology still centers around amine solvents.
23:
The structure of a zeolitic imidazolate framework is made through three-dimensional assembly of metal(imidazolate)4 tetrahedra.
1677:"Size-controlled Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) Crystals in an Aqueous System at Room Temperature"
2770:
150:
623:
2745:
648:. Water vapor is often found in carbon-rich exhaust gases, and MOFs would absorb the water, lowering the amount of CO
586:
1853:
Peralta, David; Chaplais, Gérald; Simon-Masseron, Angélique; Barthelet, Karin; Pirngruber, Gerhard D. (2012-05-01).
1753:"Room-temperature synthesis of ZIF-90 nanocrystals and the derived nano-composite membranes for hydrogen separation"
1252:
Hayashi, Hideki; Côté, Adrien P.; Furukawa, Hiroyasu; et al. (2007-07-01). "Zeolite A imidazolate frameworks".
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The table below gives a more comprehensive list of ZIF’s that can act as catalysts for different organic reactions.
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Due to their promising material properties, significant interest lies in economical large-scale production methods.
19:
708:
179:
63:
582:
233:
146:
291:
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ions as well as acetone. ZIF nanoparticles can also sense fluorescently tagged single stranded pieces of DNA.
1791:"Solvothermal synthesis of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework ZIF-78 with controllable size and morphology"
2668:"Mixed-Metal Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and their Selective Capture of Wet Carbon Dioxide over Methane"
703:
675:
31:
641:
MOFs, allowing them to work at a wider range in temperatures, making them suitable to chemical processes.
134:
99:
95:
2667:
107:
2551:
2500:
2449:
2203:
1375:
1312:
1261:
1198:
1133:
1075:
1013:
825:
119:
1421:"Synthesis of nanoparticles of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-94 using inorganic deprotonators"
138:
1122:"Ultrahigh-field 67 Zn NMR reveals short-range disorder in zeolitic imidazolate framework glasses"
657:
selectivity over water, allowing the adsorbent to store more carbon before saturation is reached.
2473:
1854:
1448:
1344:
1003:
791:
507:
473:
946:"Synthesis, Structure, and Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks"
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2725:
2690:
2641:
2599:
2524:
2516:
2465:
2418:
2410:
2373:
2345:
2337:
2302:
2294:
2227:
2219:
2172:
2137:
2102:
2040:
1995:
1987:
1948:
1940:
1905:
1835:
1772:
1733:
1698:
1657:
1649:
1614:
1606:
1571:
1563:
1528:
1492:
1484:
1440:
1401:
1393:
1336:
1328:
1285:
1277:
1234:
1216:
1167:
1149:
1099:
1091:
1047:
1029:
968:
926:
891:
853:
783:
775:
111:
2437:
2717:
2682:
2633:
2591:
2559:
2508:
2457:
2402:
2329:
2286:
2255:
2211:
2164:
2129:
2094:
2067:
2030:
2022:
1979:
1932:
1897:
1869:
1827:
1764:
1725:
1688:
1641:
1598:
1555:
1520:
1476:
1432:
1383:
1320:
1269:
1224:
1206:
1157:
1141:
1083:
1037:
1021:
960:
918:
883:
843:
833:
810:
765:
755:
42:
1364:"Colossal cages in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as selective carbon dioxide reservoirs"
945:
102:
techniques. Crystals slowly grow from a heated solution of a hydrated metal salt, an ImH (
2555:
2504:
2453:
2207:
1815:
1379:
1316:
1265:
1202:
1137:
1079:
1017:
829:
1966:
Nune, Satish K.; Thallapally, Praveen K.; Dohnalkova, Alice; et al. (2010-06-29).
1229:
1186:
1162:
1121:
1042:
991:
848:
2754:
2477:
2191:
1790:
1452:
1420:
713:
695:
2071:
1873:
1348:
795:
630:
Most ZIF alterations up to this point have involved changing the linkers — bridging
228:
which show steep uptakes at low pressures. One liter of ZIF can hold 83 liters of CO
287:
2686:
1814:
Cravillon, Janosch; Schröder, Christian A.; Bux, Helge; et al. (2011-12-12).
2563:
299:
58:
39:
2368:
Smit, Bernard; Reimer, Jeffrey A.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Bourg, Ian C. (2014).
2259:
1187:"Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks"
811:"Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks"
295:
room temperature, specifically the dehydrogenation of dimethylamine borane and
685:
127:
123:
2603:
2520:
2469:
2414:
2341:
2298:
2223:
2141:
2044:
1991:
1944:
1909:
1839:
1776:
1737:
1702:
1653:
1610:
1567:
1532:
1488:
1444:
1397:
1332:
1281:
1220:
1153:
1095:
1033:
779:
1324:
1211:
1145:
838:
689:
245:
improved. The value of the ideal selectivities of several gas pairs, e.g. CO
142:
115:
103:
2729:
2721:
2694:
2645:
2528:
2461:
2422:
2349:
2306:
2231:
2176:
2106:
1999:
1952:
1936:
1661:
1618:
1602:
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1559:
1496:
1480:
1405:
1340:
1289:
1238:
1171:
1103:
1051:
972:
930:
895:
857:
787:
1419:
Madhav, Dharmjeet; Malankowska, Magdalena; Coronas, Joaquin (2020-11-06).
2192:"Chemical vapour deposition of zeolitic imidazolate framework thin films"
1693:
1676:
1675:
Tanaka, Shunsuke; Kida, Koji; Okita, Muneyuki; et al. (2012-10-05).
1362:
Wang, Bo; Côté, Adrien P.; Furukawa, Hiroyasu; et al. (2008-05-08).
1087:
760:
743:
188:
2190:
Stassen, Ivo; Styles, Mark; Grenci, Gianluca; et al. (2016-03-01).
1388:
1363:
992:"Hybrid glasses from strong and fragile metal-organic framework liquids"
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2512:
2133:
2035:
2026:
1901:
1831:
1768:
1729:
1645:
1436:
1025:
718:
35:
2637:
2406:
2333:
2290:
2168:
2098:
1524:
1185:
Park, Kyo Sung; Ni, Zheng; Côté, Adrien P.; et al. (2006-07-05).
964:
922:
887:
770:
2215:
1983:
1273:
631:
296:
50:
2274:
1967:
589:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2275:"Porous Inorganic Membranes for CO2 Capture: Present and Prospects"
1752:
1968:"Synthesis and properties of nano zeolitic imidazolate frameworks"
1008:
547:
could aid in the development of ZIF-based drug-release platforms.
187:
Zeolites are known to have tunable pores – ranging between 3-12
54:
46:
2666:
Nguyen, Nhung T. T.; Lo, Tien N. H.; Kim, Jaheon (2016-04-04).
116:
poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide)
554:
191:– which allows them to separate carbon dioxide. Because a
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2361:
2359:
1855:"Synthesis and adsorption properties of ZIF-76 isomorphs"
209:
578:
2372:(1 ed.). Hackensack, NJ: Imperial College Press.
510:
476:
197:
744:"Melt-Quenched Glasses of Metal–Organic Frameworks"
290:can also be used to enhance the performance in the
530:
496:
215:
130:, imparting particle-size and morphology control.
2370:Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration
458:Degradation of methyl orange and orange II dyes
1191:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
403:Hydrogenation of cyclohexene and phenylacetene
34:(MOFs) that are topologically isomorphic with
1751:Yang, Tingxu; Chung, Tai-Shung (2013-04-23).
8:
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2438:"A MOF Glass Membrane for Gas Separation"
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605:Learn how and when to remove this message
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414:Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophonone
353:gold, silver, and platinum nanoparticles
342:gold and silver core shell nanoparticles
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2322:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2157:Journal of the American Chemical Society
2087:Journal of the American Chemical Society
1115:
1113:
1068:Journal of the American Chemical Society
748:Journal of the American Chemical Society
378:platinum and titanium dioxide nanotubes
310:
18:
1469:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
734:
661:ZIFs vs commercially available products
124:poly-(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
62:investigated for applications such as
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2575:
2573:
7:
2060:Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
1862:Microporous and Mesoporous Materials
869:
867:
2493:Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
551:Comparing ZIFs with other compounds
126:have been found to act as crystal
14:
724:Hydrogen-bonded organic framework
16:Class of metal-organic frameworks
2584:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
2122:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
1757:Journal of Materials Chemistry A
688:
559:
232:. This could also be useful for
108:single-crystal X-ray diffraction
2273:Pera-Titus, Marc (2014-01-22).
2072:10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.11.012
1874:10.1016/j.micromeso.2011.12.009
944:Yaghi, Omar M. (January 2010).
622:While ZIFs are a subset of the
28:Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
2746:Pore characterizations of ZIFs
1925:Chemistry – A European Journal
1591:Chemistry – A European Journal
809:Park, KS; et al. (2006).
465:Sensing and electronic devices
174:Applications to carbon capture
1:
2687:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00814
2395:Accounts of Chemical Research
953:Accounts of Chemical Research
333:Oxidation of aldehyde groups
257:Other separation applications
2564:10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.06.183
531:{\displaystyle {\ce {Cd2+}}}
497:{\displaystyle {\ce {Cu2+}}}
151:supercritical carbon dioxide
139:microwave-assisted synthesis
94:ZIFs are mainly prepared by
585:the claims made and adding
345:Reduction of 4-nitrophenol
216:{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}
2792:
2761:Carbon capture and storage
2260:10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.019
2248:Journal of CO2 Utilization
709:Covalent organic framework
358:Hydrogenation of n-hexene
180:carbon capture and storage
177:
425:Knoevenagel condensation
234:pressure-swing adsorption
147:chemical vapor deposition
40:tetrahedrally-coordinated
2776:Metal-organic frameworks
2766:Sustainable technologies
1425:New Journal of Chemistry
422:iron oxide microspheres
411:ruthenium nanoparticles
389:palladium nanoparticles
370:Hydrogenation of alkene
292:Knoevenagel condensation
269:Ethylene- propylene = 10
32:metal-organic frameworks
2544:Applied Surface Science
1972:Chemical Communications
1634:Chemical Communications
1325:10.1126/science.1152516
1212:10.1073/pnas.0602439103
1146:10.1126/science.aaz0251
839:10.1073/pnas.0602439103
704:Metal-organic framework
676:membrane gas separation
367:platinum nanoparticles
320:Reaction (s) Catalyzed
272:Ethylene- propane = 167
38:. ZIFs are composed of
2722:10.1002/anie.201507145
2462:10.1002/ange.201915807
1937:10.1002/chem.201301560
1603:10.1002/chem.201300216
1560:10.1002/cplu.201300193
1513:Chemistry of Materials
1481:10.1002/anie.200503778
532:
498:
400:iridium nanoparticles
381:Degradation of phenol
217:
135:Sonochemical synthesis
64:carbon dioxide capture
30:(ZIFs) are a class of
24:
996:Nature Communications
533:
499:
317:Additional Materials
218:
112:N,N-dimethylformamide
22:
1694:10.1246/cl.2012.1337
1088:10.1021/jacs.3c01933
761:10.1021/jacs.5b13220
508:
474:
195:
120:polyvinylpyrrolidone
2771:Crystal engineering
2675:Inorganic Chemistry
2626:Inorganic Chemistry
2590:(40): 16811–16831.
2556:2017ApSS..423..349G
2505:2014PCCP...16.9643Z
2454:2020AngCh.132.4395W
2208:2016NatMa..15..304S
2163:(37): 14546–14549.
2093:(44): 16000–16001.
1931:(34): 11139–11142.
1431:(46): 20449–20457.
1389:10.1038/nature06900
1380:2008Natur.453..207W
1317:2008Sci...319..939B
1266:2007NatMa...6..501H
1203:2006PNAS..10310186P
1197:(27): 10186–10191.
1138:2020Sci...367.1473M
1132:(6485): 1473–1476.
1080:2023JAChS.145.9723S
1018:2015NatCo...6.8079B
830:2006PNAS..10310186P
824:(27): 10186–10191.
627:they were created.
526:
492:
392:Aminocarbonylation
328:gold nanoparticles
266:Ethane-propane = 80
211:
2596:10.1039/C4TA02984D
2513:10.1039/C4CP00739E
2134:10.1039/C6TA11170J
2027:10.1039/C2CE06382D
1902:10.1039/C3CE27093A
1832:10.1039/C1CE06002C
1769:10.1039/C3TA10928C
1730:10.1039/C2CE26847G
1646:10.1039/C0CC05002D
1437:10.1039/D0NJ04402D
1026:10.1038/ncomms9079
570:possibly contains
528:
512:
494:
478:
213:
199:
25:
2710:Angewandte Chemie
2681:(12): 6201–6207.
2638:10.1021/ic5027174
2448:(11): 4395–4399.
2442:Angewandte Chemie
2407:10.1021/ar900116g
2379:978-1-78326-328-8
2334:10.1021/ja909263x
2291:10.1021/cr400237k
2169:10.1021/ja206082s
2128:(13): 6090–6099.
2099:10.1021/ja907359t
1687:(10): 1337–1339.
1681:Chemistry Letters
1597:(22): 7049–7055.
1554:(10): 1222–1225.
1525:10.1021/cm900166h
1475:(10): 1557–1559.
1374:(7192): 207–211.
1311:(5865): 939–943.
1074:(16): 9273–9284.
965:10.1021/ar900116g
923:10.1021/cr200139g
888:10.1021/ar900116g
754:(10): 3484–3492.
615:
614:
607:
572:original research
515:
481:
462:
461:
455:Molybdenum Oxide
202:
2783:
2734:
2733:
2716:(7): 2308–2320.
2705:
2699:
2698:
2672:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2632:(4): 1816–1821.
2621:
2608:
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2579:
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2567:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2433:
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2426:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2365:
2354:
2353:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2285:(2): 1413–1492.
2279:Chemical Reviews
2270:
2264:
2263:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2216:10.1038/nmat4509
2196:Nature Materials
2187:
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2110:
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2055:
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2010:
2004:
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1984:10.1039/C002088E
1963:
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1859:
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1666:
1665:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1519:(8): 1410–1412.
1507:
1501:
1500:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1391:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1274:10.1038/nmat1927
1254:Nature Materials
1249:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1214:
1182:
1176:
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1062:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1011:
986:
977:
976:
950:
941:
935:
934:
917:(2): 1001–1033.
906:
900:
899:
871:
862:
861:
851:
841:
815:
806:
800:
799:
773:
763:
739:
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587:inline citations
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444:Conversion of CO
356:Oxidation of CO
331:Oxidation of CO
311:
222:
220:
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207:
200:
77:Glassy structure
43:transition metal
2791:
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2540:
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2499:(20): 9643–55.
2490:
2489:
2485:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2357:
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2118:
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2084:
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2079:
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2012:
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2007:
1978:(27): 4878–80.
1965:
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1917:
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57:) connected by
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2740:External links
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1826:(2): 492–498.
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876:Acc. Chem. Res
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1640:(7): 2071–3.
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1600:
1596:
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714:Omar M. Yaghi
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696:Energy portal
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568:This section
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542:Drug delivery
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314:ZIF Material
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305:hydrolysis.
304:
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288:nanoparticles
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2431:
2401:(1): 58–67.
2398:
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2369:
2328:(1): 76–78.
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2018:
2015:CrystEngComm
2014:
2008:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1896:(18): 3601.
1893:
1890:CrystEngComm
1889:
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1823:
1820:CrystEngComm
1819:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1795:ResearchGate
1794:
1785:
1763:(19): 6081.
1760:
1756:
1746:
1721:
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2066:: 180–184.
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1724:(9): 1794.
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128:dispersants
70:ZIF glasses
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2755:Categories
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730:References
579:improve it
2604:2050-7496
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1992:1364-548X
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1840:1466-8033
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1703:0366-7022
1654:1364-548X
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