359:, was an ally of Wu Yuanji's and had been submitting petitions attacking Wu Yuanheng and urging the end of the campaign against Zhangyi. The Chengde officers were arrested and interrogated, and they confessed to assassinating Wu Yuanheng. Zhang, suspecting that these confessions were extracted by torture, requested further investigations. Emperor Xianzong declined and had them executed, and subsequently declared Wang a renegade, although he did not immediately order a campaign against Wang. However, Wang subsequently reacted by pillaging his surrounding circuits, and Emperor Xianzong was set to do so. Zhang, pointing out that it would be difficult for the empire to maintain two campaigns simultaneously, suggested waiting until the campaign against Zhangyi were complete. Emperor Xianzong did not agree, and Zhang thus offered to resign. In spring 816, Emperor Xianzong thus made Zhang the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
367:), still carrying the chancellor title as an honorary title. Emperor Xianzong, who did not want to publicly go against Zhang's advice while Zhang remained chancellor, then declared a general campaign against Wang, even before Zhang could arrive at Taiyuan. Zhang prepared the Hedong army and requested to personally command the troops against Wang. Emperor Xianzong allowed him to send his troops but declined his request to personally command them. The imperial army was unsuccessful against Wang, but Wang became fearful after Wu Yuanji was captured and executed in 817, and subsequent submitted to the imperial government and surrendered two of his six prefectures to imperial control.
469:, who did not understand the rationale of Liu's plan. Further, Zhu and the other officers that Liu sent to Chang'an were not given offices or salaries, and it was said that as they lacked income, they fell into financial desperation, even requiring loans for their food and clothing, despite their frequent submission of requests for offices to Cui and Du. When Zhang arrived at Lulong, he ordered Zhu and the others to return to Lulong, further angering them. Meanwhile, Zhang further drew the anger of the people and soldiers of Lulong over a number of actions:
382:) went to Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xianzong and then requested to remain at Chang'an, Zhang was made the military governor of Xuanwu and continued to carry the honorary chancellor title. It was said that when Zhang served at Hedong and Xuanwu, as he succeeded stern military governors, he was lenient and frugal, and the armies and the people were comforted by his leniency and frugality.
515:
killed Wei and several other staff member of Zhang's, and put Zhang under arrest. The next day, the mutineers began to regret their actions, but when they met Zhang to ask for forgiveness, Zhang did not speak at all. The mutineers believed that Zhang was not intending to pardon them, and instead supported Zhu Kerong's father Zhu Hui (
177:) to investigate. As both Mu and Zhang believed that Linghu would not commit such an act, they asked for the investigation to be suspended. Du refused to listen to them and had LInghu arrested; he also threw Mu and Zhang off his staff. However, a later investigation ordered by Emperor Dezong located the actual robber.
180:
Soon afterwards, when
Princess Deyang was set to be married, the mansion that Emperor Dezong was constructing for her would have required the destruction of Zhang's ancestral shrine. Zhang requested an audience with Emperor Dezong, and he pleaded on account of his grandfather's and father's virtues.
514:
In fall 821, when a low-level officer accidentally collided with Wei's guards, Wei ordered the officer whipped, but the other officers were unaccustomed to this kind of punishment and refused to carry out the punishment. Zhang
Hongjing had the officers arrested. That night, the soldiers mutinied,
705:
do not list a
Princess Deyang; presumably, she eventually was created another title, but because her then-title was not listed among those biographies, it is not completely clear whose daughter she was, although the context would appear to indicate that she was a sister or daughter of Emperor
536:, and the two circuits waged a campaign against the imperial troops sent to combat the mutinies. Emperor Muzong eventually allowed Zhu Kerong to become the military governor of Lulong in winter 821, and only after receiving his commission did Zhu release Zhang and Lu (whom he also captured).
398:
the military governor of Lulong
Circuit offered to resign and submit his circuit to imperial rule. As Liu was concerned that his officers might not abide by the decision he made, he further proposed that Lulong be divided into three circuits, with the circuit capital, You Prefecture
147:, Zhang Yanshang was serving in progressively more important positions, and eventually served as a chancellor in 787 before dying late that year. Zhang Hongjing, on account of his heritage, was made an officer at Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., the region of the eastern capital
492:), and these assistants were disrespectful of soldiers and extravagant in their living — such that, shocking to the people of You Prefecture, they were often feasting deep into the night and going home after midnight, with their guards loudly escorting them.
340:) to Zhangyi. Wu Yuanji refused to allow Li Junhe to enter his domain and further pillaged the cities of the surrounding circuits, thus leading to a general imperial campaign against Zhangyi. Around this time, Zhang was created the Marquess of Gaoping.
333:
to inherit the circuit. Zhang suggested first declaring a mourning period for Wu
Shaoyang and then sending a key official to Zhangyi to mourn Wu Shaoyang and observe what Wu Yuanji's attitude was. Emperor Xianzong agreed and sent the official Li Junhe
473:
In contrast to the past military governors' willingness to bear the difficulties with the people, including the weather conditions, when Zhang was arriving at You
Prefecture, he was in a litter borne by eight men, shocking the people of You
460:
Emperor Muzong accepted Liu's submission, but did not fully implement Liu's partition plan; Ying and Mo were given to Lu Shimei, but the remaining prefectures were all given to Zhang, under the suggestion of the chancellors
171:) had been chasing thugs out of the city that a robbery occurred in the same locale. As Linghu belonged to a strong clan, Du came to suspect Linghu of having committed the robbery and asked Zhang and his colleague Mu Yuan (
566:
181:
Emperor Dezong comforted him and ordered that the Zhang ancestral shrine be preserved. Zhang later submitted a poem to
Emperor Dezong praising the Tang system of the two capitals (i.e., the main capital
347:, who had been put in charge of the campaign against Zhangyi after Li Jifu died late in 814, was assassinated. Suspicions fell on a number of officers from Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern
449:). (Liu had made these recommendations on the bases that when Zhang ruled Hedong, which neighbored Lulong, Liu had often heard good opinions of Zhang's governance; that Xue was the son of
510:, and referred to them as the "Two Holy Men." Zhang Hongjing, wanting to change this custom, had An and Shi exhumed and their caskets destroyed, causing resentment among the people.
495:
When Liu submitted to imperial authority, Emperor Muzong ordered a large cash reward for the Lulong soldiers, but Zhang
Hongjing took 20% of the award for headquarter expenses.
889:
894:
909:
904:
899:
524:
Upon hearing of the mutiny, Emperor Muzong, intending to calm the mutineers, announced that Zhang would be demoted to be the prefect of Ji
Prefecture (吉州, in modern
692:. Moreover, as it was likely that Zhang Hongjing observed a three-year mourning period for Zhang Yanshang's death, this would likely be in 790 or later.
914:
453:
and familiar with the region; and that Lu was a relative of Liu's wife's.) Further, believing that a number of senior army officers, including
477:
Zhang
Hongjing was solemn and arrogant, not willing to speak with the people, and he rarely accepted advice from guests and the army officers.
165:) served as the defender of Luoyang, he invited Zhang Hongjing to serve as his assistant. There was an occasion when the officer Linghu Yun (
135:
was already serving in the imperial government. Zhang Hongjing himself was said to be elegant, lenient, faithful, and honest in his youth.
247:) (and at the time, he was also in charge of selecting officials to be stationed at Luoyang); deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎,
31:
329:, Emperor Xianzong prepared for a campaign to seize control of Zhangyi by force if necessary, rather than allowing Wu's son
23:
651:
863:
859:
855:
815:
796:
767:
732:
585:
633:
550:. He died in 824, shortly after Emperor Muzong's death and Li Zhan's succession to the throne as Emperor Jingzong.
521:) to serve as the acting military governor. Zhu Hui declined, but recommended Zhu Kerong, and the soldiers agreed.
124:
80:
547:
290:
128:
84:
457:, were difficult to control, he sent them to Chang'an and requested that Emperor Muzong give them promotions.
843:
831:
751:
689:
685:
614:
371:
711:
391:
144:
108:
532:, who had around the same time mutinied at and taken over Chengde Circuit, killing the imperial general
112:
88:
884:
879:
185:
and Luoyang). Emperor Dezong favored his writing and made him an imperial censor with the title
525:
838:
826:
627:
580:
274:
540:
499:
95:), leading to Lulong soldiers' subsequent rebellion against the imperial government under
850:
727:
533:
356:
293:
was emperor, Zhang Hongjing was recalled to Chang'an and made the minister of justice (
132:
873:
390:
In spring 821, by which time Emperor Xianzong had died and been succeeded by his son
120:
49:
544:
529:
348:
72:
655:
539:
After Zhang was released, he was made the prefect of Fu Prefecture (撫州, in modern
680:— i.e., 793 — Zhang's service under him must have been during that period. See
466:
418:
344:
314:
182:
507:
454:
96:
503:
330:
318:
260:
116:
677:
637:
450:
436:
426:
395:
269:
152:
462:
425:), and Tan (檀州, in modern Beijing) Prefectures be given to the general
414:
406:
375:
360:
326:
156:
148:
92:
498:
The people of You Prefecture had venerated the leading figures of the
317:
the military governor of Zhangyi Circuit (彰義, headquartered in modern
243:), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省,
374:
the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern
364:
278:
131:, and at the time of Zhang Hongjing's birth, Zhang Hongjing's father
39:
151:), and later served as the sheriff of Lantian County (藍田, in modern
440:
422:
410:
379:
352:
322:
264:
76:
233:) (and at this time, he was also in charge of drafting edicts);
676:
As Du Ya served at Luoyang from 788 to when he was replaced by
205:). Zhang later served successively in a number of positions —
229:), a supervisorial official at the ministry of defense (兵部,
355:) stationed at Chang'an, as Chengde's military governor,
87:. He was blamed in traditional histories for misruling
325:) died, and at the advice of Zhang's fellow chancellor
215:), a low-level official at the ministry of rites (禮部,
386:
During Emperor Muzong's and Emperor Jingzong's reigns
107:
Zhang Hongjing was born in 760, during the reign of
480:
He gave much authority to his assistants Wei Yong (
259:) of Shan'guo Circuit (陝虢, headquartered in modern
443:) Prefectures be given to the official Lu Shimei (
273:) of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern
413:), be given to Zhang Hongjing; Ji (薊州, in modern
313:). Soon after he became chancellor, the warlord
143:During the reign of Emperor Suzong's grandson
516:
487:
481:
444:
430:
405:), along with Zhuo Prefecture (涿州, in modern
400:
385:
335:
308:
294:
238:
224:
210:
200:
190:
172:
166:
160:
66:
56:
8:
127:during the reign of Emperor Suzong's father
890:Chancellors under Emperor Xianzong of Tang
807:
805:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
722:
720:
701:The biographies of the princesses in the
111:. His family traced its ancestry to the
895:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Hezhong Circuit
743:
741:
910:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Lulong Circuit
905:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Xuanwu Circuit
900:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Hedong Circuit
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
558:
543:). He was soon made an advisor to the
289:In 814, when Emperor Dezong's grandson
528:). Zhu Kerong, however, allied with
7:
251:); deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎,
343:In 815, Zhang's fellow chancellor
14:
305:Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi
195:), and then the greater title of
915:People from Linyi County, Shanxi
285:During Emperor Xianzong's reign
488:
309:
161:
44:
35:
27:
1:
435:) and Mo (莫州, both in modern
139:During Emperor Dezong's reign
91:(盧龍, headquartered in modern
931:
267:); and military governor (
71:), was an official of the
634:"漢川草廬-二十四史-新唐書-卷七十二‧表第十二"
517:
482:
445:
431:
401:
336:
295:
239:
225:
211:
201:
191:
173:
167:
67:
57:
299:) as well as chancellor
48:) (760 – July 24, 824),
417:), Gui (媯州, in modern
486:) and Zhang Zonghou (
284:
138:
640:on November 20, 2008
554:Notes and references
83:during the reign of
119:. His grandfather
63:Marquess of Gaoping
32:traditional Chinese
303:with the title of
255:); governor (觀察使,
197:Dianzhong Shiyushi
24:simplified Chinese
16:Chinese chancellor
922:
839:New Book of Tang
827:Old Book of Tang
819:
809:
800:
790:
771:
761:
755:
748:New Book of Tang
745:
736:
724:
715:
708:New Book of Tang
703:New Book of Tang
699:
693:
682:Old Book of Tang
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
658:on June 20, 2010
654:. Archived from
649:
647:
645:
636:. Archived from
628:New Book of Tang
624:
618:
611:Old Book of Tang
608:
589:
581:Old Book of Tang
577:
571:
570:
563:
520:
519:
491:
490:
485:
484:
448:
447:
434:
433:
404:
403:
339:
338:
312:
311:
298:
297:
291:Emperor Xianzong
242:
241:
228:
227:
221:Bingbu Langzhong
214:
213:
207:Libu Yuanwailang
204:
203:
194:
193:
176:
175:
170:
169:
164:
163:
159:). When Du Ya (
129:Emperor Xuanzong
123:had served as a
85:Emperor Xianzong
70:
69:
61:), formally the
60:
59:
46:
37:
29:
930:
929:
925:
924:
923:
921:
920:
919:
870:
869:
822:
810:
803:
791:
774:
762:
758:
746:
739:
725:
718:
706:Dezong's. See
700:
696:
675:
671:
661:
659:
652:"新唐書-宰相世系二(張氏)"
650:
643:
641:
632:
625:
621:
609:
592:
586:vol. 17, part 1
578:
574:
565:
564:
560:
556:
541:Fuzhou, Jiangxi
500:Anshi Rebellion
388:
287:
235:Zhongshu Sheren
141:
105:
79:, serving as a
17:
12:
11:
5:
928:
926:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
872:
871:
868:
867:
851:Zizhi Tongjian
847:
835:
821:
820:
812:Zizhi Tongjian
801:
793:Zizhi Tongjian
772:
764:Zizhi Tongjian
756:
737:
728:Zizhi Tongjian
716:
694:
669:
619:
590:
572:
557:
555:
552:
534:Tian Hongzheng
526:Ji'an, Jiangxi
512:
511:
496:
493:
478:
475:
392:Emperor Muzong
387:
384:
370:In 819, after
357:Wang Chengzong
286:
283:
249:Gongbu Shilang
245:Zhongshu Sheng
145:Emperor Dezong
140:
137:
133:Zhang Yanshang
109:Emperor Suzong
104:
101:
89:Lulong Circuit
45:Zhāng Hóngjìng
20:Zhang Hongjing
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
927:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:
848:
845:
841:
840:
836:
833:
829:
828:
824:
823:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
698:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
673:
670:
657:
653:
639:
635:
630:
629:
623:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:
576:
573:
568:
562:
559:
553:
551:
549:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
522:
509:
505:
501:
497:
494:
479:
476:
472:
471:
470:
468:
464:
458:
456:
452:
442:
438:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
306:
302:
292:
282:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:
232:
222:
218:
208:
198:
188:
187:Jiancha Yushi
184:
178:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:Zhang Jiazhen
118:
114:
110:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
64:
54:
51:
50:courtesy name
47:
41:
33:
25:
21:
849:
837:
825:
811:
792:
763:
759:
747:
726:
707:
702:
697:
681:
672:
662:September 1,
660:. Retrieved
656:the original
642:. Retrieved
638:the original
626:
622:
610:
579:
575:
561:
545:Crown Prince
538:
530:Wang Tingcou
523:
513:
459:
429:; and Ying (
389:
369:
349:Shijiazhuang
342:
304:
300:
288:
268:
256:
253:Hubu Shilang
252:
248:
244:
234:
230:
220:
216:
206:
196:
186:
179:
142:
106:
73:Tang dynasty
62:
52:
43:
19:
18:
474:Prefecture.
467:Du Yuanying
419:Zhangjiakou
345:Wu Yuanheng
315:Wu Shaoyang
113:Jin Dynasty
885:824 deaths
880:760 births
874:Categories
644:October 3,
631:, vol. 72.
508:Shi Siming
455:Zhu Kerong
257:Guanchashi
125:chancellor
103:Background
97:Zhu Kerong
81:chancellor
504:An Lushan
331:Wu Yuanji
319:Zhumadian
261:Sanmenxia
117:Zhang Hua
115:official
854:, vols.
844:vol. 127
832:vol. 129
816:vol. 242
797:vol. 241
768:vol. 240
752:vol. 127
733:vol. 239
684:, vols.
678:Dong Jin
615:vol. 129
451:Xue Song
437:Cangzhou
427:Xue Ping
396:Liu Zong
372:Han Hong
310:同中書門下平章事
301:de facto
275:Yuncheng
270:Jiedushi
183:Chang'an
712:vol. 83
567:"中央研究院"
548:Li Zhan
463:Cui Zhi
415:Tianjin
407:Baoding
376:Kaifeng
361:Taiyuan
327:Li Jifu
157:Shaanxi
149:Luoyang
93:Beijing
365:Shanxi
279:Shanxi
231:Bingbu
53:Yuanli
42::
40:pinyin
34::
26::
441:Hebei
423:Hebei
411:Hebei
380:Henan
353:Hebei
323:Henan
265:Henan
212:禮部員外郎
202:殿中侍御史
153:Xi'an
77:China
688:and
664:2008
646:2008
506:and
465:and
296:刑部尚書
240:中書舍人
226:兵部郎中
217:Libu
192:監察御史
864:242
860:241
856:239
690:145
686:146
489:張宗厚
446:盧士玫
337:李君何
281:).
219:);
168:令狐運
75:of
68:高平侯
36:張弘靖
28:张弘靖
876::
862:,
858:,
842:,
830:,
814:,
804:^
795:,
775:^
766:,
750:,
740:^
731:,
719:^
710:,
613:,
593:^
584:,
518:朱洄
502:,
483:韋雍
439:,
432:瀛州
421:,
409:,
402:幽州
394:,
378:,
363:,
351:,
321:,
277:,
263:,
174:穆員
162:杜亞
155:,
99:.
58:元理
38:;
30:;
866:.
846:.
834:.
818:.
799:.
770:.
754:.
735:.
714:.
666:.
648:.
617:.
588:.
569:.
399:(
334:(
307:(
237:(
223:(
209:(
199:(
189:(
65:(
55:(
22:(
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