1329:
1496:). When leaving his capital, he did not destroy his wealth and treasures, nor attempt to take them with him, instead leaving them behind saying "These things belong to the country, not to me." Cao Cao was greatly impressed by this, and sent a messenger to Zhang Lu asking him to surrender. Yan Pu's plan was successful, as Zhang Lu and his forces were warmly welcomed by Cao Cao. Cao Cao appointed Zhang Lu as General who Guards the South (
1546:, Zhang Lu is portrayed as strongly craving the title of King of Hanning, and attempting to aggressively expand his territory. In the novel, he attempts to invade Liu Zhang's Yi Province, only to be stopped. When Ma Chao left his service, he sent a servant Yang Bo (楊柏) along to spy on him. However, when Ma Chao joined Liu Bei, he killed Yang Bo.
356:
1490:), however, insisted on fighting and lead his army against the invading forces. He was soon killed in battle, and again Zhang Lu considered surrendering. His adviser Yan Pu, told him that surrendering so easily, they would have no position to negotiate from. Instead, Zhang Lu retreated to his fortress at Bazhong (
1385:, and take over his territory. However, having his own designs, Zhang Lu killed Zhang Xiu and took command of his troops and religious followers before he went off for the campaign against Hanzhong. He successfully managed to defeat Su Gu, and upon taking control of Hanzhong, renamed the region Hanning (
1398:
It is said that Zhang Lu's rule over his territory was for its time very humane and civilised. Roads were built throughout the territory with rest stops and foods provided free of charge. The taxes and donations taken from the people were not to be used for amusement, but instead for the support of
1472:
caused by Ma Chao's rebellion), cannot love another" and the marriage proposal was scrapped. Ma Chao then borrowed soldiers from Zhang Lu and attempted to regain some of his lost territory from Cao Cao, but was ultimately unsuccessful. His failures caused the relationship between the two to sour.
1467:
and subsequent battles. Although Cao Cao's forces emerged victorious against the
Guanzhong warlords, they were in no condition to continue attacking Hanzhong Commandery so they retreated. Ma Chao escaped to Hanzhong Commandery after his defeat and pledged allegiance to Zhang Lu, who considered
1425:, Zhang Lu received a jeweled seal from the common people of his realm, which was a sign from Heaven that he was to become a king. Many of his subordinates urged him to declare himself king, but his adviser Yan Pu (
1484:
In 215, Cao Cao again launched a campaign to conquer
Hanzhong Commandery. Initially, Zhang Lu had no hope of standing against Cao Cao's armies, and planned to surrender. His younger brother Zhang Wei (
1525:) by the Han imperial court. His sons continued to lead the "Five Pecks of Rice" Taoist Order, which later evolved into the one of the two major Taoist schools that survive to modern times known as
1395:
succeeded him many years later, Zhang Lu refused to follow Liu Zhang's orders. As a result, Liu Zhang ordered the execution of Zhang Lu's mother, younger brothers and many other family members.
1275:
1463:
region in between Cao Cao's territories and
Hanzhong Commandery, thought that Cao Cao wanted to attack them so they started a revolt against the Han central government, leading to the
1407:
could easily defeat him. The Han central government recognised Zhang Lu's authority over
Hanzhong Commandery and appointed him as General of the Household Who Guards Civilians (
1468:
marrying his daughter to him. However, a subordinate of Zhang Lu's, Yang Bo (楊柏), said, "A man like that, who has no love for even his parents (referring to the execution of
487:
1665:
1619:
1451:
head of the Han central government, to launch an invasion of
Hanzhong Commandery. Cao Cao heeded his advice and mobilised his forces. However, the warlords
1477:'s forces had surrounded Liu Zhang, Ma Chao chose this time to leave Hanzhong Commandery with his own followers and join Liu Bei. Ma Chao's subordinate
1650:
1344:), Zhang Lu inherited control of the Celestial Masters religious group, and therefore became its third leader (the first was Zhang Lu's grandfather
1675:
1197:
815:
1670:
1125:
1391:), ruling it by the principles of his religion. It is worth noting that although he nominally followed the orders of Liu Yan, when
1255:
1360:), but when Zhang Lu took control of the group, it was being challenged in the area by a shamanistic religion led by Zhang Xiu (
918:
1110:
1660:
1587:
1542:
1421:
1368:
1303:
1100:
800:
1655:
1560:
1105:
1095:
832:
1640:
430:
1217:
1565:
1464:
1222:
1155:
1399:
the common people. In addition, under his leadership was a powerful army and strong defences such that neither
790:
537:
1512:) over to Zhang Lu, Zhang Lu personally killed Ma Qiu – most likely as revenge against Ma Chao's desertion.
1503:
795:
763:
602:
505:
493:
218:
595:
542:
1337:
240:
1603:
547:
1341:
1404:
1248:
1059:
155:
1645:
1392:
1291:
134:
83:
1598:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1079:
1044:
482:
411:
1328:
778:
552:
404:
386:
370:
365:
1295:
1160:
1069:
1054:
1372:
1516:
1241:
1074:
845:
805:
751:
746:
741:
729:
652:
339:
328:
323:
295:
17:
1150:
1064:
1032:
999:
986:
966:
820:
1039:
1634:
1555:
1345:
1290:, was a Chinese politician, religious leader, and warlord who lived during the late
1284:
1227:
1177:
1167:
1004:
880:
773:
756:
736:
701:
468:
285:
976:
958:
870:
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687:
645:
584:
445:
417:
397:
319:
1502:) and enfeoffed his five sons as marquises. Zhang Lu also married his daughter to
981:
1332:
Map showing the major warlords of the Han dynasty in the 190s, including Zhang Lu
1614:
1570:
1526:
1349:
1115:
948:
943:
857:
673:
666:
590:
1431:) warned that to do so would bring disaster. Zhang Lu heeded Yan Pu's advice.
1367:
Against this background, both Zhang Lu and Zhang Xiu were abruptly ordered by
1187:
1130:
953:
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928:
875:
810:
607:
513:
1361:
1582:
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1357:
991:
971:
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890:
862:
694:
659:
1382:
1307:
1087:
1009:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1400:
1353:
1317:
1049:
1018:
938:
910:
900:
827:
715:
708:
638:
476:
438:
159:
93:
1299:
905:
885:
619:
577:
568:
561:
453:
347:
177:
1506:, one of Cao Cao's sons. When Cao Cao turned Ma Chao's son Ma Qiu (
852:
783:
680:
461:
424:
181:
613:
391:
355:
1106:
Way of the
Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters
499:
27:
Chinese official, warlord and religious leader (died 216)
1320:, whom he would serve until his death one year later.
1348:). The religion enjoyed its greatest popularity in
304:
294:
284:
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253:
233:
225:
at least three other sons and eight other daughters
187:
173:
165:
149:
144:
130:
99:
89:
79:
48:
32:
1515:Zhang Lu died in 216 and was honoured with the
1520:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1386:
1376:
1311:
1249:
8:
1620:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
1481:, however, remained in Zhang Lu's service.
1256:
1242:
334:
29:
1327:
346:
1381:), the Han-appointed administrator of
280:Politician, religious leader, warlord
1540:In the 14th-century historical novel
7:
1413:) and the Administrator of Hanning (
1316:) until 215, when he surrendered to
1310:region, which he had named Hanning (
1666:Political office-holders in Shaanxi
1364:, no family relation to Zhang Lu).
1198:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California)
49:General Who Guards the South (鎮南將軍)
816:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
25:
1302:religious order. He controlled a
1126:Chinese ritual mastery traditions
1651:Han dynasty government officials
354:
919:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove
100:Administrator of Hanning (漢寧太守)
1508:
1498:
1486:
1409:
1336:Upon the death of his father,
1294:. He was the third generation
1212:Institutions and organizations
1111:The Northern Celestial Masters
1:
1588:Records of the Three Kingdoms
1543:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1535:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
1422:Records of the Three Kingdoms
1101:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
801:Three Great Emperor-Officials
1676:Way of the Celestial Masters
1561:Way of the Celestial Masters
1096:Way of the Celestial Masters
1692:
1218:Chinese Taoist Association
317:
308:Marquis of Langzhong (閬中侯)
1566:List of Celestial Masters
1521:
1492:
1443:suggested to the warlord
1427:
1415:
1387:
1377:
1371:to go together to attack
1312:
1156:Sacred Mountains of China
538:Three Treasures (virtues)
312:
140:
104:
53:
44:
39:
18:Zhang Lu (Three Kingdoms)
1671:Taoist religious leaders
1459:, who were based in the
791:Queen Mother of the West
796:King Father of the East
764:Four heavenly ministers
1352:(covering present-day
1333:
1604:Book of the Later Han
1331:
266:Zhang Zheng (brother)
1661:Han dynasty warlords
1435:Surrender to Cao Cao
1419:). According to the
1060:Way of the Li Family
269:Zhang Yulan (sister)
1656:Han dynasty Taoists
1465:Battle of Tong Pass
1383:Hanzhong Commandery
1324:Warlord of Hanzhong
1292:Eastern Han dynasty
263:Zhang Kui (brother)
260:Zhang Wei (brother)
135:Emperor Xian of Han
84:Emperor Xian of Han
1641:2nd-century births
1334:
1193:Cebu Taoist Temple
1183:White Cloud Temple
1045:Way of the Taiping
1266:
1265:
1223:Celestial Masters
779:Tianhuang Emperor
387:Taoist philosophy
316:
315:
300:Marquis Yuan (原侯)
16:(Redirected from
1683:
1524:
1523:
1519:"Marquis Yuan" (
1517:posthumous title
1511:
1510:
1501:
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1495:
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1489:
1488:
1430:
1429:
1418:
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1389:
1380:
1379:
1315:
1314:
1296:Celestial Master
1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1161:Wudang Mountains
1070:Chongxuan School
1055:Shangqing School
603:Sexual practices
358:
335:
246:Lady Lu (mother)
145:Personal details
126:
124:
118:
116:
109:
75:
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30:
21:
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1690:
1686:
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1617:(5th century).
1601:(5th century).
1585:(3rd century).
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1233:
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1138:
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1075:Quanzhen School
1035:
1025:
1024:
1014:
996:
963:
915:
867:
848:
838:
837:
806:Eight Immortals
752:Lingbao Tianzun
747:Yuanshi Tianzun
742:Three Pure Ones
732:
722:
721:
633:
625:
624:
533:
525:
524:
488:Three Treasures
382:
333:
296:Posthumous name
272:
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154:
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105:
71:
69:
63:
61:
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35:
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1629:
1628:
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1596:
1578:
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1563:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1447:, who was the
1436:
1433:
1325:
1322:
1283:) (died 216),
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:Taoist priests
1225:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1151:Grotto-heavens
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1067:
1065:Lingbao School
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:Zhang Guoxiang
995:
994:
989:
987:Wang Chongyang
984:
979:
974:
969:
967:Cheng Xuanying
962:
961:
956:
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855:
849:
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840:
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836:
835:
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824:
823:
821:Yellow Emperor
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
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771:
761:
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754:
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739:
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684:
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531:
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458:
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77:
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51:
50:
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41:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1688:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1625:Sanguozhi zhu
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:Zhang Daoling
1554:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1505:
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1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
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1442:
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1424:
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1402:
1396:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:Zhang Daoling
1343:
1339:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:courtesy name
1279:
1277:pronunciation
1270:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1178:Taoist temple
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:Mount Penglai
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:Sacred places
1142:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:Zhang Sanfeng
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:Zhang Daoling
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
842:
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834:
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819:
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809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
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789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:Ziwei Emperor
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
762:
758:
757:Daode Tianzun
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
738:
737:Hongjun Laozu
735:
734:
731:
726:
725:
718:
717:
713:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
702:Qingjing Jing
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
683:
682:
678:
676:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
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636:
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629:
628:
621:
618:
616:
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611:
609:
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582:
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579:
575:
571:
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566:
564:
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559:
558:
556:
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551:
549:
546:
544:
543:Five Precepts
541:
539:
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529:
528:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:
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501:
498:
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471:
470:
466:
464:
463:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:
436:
434:(five phases)
433:
432:
428:
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419:
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286:Courtesy name
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268:
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214:
211:
208:
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202:
199:
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179:
176:
174:Resting place
172:
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133:
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108:
103:
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88:
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82:
78:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1624:
1618:
1615:Pei, Songzhi
1608:
1602:
1592:
1586:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1514:
1483:
1448:
1438:
1420:
1397:
1366:
1335:
1287:
1268:
1267:
1173:Mount Kunlun
1017:
977:Zhang Boduan
959:Tao Hongjing
895:
871:Heshang Gong
769:Jade Emperor
714:
707:
700:
693:
688:Sanhuangjing
686:
679:
672:
665:
658:
651:
646:Tao Te Ching
644:
637:
612:
594:
583:
576:
567:
560:
548:Ten Precepts
518:
514:
504:
492:
475:
467:
460:
457:(non-action)
452:
444:
437:
429:
418:Yin and yang
410:
403:
396:
327:
320:Chinese name
224:
215:Zhang Qiying
212:Zhang Mengde
106:
55:
1571:Zhengyi Dao
1527:Zhengyi Dao
1350:Yi Province
1116:Zhengyi Dao
1080:Dragon Gate
949:Kou Qianzhi
944:Bao Jingyan
858:Zhuang Zhou
667:Taipingjing
324:family name
290:Gongqi (公祺)
203:Zhang Sheng
197:Zhang Guang
156:Feng County
1646:216 deaths
1635:Categories
1583:Chen, Shou
1577:References
1338:Zhang Heng
1188:Louguantai
1131:Yao Taoism
954:Lu Xiujing
934:Wei Huacun
929:Sun Hanhua
876:Wei Boyang
620:Priesthood
553:Meditation
472:(immortal)
449:(reversal)
277:Occupation
241:Zhang Heng
200:Zhang Yong
90:Chancellor
1609:Houhanshu
1593:Sanguozhi
1461:Guanzhong
1441:Zhong Yao
1393:Liu Zhang
1358:Chongqing
1040:Huang–Lao
992:Qiu Chuji
982:Sun Bu'er
972:Chen Tuan
924:Guo Xiang
891:Zhang Jue
863:Lie Yukou
695:Huahujing
660:Huainanzi
532:Practices
483:True form
254:Relatives
107:In office
56:In office
1550:See also
1449:de facto
1439:In 211,
1308:Hanzhong
1269:Zhang Lu
1088:Wuliupai
1010:Zhu Quan
896:Zhang Lu
730:Theology
674:Xiang'er
653:Zhuangzi
557:Alchemy
381:Concepts
340:a series
338:Part of
318:In this
243:(father)
209:Zhang Ju
206:Zhang Yi
194:Zhang Fu
188:Children
34:Zhang Lu
1599:Fan, Ye
1479:Pang De
1475:Liu Bei
1470:Ma Teng
1457:Han Sui
1453:Ma Chao
1445:Cao Cao
1401:Cao Cao
1369:Liu Yan
1354:Sichuan
1318:Cao Cao
1306:in the
1050:Xuanxue
1033:Schools
1019:Fangshi
939:Ge Hong
911:Wang Bi
901:Ge Xuan
833:Li Hong
828:Guan Yu
811:Chang'e
716:Daozang
709:Baopuzi
639:I Ching
477:Zhenren
439:Bianhua
371:History
366:Outline
305:Peerage
234:Parents
221:'s wife
160:Jiangsu
153:Unknown
131:Monarch
121: (
113: (
94:Cao Cao
80:Monarch
70: (
62: (
1504:Cao Yu
1405:Li Jue
1300:Taoist
1288:Gongqi
906:He Yan
886:Gan Ji
846:People
578:Bugang
569:Waidan
562:Neidan
454:Wu wei
431:Wuxing
348:Taoism
322:, the
219:Cao Yu
178:Handan
1473:When
1410:鎮民中郎將
1373:Su Gu
1304:state
853:Laozi
784:Houtu
681:Liezi
632:Texts
462:Ziran
425:Bagua
412:Taiji
329:Zhang
182:Hebei
1499:鎮南將軍
1455:and
1416:漢寧太守
1403:nor
1356:and
1298:, a
614:Fulu
596:Bigu
591:Diet
517:and
506:Shen
494:Jing
469:Xian
405:Wuji
166:Died
150:Born
119:–215
68:–216
1533:In
608:Art
585:Chu
515:Hun
446:Fan
392:Tao
326:is
169:216
123:215
72:216
64:215
60:215
1637::
1627:).
1611:).
1595:).
1529:.
1522:原侯
1509:馬秋
1493:巴中
1487:張衛
1428:閻圃
1388:漢寧
1378:蘇固
1362:張脩
1342:张衡
1313:漢寧
519:po
500:Qi
398:De
342:on
180:,
158:,
40:張魯
1623:(
1607:(
1591:(
1375:(
1340:(
1271:(
1257:e
1250:t
1243:v
1082:)
599:)
593:(
332:.
125:)
117:)
115:?
111:?
74:)
66:)
20:)
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