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164:. It uses data from Alibaba's services to compile its score. Customers receive a score based on a variety of factors based on social media interactions and purchases carried out on Alibaba Group websites or paid for using its affiliate Ant Financial's Alipay mobile wallet. The rewards of having a high score include easier access to loans from Ant Financial and having a more trustworthy profile on e-commerce sites within the Alibaba Group. It has frequently been confused with the
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offline and online. The system is powered by "data from more than 300 million real-name registered users and 37 million small businesses that buy and sell on
Alibaba Group marketplaces". Due to Zhima Credit's close collaboration with the government, it also has access to all public documents, such as official identity and financial records.
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The five categories that Zhima Credit classifies its data into, have different weightings attached to them. Based on those, an algorithm determines a citizen's final citizen score, ranked among others. The scores in the ranking range from 350 (lowest trustworthiness) to 950 (highest trustworthiness).
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The specifications of the algorithm that determine the classification, as well as the analytical parameters and indicators remain confidential. It is unclear is whether data is structured to build in tolerances for errors, for example the likelihood of a unit of data being false or from an unreliable
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In one interview, Alibaba's technology director suggested that people who played too many video games might be considered less trustworthy. Various news outlets around the world incorrectly suggested that people could lose social credit for playing too many video games. No video game playing metric
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Zhima Credit emphasizes its strict privacy and data protection, ensured through encryption and segregation. The firm also states that data is only gathered upon knowledge and consent of the user. According to Ant
Financial, users’ scores can currently only be shared with their authorization or by
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The corporate network of Zhima Credit, led by the
Alibaba Group, spans over insurance, loan, historical payment, dating, shopping and mobility data. It collects data from all sources by utilizing the regulatory freedom it built from objects and social networks, public and private institutions and
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Following the release of Zhima Credit, there was significant media speculation that it might turn into a national social credit system by 2020. This did not occur. Zhima Credit and the other pilot initiatives were never linked to the broader financial system. Zhima Credit did not prove to be an
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mechanisms. It was an opt-in scoring initiative proposed to assess users' credit worthiness even if those users lacked formal credit history. It did not include standard industry metrics like income or debts, instead it assessed factors like user spending ability and whether users showed up for
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Ultimately Zhima Credit became a loyalty program that rewarded users for using
Alibaba services and shopping platforms. PBOC decided not to extend the credit licenses of the eight private pilot programs from 2015.
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Zhima Credit was introduced on 28 January 2015. to be the first credit agency in China to use a score system for individual users, using both online and offline information. It was developed when the
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In fact, Alibaba's Sesame Credit has become so ubiquitous that is often conflated with the Social Credit System and has strongly contributed to the notion that a unified scoring system exists.
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From 600 up, one can gain privileges, while lower scorers will revoke them. According to current plans, the final score and ranking will be publicly available.
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effective credit evaluation mechanism because the data showed no statistically significant link between its metrics and a user's ability to repay loans.
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mechanisms, they had little connection to the idea of social credit more broadly. Zhima Credit was one of the pilot
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In 2015, Zhima Credit published information on the methodology behind its currently running beta version.
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lifted the restrictions and let non-bank institutes conduct personal credit information operations.
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502:"Central Planning, Local Experiments: The complex implementation of China's Social Credit System"
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346:"China might use data to create a score for each citizen based on how trustworthy they are"
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In 2015, the PBOC designated eight private companies to pilot personal credit reporting (
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are building blocks for the system. Data fragments are classified into five categories:
555:"China's Social Credit System in 2021: From fragmentation towards integration | Merics"
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Who Can You Trust? How
Technology Brought Us Together – and Why It Could Drive Us Apart
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Interpersonal
Relationships: Reflect the online characteristics of a users’ friends
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Personal
Characteristics: Examine the extent and accuracy of personal information
191:, a Chinese matchmaking company, uses Zhima Credit data as part of its service.
428:"Ant Financial Unveils China's First Credit-Scoring System Using Online Data"
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Fulfillment
Capacity: Shows users’ ability to fulfill contract obligations
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Credit
History: Reflects users’ past payment history and level of debt
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Ohlberg, Mareike; Ahmed, Shazeda; Lan, Bertram (12 December 2017).
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Social Credit: The
Warring States of China's Emerging Data Empire
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For the proposed Chinese government social rating system, see
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Behavior and Preferences: Reveal users’ online behavior
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Zhima Credit's scoring system is roughly modeled after
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387:"How the West Got China's Social Credit System Wrong"
477:"China 'social credit': Beijing sets up huge system"
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206:scoring in the United States and
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430:. Ant Financial. 28 January 2015
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372:"China through a glass, darkly"
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16:Chinese credit scoring program
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374:. 24 December 2017.
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486:2015-12-23
455:CHINADAILY
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189:Baihe.com
158:Ant Group
43:Formation
515:16 March
481:BBC News
320:See also
301:zhengxin
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261:source.
79:Services
61:Location
326:Tencent
172:History
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505:(PDF)
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184:Usage
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517:2018
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132:芝麻信用
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