219:
776:
838:"In the beginning, there was t'ai chi (taiji) (the great ultimate of being), which was fundamentally identical with wu chi (wuji) (the ultimate of non-being). Because of the abundance of energy within t'ai chi, it began to move and thus produced the yang (the positive cosmic force). When the activity of the yang reached its limit, it reverted to tranquility. Through tranquility the yin (the negative cosmic force) was generated. When tranquility reached its limit, it returned to movement (yang). Thus yin and yang generated each other. Then, through the union of the yin and the yang the transformation of both, the
975:
768:
1505:
892:) was a reinterpretation of the Confucian doctrines. It was the basis for ethics in neo-Confucianism. It stated that the sage is a superior man who acts in accordance with the principles of propriety, humanity, righteousness, wisdom, faithfulness, tranquility and sincerity. Sincerity being the basis for moral nature, it can be used to distinguish between good and evil and to perfect oneself.
914:
25:
842:(or elements) of metal, wood, water, fire and earth were brought into being. These five agents are conceived of as material principles rather than as concrete things. They can therefore be considered the common basis of all things. The interaction of the yin and yang through different combinations of the five agents generates all things in a process of endless transformation."
997:. The Cheng brothers studied under Zhou Dunyi only for a short time when they were younger. The brothers moved on to establish the Cheng-Zhu School, which dominated Chinese philosophy for over 700 years. Zhou Dunyi is considered the founding father of that school although there are no references in the Cheng brothers' writings to his contributions.
133:
823:) with Daoist naturalism. He developed a metaphysics based on the idea that "the many are ultimately one and the one is ultimate." This was the first 11th-century Chinese text to argue for the inseparability of metaphysics or cosmology and ethics, as well as the first major Chinese text to explore the concept of the
895:
It spoke of principle, nature, and destiny together, which became three cardinal concepts of
Confucian thought. He had a Daoist perspective toward nature. There are stories of Zhou Dunyi loving his grass so much that he would not cut it, reinforcing the concept that humans should appreciate life in
639:). Some of the positions that he held were district record keeper (1040), magistrate in various districts (1046–1054), prefectural staff supervisor, and professor of the directorate of education and assistant prefect (1061–1064). He resigned from his last post one year before he died. He died near
1007:
Though he never had much influence during his lifetime, he was remembered as warm, humane, and kin with the natural world. Many
Confucians believed that he embodied the virtue of "authenticity". He had great insight into the Way of Heaven. The first major popularization of the
632:
His father died when he was fourteen and he was taken in by his uncle Zheng Xiang. He received his first posting in government through his uncle. Although very active in his civil service career, he never did achieve a high position or get the "Presented
Scholar" degree
846:
Zhou Dunyi postulated that human beings receive all these qualities and forces in their higher excellence and, hence, are the most intelligent of all creatures. He also believed that the five agents corresponded directly to the five moral principles of
1004:, who was considered one of the greatest Confucian thinkers since Confucius himself. Zhu Xi was known to have said that Zhou Dunyi was the first great sage of the Song dynasty, particularly for his emphasis on the concept of Wuji.
896:
nature and the importance of non-action. Zhou Dunyi is known to have said that the best quality of life is that of a pure lotus growing out of dirty waters, where the lotus is the natural equivalent of the
218:
775:
1070:
1012:
symbol is also credited to Zhou Dunyi; this symbol (in an altered form) is now known worldwide as the commonly accepted symbol for the
Chinese concepts of yin and yang.
1536:
1324:
2437:
1750:
3932:
2206:
1385:
567:
cosmology of the day, explaining the relationship between human conduct and universal forces. In this way, he emphasizes that humans can master their
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2017:
1909:
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1651:
1415:
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108:
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651:
for a name he adopted in his retirement that honored the Lian stream near his home. He was nicknamed the "Poor Zen Fellow" by
3937:
1373:
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232:
46:
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2179:
1477:
1368:
635:
246:
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89:
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1677:
1346:
1310:
61:
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2423:
2138:
1669:
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42:
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68:
35:
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2001:
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1115:
834:
It contained his theory of creation, which can be summarized in the following paraphrase of its first section:
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1277:"Zhou Dunyi." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Oct. 2008
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519:
2492:
989:
Zhou Dunyi had two students who made major contributions to
Confucianism: his nephews
767:
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2626:
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2399:
2278:
2253:
2087:
2038:
1887:
1779:
1734:
1729:
1601:
1333:
586:
577:, who was the architect of Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi was mainly concerned with
560:
510:
472:
403:
343:
276:
3431:
1117:
Men of
Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907-1911
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2736:
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2233:
2195:
2184:
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1893:
1797:
1724:
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913:
556:
552:
24:
3601:
3571:
3546:
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3496:
3466:
3436:
3421:
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3340:
3335:
3330:
3118:
3108:
3088:
2968:
2958:
2845:
2820:
2681:
2676:
2631:
2601:
2189:
2146:
2044:
2007:
1977:
1971:
1948:
1930:
1839:
1803:
602:
1165:"The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage"
1142:"The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage"
900:. He is known for pulling many ideas from Daoism, Buddhism and Confucianism.
3878:
3811:
3586:
3511:
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3441:
3416:
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2214:
2123:
2068:
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1983:
1851:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1815:
1739:
1702:
1692:
994:
749:
745:
727:
1278:
3699:
3675:
3516:
3481:
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3355:
3325:
3305:
3280:
3275:
3227:
3098:
3032:
2938:
2898:
2800:
2780:
2721:
2686:
2596:
2375:
2363:
2344:
2268:
2157:
2117:
1989:
1965:
1942:
1899:
1881:
1707:
828:
741:
640:
610:
813:
and Lü Zuqian in 1175. He fused
Confucian ethics and concepts from the
3476:
3461:
3320:
3187:
3103:
3083:
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2963:
2948:
2933:
2918:
2908:
2855:
2840:
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2641:
2636:
2611:
2548:
2540:
2381:
2369:
2258:
2013:
1791:
1785:
1712:
1697:
1420:
1400:
1188:
1164:
1009:
824:
707:
697:
644:
573:("spirit") in order to accord with nature. He was a major influence to
1302:
1228:
Reconstructing the
Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi
378:
375:
132:
3855:
3763:
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3123:
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2415:
1995:
1936:
1918:
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1863:
1809:
1175:(3). Cambridge University Press, Association for Asian Studies: 571.
1001:
810:
574:
1180:
1291:
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2701:
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2646:
2621:
2056:
2026:
973:
897:
774:
766:
614:
690:
In 1452 the title of 'Wujing Boshi' was bestowed upon Meng Xiwen
3751:
3661:
2746:
2671:
2111:
1223:, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (NY: Columbia University Press, 1999), ch. 20.
2419:
1306:
3641:
1263:
Gedalecia, D (1974). "Excursion Into
Substance and Function."
907:
779:
Zhou Dunyi admiring lotuses by Kaihō Yūsetsu, mid-17th century
18:
716:, the 12th generation offspring of Zhou Dunyi, on Chen Keren
625:
in 1063 to avoid a character in the personal name of the new
647:
province in 1073. After his death, Zhou was commonly called
3705:
569:
801:) was placed at the head of the neo-Confucian anthology
667:
Zhou Dunyi's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (
16:
Chinese cosmologist, philosopher and writer (1017–1073)
1217:"Zhou Dunyi: The Metaphysics and Practice of Sagehood"
1071:"P.494-5. Present Day Political Organization of China"
1230:, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2014).
682:
491:
477:
422:
408:
348:
295:
281:
3828:
3634:
3394:
3256:
3147:
3051:
2982:
2869:
2760:
2587:
2578:
2453:
2337:
2205:
2137:
1958:
1772:
1664:
1617:
1582:
1512:
1341:
795:
Explanations of the
Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate
485:
471:
464:
459:
441:
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416:
402:
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335:
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312:
307:
289:
275:
268:
263:
245:
231:
207:
187:
177:
167:
155:
147:
139:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
710:; in 1456-1457 the same was bestowed on Zhou Mian
1219:. In Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, eds.,
1043:H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013).
655:and posthumously honored as the "Duke of Yuan" (
1120:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 132.
836:
748:received the title and in 1630 an offspring of
734:), in 1539 the same was awarded to Zeng Zhicui
985:1900, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
2431:
1318:
1097:"Present day political organization of China"
788:
735:
717:
711:
701:
691:
674:
668:
447:
373:
318:
251:
237:
8:
1751:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
1254:Chen, Keming and Weng, Jindun "Zhou Dunyi".
1237:. Massachusetts, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
1046:Present Day Political Organization of China
942:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2584:
2438:
2424:
2416:
2334:
1769:
1579:
1325:
1311:
1303:
621:. Raised by a scholar-official family, he
456:
387:
327:
260:
204:
120:
962:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1251:. New York, Columbia University Press.
1035:
799:Diagram Explaining the Supreme Ultimate
722:, the 17th generation offspring of the
543:
2319:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
2244:Endless power transmitting chain drive
7:
1242:Transformations of the Confucian Way
1000:Zhou Dunyi was a major influence on
940:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1297:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1274:, 1st ed. London, RoutledgeCurzon.
740:, the 60th generation offspring of
706:, the 59th generation offspring of
696:, the 56th generation offspring of
223:Bronze statue of Zhou Dunyi at the
14:
3933:11th-century Chinese philosophers
1503:
912:
217:
159:Cosmologist, philosopher, writer
131:
23:
1235:A Companion to the Philosophers
34:needs additional citations for
1745:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
534:
492:
478:
448:
423:
409:
374:
349:
319:
296:
282:
252:
238:
1:
2180:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1260:(Philosophy Edition), 1st ed.
1249:Neo-Confucian Terms Explained
982:
807:Reflections on Things at Hand
1272:Encyclopedia of Confucianism
1221:Sources of Chinese Tradition
1169:The Journal of Asian Studies
1146:The Journal of Asian Studies
1049:. Routledge. pp. 494–.
617:, Zhou was originally named
1592:Department of State Affairs
1244:. Boulder, Westview Press.
1201:Arrington, 1999, p. 46
683:
585:(limitless potential), the
551:; 1017–1073) was a Chinese
3984:
2568:Hundred Schools of Thought
1554:Bureau of Military Affairs
1163:Wilson, Thomas A. (1996).
744:; in 1622 an offspring of
508:
3963:Song dynasty philosophers
1501:
1426:Alliance Conducted at Sea
1416:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
1247:Chan, Wing-tsit (1986).
1023:Vase with Poet Zhou Dunyi
978:As depicted in the album
789:
771:The Taijitu of Zhou Dunyi
736:
718:
712:
702:
692:
675:
669:
503:
455:
386:
326:
259:
225:White Deer Grotto Academy
216:
212:
199:
163:
130:
1757:Four Great Books of Song
1265:Philosophy East and West
563:. He conceptualized the
559:, and writer during the
233:Traditional Chinese
3953:Philosophers from Hunan
2563:Nine Schools of Thought
1608:Secretariat-Chancellery
1233:Arrington, R. (1999).
1114:Chang Woei Ong (2008).
980:Portraits of Famous Men
581:(supreme polarity) and
247:Simplified Chinese
3958:Song dynasty essayists
3943:Neo-Confucian scholars
3866:State consequentialism
2239:Early Bessemer process
2207:Science and technology
1406:Nong Zhigao rebellions
1270:Yao Xinzhong (2003).
1240:Berthrong, J (1998).
1152:(3): 571. August 1996.
986:
883:The All-Embracing Book
844:
780:
772:
3938:Chinese Confucianists
2883:Northern and Southern
1627:Ministry of Personnel
1532:Imperial examinations
1257:Encyclopedia of China
977:
778:
770:
3948:People from Yongzhou
1763:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
1537:Administrative units
1411:Song–Tibet relations
1386:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
936:improve this section
43:improve this article
2513:School of Diplomacy
2313:Forensic entomology
2274:Watertight bulkhead
2153:Joint-stock company
1647:Ministry of Justice
1632:Ministry of Revenue
1542:Sixteen Prefectures
1279:Britannica Academic
1226:Adler, Joseph A. ''
700:and upon Yan Xihui
593:(the five phases).
3968:Writers from Hunan
2447:Chinese philosophy
2249:Astronomical clock
1456:Treaty of Shaoxing
1267:. vol. 4, 443–451.
987:
781:
773:
607:Daozhou prefecture
182:Chinese Philosophy
3910:
3909:
3758:Mandate of Heaven
3630:
3629:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2328:Dream Pool Essays
2220:Gunpowder weapons
2133:
2132:
1660:
1659:
1652:Ministry of Works
1637:Ministry of Rites
1584:Three Departments
1421:Fang La rebellion
1401:Wang Ze rebellion
1215:Adler, Joseph A.
1127:978-0-674-03170-8
1077:on April 25, 2016
1056:978-1-135-79795-9
972:
971:
964:
887:Penetrating the '
855:(righteousness),
609:, in present-day
507:
506:
499:
498:
466:Standard Mandarin
430:
429:
397:Standard Mandarin
356:
355:
337:Standard Mandarin
303:
302:
270:Standard Mandarin
203:
202:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3975:
3787:Self-cultivation
3692:Neo-Confucianism
3427:Chung-ying Cheng
2585:
2486:New Confucianism
2481:Neo-Confucianism
2440:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2359:
2356:
2335:
2083:
2082: 1174–1189
2080:
2022:
2021: 1050–1080
2019:
1914:
1913: 1111–1117
1911:
1770:
1720:Longquan celadon
1688:Five Great Kilns
1580:
1507:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1073:. Archived from
1067:
1061:
1060:
1040:
984:
967:
960:
956:
953:
947:
916:
908:
867:(faithfulness).
792:
791:
739:
738:
721:
720:
715:
714:
705:
704:
695:
694:
686:
680:
679:
672:
671:
627:Emperor Yingzong
623:changed his name
601:Born in 1017 in
549:
536:
495:
494:
481:
480:
457:
451:
450:
426:
425:
412:
411:
388:
382:
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352:
351:
328:
322:
321:
299:
298:
285:
284:
261:
255:
254:
241:
240:
221:
205:
194:Neo-Confucianism
172:Neo-Confucianism
135:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3824:
3725:Three teachings
3626:
3577:Tsang Lap Chuen
3390:
3252:
3161:
3143:
3059:
3055:
3047:
2996:
2978:
2887:
2881:
2865:
2774:
2756:
2574:
2572:
2518:School of Names
2461:Agriculturalism
2449:
2444:
2414:
2405:
2357:
2333:
2289:Horner's method
2201:
2129:
2081:
2033:Emperor Huizong
2020:
1954:
1912:
1768:
1656:
1642:Ministry of War
1613:
1578:
1508:
1499:
1478:Mongol conquest
1396:Chanyuan Treaty
1356:Chenqiao mutiny
1337:
1331:
1294:article in the
1288:
1283:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1181:10.2307/2646446
1162:
1161:
1157:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1018:
968:
957:
951:
948:
933:
917:
906:
889:Book of Changes
875:
816:Book of Changes
765:
758:
665:
599:
524:
436:Posthumous name
227:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3981:
3979:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3895:Metaphilosophy
3892:
3887:
3882:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3703:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3507:Lee Shui-chuen
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3376:Zhang Xuecheng
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:Wang Chongyang
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3053:Five Dynasties
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2876:
2874:Three Kingdoms
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2358: 10th c.
2348:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2226:Wujing Zongyao
2222:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1876:Huang Tingjian
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1619:Six Ministries
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1559:Qingli Reforms
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1379:Gaoliang River
1376:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1287:
1286:External links
1284:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1155:
1133:
1126:
1106:
1088:
1062:
1055:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1014:
970:
969:
920:
918:
911:
905:
902:
874:
869:
863:(wisdom), and
764:
759:
757:
754:
724:Cheng brothers
664:
661:
603:Yingdao County
598:
595:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
489:
483:
482:
475:
469:
468:
462:
461:
460:Transcriptions
453:
452:
445:
439:
438:
432:
431:
428:
427:
420:
414:
413:
406:
400:
399:
393:
392:
391:Transcriptions
384:
383:
371:
365:
364:
358:
357:
354:
353:
346:
340:
339:
333:
332:
331:Transcriptions
324:
323:
316:
310:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
293:
287:
286:
279:
273:
272:
266:
265:
264:Transcriptions
257:
256:
249:
243:
242:
235:
229:
228:
222:
214:
213:
210:
209:
201:
200:
197:
196:
191:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
128:
127:
124:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3980:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Zhang Dongsun
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Liang Shuming
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Wang Yangming
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Dongfang Shuo
2789:
2787:
2786:Dong Zhongshu
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2305:Yingzao Fashi
2302:
2300:
2299:Liaodi Pagoda
2297:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Tianchi basin
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2106:Zhao Mengjian
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:Wuzhun Shifan
2092:
2089:
2086:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1574:Three Bureaus
1572:
1570:
1569:Baojia system
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1494:
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952:December 2021
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921:This section
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785:Taiji Tu Shuo
777:
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565:Neo-Confucian
562:
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532:
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521:
516:
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493:Chou Lien-hsi
490:
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362:Courtesy name
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151:1073 (age 56)
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99:December 2021
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3890:Epistemology
3877:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3799:Yin and yang
3791:
3782:Human nature
3774:
3770:Filial piety
3762:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3717:
3710:
3698:
3687:Confucianism
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3617:Zhou Guoping
3612:Zhang Shenfu
3597:Yin Haiguang
3592:Yang Changji
3537:Liu Xiaofeng
3522:Liang Qichao
3407:Carsun Chang
3395:20th century
3381:Zhuang Cunyu
3311:Hong Liangji
3271:Chen Menglei
3266:Chen Hongmou
3248:Zhan Ruoshui
3208:Liu Zongzhou
3178:Hong Zicheng
3173:Huang Zongxi
3133:
3079:Fan Zhongyan
3057:Ten Kingdoms
3043:Linji Yixuan
3038:Liu Zongyuan
2627:Gongsun Long
2589:Eastern Zhou
2580:Philosophers
2558:
2554:Mixed School
2539:
2532:
2476:Han learning
2471:Confucianism
2400:Guo Shoujing
2326:
2317:
2303:
2294:Architecture
2279:Fishing reel
2254:Movable type
2224:
2194:
2088:Zhou Jichang
2039:Zhang Zeduan
1888:Zhou Bangyan
1827:
1780:Fan Zhongyan
1761:
1749:
1735:Yaozhou ware
1730:Qingbai ware
1564:New Policies
1369:Southern Han
1360:Unification
1334:Song dynasty
1295:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
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1220:
1197:
1172:
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1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1065:
1045:
1038:
1021:
1006:
999:
988:
979:
958:
949:
934:Please help
922:
898:noble person
894:
886:
882:
878:
876:
871:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:(humanity),
848:
845:
837:
833:
820:
814:
806:
802:
798:
794:
784:
782:
761:
689:
684:Wǔjīng Bóshì
666:
656:
648:
634:
631:
618:
600:
587:yin and yang
568:
561:Song dynasty
545:
544:
542:
526:
525:
518:
511:Chinese name
473:Hanyu Pinyin
404:Hanyu Pinyin
344:Hanyu Pinyin
277:Hanyu Pinyin
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Zhou Dunyi"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3928:1073 deaths
3923:1017 births
3861:Role ethics
3846:Metaphysics
3622:Zhou Zuoren
3582:Xiong Shili
3567:Tang Chun-i
3562:Sun Yat-sen
3557:Qiu Renzong
3552:Mou Zongsan
3502:Kang Youwei
3447:Feng Youlan
3412:P. C. Chang
3402:Cai Yuanpei
3386:Zeng Guofan
3371:Yu Zhengxie
3301:Gong Zizhen
3296:Feng Guifen
3286:Fang Lanfen
3218:Qian Dehong
3018:Zhang Zhihe
2954:Xiahou Xuan
2894:Bao Jingyan
2737:Zhuang Zhou
2402:(1231–1316)
2396:(1202–1261)
2394:Qin Jiushao
2390:(1192-1279)
2384:(1186–1249)
2378:(1031–1095)
2372:(1020–1101)
2366:(1010–1070)
2351:Zhang Sixun
2196:Zhu Fan Zhi
2185:Champa rice
2149:(1021–1086)
2126:(1235–1305)
2120:(1222–1307)
2114:(1210–1269)
2108:(1199–1295)
2102:(1190–1230)
2096:(1178–1249)
2075:Lin Tinggui
2071:(1140–1210)
2065:(1120–1182)
2059:(1100–1197)
2053:(1096–1119)
2051:Wang Ximeng
2047:(1094-1172)
2041:(1085–1145)
2035:(1082–1135)
2029:(1051–1107)
2010:(1049–1106)
2004:(1036–1093)
1998:(1020–1090)
1992:(1019–1079)
1986:(1000–1064)
1951:(1170–1231)
1945:(1140–1207)
1939:(1130–1200)
1933:(1127–1206)
1927:(1126–1193)
1925:Fan Chengda
1921:(1125–1209)
1902:(1085–1144)
1896:(1084–1155)
1894:Li Qingzhao
1890:(1056–1121)
1884:(1047–1126)
1878:(1045–1105)
1872:(1039–1112)
1866:(1037–1101)
1860:(1033–1107)
1854:(1032–1085)
1848:(1022–1077)
1842:(1019–1086)
1836:(1019–1083)
1830:(1017–1073)
1824:(1012–1067)
1818:(1011–1077)
1812:(1009–1066)
1806:(1007–1072)
1800:(1002–1060)
1798:Mei Yaochen
1725:Cizhou ware
1602:Chancellery
1597:Secretariat
1525:Family tree
1483:Diaoyucheng
1101:Archive.org
840:five agents
663:Descendants
659:) in 1200.
649:Zhou Lianxi
619:Zhou Dunshi
613:, southern
557:philosopher
553:cosmologist
515:family name
479:Zhōu Liánxī
350:Zhōu Dūnshí
3917:Categories
3900:Legitimacy
3602:Yu Dunkang
3572:Tang Yijie
3547:Mao Zedong
3532:Lin Yutang
3497:Jin Yuelin
3492:Jiang Qing
3467:He Guanghu
3437:Chu Anping
3422:Chen Duxiu
3351:Wang Fuzhi
3341:Tan Sitong
3336:Pan Pingge
3331:Liu Yiming
3213:Luo Rufang
3134:Zhou Dunyi
3119:Wang Chuyi
3109:Wang Anshi
3089:Lu Jiuyuan
2969:Yan Zhitui
2959:Xie Daoyun
2861:Yang Xiong
2846:Wang Chong
2821:Kong Anguo
2682:Shen Buhai
2677:Shang Yang
2632:Guan Zhong
2602:Chunyu Kun
2523:Naturalism
2347:(972–1051)
2264:Pound lock
2190:Nanhai One
2147:Wang Anshi
2045:Su Hanchen
2008:Li Gonglin
1978:Zhao Chang
1974:(970–1053)
1972:Xu Daoning
1968:(960–1030)
1949:Zhao Rukuo
1931:Yang Wanli
1840:Sima Guang
1828:Zhou Dunyi
1804:Ouyang Xiu
1794:(998–1061)
1788:(991–1055)
1782:(989–1052)
1513:Government
1292:Zhou Dunyi
1030:References
589:, and the
546:Chou Tun-i
539:Wade–Giles
527:Zhou Dunyi
487:Wade–Giles
418:Wade–Giles
308:Birth name
297:Chou Tun-i
291:Wade–Giles
283:Zhōu Dūnyí
208:Zhou Dunyi
125:Zhou Dunyi
69:newspapers
3879:Shan shui
3812:Zhengming
3587:Xu Fuguan
3512:Li Shicen
3487:Ray Huang
3472:Hu Qiaomu
3442:Fang Keli
3432:Ch'ien Mu
3417:Chen Daqi
3346:Tang Zhen
3291:Fang Quan
3203:Liu Bowen
3193:Lai Zhide
3183:Jiao Hong
3168:Chen Jiru
3129:Zhang Zai
3094:Shao Yong
3069:Cheng Hao
3013:Wang Tong
2914:Guo Xiang
2836:Liu Xiang
2816:Jing Fang
2727:Yuan Xian
2707:Ximen Bao
2662:Lie Yukou
2617:Duanmu Ci
2607:Confucius
2493:Huang–Lao
2338:Inventors
2215:Gunpowder
2124:Qian Xuan
2090:(12th c.)
2069:Liang Kai
2063:Zhao Boju
2002:Wang Shen
1984:Yi Yuanji
1980:(10th c.)
1852:Cheng Hao
1846:Zhang Zai
1834:Zeng Gong
1822:Cai Xiang
1816:Shao Yong
1740:Jian ware
1703:Guan ware
1693:Ding ware
1488:Xiangyang
1364:Later Shu
1081:April 17,
995:Cheng Hao
923:does not
831:symbol".
750:Shao Yong
746:Zhang Zai
728:Cheng Hao
3873:Ink wash
3851:Politics
3841:Theology
3700:Ming yun
3676:Jing zuo
3635:Concepts
3517:Li Zehou
3482:Hua Gang
3452:Gan Yang
3361:Yan Yuan
3356:Wei Yuan
3326:Lin Zexu
3306:Gu Yanwu
3281:Fang Bao
3276:Dai Zhen
3238:Wu Cheng
3228:Wang Gen
3099:Shen Kuo
3074:Cheng Yi
3033:Liu Yuxi
2939:Sengzhao
2899:Fan Zhen
2801:Huan Tan
2781:Ban Zhao
2732:Zhang Yi
2722:Yang Zhu
2687:Shen Dao
2597:Bu Shang
2498:Legalism
2466:Buddhism
2376:Shen Kuo
2364:Jia Xian
2345:Bi Sheng
2269:Dry dock
2158:Banknote
2118:Gong Kai
1990:Wen Tong
1966:Fan Kuan
1959:Painters
1943:Xin Qiji
1900:Zhu Bian
1882:Cai Jing
1858:Cheng Yi
1708:Jun ware
1678:Religion
1549:Military
1520:Emperors
1451:Yancheng
1436:Jingkang
1347:Timeline
1016:See also
991:Cheng Yi
879:Tong Shu
872:Tong Shu
829:yin-yang
756:Writings
742:Zeng Can
732:Cheng Yi
657:Yuangong
653:Cheng Yi
641:Mount Lu
611:Yongzhou
509:In this
3885:Society
3662:Jian'ai
3477:Hu Shih
3462:Gu Zhun
3321:Ma Qixi
3223:Wang Ji
3188:Jiao Yu
3104:Su Song
3084:Hu Hong
2974:Zhi Dun
2964:Xun Can
2949:Wang Bi
2944:Wang Su
2934:Ji Kang
2929:Huiyuan
2919:Fu Xuan
2909:Ge Hong
2856:Xun Yue
2851:Wang Fu
2841:Ma Rong
2811:Jia Kui
2752:Zou Yan
2712:Xu Xing
2697:Sun Tzu
2667:Mencius
2642:Hui Shi
2637:Han Fei
2612:Deng Xi
2549:Yangism
2541:Xuanxue
2508:Marxism
2454:Schools
2382:Song Ci
2370:Su Song
2259:Compass
2139:Economy
2100:Li Song
2014:Cui Bai
1792:Song Qi
1786:Yan Shu
1773:Writers
1713:Ru ware
1698:Ge ware
1670:Society
1666:Culture
1471:Caizhou
1461:Tangdao
1343:History
1209:Sources
1189:2646446
1010:taijitu
944:removed
929:sources
825:taijitu
821:I Ching
803:Jinsilu
708:Yan Hui
645:Jiangxi
591:wu xing
531:Chinese
443:Chinese
424:Mao-shu
369:Chinese
314:Chinese
83:scholar
3856:Ethics
3829:Topics
3764:Wu wei
3542:Lu Xun
3366:Yu Yue
3316:Ji Yun
3198:Li Zhi
3139:Zhu Xi
3124:Ye Shi
3023:Han Yu
3008:Jizang
2924:He Yan
2904:Fan Ye
2831:Lu Jia
2826:Liu An
2806:Jia Yi
2796:Dou Wu
2742:Zichan
2692:Su Qin
2652:Li Kui
2534:Daoxue
2528:Taoism
2503:Mohism
2168:Guanzi
2163:Jiaozi
1996:Guo Xi
1937:Zhu Xi
1919:Lu You
1906:Zhu Yu
1870:Su Zhe
1864:Su Shi
1810:Su Xun
1683:Poetry
1466:Caishi
1336:topics
1187:
1124:
1053:
1002:Zhu Xi
904:School
811:Zhu Xi
698:Mengzi
636:jinshi
575:Zhu Xi
541::
533::
513:, the
410:Màoshū
189:School
178:Region
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3836:Logic
3819:Ziran
3457:Gu Su
3243:Xu Ai
3028:Li Ao
3003:Fu Yi
2717:Xunzi
2702:Wu Qi
2657:Li Si
2647:Laozi
2622:Gaozi
2388:Li Ye
2173:Huizi
2057:Li Di
2027:Mi Fu
1493:Yamen
1446:De'an
1185:JSTOR
809:) by
615:Hunan
579:Taiji
90:JSTOR
76:books
3805:Yong
3752:Tian
3731:Shen
3712:Qing
3669:Jing
3258:Qing
3157:Ming
3152:Yuan
3061:Song
2992:Tang
2747:Zisi
2672:Mozi
2234:Coke
2112:Muqi
1668:and
1122:ISBN
1083:2016
1051:ISBN
993:and
927:any
925:cite
877:The
827:or "
790:太極圖說
783:The
730:and
677:五經博士
670:五经博士
597:Life
583:Wuji
520:Zhou
148:Died
143:1017
140:Born
62:news
3776:Xin
3719:Ren
3642:Tao
2987:Sui
2879:Jin
2770:Han
2765:Qin
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2079:fl.
2018:fl.
1910:fl.
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938:by
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253:周敦颐
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