230:
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849:"In the beginning, there was t'ai chi (taiji) (the great ultimate of being), which was fundamentally identical with wu chi (wuji) (the ultimate of non-being). Because of the abundance of energy within t'ai chi, it began to move and thus produced the yang (the positive cosmic force). When the activity of the yang reached its limit, it reverted to tranquility. Through tranquility the yin (the negative cosmic force) was generated. When tranquility reached its limit, it returned to movement (yang). Thus yin and yang generated each other. Then, through the union of the yin and the yang the transformation of both, the
986:
779:
1516:
903:) was a reinterpretation of the Confucian doctrines. It was the basis for ethics in neo-Confucianism. It stated that the sage is a superior man who acts in accordance with the principles of propriety, humanity, righteousness, wisdom, faithfulness, tranquility and sincerity. Sincerity being the basis for moral nature, it can be used to distinguish between good and evil and to perfect oneself.
925:
36:
853:(or elements) of metal, wood, water, fire and earth were brought into being. These five agents are conceived of as material principles rather than as concrete things. They can therefore be considered the common basis of all things. The interaction of the yin and yang through different combinations of the five agents generates all things in a process of endless transformation."
1008:. The Cheng brothers studied under Zhou Dunyi only for a short time when they were younger. The brothers moved on to establish the Cheng-Zhu School, which dominated Chinese philosophy for over 700 years. Zhou Dunyi is considered the founding father of that school although there are no references in the Cheng brothers' writings to his contributions.
144:
834:) with Daoist naturalism. He developed a metaphysics based on the idea that "the many are ultimately one and the one is ultimate." This was the first 11th-century Chinese text to argue for the inseparability of metaphysics or cosmology and ethics, as well as the first major Chinese text to explore the concept of the
906:
It spoke of principle, nature, and destiny together, which became three cardinal concepts of
Confucian thought. He had a Daoist perspective toward nature. There are stories of Zhou Dunyi loving his grass so much that he would not cut it, reinforcing the concept that humans should appreciate life in
650:). Some of the positions that he held were district record keeper (1040), magistrate in various districts (1046–1054), prefectural staff supervisor, and professor of the directorate of education and assistant prefect (1061–1064). He resigned from his last post one year before he died. He died near
1018:
Though he never had much influence during his lifetime, he was remembered as warm, humane, and kin with the natural world. Many
Confucians believed that he embodied the virtue of "authenticity". He had great insight into the Way of Heaven. The first major popularization of the
643:
His father died when he was fourteen and he was taken in by his uncle Zheng Xiang. He received his first posting in government through his uncle. Although very active in his civil service career, he never did achieve a high position or get the "Presented
Scholar" degree
857:
Zhou Dunyi postulated that human beings receive all these qualities and forces in their higher excellence and, hence, are the most intelligent of all creatures. He also believed that the five agents corresponded directly to the five moral principles of
1015:, who was considered one of the greatest Confucian thinkers since Confucius himself. Zhu Xi was known to have said that Zhou Dunyi was the first great sage of the Song dynasty, particularly for his emphasis on the concept of Wuji.
907:
nature and the importance of non-action. Zhou Dunyi is known to have said that the best quality of life is that of a pure lotus growing out of dirty waters, where the lotus is the natural equivalent of the
229:
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symbol is also credited to Zhou Dunyi; this symbol (in an altered form) is now known worldwide as the commonly accepted symbol for the
Chinese concepts of yin and yang.
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cosmology of the day, explaining the relationship between human conduct and universal forces. In this way, he emphasizes that humans can master their
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for a name he adopted in his retirement that honored the Lian stream near his home. He was nicknamed the "Poor Zen Fellow" by
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It contained his theory of creation, which can be summarized in the following paraphrase of its first section:
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1288:"Zhou Dunyi." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 Oct. 2008
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Zhou Dunyi had two students who made major contributions to
Confucianism: his nephews
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1898:
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1612:
1344:
597:
588:, who was the architect of Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi was mainly concerned with
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1128:
Men of
Letters Within the Passes: Guanzhong Literati in Chinese History, 907-1911
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35:
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2612:
2200:
2157:
2055:
2018:
1988:
1982:
1959:
1941:
1850:
1814:
613:
1176:"The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage"
1153:"The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage"
911:. He is known for pulling many ideas from Daoism, Buddhism and Confucianism.
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1005:
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17:
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2000:
1976:
1953:
1910:
1892:
1718:
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824:
and Lü Zuqian in 1175. He fused
Confucian ethics and concepts from the
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584:("spirit") in order to accord with nature. He was a major influence to
1313:
1239:
Reconstructing the
Confucian Dao: Zhu Xi's Appropriation of Zhou Dunyi
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2006:
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1186:(3). Cambridge University Press, Association for Asian Studies: 571.
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2067:
2037:
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625:
701:
In 1452 the title of 'Wujing Boshi' was bestowed upon Meng Xiwen
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2757:
2682:
2122:
1234:, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (NY: Columbia University Press, 1999), ch. 20.
2430:
1317:
3652:
1274:
Gedalecia, D (1974). "Excursion Into
Substance and Function."
918:
790:
Zhou Dunyi admiring lotuses by Kaihō Yūsetsu, mid-17th century
29:
727:, the 12th generation offspring of Zhou Dunyi, on Chen Keren
636:
in 1063 to avoid a character in the personal name of the new
658:
province in 1073. After his death, Zhou was commonly called
3716:
580:
812:) was placed at the head of the neo-Confucian anthology
678:
Zhou Dunyi's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (
27:
Chinese cosmologist, philosopher and writer (1017–1073)
1228:"Zhou Dunyi: The Metaphysics and Practice of Sagehood"
1082:"P.494-5. Present Day Political Organization of China"
1241:, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2014).
693:
502:
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2216:
2148:
1969:
1783:
1675:
1628:
1593:
1523:
1352:
806:
Explanations of the
Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
721:; in 1456-1457 the same was bestowed on Zhou Mian
1230:. In Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, eds.,
1054:H.S. Brunnert; V.V. Hagelstrom (15 April 2013).
666:and posthumously honored as the "Duke of Yuan" (
1131:. Harvard University Asia Center. p. 132.
847:
759:received the title and in 1630 an offspring of
745:), in 1539 the same was awarded to Zeng Zhicui
996:1900, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
2442:
1329:
1108:"Present day political organization of China"
799:
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685:
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458:
384:
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248:
8:
1762:Along the River During the Qingming Festival
1265:Chen, Keming and Weng, Jindun "Zhou Dunyi".
1248:. Massachusetts, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
1057:Present Day Political Organization of China
953:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2449:
2435:
2427:
2345:
1780:
1590:
1336:
1322:
1314:
632:. Raised by a scholar-official family, he
467:
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338:
271:
215:
131:
973:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1262:. New York, Columbia University Press.
1046:
810:Diagram Explaining the Supreme Ultimate
733:, the 17th generation offspring of the
554:
2330:Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified
2255:Endless power transmitting chain drive
7:
1253:Transformations of the Confucian Way
1011:Zhou Dunyi was a major influence on
951:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1308:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1285:, 1st ed. London, RoutledgeCurzon.
751:, the 60th generation offspring of
717:, the 59th generation offspring of
707:, the 56th generation offspring of
234:Bronze statue of Zhou Dunyi at the
25:
3944:11th-century Chinese philosophers
1514:
923:
228:
170:Cosmologist, philosopher, writer
142:
34:
1246:A Companion to the Philosophers
45:needs additional citations for
1756:Great Bodhisattva of Zhengding
545:
503:
489:
459:
434:
420:
385:
360:
330:
307:
293:
263:
249:
1:
2191:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1271:(Philosophy Edition), 1st ed.
1260:Neo-Confucian Terms Explained
993:
818:Reflections on Things at Hand
1283:Encyclopedia of Confucianism
1232:Sources of Chinese Tradition
1180:The Journal of Asian Studies
1157:The Journal of Asian Studies
1060:. Routledge. pp. 494–.
628:, Zhou was originally named
1603:Department of State Affairs
1255:. Boulder, Westview Press.
1212:Arrington, 1999, p. 46
694:
596:(limitless potential), the
562:; 1017–1073) was a Chinese
3995:
2579:Hundred Schools of Thought
1565:Bureau of Military Affairs
1174:Wilson, Thomas A. (1996).
755:; in 1622 an offspring of
519:
3974:Song dynasty philosophers
1512:
1437:Alliance Conducted at Sea
1427:Song–Viet war (1075–1077)
1258:Chan, Wing-tsit (1986).
1034:Vase with Poet Zhou Dunyi
989:As depicted in the album
800:
782:The Taijitu of Zhou Dunyi
747:
729:
723:
713:
703:
686:
680:
514:
466:
397:
337:
270:
236:White Deer Grotto Academy
227:
223:
210:
174:
141:
1768:Four Great Books of Song
1276:Philosophy East and West
574:. He conceptualized the
570:, and writer during the
244:Traditional Chinese
3964:Philosophers from Hunan
2574:Nine Schools of Thought
1619:Secretariat-Chancellery
1244:Arrington, R. (1999).
1125:Chang Woei Ong (2008).
991:Portraits of Famous Men
592:(supreme polarity) and
258:Simplified Chinese
3969:Song dynasty essayists
3954:Neo-Confucian scholars
3877:State consequentialism
2250:Early Bessemer process
2218:Science and technology
1417:Nong Zhigao rebellions
1281:Yao Xinzhong (2003).
1251:Berthrong, J (1998).
1163:(3): 571. August 1996.
997:
894:The All-Embracing Book
855:
791:
783:
3949:Chinese Confucianists
2894:Northern and Southern
1638:Ministry of Personnel
1543:Imperial examinations
1268:Encyclopedia of China
988:
789:
781:
3959:People from Yongzhou
1774:Dongjing Meng Hua Lu
1548:Administrative units
1422:Song–Tibet relations
1397:Song–Đại Cồ Việt war
947:improve this section
54:improve this article
2524:School of Diplomacy
2324:Forensic entomology
2285:Watertight bulkhead
2164:Joint-stock company
1658:Ministry of Justice
1643:Ministry of Revenue
1553:Sixteen Prefectures
1290:Britannica Academic
1237:Adler, Joseph A. ''
711:and upon Yan Xihui
604:(the five phases).
3979:Writers from Hunan
2458:Chinese philosophy
2260:Astronomical clock
1467:Treaty of Shaoxing
1278:. vol. 4, 443–451.
998:
792:
784:
618:Daozhou prefecture
193:Chinese Philosophy
3921:
3920:
3769:Mandate of Heaven
3641:
3640:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2339:Dream Pool Essays
2231:Gunpowder weapons
2144:
2143:
1671:
1670:
1663:Ministry of Works
1648:Ministry of Rites
1595:Three Departments
1432:Fang La rebellion
1412:Wang Ze rebellion
1226:Adler, Joseph A.
1138:978-0-674-03170-8
1088:on April 25, 2016
1067:978-1-135-79795-9
983:
982:
975:
898:Penetrating the '
866:(righteousness),
620:, in present-day
518:
517:
510:
509:
477:Standard Mandarin
441:
440:
408:Standard Mandarin
367:
366:
348:Standard Mandarin
314:
313:
281:Standard Mandarin
214:
213:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3986:
3798:Self-cultivation
3703:Neo-Confucianism
3438:Chung-ying Cheng
2596:
2497:New Confucianism
2492:Neo-Confucianism
2451:
2444:
2437:
2428:
2370:
2367:
2346:
2094:
2093: 1174–1189
2091:
2033:
2032: 1050–1080
2030:
1925:
1924: 1111–1117
1922:
1781:
1731:Longquan celadon
1699:Five Great Kilns
1591:
1518:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1315:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
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1164:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1084:. Archived from
1078:
1072:
1071:
1051:
995:
978:
971:
967:
964:
958:
927:
919:
878:(faithfulness).
803:
802:
750:
749:
732:
731:
726:
725:
716:
715:
706:
705:
697:
691:
690:
683:
682:
638:Emperor Yingzong
634:changed his name
612:Born in 1017 in
560:
547:
506:
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491:
468:
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437:
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333:
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310:
309:
296:
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272:
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205:Neo-Confucianism
183:Neo-Confucianism
146:
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125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3994:
3993:
3989:
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3924:
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3917:
3835:
3736:Three teachings
3637:
3588:Tsang Lap Chuen
3401:
3263:
3172:
3154:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3007:
2989:
2898:
2892:
2876:
2785:
2767:
2585:
2583:
2529:School of Names
2472:Agriculturalism
2460:
2455:
2425:
2416:
2368:
2344:
2300:Horner's method
2212:
2140:
2092:
2044:Emperor Huizong
2031:
1965:
1923:
1779:
1667:
1653:Ministry of War
1624:
1589:
1519:
1510:
1489:Mongol conquest
1407:Chanyuan Treaty
1367:Chenqiao mutiny
1348:
1342:
1305:article in the
1299:
1294:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1192:10.2307/2646446
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1053:
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1048:
1043:
1029:
979:
968:
962:
959:
944:
928:
917:
900:Book of Changes
886:
827:Book of Changes
776:
769:
676:
610:
535:
447:Posthumous name
238:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
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3914:
3913:
3906:Metaphilosophy
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3879:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3807:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3714:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:Lee Shui-chuen
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:Zhang Xuecheng
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3125:Wang Chongyang
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3074:
3064:Five Dynasties
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2887:
2885:Three Kingdoms
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2369: 10th c.
2359:
2352:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2237:Wujing Zongyao
2233:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1887:Huang Tingjian
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1630:Six Ministries
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Qingli Reforms
1567:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:Gaoliang River
1387:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1298:
1297:External links
1295:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1166:
1144:
1137:
1117:
1099:
1073:
1066:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1028:
1025:
981:
980:
931:
929:
922:
916:
913:
885:
880:
874:(wisdom), and
775:
770:
768:
765:
735:Cheng brothers
675:
672:
614:Yingdao County
609:
606:
516:
515:
512:
511:
508:
507:
500:
494:
493:
486:
480:
479:
473:
472:
471:Transcriptions
464:
463:
456:
450:
449:
443:
442:
439:
438:
431:
425:
424:
417:
411:
410:
404:
403:
402:Transcriptions
395:
394:
382:
376:
375:
369:
368:
365:
364:
357:
351:
350:
344:
343:
342:Transcriptions
335:
334:
327:
321:
320:
316:
315:
312:
311:
304:
298:
297:
290:
284:
283:
277:
276:
275:Transcriptions
268:
267:
260:
254:
253:
246:
240:
239:
233:
225:
224:
221:
220:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
139:
138:
135:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3991:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3618:Zhang Dongsun
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3538:Liang Shuming
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Wang Yangming
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Dongfang Shuo
2800:
2798:
2797:Dong Zhongshu
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2316:Yingzao Fashi
2313:
2311:
2310:Liaodi Pagoda
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Tianchi basin
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:Zhao Mengjian
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:Wuzhun Shifan
2103:
2100:
2097:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1585:Three Bureaus
1583:
1581:
1580:Baojia system
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
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573:
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527:
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504:Chou Lien-hsi
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162:1073 (age 56)
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110:December 2021
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3901:Epistemology
3888:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3810:Yin and yang
3802:
3793:Human nature
3785:
3781:Filial piety
3773:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3728:
3721:
3709:
3698:Confucianism
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3628:Zhou Guoping
3623:Zhang Shenfu
3608:Yin Haiguang
3603:Yang Changji
3548:Liu Xiaofeng
3533:Liang Qichao
3418:Carsun Chang
3406:20th century
3392:Zhuang Cunyu
3322:Hong Liangji
3282:Chen Menglei
3277:Chen Hongmou
3259:Zhan Ruoshui
3219:Liu Zongzhou
3189:Hong Zicheng
3184:Huang Zongxi
3144:
3090:Fan Zhongyan
3068:Ten Kingdoms
3054:Linji Yixuan
3049:Liu Zongyuan
2638:Gongsun Long
2600:Eastern Zhou
2591:Philosophers
2569:
2565:Mixed School
2550:
2543:
2487:Han learning
2482:Confucianism
2411:Guo Shoujing
2337:
2328:
2314:
2305:Architecture
2290:Fishing reel
2265:Movable type
2235:
2205:
2099:Zhou Jichang
2050:Zhang Zeduan
1899:Zhou Bangyan
1838:
1791:Fan Zhongyan
1772:
1760:
1746:Yaozhou ware
1741:Qingbai ware
1575:New Policies
1380:Southern Han
1371:Unification
1345:Song dynasty
1306:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1259:
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1120:
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1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1076:
1056:
1049:
1032:
1017:
1010:
999:
990:
969:
960:
945:Please help
933:
909:noble person
905:
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893:
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887:
882:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:(humanity),
859:
856:
848:
844:
831:
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817:
813:
809:
805:
795:
793:
772:
700:
695:Wǔjīng Bóshì
677:
667:
659:
645:
642:
629:
611:
598:yin and yang
579:
572:Song dynasty
556:
555:
553:
537:
536:
529:
522:Chinese name
484:Hanyu Pinyin
415:Hanyu Pinyin
355:Hanyu Pinyin
288:Hanyu Pinyin
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Zhou Dunyi"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3939:1073 deaths
3934:1017 births
3872:Role ethics
3857:Metaphysics
3633:Zhou Zuoren
3593:Xiong Shili
3578:Tang Chun-i
3573:Sun Yat-sen
3568:Qiu Renzong
3563:Mou Zongsan
3513:Kang Youwei
3458:Feng Youlan
3423:P. C. Chang
3413:Cai Yuanpei
3397:Zeng Guofan
3382:Yu Zhengxie
3312:Gong Zizhen
3307:Feng Guifen
3297:Fang Lanfen
3229:Qian Dehong
3029:Zhang Zhihe
2965:Xiahou Xuan
2905:Bao Jingyan
2748:Zhuang Zhou
2413:(1231–1316)
2407:(1202–1261)
2405:Qin Jiushao
2401:(1192-1279)
2395:(1186–1249)
2389:(1031–1095)
2383:(1020–1101)
2377:(1010–1070)
2362:Zhang Sixun
2207:Zhu Fan Zhi
2196:Champa rice
2160:(1021–1086)
2137:(1235–1305)
2131:(1222–1307)
2125:(1210–1269)
2119:(1199–1295)
2113:(1190–1230)
2107:(1178–1249)
2086:Lin Tinggui
2082:(1140–1210)
2076:(1120–1182)
2070:(1100–1197)
2064:(1096–1119)
2062:Wang Ximeng
2058:(1094-1172)
2052:(1085–1145)
2046:(1082–1135)
2040:(1051–1107)
2021:(1049–1106)
2015:(1036–1093)
2009:(1020–1090)
2003:(1019–1079)
1997:(1000–1064)
1962:(1170–1231)
1956:(1140–1207)
1950:(1130–1200)
1944:(1127–1206)
1938:(1126–1193)
1936:Fan Chengda
1932:(1125–1209)
1913:(1085–1144)
1907:(1084–1155)
1905:Li Qingzhao
1901:(1056–1121)
1895:(1047–1126)
1889:(1045–1105)
1883:(1039–1112)
1877:(1037–1101)
1871:(1033–1107)
1865:(1032–1085)
1859:(1022–1077)
1853:(1019–1086)
1847:(1019–1083)
1841:(1017–1073)
1835:(1012–1067)
1829:(1011–1077)
1823:(1009–1066)
1817:(1007–1072)
1811:(1002–1060)
1809:Mei Yaochen
1736:Cizhou ware
1613:Chancellery
1608:Secretariat
1536:Family tree
1494:Diaoyucheng
1112:Archive.org
851:five agents
674:Descendants
670:) in 1200.
660:Zhou Lianxi
630:Zhou Dunshi
624:, southern
568:philosopher
564:cosmologist
526:family name
490:Zhōu Liánxī
361:Zhōu Dūnshí
18:Zhou Maoshu
3928:Categories
3911:Legitimacy
3613:Yu Dunkang
3583:Tang Yijie
3558:Mao Zedong
3543:Lin Yutang
3508:Jin Yuelin
3503:Jiang Qing
3478:He Guanghu
3448:Chu Anping
3433:Chen Duxiu
3362:Wang Fuzhi
3352:Tan Sitong
3347:Pan Pingge
3342:Liu Yiming
3224:Luo Rufang
3145:Zhou Dunyi
3130:Wang Chuyi
3120:Wang Anshi
3100:Lu Jiuyuan
2980:Yan Zhitui
2970:Xie Daoyun
2872:Yang Xiong
2857:Wang Chong
2832:Kong Anguo
2693:Shen Buhai
2688:Shang Yang
2643:Guan Zhong
2613:Chunyu Kun
2534:Naturalism
2358:(972–1051)
2275:Pound lock
2201:Nanhai One
2158:Wang Anshi
2056:Su Hanchen
2019:Li Gonglin
1989:Zhao Chang
1985:(970–1053)
1983:Xu Daoning
1979:(960–1030)
1960:Zhao Rukuo
1942:Yang Wanli
1851:Sima Guang
1839:Zhou Dunyi
1815:Ouyang Xiu
1805:(998–1061)
1799:(991–1055)
1793:(989–1052)
1524:Government
1303:Zhou Dunyi
1041:References
600:, and the
557:Chou Tun-i
550:Wade–Giles
538:Zhou Dunyi
498:Wade–Giles
429:Wade–Giles
319:Birth name
308:Chou Tun-i
302:Wade–Giles
294:Zhōu Dūnyí
219:Zhou Dunyi
136:Zhou Dunyi
80:newspapers
3890:Shan shui
3823:Zhengming
3598:Xu Fuguan
3523:Li Shicen
3498:Ray Huang
3483:Hu Qiaomu
3453:Fang Keli
3443:Ch'ien Mu
3428:Chen Daqi
3357:Tang Zhen
3302:Fang Quan
3214:Liu Bowen
3204:Lai Zhide
3194:Jiao Hong
3179:Chen Jiru
3140:Zhang Zai
3105:Shao Yong
3080:Cheng Hao
3024:Wang Tong
2925:Guo Xiang
2847:Liu Xiang
2827:Jing Fang
2738:Yuan Xian
2718:Ximen Bao
2673:Lie Yukou
2628:Duanmu Ci
2618:Confucius
2504:Huang–Lao
2349:Inventors
2226:Gunpowder
2135:Qian Xuan
2101:(12th c.)
2080:Liang Kai
2074:Zhao Boju
2013:Wang Shen
1995:Yi Yuanji
1991:(10th c.)
1863:Cheng Hao
1857:Zhang Zai
1845:Zeng Gong
1833:Cai Xiang
1827:Shao Yong
1751:Jian ware
1714:Guan ware
1704:Ding ware
1499:Xiangyang
1375:Later Shu
1092:April 17,
1006:Cheng Hao
934:does not
842:symbol".
761:Shao Yong
757:Zhang Zai
739:Cheng Hao
3884:Ink wash
3862:Politics
3852:Theology
3711:Ming yun
3687:Jing zuo
3646:Concepts
3528:Li Zehou
3493:Hua Gang
3463:Gan Yang
3372:Yan Yuan
3367:Wei Yuan
3337:Lin Zexu
3317:Gu Yanwu
3292:Fang Bao
3287:Dai Zhen
3249:Wu Cheng
3239:Wang Gen
3110:Shen Kuo
3085:Cheng Yi
3044:Liu Yuxi
2950:Sengzhao
2910:Fan Zhen
2812:Huan Tan
2792:Ban Zhao
2743:Zhang Yi
2733:Yang Zhu
2698:Shen Dao
2608:Bu Shang
2509:Legalism
2477:Buddhism
2387:Shen Kuo
2375:Jia Xian
2356:Bi Sheng
2280:Dry dock
2169:Banknote
2129:Gong Kai
2001:Wen Tong
1977:Fan Kuan
1970:Painters
1954:Xin Qiji
1911:Zhu Bian
1893:Cai Jing
1869:Cheng Yi
1719:Jun ware
1689:Religion
1560:Military
1531:Emperors
1462:Yancheng
1447:Jingkang
1358:Timeline
1027:See also
1002:Cheng Yi
890:Tong Shu
883:Tong Shu
840:yin-yang
767:Writings
753:Zeng Can
743:Cheng Yi
668:Yuangong
664:Cheng Yi
652:Mount Lu
622:Yongzhou
520:In this
3896:Society
3673:Jian'ai
3488:Hu Shih
3473:Gu Zhun
3332:Ma Qixi
3234:Wang Ji
3199:Jiao Yu
3115:Su Song
3095:Hu Hong
2985:Zhi Dun
2975:Xun Can
2960:Wang Bi
2955:Wang Su
2945:Ji Kang
2940:Huiyuan
2930:Fu Xuan
2920:Ge Hong
2867:Xun Yue
2862:Wang Fu
2852:Ma Rong
2822:Jia Kui
2763:Zou Yan
2723:Xu Xing
2708:Sun Tzu
2678:Mencius
2653:Hui Shi
2648:Han Fei
2623:Deng Xi
2560:Yangism
2552:Xuanxue
2519:Marxism
2465:Schools
2393:Song Ci
2381:Su Song
2270:Compass
2150:Economy
2111:Li Song
2025:Cui Bai
1803:Song Qi
1797:Yan Shu
1784:Writers
1724:Ru ware
1709:Ge ware
1681:Society
1677:Culture
1482:Caizhou
1472:Tangdao
1354:History
1220:Sources
1200:2646446
1021:taijitu
955:removed
940:sources
836:taijitu
832:I Ching
814:Jinsilu
719:Yan Hui
656:Jiangxi
602:wu xing
542:Chinese
454:Chinese
435:Mao-shu
380:Chinese
325:Chinese
94:scholar
3867:Ethics
3840:Topics
3775:Wu wei
3553:Lu Xun
3377:Yu Yue
3327:Ji Yun
3209:Li Zhi
3150:Zhu Xi
3135:Ye Shi
3034:Han Yu
3019:Jizang
2935:He Yan
2915:Fan Ye
2842:Lu Jia
2837:Liu An
2817:Jia Yi
2807:Dou Wu
2753:Zichan
2703:Su Qin
2663:Li Kui
2545:Daoxue
2539:Taoism
2514:Mohism
2179:Guanzi
2174:Jiaozi
2007:Guo Xi
1948:Zhu Xi
1930:Lu You
1917:Zhu Yu
1881:Su Zhe
1875:Su Shi
1821:Su Xun
1694:Poetry
1477:Caishi
1347:topics
1198:
1135:
1064:
1013:Zhu Xi
915:School
822:Zhu Xi
709:Mengzi
647:jinshi
586:Zhu Xi
552::
544::
524:, the
421:Màoshū
200:School
189:Region
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3847:Logic
3830:Ziran
3468:Gu Su
3254:Xu Ai
3039:Li Ao
3014:Fu Yi
2728:Xunzi
2713:Wu Qi
2668:Li Si
2658:Laozi
2633:Gaozi
2399:Li Ye
2184:Huizi
2068:Li Di
2038:Mi Fu
1504:Yamen
1457:De'an
1196:JSTOR
820:) by
626:Hunan
590:Taiji
101:JSTOR
87:books
3816:Yong
3763:Tian
3742:Shen
3723:Qing
3680:Jing
3269:Qing
3168:Ming
3163:Yuan
3072:Song
3003:Tang
2758:Zisi
2683:Mozi
2245:Coke
2123:Muqi
1679:and
1133:ISBN
1094:2016
1062:ISBN
1004:and
938:any
936:cite
888:The
838:or "
801:太極圖說
794:The
741:and
688:五經博士
681:五经博士
608:Life
594:Wuji
531:Zhou
159:Died
154:1017
151:Born
73:news
3787:Xin
3730:Ren
3653:Tao
2998:Sui
2890:Jin
2781:Han
2776:Qin
2366:fl.
2090:fl.
2029:fl.
1921:fl.
1188:doi
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714:顔希惠
704:孟希文
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331:周敦實
264:周敦颐
250:周敦頤
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