1356:
1344:
1404:
49:
1416:
1380:
1392:
488:
1368:
1292:
861:
carbonate host rocks such as dolostone and limestone by ore minerals; they are located in platforms and foreland thrust belts. Furthermore, they are stratabound, typically
Phanerozoic in age and epigenetic (form after the lithification of the carbonate host rocks). The ore minerals are the same as SEDEX deposits: sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and marcasite, with minor sulfosalts. Mines that contain MVT deposits include Polaris in the Canadian arctic, Mississippi River in the
1428:
200:
4180:
874:
They form from metals such as copper and zinc being transferred by hydrothermal fluids (modified seawater) which leach them from volcanic rocks in the oceanic crust; the metal-saturated fluid rises through fractures and faults to the surface, where it cools and deposits the metals as a VMS deposit. The most abundant ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrrhotite. Mines that contain VMS deposits include
665:
1255:
Sphalerite is an important ore of zinc; around 95% of all primary zinc is extracted from sphalerite ore. However, due to its variable trace element content, sphalerite is also an important source of several other metals such as cadmium, gallium, germanium, and indium which replace zinc. The ore was
873:
Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits can be Cu-Zn- or Zn-Pb-Cu-rich, and accounts for 25% of Zn in reserves. There are various types of VMS deposits with a range of regional contexts and host rock compositions; a common characteristic is that they are all hosted by submarine volcanic rocks.
860:
Similar to SEDEX, Mississippi-Valley type (MVT) deposits are also a Pb-Zn deposit which contains sphalerite. However, they only account for 15–20% of zinc and lead, are 25% smaller in tonnage than SEDEX deposits and have lower grades of 5–10% Pb + Zn. MVT deposits form from the replacement of
2165:
Deng, Jiushuai; Lai, Hao; Chen, Miao; Glen, Matthew; Wen, Shuming; Zhao, Biao; Liu, Zilong; Yang, Hua; Liu, Mingshi; Huang, Lingyun; Guan, Shiliang; Wang, Ping (June 2019). "Effect of iron concentration on the crystallization and electronic structure of sphalerite/marmatite: A DFT study".
680:, with bandgap of about 3.54 electron volts, which makes the pure material transparent in the visible spectrum. Increasing iron content will make the material opaque, while various impurities can give the crystal a variety of colors. In thin section, sphalerite exhibits very high positive
1690:
Generum et specierum mineralium, secundum ordines naturales digestorum synopsis, omnium, quotquot adhuc reperta sunt mineralium nomina complectens. : Adjectis synonymis et veteribus et recentioribus ac novissimarum analysium chemicarum summis. Systematis mineralium naturalis
731:, an almost pure ZnS variety. Cleiophane contains less than 0.1% of iron in the sphalerite crystal structure. Marmatite or christophite is an opaque black variety of sphalerite and its coloring is due to high quantities of iron, which can reach up to 25%; marmatite is named after
512:
3m). In the crystal structure, both the sulfur and the zinc or iron ions occupy the points of a face-centered cubic lattice, with the two lattices displaced from each other such that the zinc and iron are tetrahedrally coordinated to the sulfur ions, and
623:
may also be present in relatively high concentrations (hundreds to thousands of ppm). Cadmium can replace up to 1% of zinc and manganese is generally found in sphalerite with high iron abundances. Sulfur in the anion position can be substituted for by
695:
of sphalerite (as measured via sodium light, average wavelength 589.3 nm) ranges from 2.37 when it is pure ZnS to 2.50 when there is 40% iron content. Sphalerite is isotropic under cross-polarized light, however sphalerite can experience
549:, and the trigonal polymorph is matraite. Wurtzite is the higher temperature polymorph, stable at temperatures above 1,020 °C (1,870 °F). The lattice constant for zinc sulfide in the zinc blende crystal structure is 0.541
759:
Sphalerite is amongst the most common sulfide minerals, and it is found worldwide and in a variety of deposit types. The reason for the wide distribution of sphalerite is that it appears in many types of deposits; it is found in
1379:
1355:
1343:
1288:). Besides brass, the zinc in sphalerite can also be used to produce certain types of bronze; bronze is dominantly copper which is alloyed with other metals such as tin, zinc, lead, nickel, iron and arsenic.
632:. The abundances of these impurities are controlled by the conditions under which the sphalerite formed; formation temperature, pressure, element availability and fluid composition are important controls.
3463:
Voudouris, Panagiotis; Mavrogonatos, Constantinos; Graham, Ian; Giuliani, Gaston; Tarantola, Alexandre; Melfos, Vasilios; Karampelas, Stefanos; Katerinopoulos, Athanasios; Magganas, Andreas (2019-07-29).
796:(SEDEX) deposits, which are stratiform Pb-Zn sulfides that form at seafloor vents. The metals precipitate from hydrothermal fluids and are hosted by shales, carbonates and organic-rich siltstones in
1403:
1295:
Faceted sphalerite, known by the name of Étoile des
Asturies, one of the largest in existence. It actually comes from the Aliva mine, Cantabria (Spain). Cantonal Museum of Geology of Lausanne.
1391:
1280:, an alloy of copper with 3–45% zinc. Major element alloy compositions of brass objects provide evidence that sphalerite was being used to produce brass by the Islamic as far back as the
2092:
Frenzel, Max; Hirsch, Tamino; Gutzmer, Jens (July 2016). "Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and minor elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type — A meta-analysis".
1415:
599:
All natural sphalerite contains concentrations of various impurities, which generally substitute for zinc in the cation position in the lattice; the most common cation impurities are
580:; the iron content generally increases with increasing formation temperature and can reach up to 40%. The material can be considered a ternary compound between the binary endpoints
3362:
Colorado Yule marble : building stone of the
Lincoln Memorial : an investigation of differences in durability of the Colorado Yule marble, a widely used building stone
2459:"Petrography, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion microthermometry and Re–Os geochronology of the Küre volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit (Central Pontides, Northern Turkey)"
1367:
3394:
2942:
649:, having six cleavage planes. In pure form, it is a semiconductor, but transitions to a conductor as the iron content increases. It has a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the
1284:
between the 7th and 16th century CE. Sphalerite may have also been used during the cementation process of brass in
Northern China during the 12th–13th century CE (
2725:
2036:
1975:
1830:
2050:
Cook, Nigel J.; Ciobanu, Cristiana L.; Pring, Allan; Skinner, William; Shimizu, Masaaki; Danyushevsky, Leonid; Saini-Eidukat, Bernhardt; Melcher, Frank (2009).
656:
It can be distinguished from similar minerals by its perfect cleavage, its distinctive resinous luster, and the reddish-brown streak of the darker varieties.
4130:
2546:
1322:– zinc from sphalerite is used as a protective coating to prevent corrosion and rusting; it is used on power transmission towers, nails and automobiles.
226:
Euhedral crystals – occurs as well-formed crystals showing good external form. Granular – generally occurs as anhedral to subhedral crystals in matrix.
3410:"Nanosized Zinc Sulfide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized from Natural Bulk Sphalerite as Good Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries"
711:. Sphalerite has a characteristic triboluminescence of yellow-orange. Typically, specimens cut into end-slabs are ideal for displaying this property.
2593:
4160:
769:
390:
4115:
773:
748:
386:
2332:
Ye, Lin; Cook, Nigel J.; Ciobanu, Cristiana L.; Yuping, Liu; Qian, Zhang; Tiegeng, Liu; Wei, Gao; Yulong, Yang; Danyushevskiy, Leonid (2011).
4234:
3063:
2842:
2797:
2701:
2141:
2012:
1951:
1806:
1727:
1660:
4224:
1385:
Sharp, tetrahedral sphalerite crystals with minor associated chalcopyrite from the
Idarado Mine, Telluride, Ouray District, Colorado, US
4239:
4125:
751:(IMA). Red, orange or brownish-red sphalerite is termed ruby blende or ruby zinc, whereas dark colored sphalerite is termed black-jack.
2373:"Trace elements and textures of hydrothermal sphalerite and pyrite in Upper Permian (Zechstein) carbonates of the North German Basin"
1427:
3590:
3576:
3370:
3335:
3261:
2547:"Variations in minor and trace metals in sphalerite from mississippi valley-type deposits of the Ozark region; genetic implications"
2284:
3125:
Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Seifert, Thomas; Gutzmer, Jens (March 2016). "On the current and future availability of gallium".
107:
3279:"Local cementation brass production during 12th–13th century CE, North China: Evidences from a royal summer palace of Jin Dynasty"
4120:
4150:
3602:
793:
382:
3644:
1853:
1753:"Natural marmatite with low discharge platform and excellent cyclicity as potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries"
650:
261:
31:
700:
if intergrown with its polymorph wurtzite; the birefringence can increase from 0 (0% wurtzite) up to 0.022 (100% wurtzite).
48:
4229:
4135:
294:
765:
1285:
3043:
1313:
3213:"Quantifying the relative availability of high-tech by-product metals – The cases of gallium, germanium and indium"
2420:"Variations in Zn and S isotope chemistry of sedimentary sphalerite, Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit, Sichuan Province, China"
677:
542:
117:
502:
crystal structure, which named after the mineral. This structure is a member of the hextetrahedral crystal class (
4209:
2496:
Nakai, Shun'ichi; Halliday, Alex N; Kesler, Stephen E; Jones, Henry D; Kyle, J.Richard; Lane, Thomas E (1993).
1168:
487:
4219:
4145:
3160:
Frenzel, Max; Ketris, Marina P.; Gutzmer, Jens (2014-04-01). "On the geological availability of germanium".
1684:
1147:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1018:
841:
433:
97:
4214:
1158:
956:
4165:
4110:
2890:
251:
2309:"International Mineralogical Association – Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification"
800:
and failed continental rifts. The main ore minerals in SEDEX deposits are sphalerite, galena, pyrite,
3526:
3477:
3421:
3290:
3224:
3169:
3134:
3006:
2605:
2558:
2509:
2470:
2431:
2384:
2345:
2175:
2101:
2063:
1893:
1606:
1480:
740:
720:
499:
132:
3085:
3514:
2457:
Akbulut, Mehmet; Oyman, Tolga; Çiçek, Mustafa; Selby, David; Özgenç, İsmet; Tokçaer, Murat (2016).
1881:
1291:
1143:
496:
284:
274:
3622:
2334:"Trace and minor elements in sphalerite from base metal deposits in South China: A LA-ICPMS study"
517:. Minerals similar to sphalerite include those in the sphalerite group, consisting of sphalerite,
4204:
3976:
3637:
3612:
3550:
3445:
3388:
3306:
3278:
3193:
2936:
2848:
2719:
2458:
2419:
2418:
Zhu, Chuanwei; Liao, Shili; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Yuxu; Yang, Tao; Fan, Haifeng; Wen, Hanjie (2018).
2400:
2372:
2333:
2191:
2051:
2030:
1969:
1917:
1824:
1772:
1752:
1498:
1308:– sphalerite is found as inclusions in yule marble, which is used as a building material for the
1105:
1077:
646:
414:
241:
2497:
668:
Sphalerite fluorescing under ultraviolet light (Sternberg Museum of
Natural History, Kansas, US)
3608:
Possible relation of
Sphalerite to origins of life and precursor chemicals in 'Primordial Soup'
2994:
1594:
727:), are highly fluorescent orange and/or blue under longwave ultraviolet light and are known as
3884:
3586:
3572:
3542:
3495:
3437:
3376:
3366:
3341:
3331:
3257:
3185:
3059:
3022:
2975:
2924:
2838:
2793:
2758:
2707:
2697:
2661:
2621:
2574:
2290:
2280:
2147:
2137:
2018:
2008:
1957:
1947:
1909:
1849:
1812:
1802:
1733:
1723:
1695:
1666:
1656:
1622:
1182:
1022:
970:
708:
604:
178:
3330:. Institute of Materials (2nd ed.). London: Maney Pub., for the Institute of Materials.
3109:
1751:
Zhou, Jiahui; Jiang, Feng; Li, Sijie; Zhao, Wenqing; Sun, Wei; Ji, Xiaobo; Yang, Yue (2019).
4244:
3534:
3485:
3429:
3298:
3232:
3177:
3142:
3051:
3014:
2965:
2876:
2830:
2785:
2748:
2651:
2613:
2566:
2525:
2517:
2478:
2439:
2392:
2353:
2183:
2109:
2071:
1901:
1764:
1614:
1488:
1447:
1309:
1128:
1119:
990:
947:
833:
724:
692:
585:
360:
322:
304:
231:
81:
2240:
4184:
2903:
2739:
Emsbo, Poul; Seal, Robert R.; Breit, George N.; Diehl, Sharon F.; Shah, Anjana K. (2016).
1564:
1397:
Gem quality twinned cherry-red sphalerite crystal (1.8 cm) from Hunan
Province, China
1081:
1067:
1035:
837:
732:
406:
356:
74:
3530:
3481:
3425:
3294:
3228:
3173:
3138:
3010:
2822:
2609:
2562:
2513:
2474:
2435:
2388:
2349:
2179:
2105:
2067:
1897:
1610:
1484:
2834:
1110:
999:
960:
820:; the zinc + lead grade typically ranges between 10 and 20%. Important SEDEX mines are
797:
681:
664:
127:
3409:
4198:
3630:
3554:
3449:
3310:
3197:
2852:
2521:
2404:
2195:
1921:
1776:
1502:
1319:
862:
829:
697:
422:
221:
216:
Light to dark brown, red-brown, yellow, red, green, light blue, black and colourless.
139:
3237:
3212:
3146:
2482:
2443:
2357:
2113:
1768:
1563:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005).
994:
3855:
3617:
1222:
821:
817:
809:
704:
673:
581:
562:
526:
398:
54:
3538:
2777:
1905:
1421:
Purple fluorite and sphalerite, from the
Elmwood mine, Smith county, Tennessee, US
3408:
Hai, Yun; Wang, Shuonan; Liu, Hao; Lv, Guocheng; Mei, Lefu; Liao, Libing (2020).
3302:
3211:
Frenzel, Max; Mikolajczak, Claire; Reuter, Markus A.; Gutzmer, Jens (June 2017).
2789:
2396:
2187:
4155:
3939:
3915:
3682:
2958:"Preliminary compilation of descriptive geoenvironmental mineral deposit models"
2570:
2212:
1305:
1281:
1052:
983:
813:
685:
554:
518:
503:
471:
162:
3433:
2617:
4083:
4059:
3920:
3867:
3770:
3380:
3181:
3018:
2075:
1882:"Connoisseur's Choice: Sphalerite, Eagle Mine, Gilman, Eagle County, Colorado"
1618:
1544:
1516:
1434:
1232:
923:
801:
534:
150:
3546:
3499:
3441:
3345:
3189:
3055:
3026:
2979:
2928:
2762:
2711:
2665:
2625:
2578:
2498:"Rb-Sr dating of sphalerites from Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ore deposits"
2294:
2151:
2022:
1961:
1913:
1816:
1737:
1699:
1670:
1626:
4071:
4052:
4040:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3968:
3891:
3831:
3819:
3794:
3782:
3775:
3758:
3722:
1091:
1039:
875:
845:
805:
629:
616:
608:
550:
530:
522:
452:
381:. Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in
3607:
17:
3325:
2691:
2274:
2131:
2002:
1941:
1796:
1717:
1650:
4088:
4076:
4064:
3879:
3787:
3751:
3746:
3734:
3715:
3699:
3694:
2753:
2740:
2530:
1538:
1373:
Tan crystal of calcite attached to a cluster of black sphalerite crystals
1328:
1095:
1027:
736:
625:
546:
440:, meaning "deceiving", due to the difficulty of identifying the mineral.
426:
1493:
1468:
4035:
3843:
3811:
3799:
3727:
3711:
3490:
3465:
2656:
2643:
1192:
1056:
1011:
974:
927:
915:
903:
777:
612:
600:
570:
538:
448:
444:
410:
58:
3360:
4028:
4023:
4005:
3944:
3927:
3903:
3896:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3706:
2970:
2957:
2918:
1688:
1237:
1196:
978:
951:
907:
899:
883:
879:
865:, Pine Point in Northwest Territories, and Admiral Bay in Australia.
825:
744:
620:
566:
558:
456:
418:
402:
394:
373:
2881:
2872:
898:
The top producers of sphalerite include the United States, Russia,
4047:
3674:
1801:. Anthony R. Philpotts (2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom.
1277:
1178:
1045:
1006:
911:
887:
761:
663:
486:
199:
3254:
Brass in the medieval
Islamic world; 2000 years of zinc and brass
573:. Sphalerite can have Spinel Law twins, where the twin axis is .
436:
discovered sphalerite in 1847, naming it based on the Greek word
3956:
3932:
3908:
3763:
3739:
1655:(4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 121.
919:
849:
792:
Approximately 50% of zinc (from sphalerite) and lead comes from
781:
378:
369:
365:
339:
non-radioactive, non-magnetic, fluorescent and triboluminescent.
3626:
2741:"Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) zinc-lead-silver deposit model"
2279:(3rd ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
2133:
Earth materials : introduction to mineralogy and petrology
1989:
International Centre for Diffraction Data reference 04-004-3804
4140:
3687:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3585:(5th ed.), p. 386. Butterworth-Heinemann, Great Britain.
2223:
2221:
3466:"Gemstones of Greece: Geology and Crystallizing Environments"
2693:
Metals and society : an introduction to economic geology
1409:
Sphalerite crystals from Áliva, Camaleño, Cantabria (Spain)
1361:
Sphalerite on dolostone, from Millersville Quarry, Ohio, US
2696:. Stephen E. Kesler, Clément Ganino (2nd ed.). Cham.
2545:
Viets, John G.; Hopkins, Roy T.; Miller, Bruce M. (1992).
2052:"Trace and minor elements in sphalerite: A LA-ICPMS study"
747:. Both marmatite and cleiophane are not recognized by the
236:
Simple contact twins or complex lamellar forms, twin axis
1798:
Earth materials: introduction to mineralogy and petrology
1349:
Sphalerite and barite from Cumberland Mine, Tennessee, US
2371:
Knorsch, Manuel; Nadoll, Patrick; Klemd, Reiner (2020).
2308:
2268:
2266:
2264:
739:
and christophite is named for the St. Christoph mine in
30:"Zincblende" redirects here. For crystal structure, see
3050:(0 ed.). Routledge. 2003-09-02. pp. 358–366.
2592:
Hatch, J. R.; Gluskoter, H. J.; Lindahl, P. C. (1976).
2136:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1988:
684:
and appears colorless to pale yellow or brown, with no
537:. The structure is closely related to the structure of
3365:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
2923:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
2784:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 573–612,
479:
is an opaque black variety with a high iron content.
3583:
Gems: Their sources, descriptions and identification
3256:. British Museum Publications Ltd. pp. 73–101.
1848:(21st ed.). New York: Wiley. pp. 211–212.
4103:
4016:
3967:
3810:
3673:
3664:
1844:Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. (1993).
459:. Miners have been known to refer to sphalerite as
343:
335:
321:
313:
303:
293:
283:
273:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
212:
207:
192:
187:
177:
161:
138:
126:
116:
106:
96:
80:
70:
65:
41:
2778:"Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) Zinc-Lead Deposits"
1946:. R. A. Howie, J. Zussman (3rd ed.). London.
1268:) because it resembles galena but yields no lead.
3277:Xiao, Hongyan; Huang, Xin; Cui, Jianfeng (2020).
3038:
3036:
2637:
2635:
1846:Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana)
1722:(7th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1711:
1709:
299:Transparent to translucent, opaque when iron-rich
2823:"Mineral deposits: host rocks and genetic model"
2087:
2085:
719:Gemmy, colorless to pale green sphalerite from
596:S, where x can range from 1 (pure ZnS) to 0.6.
3111:Cadmium – In: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries
3048:Agricultural and Mineral Commodities Year Book
2816:
2814:
2125:
2123:
2007:. Robert M. Lavinsky. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
1790:
1788:
1786:
3638:
2920:Volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2594:"Sphalerite in coals from the Illinois Basin"
703:Depending on the impurities, sphalerite will
443:In addition to zinc, sphalerite is an ore of
8:
3513:Murphy, Jack; Modreski, Peter (2002-08-01).
3393:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2941:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2227:
2130:Klein, Cornelis; Philpotts, Anthony (2017).
1943:An introduction to the rock-forming minerals
1935:
1933:
1931:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
2917:Roland., Shanks, Wayne C. Thurston (2012).
2642:Kropschot, S.J.; Doebrich, Jeff L. (2011).
1779:– via Elsevier SD Freedom Collection.
707:under ultraviolet light. Sphalerite can be
3670:
3645:
3631:
3623:
3283:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
2724:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2035:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1974:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1829:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1276:The zinc in sphalerite is used to produce
933:Sources of high quality crystals include:
645:Sphalerite possesses perfect dodecahedral
393:deposits. It is found in association with
3489:
3236:
2969:
2880:
2752:
2655:
2529:
1492:
3515:"A Tour of Colorado Gemstone Localities"
3114:. United States Geological Survey. 2017.
2827:Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology
1716:Richard Rennie and Jonathan Law (2016).
1290:
935:
53:Black crystals of sphalerite with minor
3581:Webster, R., Read, P. G. (Ed.) (2000).
2207:
2205:
1459:
1339:
749:International Mineralogical Association
3386:
2934:
2899:
2888:
2717:
2644:"Zinc-The key to preventing corrosion"
2215:, geology.com. Retrieved 22 Feb. 2022.
2028:
1967:
1822:
576:The chemical formula of sphalerite is
38:
2004:Photo atlas of mineral pseudomorphism
1629:– via Scholars Portal Journals.
770:volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits
7:
1469:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
2873:"Mississippi valley-type lead-zinc"
491:The crystal structure of sphalerite
4161:Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)
2835:10.1016/b978-0-12-820585-3.00009-0
2377:Journal of Geochemical Exploration
1652:Introduction to optical mineralogy
557:, taking the crystal structure of
377:. It is the most important ore of
25:
3086:"Zinc Statistics and Information"
2273:Manutchehr-Danai, Mohsen (2009).
553:. Sphalerite has been found as a
183:a = 5.406 Å; Z = 4
4178:
2745:Scientific Investigations Report
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
808:, with minor sulfosalts such as
774:Mississippi-valley type deposits
47:
4141:Magmatic nickel-copper-iron-PGE
4131:Kambalda-type komatiitic nickel
3238:10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.04.008
3147:10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.11.005
2502:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2483:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.01.002
2444:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.03.018
2358:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.03.001
2276:Dictionary of gems and gemology
2114:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.12.017
2056:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1769:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134676
1433:Sphalerite crystal in geodized
495:Sphalerite crystallizes in the
4151:Sedimentary exhalative (SedEx)
2829:, Elsevier, pp. 313–348,
2782:Understanding Mineral Deposits
651:Mohs scale of mineral hardness
32:Zincblende (crystal structure)
1:
4126:Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG)
3539:10.1080/00357529.2002.9925639
1991:, ICCD reference 04-004-3804.
1906:10.1080/00357529.2003.9926742
1157:Eagle mine, Gilman district,
4235:Zincblende crystal structure
3571:Dana's Manual of Mineralogy
3303:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102657
2993:Muntyan, Barbara L. (1999).
2790:10.1007/978-94-011-3925-0_13
2522:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90440-8
2397:10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106416
2188:10.1016/j.mineng.2019.02.012
1593:Muntyan, Barbara L. (1999).
869:Volcanogenic massive sulfide
391:volcanogenic massive sulfide
279:Adamantine, resinous, greasy
4225:Minerals in space group 216
2956:du Bray, Edward A. (1995).
2571:10.2113/gsecongeo.87.7.1897
2001:Kloprogge, J. Theo (2017).
545:polymorph of sphalerite is
483:Crystal habit and structure
289:brownish white, pale yellow
4261:
4240:Minerals described in 1847
4116:Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc
3434:10.1007/s11837-020-04372-5
2618:10.2113/gsecongeo.71.3.613
1649:Nesse, William D. (2013).
678:wide-bandgap semiconductor
29:
4174:
3182:10.1007/s00126-013-0506-z
3019:10.1080/00357529909602545
2076:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.045
1719:A dictionary of chemistry
1619:10.1080/00357529909602545
1574:. Mineral Data Publishing
46:
27:Zinc-iron sulfide mineral
3618:Minerals of Franklin, NJ
3603:The sphalerite structure
3324:Tylecote, R. F. (2002).
3056:10.4324/9780203403556-47
2228:Klein & Hurlbut 1993
1880:Cook, Robert B. (2003).
1795:Klein, Cornelis (2017).
1685:Glocker, Ernst Friedrich
1169:Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua
246:perfect dodecahedral on
3656:, mineral mixtures and
3327:A history of metallurgy
3252:Craddock, P.T. (1990).
2776:Misra, Kula C. (2000),
1260:by miners (from German
1148:Smith County, Tennessee
1133:Ottawa County, Oklahoma
1124:Jasper County, Missouri
1115:Cherokee County, Kansas
1108:including deposits near
1019:Madan, Smolyan Province
856:Mississippi-Valley type
434:Ernst Friedrich Glocker
387:Mississippi-Valley type
3359:S., McGee, E. (1999).
2898:Cite journal requires
2871:Sangster, D F (1995).
2248:Handbook of Mineralogy
1572:Handbook of Mineralogy
1473:Mineralogical Magazine
1296:
1159:Eagle County, Colorado
794:Sedimentary exhalative
788:Sedimentary exhalitive
669:
492:
383:sedimentary exhalative
4166:Orogenic gold deposit
4111:Banded iron formation
2995:"Colorado Sphalerite"
2821:Haldar, S.K. (2020),
2690:Arndt, N. T. (2015).
1595:"Colorado Sphalerite"
1294:
878:in Ontario, Urals in
766:hydrothermal deposits
667:
490:
336:Other characteristics
108:Strunz classification
4230:Luminescent minerals
3519:Rocks & Minerals
2999:Rocks & Minerals
2754:10.3133/sir20105070n
2168:Minerals Engineering
1940:Deer, W. A. (2013).
1886:Rocks & Minerals
1599:Rocks & Minerals
768:, sedimentary beds,
721:Franklin, New Jersey
256:Uneven to conchoidal
4185:Minerals portal
4121:Heavy mineral sands
3531:2002RoMin..77..218M
3482:2019Mine....9..461V
3426:2020JOM....72.4505H
3295:2020JArSR..34j2657X
3229:2017RePol..52..327F
3174:2014MinDe..49..471F
3162:Mineralium Deposita
3139:2016RePol..47...38F
3011:1999RoMin..74..220M
2610:1976EcGeo..71..613H
2563:1992EcGeo..87.1897V
2514:1993GeCoA..57..417N
2475:2016OGRv...76....1A
2463:Ore Geology Reviews
2436:2018OGRv...95..639Z
2424:Ore Geology Reviews
2389:2020JCExp.20906416K
2350:2011OGRv...39..188Y
2338:Ore Geology Reviews
2180:2019MiEng.136..168D
2106:2016OGRv...76...52F
2094:Ore Geology Reviews
2068:2009GeCoA..73.4761C
1898:2003RoMin..78..330C
1757:Electrochimica Acta
1611:1999RoMin..74..220M
1494:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1485:2021MinM...85..291W
1467:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1314:Tomb of the Unknown
1142:Elmwood mine, near
735:mining district in
641:Physical properties
588:with composition Zn
497:face-centered cubic
118:Dana classification
3491:10.3390/min9080461
2657:10.3133/fs20113016
1297:
1256:originally called
1106:Tri-State district
670:
660:Optical properties
493:
314:Optical properties
4192:
4191:
4099:
4098:
3420:(12): 4505–4513.
3065:978-0-203-40355-6
2844:978-0-12-820585-3
2799:978-94-010-5752-3
2703:978-3-319-17232-3
2143:978-1-107-15540-4
2062:(16): 4761–4791.
2014:978-0-12-803703-4
1953:978-0-903056-27-4
1808:978-1-107-15540-4
1729:978-0-19-178954-0
1662:978-0-19-984627-6
1243:
1242:
1023:Rhodope Mountains
971:Lengenbach Quarry
848:and Mehdiabad in
432:German geologist
350:
349:
201:Interactive image
16:(Redirected from
4252:
4210:Sulfide minerals
4183:
4182:
4181:
4136:Lateritic nickel
4092:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4009:
3997:
3985:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3703:
3691:
3671:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3624:
3559:
3558:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3384:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3217:Resources Policy
3208:
3202:
3201:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3127:Resources Policy
3122:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3040:
3031:
3030:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2971:10.3133/ofr95831
2962:Open-File Report
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2884:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2715:
2687:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2598:Economic Geology
2589:
2583:
2582:
2557:(7): 1897–1905.
2551:Economic Geology
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2270:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2216:
2211:Hobart M. King,
2209:
2200:
2199:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2026:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1877:
1860:
1859:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1820:
1792:
1781:
1780:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1646:
1631:
1630:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1569:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:, WebMineral.com
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1464:
1448:List of minerals
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1346:
1310:Lincoln Memorial
1272:Brass and bronze
936:
886:, and Besshi in
834:British Columbia
725:Franklin Furnace
709:triboluminescent
693:refractive index
579:
511:
376:
361:chemical formula
323:Refractive index
305:Specific gravity
266:
203:
196:
172:
156:
147:
144:Hextetrahedral (
92:
87:
86:(repeating unit)
51:
39:
21:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4179:
4177:
4170:
4146:Porphyry copper
4095:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4038:
4026:
4012:
4003:
3991:
3979:
3963:
3954:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3822:
3806:
3797:
3785:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3660:
3651:
3599:
3568:
3566:Further reading
3563:
3562:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3385:
3373:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3338:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3042:
3041:
3034:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2933:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2897:
2887:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2845:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2716:
2704:
2689:
2688:
2673:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2287:
2272:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2203:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2144:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2027:
2015:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1966:
1954:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1879:
1878:
1863:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1809:
1794:
1793:
1784:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1730:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1647:
1634:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1522:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1422:
1419:
1410:
1407:
1398:
1395:
1386:
1383:
1374:
1371:
1362:
1359:
1350:
1347:
1338:
1320:Galvanized iron
1302:
1274:
1253:
1248:
1126:
1118:
1109:
1082:Yukon Territory
1068:Primorskiy Kray
1036:Picos de Europa
955:
896:
871:
858:
798:back-arc basins
790:
757:
717:
662:
643:
638:
595:
591:
577:
509:
485:
363:
357:sulfide mineral
330:
264:
194:
170:
154:
149:
145:
90:
85:
84:
75:Sulfide mineral
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4258:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Cubic minerals
4217:
4212:
4207:
4197:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4069:
4057:
4045:
4033:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3949:
3937:
3925:
3913:
3901:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3816:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3704:
3692:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3597:External links
3595:
3594:
3593:
3579:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3525:(4): 218–238.
3505:
3455:
3400:
3371:
3351:
3336:
3316:
3269:
3262:
3244:
3203:
3168:(4): 471–486.
3152:
3117:
3101:
3077:
3064:
3032:
3005:(4): 220–235.
2985:
2948:
2909:
2900:|journal=
2882:10.4095/207988
2863:
2843:
2810:
2798:
2768:
2731:
2702:
2671:
2631:
2604:(3): 613–624.
2584:
2537:
2508:(2): 417–427.
2488:
2449:
2410:
2363:
2344:(4): 188–217.
2324:
2300:
2285:
2260:
2232:
2230:, p. 357.
2217:
2201:
2157:
2142:
2119:
2081:
2042:
2013:
1993:
1981:
1952:
1927:
1892:(5): 330–334.
1861:
1854:
1836:
1807:
1782:
1743:
1728:
1705:
1676:
1661:
1632:
1605:(4): 220–235.
1585:
1555:
1530:
1508:
1479:(3): 291–320.
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1317:
1301:
1298:
1273:
1270:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1111:Baxter Springs
1102:
1101:
1098:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:Czech Republic
997:
987:
986:
981:
967:
966:
963:
961:Harz Mountains
944:
943:
940:
895:
892:
870:
867:
857:
854:
789:
786:
756:
753:
716:
713:
661:
658:
642:
639:
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593:
589:
484:
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228:
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224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
208:Identification
205:
204:
197:
190:
189:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
165:
159:
158:
142:
136:
135:
130:
128:Crystal system
124:
123:
120:
114:
113:
110:
104:
103:
100:
94:
93:
88:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4257:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4215:Zinc minerals
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4187:
4186:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:Deposit types
4102:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4034:
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2286:9783540727958
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2024:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1936:
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1932:
1928:
1923:
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1620:
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1495:
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1376:
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1357:
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1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:medieval ages
1279:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
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1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1107:
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1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
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1069:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
991:Horní Slavkov
989:
988:
985:
982:
980:
976:
972:
969:
968:
964:
962:
958:
953:
949:
946:
945:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:, Australia,
905:
901:
893:
891:
889:
885:
882:, Troodos in
881:
877:
868:
866:
864:
863:United States
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:Sullivan Mine
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
787:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
755:Deposit types
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
701:
699:
698:birefringence
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
666:
659:
657:
654:
652:
648:
640:
635:
633:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
587:
583:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
505:
501:
498:
489:
482:
480:
478:
474:
473:
468:
464:
463:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
423:rhodochrosite
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
222:Crystal habit
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
198:
191:
186:
182:
180:
176:
169:
166:
164:
160:
152:
143:
141:
140:Crystal class
137:
134:
131:
129:
125:
121:
119:
115:
111:
109:
105:
101:
99:
95:
89:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4176:
3951:
3856:Chalcopyrite
3658:ore deposits
3654:Ore minerals
3613:Minerals.net
3582:
3522:
3518:
3508:
3473:
3469:
3458:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3361:
3354:
3326:
3319:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3253:
3247:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3110:
3104:
3093:. Retrieved
3090:www.usgs.gov
3089:
3080:
3069:. Retrieved
3047:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2961:
2951:
2919:
2912:
2891:cite journal
2866:
2856:, retrieved
2826:
2803:, retrieved
2781:
2771:
2744:
2734:
2692:
2647:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2316:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2275:
2252:. Retrieved
2247:
2241:"Sphalerite"
2235:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2132:
2097:
2093:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2003:
1996:
1984:
1942:
1889:
1885:
1845:
1839:
1797:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1718:
1689:
1679:
1651:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1571:
1565:"Sphalerite"
1558:
1548:, retrieved
1539:
1533:
1523:, retrieved
1517:
1511:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1223:Huancavelica
1066:Dalnegorsk,
1034:Aliva mine,
932:
897:
872:
859:
818:boulangerite
810:tetrahedrite
791:
758:
741:Breitenbrunn
728:
718:
702:
690:
674:zinc sulfide
671:
655:
644:
598:
575:
563:tetrahedrite
527:metacinnabar
514:
506:
494:
476:
470:
466:
461:
460:
442:
437:
431:
399:chalcopyrite
352:
351:
173:3m (No. 216)
167:
55:chalcopyrite
36:
3940:Pentlandite
3916:Molybdenite
3683:Cassiterite
3223:: 327–335.
2430:: 639–648.
2174:: 168–174.
1306:Yule Marble
1286:Jin Dynasty
1078:Watson Lake
1053:Alston Moor
1038:Mountains,
984:Switzerland
842:Broken Hill
814:freibergite
686:pleochroism
555:pseudomorph
519:colaradoite
504:space group
472:ruby blende
462:zinc blende
405:(and other
295:Diaphaneity
163:Space group
122:02.08.02.01
18:Zinc blende
4199:Categories
4084:Wolframite
4060:Sperrylite
3969:Carbonates
3952:Sphalerite
3921:molybdenum
3868:Chalcocite
3771:Pyrolusite
3476:(8): 461.
3381:1004947563
3289:: 102657.
3095:2021-02-25
3071:2021-02-25
2858:2021-03-26
2805:2021-03-26
2648:Fact Sheet
2383:: 106416.
2318:2021-02-25
2254:2022-09-20
2213:Sphalerite
1855:047157452X
1763:: 134676.
1550:2011-06-20
1545:Mindat.org
1540:Sphalerite
1525:2011-06-20
1518:Sphalerite
1454:References
1435:brachiopod
1325:Batteries.
1233:Zinkgruvan
924:Kazakhstan
894:Localities
876:Kidd Creek
802:pyrrhotite
729:cleiophane
636:Properties
535:tiemannite
515:vice versa
500:zincblende
467:black-jack
353:Sphalerite
344:References
262:Mohs scale
151:H-M symbol
98:IMA symbol
42:Sphalerite
4205:Gemstones
4072:Scheelite
4053:beryllium
4041:aluminium
4001:Malachite
3994:magnesium
3989:Magnesite
3982:magnesium
3892:Cobaltite
3832:Argentite
3820:Acanthite
3795:Uraninite
3783:Tantalite
3776:manganese
3759:Magnetite
3723:Columbite
3555:128754037
3547:0035-7529
3500:2075-163X
3450:224897123
3442:1047-4838
3389:cite book
3346:705004248
3311:229414402
3198:129902592
3190:0026-4598
3133:: 38–50.
3027:0035-7529
2980:2331-1258
2937:cite book
2929:809680409
2853:226572449
2763:2328-0328
2720:cite book
2712:914168910
2666:2327-6932
2626:1554-0774
2579:1554-0774
2405:210265207
2295:646793373
2196:182111130
2152:975051556
2100:: 52–78.
2031:cite book
2023:999727666
1970:cite book
1962:858884283
1922:130762310
1914:0035-7529
1825:cite book
1817:962853030
1777:202080193
1738:936373100
1700:995480390
1691:prodromus
1671:817795500
1627:0035-7529
1503:235729616
1266:deceiving
1251:Metal ore
1214:Casapalca
1183:Chihuahua
1092:Flin Flon
1040:Cantabria
846:Australia
838:Mount Isa
806:marcasite
715:Varieties
705:fluoresce
630:tellurium
617:germanium
609:manganese
543:hexagonal
531:stilleite
523:hawleyite
477:Marmatite
453:germanium
438:sphaleros
359:with the
317:Isotropic
188:Structure
179:Unit cell
4089:tungsten
4077:tungsten
4065:platinum
3977:Dolomite
3880:Cinnabar
3812:Sulfides
3788:tantalum
3752:titanium
3747:Ilmenite
3735:Hematite
3716:tantalum
3700:chromium
3695:Chromite
3470:Minerals
2469:: 1–18.
1578:14 March
1442:See also
1329:Gemstone
1144:Carthage
1096:Manitoba
1061:England
1042:Province
1028:Bulgaria
965:Germany
948:Freiberg
942:Country
737:Colombia
647:cleavage
626:selenium
578:(Zn,Fe)S
547:wurtzite
427:fluorite
415:dolomite
407:sulfides
265:hardness
252:Fracture
242:Cleavage
232:Twinning
112:2.CB.05a
91:(Zn,Fe)S
71:Category
4245:Blendes
4156:Uranium
4036:Bauxite
3885:mercury
3844:Bornite
3800:uranium
3728:niobium
3712:niobium
3527:Bibcode
3478:Bibcode
3422:Bibcode
3291:Bibcode
3225:Bibcode
3170:Bibcode
3135:Bibcode
3007:Bibcode
2606:Bibcode
2559:Bibcode
2510:Bibcode
2471:Bibcode
2432:Bibcode
2385:Bibcode
2346:Bibcode
2176:Bibcode
2102:Bibcode
2064:Bibcode
1894:Bibcode
1607:Bibcode
1481:Bibcode
1336:Gallery
1201:Mexico
1193:Cananea
1187:Mexico
1173:Mexico
1100:Canada
1086:Canada
1072:Russia
1057:Cumbria
1012:Romania
995:Příbram
975:Binntal
957:Neudorf
928:England
916:Ireland
904:Germany
822:Red Dog
778:granite
776:(MVT),
772:(VMS),
733:Marmato
613:gallium
605:mercury
601:cadmium
571:calcite
539:diamond
449:gallium
445:cadmium
411:calcite
331:= 2.369
309:3.9–4.2
82:Formula
66:General
59:calcite
4029:barium
4024:Baryte
4006:copper
3945:nickel
3928:Pyrite
3904:Galena
3897:cobalt
3873:copper
3861:copper
3849:copper
3837:silver
3825:silver
3707:Coltan
3675:Oxides
3589:
3575:
3553:
3545:
3498:
3448:
3440:
3379:
3369:
3344:
3334:
3309:
3260:
3196:
3188:
3062:
3044:"Zinc"
3025:
2978:
2927:
2851:
2841:
2796:
2761:
2710:
2700:
2664:
2624:
2577:
2403:
2293:
2283:
2250:. 2005
2194:
2150:
2140:
2021:
2011:
1960:
1950:
1920:
1912:
1852:
1815:
1805:
1775:
1736:
1726:
1698:
1669:
1659:
1625:
1501:
1258:blende
1238:Sweden
1206:Huaron
1197:Sonora
1129:Picher
1120:Joplin
979:Valais
952:Saxony
908:Canada
900:Mexico
884:Cyprus
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