966:
954:
978:
97:
The choice of moderator and fuel was dictated by the undeveloped state of the French nuclear industry at the time, which could not manufacture the corrosion-proof equipment needed for a more advanced unit. The reactor was a pool-type design, with five tons of heavy water
891:
759:
886:
764:
102:
surrounded by a two-meter-thick concrete wall. The core, immersed in the pool, consisted of 60 aluminum-cased vertical rods containing three tons of uranium oxide pellets, controlled by
785:
688:
345:
165:
917:
780:
836:
1046:
922:
338:
992:
1036:
513:
455:
317:
266:
198:
110:. A cooling system was added after the reactor had operated for a time, allowing it to run at a heat release rate of 200 kilowatts.
1041:
912:
430:
331:
896:
831:
450:
420:
503:
375:
1031:
718:
693:
598:
593:
477:
460:
415:
390:
55:
32:
425:
380:
216:
841:
790:
671:
51:
944:
487:
440:
435:
405:
395:
169:
982:
933:
492:
482:
445:
410:
400:
385:
732:
124:(zero power, that is, very little capacity to produce electricity, which made it easier and faster to build);
78:
heavy-water reactor. Zoé was activated on 15 December 1948, reaching a power of 150 kW by 1953. The
826:
555:
550:
545:
354:
83:
618:
728:
291:
743:
677:
666:
560:
508:
846:
661:
228:
87:
47:
704:
36:
856:
94:. The reactor was shut down in March 1976 and containment of the reactor was completed in 1977.
313:
262:
99:
138:(heavy water). The Châtillon site was superseded for later nuclear research by a new site at
871:
683:
630:
587:
236:
861:
59:
866:
191:
232:
881:
851:
613:
497:
145:
The building that formerly housed Zoé is now an exhibit space, the Museum of the Atom.
28:
1025:
970:
958:
738:
142:. The reactor was also known as EL-1 (Eau Lourde); its successor at Saclay was EL-2.
540:
281:
Pinault, Michel, Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Editions Odile Jacob, Paris (2000), pg. 359
240:
79:
67:
807:
774:
107:
713:
1007:
994:
259:
Nuclear
Weapons Databook: Vol. V, British, French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons
965:
796:
656:
91:
608:
257:
Norris, Robert S.; Burrows, Andrew S.; Fieldhouse, Richard W. (1994). "4".
323:
90:
the irradiated fuel and extracted the first milligrams of French-produced
635:
603:
892:
Groupement des scientifiques pour l'information sur l'énergie nucléaire
876:
723:
114:
103:
139:
71:
802:
769:
40:
261:. Westview Press/Natural Resources Defense Council. p. 182.
624:
75:
327:
74:, where he had supervised the construction of the Canadian
696:(Bollène, Lapalud, Pierrelatte, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
689:
Meuse/Haute Marne
Underground Research Laboratory (Andra)
942:
905:
817:
752:
703:
649:
570:
533:
526:
470:
368:
361:
292:"Site de Fontenay-aux-Roses - La pile Zoé.htm"
339:
54:, who was at the time director of the French
8:
530:
365:
346:
332:
324:
106:rods. The heavy water was purchased from
949:
252:
250:
197:(Report). Central Intelligence Agency:
154:
837:1999 Blayais Nuclear Power Plant flood
312:, Editions Odile Jacob, Paris, 2000. (
217:"Atomic Energy Developments in France"
210:
208:
160:
158:
7:
934:List of nuclear reactors in France
192:The French Nuclear Weapons Program
66:) or CEA. The project manager was
14:
221:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
199:Office of Scientific Intelligence
166:"Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie"
64:Commissariat à l'énergie atomique
976:
964:
952:
918:Nuclear power stations in France
227:(5). Chicago: 139–140, 154–155.
168:. Institut Curie. Archived from
832:Anti-nuclear movement in France
294:(in French). CEA. 24 July 2023.
810:(formerly COGEMA and Areva NC)
241:10.1080/00963402.1948.11460199
31:. It was built in 1947 at the
1:
70:, who had just returned from
1047:Nuclear technology in France
923:Nuclear technology in France
56:Commission for Atomic Energy
463:(Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux)
82:was provided by Bouchet of
16:First French atomic reactor
1063:
1037:Military nuclear reactors
931:
842:Death of Sébastien Briat
215:Kowarski, L (May 1948).
1042:Nuclear power in France
913:Nuclear power in France
827:Accidents and incidents
680:(Marcoule, Pierrelatte)
571:Research, experimental,
355:Nuclear power in France
84:Ballancourt-sur-Essonne
50:was started in 1947 by
27:, was the first French
694:Tricastin Nuclear Site
672:Institut Laue–Langevin
662:CEA Fontenay-aux-Roses
63:
791:Électricité de France
514:Saint-Laurent (A1/A2)
310:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
52:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1032:Heavy water reactors
627:(under construction)
621:(under construction)
563:(under construction)
534:Power plant reactors
113:The name Zoé was an
46:Design work for the
1004: /
897:Sortir du nucléaire
799:(formerly Areva NP)
233:1948BuAtS...4e.139K
201:. 13 November 1959.
48:heavy-water reactor
1008:48.7906°N 2.2761°E
983:Nuclear technology
906:Related categories
650:Research locations
573:prototype reactors
546:CP0, CP1, CP2, CPY
498:Creys-Malville SPX
37:Fontenay-aux-Roses
940:
939:
645:
644:
522:
521:
488:Chinon (A1/A2/A3)
308:Pinault, Michel,
131:(uranium oxide),
33:Fort de Châtillon
1054:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
981:
980:
979:
969:
968:
957:
956:
955:
948:
872:Dominique Voynet
818:Public discourse
599:EL-4 (Brennilis)
588:CEA Paris-Saclay
531:
366:
348:
341:
334:
325:
296:
295:
288:
282:
279:
273:
272:
254:
245:
244:
212:
203:
202:
196:
188:
182:
181:
179:
177:
162:
122:éro de puissance
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1022:
1021:
1013:48.7906; 2.2761
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
998:
995:
993:
991:
990:
989:
987:
977:
975:
963:
953:
951:
943:
941:
936:
927:
901:
862:Mycle Schneider
857:Stéphane Lhomme
847:André Larivière
819:
813:
777:(formerly DCNS)
748:
699:
641:
574:
572:
566:
518:
466:
357:
352:
305:
300:
299:
290:
289:
285:
280:
276:
269:
256:
255:
248:
214:
213:
206:
194:
190:
189:
185:
175:
173:
164:
163:
156:
151:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1023:
986:
985:
973:
961:
938:
937:
932:
929:
928:
926:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
882:Solange Fernex
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Corinne Lepage
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
820:and opposition
815:
814:
812:
811:
805:
800:
794:
788:
783:
778:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
726:
721:
716:
710:
708:
701:
700:
698:
697:
691:
686:
681:
675:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:
647:
646:
643:
642:
640:
639:
633:
628:
622:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
584:
578:
576:
568:
567:
565:
564:
558:
553:
548:
543:
537:
535:
528:
524:
523:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
490:
485:
480:
474:
472:
468:
467:
465:
464:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
372:
370:
363:
359:
358:
353:
351:
350:
343:
336:
328:
322:
321:
304:
301:
298:
297:
283:
274:
267:
246:
204:
183:
153:
152:
150:
147:
129:xyde d'uranium
39:, a suburb of
29:atomic reactor
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1017:
984:
974:
972:
967:
962:
960:
950:
946:
935:
930:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
904:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:Yves Marignac
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
816:
809:
806:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
753:Organisations
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
734:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
709:
706:
702:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
657:CEA Cadarache
655:
654:
652:
648:
637:
634:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
589:
585:
583:
580:
579:
577:
569:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
536:
532:
529:
527:Reactor types
525:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:(Superphénix)
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
473:
469:
462:
459:
457:
456:Saint-Laurent
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
371:
367:
364:
360:
356:
349:
344:
342:
337:
335:
330:
329:
326:
319:
318:2-7381-0812-1
315:
311:
307:
306:
302:
293:
287:
284:
278:
275:
270:
268:0-8133-1612-X
264:
260:
253:
251:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
211:
209:
205:
200:
193:
187:
184:
172:on 2010-06-03
171:
167:
161:
159:
155:
148:
146:
143:
141:
137:
135:
130:
128:
123:
121:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
988:
867:Monique Sené
678:CEA Marcoule
667:CEA Grenoble
586:EL-2, EL-3 (
581:
575:and concepts
362:Power plants
309:
303:Bibliography
286:
277:
258:
224:
220:
186:
174:. Retrieved
170:the original
144:
133:
132:
126:
125:
119:
118:
112:
96:
80:nuclear fuel
68:Lew Kowarski
45:
24:
20:
18:
1011: /
808:Orano Cycle
775:Naval Group
614:Superphénix
451:Saint-Alban
421:Flamanville
108:Norsk Hydro
88:reprocessed
21:Zoé reactor
1026:Categories
996:48°47′26″N
705:Fuel cycle
684:CEA Saclay
674:(Grenoble)
582:EL-1 (Zoé)
504:Fessenheim
431:Gravelines
376:Belleville
149:References
999:2°16′34″E
797:Framatome
719:Tricastin
707:locations
638:(concept)
478:Brennilis
461:Tricastin
416:Dampierre
136:au lourde
100:moderator
92:plutonium
739:La Hague
636:Flexblue
604:Rapsodie
509:Marcoule
391:Cattenom
176:26 April
86:, which
945:Portals
887:CRIIRAD
724:Eurodif
714:Malvési
551:P4, P'4
493:Chooz A
483:Bugey 1
426:Golfech
381:Blayais
229:Bibcode
117:, from
115:acronym
104:cadmium
971:Energy
959:France
760:ANCCLI
744:Manche
729:Romans
631:ASTRID
609:Phénix
471:Closed
441:Paluel
436:Nogent
406:Civaux
396:Chinon
369:Active
316:
265:
140:Saclay
72:Canada
60:French
803:Orano
793:(EDF)
770:Areva
765:Andra
446:Penly
411:Cruas
401:Chooz
386:Bugey
195:(PDF)
41:Paris
23:, or
625:ITER
541:UNGG
314:ISBN
263:ISBN
178:2010
76:ZEEP
25:EL-1
19:The
786:CEA
781:ASN
619:JHR
594:TFR
561:EPR
237:doi
35:in
1028::
733:fr
556:N4
249:^
235:.
223:.
219:.
207:^
157:^
62::
43:.
947::
735:)
731:(
590:)
347:e
340:t
333:v
320:)
271:.
243:.
239::
231::
225:4
180:.
134:E
127:O
120:Z
58:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.