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66:
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392:, the senior co-ruler, prevented his nieces from marrying any of the Byzantine nobility, as this would have given their husbands a claim on the imperial throne. As women they were unable to exercise any state authority; their only say in this was in choosing, or more likely accepting or not, a husband who would acquire their authority upon marriage. Consequently, Zoe lived a life of virtual obscurity in the imperial
621:
Officially Zoe was the senior empress, and her throne was situated slightly in front of
Theodora's on all public occasions. In practice Theodora was the driving force behind the joint administration. The sisters proceeded to administer the empire, focusing on curbing the sale of public offices and on
500:
Zoe was obsessed with continuing the
Macedonian dynasty. Almost immediately upon marrying Romanos the fifty-year-old Zoe tried desperately to become pregnant. She used magic charms, amulets, and potions, all without effect. This failure to conceive helped alienate the couple, and soon Romanos refused
542:
to officiate at the coronation of the new emperor. Although he initially refused to co-operate, the payment of 50 pounds of gold helped change his mind. Zoe's new husband took power as
Michael IV. His abrupt rise to power had left him unprepared to rule, and he delegated much of the business of
467:
of
Constantinople, was the next to be considered as a match. Theodora defied her father by refusing to marry Romanos, arguing that he was already married – his wife having been forced to become a nun to allow Romanos to marry into the imperial family – and that as third
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in 996 failed to materialise, Zoe spent subsequent years in the imperial palace. Her uncle Basil died in 1025 when Zoe was 47, and her father acceded the
Byzantine throne as Constantine VIII. As he had no sons, Constantine hoped to continue the dynasty by marrying off one of his daughters. Zoe, aged
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Spending years in the same restrictive quarters with her sister, Zoe had come to loathe
Theodora. Zoe convinced Romanos to appoint one of his own men as the chief of Theodora's household, with orders to spy on her. Shortly afterwards, Theodora was accused of plotting to usurp the throne, first with
468:
cousins they had too close a blood relationship for marriage to occur. Consequently, Constantine VIII chose Zoe to be
Romanos's wife. Zoe and Romanos married on 10 November 1028 in the imperial chapel of the palace. The next day Constantine died and the newlyweds were seated on the imperial throne.
625:
Theodora and Zoe appeared together at meetings of the Senate and gave public audiences, but it was soon apparent that their joint reign was under strain. Zoe was still jealous of
Theodora and had no desire to administer the empire; but she would not allow Theodora to conduct public business alone.
605:
and the people demanded that the sisters should jointly reign. As her first act
Theodora was called upon to deal with Michael V. Zoe wanted to pardon and free Michael, but Theodora was clear and adamant. She initially guaranteed Michael's safety, but then ordered him to be blinded and to spend the
588:
Constantine
Cabasilas went to the monastery at Petrion to convince Theodora to become co-empress alongside her sister. Theodora had become accustomed to a life of religious contemplation and tried to refuse the proposal, but the delegates brought her forcibly back to the capital. At an assembly in
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Her preference was for Constantine Dalassenos, who had been her father's first choice as her husband back in 1028. He was brought for an audience before the Empress, but during their conversation his independent and forceful manner displeased Zoe, and he was dismissed from her presence. Her next
668:
In the eyes of the public however, Constantine IX's preferential treatment of Skleraina was a scandal, and eventually rumours began to spread that Skleraina was planning to murder Zoe, and possibly Theodora. This led to a popular uprising by the citizens of Constantinople in 1044, which came
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dangerously close to actually harming Constantine who was participating in a religious procession along the streets of Constantinople. The mob was only quieted by the appearance on a balcony of Zoe and Theodora, who reassured the people that they were not in any danger of assassination.
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choice was the married Constantine Atroklines, a court official with whom it was rumoured that she had had an affair during the reign of Romanos III. He died under mysterious circumstances a few days before the wedding was to take place, possibly poisoned by his own soon to be ex-wife.
659:. Not content with bringing her to court, he insisted that he be allowed to publicly share his life with her, and that she obtain some official recognition. The 64-year-old Zoe did not object to sharing her bed and her throne with Skleraina. Skleraina was given the title of
349:, transferring power to him. However, she continued to rule the empire as its heir and as the Byzantine empress. Eight years later, Zoe died aged 72. Her reign saw the decline of the Roman army, and the first incursions by the Turks into eastern Anatolia.
626:
The court began to split, with factions forming behind each empress. After two months of increasing acrimony, Zoe decided to search for a new husband – thereby denying Theodora the opportunity to increase her influence. By the rules of the
676:
commented that "every part of her was firm and in good condition". Recognising her own beauty and its use as a tool of statecraft, Zoe attempted to maximise and prolong its effect with a variety of treatments. She operated a cosmetics laboratory in the
681:, and was said to have carried out experiments to improve the efficacy of the perfumes and unguents prepared there. Psellus reports that her face looked youthful into her sixties. Zoe died in 1050, aged 72. She was buried in Constantinople.
550:
Although Zoe believed Michael would prove to be a more devoted husband than Romanos, she was mistaken. Fearing that Zoe would turn on him as she had turned on his predecessor, Michael excluded her from politics and sent her back to the
652:, another former lover. The pair were married on 11 June 1042, without the participation of Patriarch Alexios, who refused to officiate over a third marriage (for both spouses). Constantine was crowned by the patriarch the next day.
622:
the administration of justice. Although contemporary historian Michael Psellus claimed the joint reign was a complete failure, John Scylitzes stated that they were very conscientious in rectifying the abuses of the previous reigns.
428:
When Basil II died, Constantine VIII took the throne. His reign as sole emperor lasted less than three years, from 15 December 1025 to 11 November 1028. Another opportunity for Zoe to marry arose in 1028 when an embassy from the
511:
In early 1034 Romanos became ill and it was widely believed that Zoe and Michael were conspiring to have him poisoned. On 11 April Romanos was found dying in his bath. According to court official and later chronicler
445:, was only ten years old. Constantine determined that the ruling house would be continued by one of his daughters being married to an appropriate aristocrat. The first potential match was the distinguished noble
421:, was a very plain girl. Arnulf, therefore, selected the attractive 23-year-old Zoe, to which Basil II agreed. In January 1002 she accompanied Arnulf back to Italy, only to discover when the ship reached
337:, or both. Zoe and Michael were married on the same day as the supposed murder, and he was crowned Emperor Michael IV on the following day. In 1041, Zoe was persuaded to adopt her dying husband's nephew,
558:
Michael's health was bad throughout his reign, and by 1041 it was obvious that he was dying. Eager to ensure that power remained in his hands, John the Eunuch forced Zoe to adopt his nephew
562:. On 10 December 1041, Michael IV died, refusing to the last to see his wife who begged that she be allowed to visit him one more time. Kalaphates was crowned emperor as Michael V.
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the people escorted a furious Theodora and proclaimed her empress along with Zoe. They were both crowned on 21 April and Michael V was forced to take refuge in a monastery.
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Zoe, furious and frustrated, engaged in a number of affairs. Romanos tolerated these and took a mistress himself. In 1033 Zoe became enamoured of a low-born servant called
1306:: "Michaelus in monasterium Elegmorum, 21 die Aprilis... Augusta Zoe nupsit... die Iunii undecima anni eius quem supra indicavimus. postridie coronatus est a patriarcha."
459:. The emperor's advisors preferred a weak ruler whom they could control and they persuaded him to reject Dalassenos after he had already been summoned to the capital.
665:, ranking behind Zoe and Theodora, and was addressed as mistress or empress, like them. At official events Skleraina took position immediately behind the sisters.
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508:. She flaunted her lover openly and spoke about making him emperor. Rumours of her conduct led Romanos to confront Michael, who denied aspiring to the throne.
555:, where she was kept under strict surveillance. The disgruntled empress tried to alter the balance of power by conspiring against John, without success.
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Zoe's marriage to Romanos III was troubled, and Romanos was found dead in his bath in 1034. His death has been variously attributed to Zoe, her lover
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341:. Once Michael V became emperor, he promptly exiled Zoe. This action sparked a popular revolt which dethroned him and installed Zoe and her sister
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with a proposal for an imperial marriage. Constantine and Zoe rejected the idea out of hand when it was revealed that the intended groom,
380:, "born into the purple"; this was the appellation for a child born in the capital to a reigning emperor. She was the second daughter of
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Zoe got more than she bargained for when Constantine decided to bring with him to his new station his long-standing mistress
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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Arab captives, taken after the victory of Nikephoros Karantenos over an Arab fleet, are brought before Emperor Romanos III.
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some of his retinue had "held his head for a long time beneath the water, attempting at the same time to strangle him".
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Panas, Marios; Poulakou-Rebelakou, Effie; Kalfakis, Nicoalos; Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios (September 2012).
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to share the marriage bed with her. Romanos limited his wife's spending and paid her little attention.
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Garland, Lynda (2006). "Zoe Porphyrogenita (wife of Romanus III, Constantine IX, and Michael IV)".
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Zoe and Michael were married on the same day that Romanos III died. The next day they summoned the
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as joint empresses. After a two-month joint reign, Zoe married a former lover who was installed as
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indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
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Although he had pledged to respect Zoe, Michael V promptly banished her to a monastery on
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Zoe immediately assumed power and tried to force Theodora back to her monastery, but the
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Zᴏᴇ, daughter of Constantine VIII, 21 April 1042–11 June 1042 (with her sister Theodora.
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of Petrion. Zoe later visited her sister and forced her to take religious vows.
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As an eligible imperial princess Zoe was considered a possible bride for the
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388:. Her father had become co-emperor, at the age of two, in 962. His brother
1694:"The Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita and the quest for eternal youth"
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Zoe (left), Constantine IX (centre), and Theodora (right) depicted on the
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It is said that Zoe was stunningly beautiful, and Michael Psellos in his
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writes as a simple fact that Romanos was drowned on Michael's orders.
330:. She and Romanos took the throne the next day on her father's death.
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Triumph & Tragedy: The Rise and Fall of Rome's Immortal Emperors
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Catalogue of the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum
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her next marriage, her third, was the last she was permitted.
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of Zoe and Theodora, dating from their joint reign in 1042.
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Michael IV and his men in front of the Bulgarian barricade.
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in 1030, followed by Constantine Diogenes, the governor of
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to a series of co-rulers, two of whom were married to her.
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depicting Basil II and Constantine VIII, holding a cross
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78:: a caption (not shown) reads, "Zoe, the very pious
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597:Ruling with Theodora and Constantine IX: 1042–1050
70:Contemporary mosaic of Zoe presenting a scroll to
34:, who was an ancestor of Zoe Porphyrogenita, see
1641:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
425:that Otto had died, forcing her to return home.
3227:
1846:
1613:History of the Byzantine Empire from 716–1057
8:
4101:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor,
1746:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
648:Zoe then remembered the handsome and urbane
1679:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
994:
768:. Vol. 1. Рипол Классик. p. 682.
4172:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
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1552:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1542:. Translated by E. R. A. Sewter. London.
1459:
472:From Romanos III to Michael V: 1028–1042
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317:was nominal co-emperor to his brother,
1566:Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum
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524:'s account has Zoe poisoning Romanos.
281:
1284:
1282:
543:governing to his brother, the eunuch
57:Empress and Autocratess of the Romans
7:
398:(women's quarters) for many years.
302:. Before that she was enthroned as
1638:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
25:
1595:. Millers Point, N.S.W.: Pier 9.
27:Byzantine empress regnant in 1042
4152:11th-century Byzantine empresses
1711:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2012.00629.x
691:
290:978 – 1050) was a member of the
4197:Daughters of Byzantine emperors
4142:11th-century Byzantine emperors
1698:Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
1616:. William Blackwood & Sons.
1569:. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter.
4182:11th-century empresses regnant
1677:History of The Byzantine State
411:Arnulf II, Archbishop of Milan
321:. After a planned marriage to
298:in 1042, alongside her sister
1:
4177:1040s in the Byzantine Empire
4109:incidates an empress regnant.
1748:. Stanford University Press.
1656:Norwich, John Julius (1993).
1539:[English translation]
354:
313:Zoe was born when her father
287:
165:
4187:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
4147:10th-century Byzantine women
3939:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera
1675:Ostrogorsky, George (1957).
606:rest of his life as a monk.
98:21 April 1042 – 11 June 1042
4162:Byzantine empresses regnant
4157:Remarried empresses consort
1591:Canduci, Alexander (2010).
323:Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
38:. For his second wife, see
4213:
3126:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3077:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2964:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1744:Treadgold, Warren (1997).
707:List of Byzantine emperors
29:
4096:
3974:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
3475:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
3202:
3099:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3067:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2892:Constantine IX Monomachos
1819:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1765:
1735:Sherrard, Philip (1966).
1563:Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973).
271:
144:Byzantine empress consort
89:Byzantine empress regnant
63:
54:
3062:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1624:De Imperatoribus Romanis
617:mosaic of Constantine IX
3892:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3498:Flavia Julia Constantia
2917:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2551:Tiberius II Constantine
1610:Finlay, George (1853).
699:Byzantine Empire portal
584:A delegation headed by
545:John the Orphanotrophos
294:who briefly reigned as
30:For the fourth wife of
3415:Marcia Otacilia Severa
3072:Michael IX Palaiologos
650:Constantine Monomachos
641:
618:
574:
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447:Constantine Dalassenos
417:, while the youngest,
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3979:Theodora Palaiologina
3949:Anna Komnene Angelina
3887:Catherine of Bulgaria
3818:Eudokia Dekapolitissa
3287:Agrippina the Younger
3166:Thessalonian emperors
3160:Trapezuntine emperors
3121:John VIII Palaiologos
3116:Manuel II Palaiologos
3087:John VI Kantakouzenos
3003:Andronikos I Komnenos
2840:Constantine Lekapenos
1868:and empresses regnant
1658:Byzantium: The Apogee
760:Warwick William Wroth
636:
612:
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364:
4050:Sophia of Montferrat
3969:Anna of Hohenstaufen
3828:Theophano Martinakia
3736:Theodora of Khazaria
3369:Julia Cornelia Paula
3332:Faustina the Younger
3104:John VII Palaiologos
3052:Theodore II Laskaris
2912:Constantine X Doukas
2852:Nikephoros II Phokas
1088:, pp. 276, 279.
153:1028–1041, 1042–1050
117:Michael V Kalaphates
4028:Keratsa of Bulgaria
4011:Helena Kantakouzene
3991:Irene of Montferrat
3954:Philippa of Armenia
3934:Margaret of Hungary
3786:Theophano of Athens
3605:Julius Nepos's wife
3420:Herennia Etruscilla
3243:Roman and Byzantine
3035:Theodore I Laskaris
3020:Alexios III Angelos
2998:Alexios II Komnenos
2922:Romanos IV Diogenes
2877:Romanos III Argyros
2823:Romanos I Lekapenos
1767:Zoe Porphyrogenita
1660:. London: Penguin.
826:, pp. 503–504.
737:on 20 December 2018
326:50, was married to
4137:Macedonian dynasty
4055:Maria of Trebizond
4021:Irene Palaiologina
4001:Irene of Brunswick
3959:Maria of Courtenay
3919:Bertha of Sulzbach
3327:Faustina the Elder
3302:Statilia Messalina
3154:Britannic emperors
3148:Palmyrene emperors
3082:John V Palaiologos
3025:Alexios IV Angelos
2974:Constantine Doukas
2969:Alexios I Komnenos
2957:Constantine Doukas
2940:Michael VII Doukas
2902:Michael VI Bringas
2468:Romulus Augustulus
2091:Trebonianus Gallus
2084:Herennius Etruscus
1866:Byzantine emperors
1772:Macedonian dynasty
1739:. Time-Life Books.
1633:Kazhdan, Alexander
642:
619:
575:
560:Michael Kalaphates
533:
482:
403:Holy Roman Emperor
372:
339:Michael Kalaphates
292:Macedonian dynasty
272:Ζωή Πορφυρογέννητη
260:Zoe Porphyrogenita
50:Zoe Porphyrogenita
18:Zoë Porphyrogenita
4114:
4113:
4083:Byzantine emperor
3912:Dobrodeia of Kiev
3688:
3687:
3492:Valeria Maximilla
3430:Cornelia Salonina
3384:Sallustia Orbiana
3209:
3208:
3047:John III Vatatzes
2993:Manuel I Komnenos
2732:Michael I Rangabe
2576:
2575:
2418:Petronius Maximus
2017:Severus Alexander
1985:Septimius Severus
1829:
1828:
1820:Succeeded by
1808:Byzantine Empress
1755:978-0-8047-2630-6
1667:978-0-14-011448-5
1602:978-1-74196-598-8
1585:Secondary sources
1576:978-3-11-002285-8
1472:Panas et al. 2012
1290:Georgius Cedrenus
775:978-5-87507-066-2
522:Matthew of Edessa
431:Holy Roman Empire
296:Byzantine empress
257:
256:
16:(Redirected from
4204:
4167:Porphyrogennetoi
4033:Irene Gattilusio
3944:Eudokia Angelina
3924:Maria of Antioch
3907:Irene of Hungary
3843:Zoe Karbonopsina
3823:Eudokia Ingerina
3696:Byzantine Empire
3559:
3404:Caecilia Paulina
3362:Fulvia Plautilla
3352:Manlia Scantilla
3342:Bruttia Crispina
3277:Milonia Caesonia
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3057:John IV Laskaris
3030:Alexios V Doukas
3015:Isaac II Angelos
2981:John II Komnenos
2907:Isaac I Komnenos
2867:Constantine VIII
2857:John I Tzimiskes
2584:Byzantine Empire
2358:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1798:Preceded by
1788:
1781:
1763:
1759:
1740:
1731:
1713:
1688:
1671:
1652:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1580:
1557:
1551:
1543:
1526:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
995:Ostrogorsky 1957
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
858:
852:
827:
821:
815:
809:
800:
794:
783:
782:
756:
747:
746:
744:
742:
733:. Archived from
722:
701:
696:
695:
694:
639:Monomachus Crown
382:Constantine VIII
356:
289:
285:
280:
273:
242:Constantine VIII
167:
68:
47:
36:Zoe Karbonopsina
21:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4092:
4059:
3996:Rita of Armenia
3984:Anna of Hungary
3964:Irene Laskarina
3929:Agnes of France
3897:Maria of Alania
3848:Helena Lekapene
3698:
3695:
3684:
3617:
3609:
3593:Marcia Euphemia
3588:Licinia Eudoxia
3565:
3557:
3548:Aelia Flaccilla
3470:Galeria Valeria
3452:
3444:
3425:Cornelia Supera
3396:
3388:
3317:Pompeia Plotina
3312:Domitia Longina
3307:Galeria Fundana
3292:Claudia Octavia
3267:Livia Orestilla
3254:
3246:
3240:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3142:Gallic emperors
3130:
2818:Constantine VII
2599:Constantine III
2586:
2583:
2572:
2481:
2473:
2412:Valentinian III
2400:Constantius III
2394:Priscus Attalus
2378:Constantine III
2364:
2356:
2246:Valerius Valens
2191:
2183:
2029:
2021:
1980:Didius Julianus
1960:Marcus Aurelius
1877:
1869:
1859:
1825:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1756:
1743:
1734:
1691:
1674:
1668:
1655:
1649:
1631:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1590:
1587:
1577:
1562:
1544:
1531:Michael Psellus
1529:
1517:Michael Psellus
1515:
1512:
1510:Primary sources
1507:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1188:
1184:, p. 2038.
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1061:
1057:, p. 2228.
1053:
1040:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
945:
941:
933:
926:
918:
914:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
861:
853:
830:
822:
818:
810:
803:
795:
786:
776:
758:
757:
750:
740:
738:
731:hagiasophia.com
724:
723:
719:
715:
697:
692:
690:
687:
657:Maria Skleraina
628:Orthodox Church
599:
514:Michael Psellus
474:
461:Romanos Argyros
359:
328:Romanos Argyros
304:empress consort
275:
217:
212:
200:
187:
173:
169:
83:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4210:
4208:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4043:Anna of Moscow
4035:
4030:
4025:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3904:
3902:Irene Doukaina
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3838:Eudokia Baïana
3835:
3833:Zoe Zaoutzaina
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Maria of Amnia
3773:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:Eastern Empire
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3583:Galla Placidia
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3563:Western Empire
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3435:Ulpia Severina
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3398:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3379:Annia Faustina
3376:
3374:Aquilia Severa
3371:
3366:
3354:
3349:
3347:Flavia Titiana
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Poppaea Sabina
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3272:Lollia Paulina
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3255:27 BC – AD 235
3248:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3101:
3096:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2961:
2937:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2897:Theodora (III)
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2793:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2759:
2747:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2712:Constantine VI
2709:
2704:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Theodosius III
2673:
2668:
2663:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2621:Constantine IV
2618:
2613:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:Eastern Empire
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:Western Empire
2355:
2354:
2347:
2335:Magnus Maximus
2331:
2329:Valentinian II
2326:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2261:Constantius II
2258:
2256:Constantine II
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:Antoninus Pius
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1878:27 BC – AD 235
1871:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1826:
1823:Constantine IX
1821:
1818:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1793:Regnal titles
1790:
1789:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1741:
1732:
1704:(3): 245–248.
1689:
1672:
1666:
1653:
1647:
1635:, ed. (1991).
1629:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1498:, p. 325.
1488:
1486:, p. 526.
1476:
1464:
1452:
1450:, p. 503.
1437:
1435:, p. 309.
1425:
1423:, p. 308.
1413:
1411:, p. 501.
1401:
1399:, p. 307.
1389:
1387:, p. 499.
1377:
1375:, p. 306.
1356:
1354:, p. 305.
1344:
1342:, p. 498.
1332:
1330:, p. 301.
1320:
1318:, p. 497.
1308:
1278:
1276:, p. 299.
1266:
1264:, p. 298.
1254:
1252:, p. 496.
1239:
1237:, p. 297.
1227:
1225:, p. 295.
1215:
1213:, p. 589.
1211:Treadgold 1997
1203:
1201:, p. 590.
1199:Treadgold 1997
1186:
1174:
1172:, p. 495.
1162:
1160:, p. 289.
1150:
1148:, p. 286.
1138:
1136:, p. 280.
1126:
1124:, p. 480.
1114:
1112:, p. 478.
1102:
1100:, p. 586.
1098:Treadgold 1997
1090:
1078:
1076:, p. 278.
1059:
1038:
1036:, p. 276.
1023:
1021:, p. 275.
1011:
1009:, p. 272.
999:
997:, p. 289.
987:
985:, p. 627.
975:
973:, p. 469.
963:
961:, p. 271.
951:
949:, p. 257.
939:
937:, p. 270.
924:
922:, p. 465.
912:
910:, p. 464.
900:
898:, p. 258.
888:
886:, p. 253.
876:
874:, p. 269.
859:
828:
816:
814:, p. 503.
801:
799:, p. 259.
784:
774:
748:
725:Hagia Sophia.
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
703:
702:
686:
683:
598:
595:
540:Alexios I
518:John Scylitzes
473:
470:
435:Constantinople
377:Porphyrogenita
358:
351:
347:Constantine IX
308:empress mother
283:[zoˈi]
277:Medieval Greek
262:(also spelled
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
219:Constantine IX
206:
202:
201:
199:Constantinople
198:
196:
192:
191:
189:Constantinople
186:1050 (aged 72)
184:
180:
179:
171:Constantinople
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
127:Constantine IX
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
106:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
69:
61:
60:
52:
51:
40:Zoe Zaoutzaina
32:Emperor Leo VI
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4209:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4071:Roman emperor
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4038:Helena Dragaš
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4016:Irene Asanina
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Anna of Savoy
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Fabia Eudokia
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3670:Ino Anastasia
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:Aelia Eudocia
3628:
3626:
3625:Aelia Eudoxia
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Marina Severa
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3440:Magnia Urbica
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3201:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2779:Theodora (II)
2777:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:Constantine V
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2671:Anastasius II
2669:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Theodosius II
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Valentinian I
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:Constantine I
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Constantius I
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1648:0-19-504652-8
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1537:Chronographia
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:Chronographia
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1462:, p. 79.
1461:
1460:Sherrard 1966
1456:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
967:
964:
960:
955:
952:
948:
943:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
913:
909:
904:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
877:
873:
868:
866:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
829:
825:
820:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
771:
767:
766:
761:
755:
753:
749:
736:
732:
728:
727:"Empress Zoe"
721:
718:
712:
708:
705:
704:
700:
689:
684:
682:
680:
675:
674:Chronographia
670:
666:
664:
663:
658:
653:
651:
646:
640:
635:
631:
629:
623:
616:
611:
607:
604:
596:
594:
592:
587:
582:
580:
572:
567:
563:
561:
556:
554:
548:
546:
541:
538:
529:
525:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
502:
498:
496:
492:
488:
478:
471:
469:
466:
465:urban prefect
462:
458:
454:
453:
449:, the former
448:
444:
441:, the son of
440:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
396:
391:
387:
384:and his wife
383:
379:
378:
369:
368:
363:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
284:
278:
269:
265:
261:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
215:
210:
207:
203:
197:
193:
190:
185:
181:
177:
172:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
108:21 April 1042
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
67:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4041:
4019:
3982:
3910:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3810:
3768:
3760:
3597:
3490:
3410:Tranquillina
3360:
3322:Vibia Sabina
3109:Andronikos V
3107:
3090:
3038:
3006:
2984:
2972:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2931:
2925:
2871:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2799:
2782:
2770:
2753:
2741:
2735:
2722:Nikephoros I
2697:
2696:
2690:
2657:
2654:Justinian II
2649:Tiberius III
2639:Justinian II
2630:
2624:
2607:
2559:
2531:Anastasius I
2522:
2466:
2462:Julius Nepos
2454:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2324:Theodosius I
2311:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2241:Maximinus II
2228:
2130:
2113:
2100:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2003:
1965:Lucius Verus
1806:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1745:
1736:
1701:
1697:
1676:
1657:
1636:
1623:
1612:
1592:
1565:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1520:
1496:Norwich 1993
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1433:Norwich 1993
1428:
1421:Norwich 1993
1416:
1404:
1397:Norwich 1993
1392:
1380:
1373:Norwich 1993
1352:Norwich 1993
1347:
1335:
1328:Norwich 1993
1323:
1311:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1274:Norwich 1993
1269:
1262:Norwich 1993
1257:
1235:Norwich 1993
1230:
1223:Norwich 1993
1218:
1206:
1182:Kazhdan 1991
1177:
1165:
1158:Norwich 1993
1153:
1146:Norwich 1993
1141:
1134:Norwich 1993
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1086:Norwich 1993
1081:
1074:Norwich 1993
1055:Kazhdan 1991
1034:Norwich 1993
1019:Norwich 1993
1014:
1007:Norwich 1993
1002:
990:
983:Kazhdan 1991
978:
966:
959:Norwich 1993
954:
947:Canduci 2010
942:
935:Norwich 1993
915:
903:
896:Norwich 1993
891:
884:Norwich 1993
879:
872:Norwich 1993
855:Garland 2006
824:Kazhdan 1991
819:
812:Kazhdan 1991
797:Norwich 1993
779:
764:
739:. Retrieved
735:the original
730:
720:
678:
673:
671:
667:
660:
654:
647:
643:
624:
620:
615:Hagia Sophia
600:
591:Hagia Sophia
583:
576:
570:
557:
552:
549:
534:
510:
503:
499:
483:
450:
427:
400:
393:
375:
373:
365:
353:Early life:
332:
312:
263:
259:
258:
76:Hagia Sophia
72:Jesus Christ
55:
44:
4132:1050 deaths
4127:970s births
4103:underlining
3675:Constantina
3357:Julia Domna
3168:(1224–1242)
3162:(1204–1461)
2951:Konstantios
2828:Christopher
2801:Constantine
2791:Michael III
2772:Constantine
2755:Constantine
2737:Theophylact
2666:Philippicus
2616:Constans II
2541:Justinian I
2437:Severus III
2385:Constans II
2139:Claudius II
2115:Silbannacus
2062:Gordian III
2037:Maximinus I
2005:Diadumenian
1519:(c. 1080).
1484:Finlay 1853
1448:Finlay 1853
1409:Finlay 1853
1385:Finlay 1853
1340:Finlay 1853
1316:Finlay 1853
1250:Finlay 1853
1170:Finlay 1853
1122:Finlay 1853
1110:Finlay 1853
971:Finlay 1853
920:Finlay 1853
908:Finlay 1853
433:arrived in
315:Constantine
221:(1042–1050)
216:(1034–1041)
211:(1028–1034)
209:Romanos III
113:Predecessor
4121:Categories
3806:Euphrosyne
3578:Thermantia
3538:Constantia
3252:Principate
2945:Andronikos
2933:Nikephoros
2882:Michael IV
2847:Romanos II
2767:Theophilos
2762:Michael II
2743:Staurakios
2727:Staurakios
2699:Nikephoros
2692:Artabasdos
2604:Heraclonas
2561:Theodosius
2519:Basiliscus
2279:Nepotianus
2272:Magnentius
2266:Constans I
2219:Severus II
2199:Diocletian
2144:Quintillus
2109:Aemilianus
2102:Volusianus
2047:Gordian II
2012:Elagabalus
1875:Principate
741:27 January
713:References
571:histamenon
367:Histamenon
232:Macedonian
214:Michael IV
133:Co-monarch
104:Coronation
3858:Theophano
3796:Theodosia
3771:of Athens
3726:Anastasia
3635:Pulcheria
3480:Minervina
3282:Messalina
3245:empresses
3187:Classical
3172:Empresses
3156:(286–296)
3150:(267–273)
3144:(260–274)
2887:Michael V
2813:Alexander
2626:Heraclius
2594:Heraclius
2546:Justin II
2456:Glycerius
2443:Anthemius
2313:Procopius
2251:Martinian
2230:Maxentius
2159:Florianus
2132:Saloninus
2127:Gallienus
2096:Hostilian
2072:Philip II
2042:Gordian I
1990:Caracalla
1925:Vespasian
1920:Vitellius
1801:Michael V
1787:June 1050
1737:Byzantium
1685:422217218
1548:cite book
679:gynaeceum
586:Patrician
579:Principus
553:gynaeceum
537:Patriarch
495:monastery
443:Conrad II
395:gynaeceum
178:, Turkey)
123:Successor
4192:Augustae
4088:Augustae
4064:See also
3881:Theodora
3863:Theodora
3853:Theodora
3812:Theodora
3791:Prokopia
3781:Theodote
3716:Gregoria
3699:610–1453
3694:Eastern/
3660:Theodora
3655:Euphemia
3599:Placidia
3508:Faustina
3465:Eutropia
3450:Dominate
3182:Usurpers
3177:Augustae
3135:See also
3040:Nicholas
2862:Basil II
2659:Tiberius
2644:Leontius
2632:Tiberius
2609:Tiberius
2587:610–1453
2582:Eastern/
2536:Justin I
2489:Arcadius
2449:Olybrius
2431:Majorian
2372:Honorius
2351:Eugenius
2286:Vetranio
2236:Licinius
2209:Galerius
2204:Maximian
2189:Dominate
2179:Numerian
2149:Aurelian
2122:Valerian
2067:Philip I
2057:Balbinus
2052:Pupienus
2000:Macrinus
1975:Pertinax
1970:Commodus
1935:Domitian
1900:Claudius
1895:Caligula
1890:Tiberius
1885:Augustus
1816:Theodora
1728:25156633
1720:22938012
1533:(1953).
762:(1908).
685:See also
419:Theodora
415:smallpox
407:Otto III
390:Basil II
374:Zoe was
357:978–1028
343:Theodora
319:Basil II
300:Theodora
286:"life";
176:Istanbul
137:Theodora
4099:Italics
3756:Eudokia
3746:Tzitzak
3731:Eudokia
3711:Martina
3680:Leontia
3650:Zenonis
3645:Ariadne
3618:395–610
3566:395–480
3533:Domnica
3528:Justina
3518:Charito
3503:Eusebia
3453:284–610
3397:235–285
3337:Lucilla
3192:Eastern
3092:Matthew
2986:Alexios
2834:Stephen
2796:Basil I
2681:Leo III
2556:Maurice
2499:Marcian
2482:395–610
2406:Joannes
2365:395–480
2319:Gratian
2192:284–610
2174:Carinus
2154:Tacitus
2030:235–285
1950:Hadrian
1505:Sources
662:sebaste
506:Michael
491:Sirmium
487:Presian
457:Antioch
335:Michael
227:Dynasty
205:Spouses
80:Augusta
3868:Helena
3801:Thekla
3721:Fausta
3665:Sophia
3640:Verina
3513:Helena
3486:Fausta
3460:Prisca
3394:Crisis
2954:&
2930:&
2837:&
2808:Leo VI
2784:Thekla
2740:&
2707:Leo IV
2629:&
2568:Phocas
2524:Marcus
2509:Leo II
2425:Avitus
2342:Victor
2307:Valens
2297:Jovian
2292:Julian
2164:Probus
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2079:Decius
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1945:Trajan
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603:Senate
463:, the
386:Helena
252:Helena
248:Mother
238:Father
195:Burial
150:Tenure
3769:Irene
3751:Maria
3741:Maria
3573:Maria
3553:Galla
3543:Laeta
3262:Livia
2750:Leo V
2717:Irene
2504:Leo I
2169:Carus
1940:Nerva
1930:Titus
1910:Galba
1862:Roman
1814:with
1785:Died:
1778:Born:
1724:S2CID
1304:540-2
569:Gold
439:Henry
268:Greek
174:(now
95:Reign
74:, at
4107:bold
4076:list
4040:(w.
4018:(w.
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2002:(w.
1995:Geta
1915:Otho
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1864:and
1812:1042
1750:ISBN
1716:PMID
1681:OCLC
1662:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1554:link
1296:CSHB
770:ISBN
743:2019
423:Bari
183:Died
162:Born
3874:Zoë
3482:(?)
3406:(?)
2927:Leo
2872:Zoe
2118:(?)
1706:doi
455:of
452:dux
306:or
264:Zoë
168:978
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2831:,
1722:.
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1546:{{
1440:^
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