312:), with zooming from the homescreen in to folders and finally in to apps. The photo app zooms out from a single photo to moments, to collections, to years, and similarly in the calendar app with day, month and year views. It is not a full ZUI implementation since these operations are applied to bounded spaces (such as web pages or photos) and have a limited range of zooming and panning.
20:
315:
Franklin Servan-Schreiber founded
Zoomorama, based on work he did at the Sony Research Laboratories in the mid-1990s. The Zooming Browser for Collage of High Resolution Images was released in Alpha in October 2007. Zoomorama's browser is all Flash-based. In 2010, project development ended, but many
97:
When the level of detail present in the resized object is changed to fit the relevant information into the current size, instead of being a proportional view of the whole object, it's called semantic zooming.
75:
into objects of interest. For example, as you zoom into a text object it may be represented as a small dot, then a thumbnail of a page of text, then a full-sized page and finally a magnified view of the page.
143:
were employed to control an infinite plane of projects, documents, contacts, video and interactive programs. One of the instances of this project was called
Spatial Dataland.
1328:
1275:
1088:
1020:
370:
1604:
1575:
607:
345:
186:
394:
323:
used a zooming user interface for virtual workspaces management. This ZUI was eventually replaced by a different, scrolling-based design.
326:
In 2017, bigpictu.re offers an infinite (pan and zoom) notepad as a web application based on one of the first ZUI open-source libraries.
336:, what is a zooming user interface, reported 40 million users. It was released in 2011 as RealtimeBoard and in 2019 rebranded as Miro.
1800:
1790:
472:
162:), that could be zoomed in upon from a birds eye view after the user had recognized a miniature of the window setup for the project.
1795:
1379:
1323:
1298:
1268:
1105:
1491:
1389:
194:
1769:
1318:
1303:
1128:
1081:
333:
87:
information. Objects present inside a zoomed page can in turn be zoomed themselves to reveal further detail, allowing for
1364:
1349:
1308:
290:
117:
1530:
1477:
190:
48:
329:
In 2017, Zircle UI was released. It is an open source UI library that uses zoomable navigation and circular shapes.
1545:
1384:
1261:
255:
128:
1580:
1399:
1359:
1354:
1313:
1232:
880:
600:
262:
1623:
1510:
1374:
1148:
1074:
233:
182:
101:
Some consider the ZUI paradigm as a flexible and realistic successor to the traditional windowing GUI, being a
44:
1369:
1184:
1055:
484:
350:
84:
221:
1757:
1696:
1585:
1565:
1514:
1472:
1242:
1237:
860:
706:
286:
introduced the HoME television navigation system, the first graphical, zooming interface for television.
1540:
1506:
1408:
1344:
938:
300:(premiered June 2007) uses a stylized form of ZUI, in which panning and zooming are performed through a
275:
446:
185:
under Hollan's direction. After Pad++, Bederson developed Jazz, then
Piccolo, and now Piccolo2D at the
116:
presented the first program for zooming through and creating graphical structures with constraints and
1737:
1711:
1171:
1123:
593:
301:
140:
1706:
1658:
1535:
1216:
829:
819:
741:
237:
229:
178:
91:
56:
1643:
1550:
965:
905:
890:
797:
772:
736:
635:
517:
251:, Max Riesenhuber, released the first mass-marketed commercial Zoomspace in 2002–03 on the Sony
1752:
1701:
1633:
1590:
1431:
1202:
1194:
1133:
910:
865:
630:
432:
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems
1805:
1732:
1284:
1156:
1050:
989:
974:
777:
655:
650:
616:
198:
68:
1676:
1638:
1609:
1211:
1206:
1118:
953:
895:
850:
787:
767:
539:"bigpicture.js, a library that allows infinite panning and infinite zooming in HTML pages"
170:
113:
64:
60:
383:
1762:
1686:
1648:
1520:
1097:
1045:
1025:
999:
948:
792:
645:
283:
248:
151:
1784:
1628:
1467:
1421:
1030:
885:
807:
244:
1555:
1138:
994:
802:
762:
721:
716:
691:
681:
640:
174:
72:
430:"Sigma lenses: focus-context transitions combining space, time and translucence",
405:
1681:
1663:
1446:
1436:
1426:
1179:
1015:
984:
933:
870:
696:
538:
320:
132:
165:
The longest running effort to create a ZUI has been the Pad++ project begun by
979:
824:
731:
509:
455:
202:
166:
159:
585:
289:
In 2007, Microsoft's Live Labs released a zooming UI for web browsing called
228:
Research
Laboratories. They were developing the first Zooming User Interface
1618:
1525:
1451:
1416:
1040:
1035:
943:
917:
855:
726:
701:
686:
408:(formerly Jazz): ZUI toolkit for Java and C# (no longer actively maintained)
217:
147:
121:
102:
88:
80:
28:
1747:
875:
812:
746:
711:
676:
660:
580:
136:
52:
220:
programming environment and language. The term ZUI itself was coined by
19:
1742:
1671:
1441:
1113:
900:
834:
782:
252:
563:
543:
297:
214:
146:
Another GUI environment of the 70's, which used the zooming idea was
1253:
559:"Zircle UI: A frontend library to develop zoomable user interfaces"
558:
395:
Dataland: the MIT's '70s media room concept that influenced the Mac
371:"Hands-on with Windows 8: A PC operating system for the tablet age"
1691:
1066:
488:
309:
210:
55:
in order to see more detail or less, and browse through different
18:
448:
The active object system design and multiprocessor implementation
213:(which uses the Sigma lens technique), and the simple ZUI of the
225:
1257:
1070:
589:
1727:
305:
269:(AOS). In 2005, due to copyright issues, it was renamed to
232:
based on Java 1.0, in partnership with Prof. Ben
Bederson,
79:
ZUIs use zooming as the main metaphor for browsing through
510:"GNOME Shell, 2010-02-20 build: a Zoomable User Interface"
243:
GeoPhoenix, a
Cambridge, MA, startup associated with the
417:
384:
Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system
454:(PhD). Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich (
59:. Information elements appear directly on an infinite
206:
1720:
1657:
1603:
1564:
1499:
1490:
1460:
1407:
1398:
1337:
1291:
1225:
1193:
1170:
1147:
1104:
1008:
962:
926:
843:
755:
669:
623:
304:(TUI). A more fully realised ZUI is present in the
224:and Tom Grauman while they worked together at the
471:2007. Retrieved November 11, 2011. Glen Derene.
71:across the virtual surface in two dimensions and
473:Wii 2.0: Loop remote lets you click by gesture.
16:Graphical interface allowing for image scaling
1269:
1082:
601:
8:
265:with a zooming user interface and named it
1496:
1404:
1276:
1262:
1254:
1089:
1075:
1067:
608:
594:
586:
316:examples are still available on the site.
1021:List of graphical user interface elements
127:A more general interface was done by the
361:
258:(PDA) handheld, with Ken Miura of Sony
346:Vector-based graphical user interface
7:
581:The Economist 2012 article about ZUI
261:In 2002, Pieter Muller extended the
187:University of Maryland, College Park
131:in the 1970s at MIT. Hand tracking,
67:), instead of in windows. Users can
293:for the Windows Mobile 5 platform.
197:. More recent ZUI efforts include
43:, pronounced zoo-ee) is a type of
14:
1380:Object-oriented operating system
1106:Natural-language user interfaces
445:Muller, Pieter Johannes (2002).
94:and an arbitrary level of zoom.
520:from the original on 2021-12-12
1390:Supercomputer operating system
45:graphical user interface (GUI)
1:
1129:Conversational user interface
247:, founded by Julian Orbanes,
1365:Just enough operating system
1350:Distributed operating system
768:Head-up display in computing
291:Microsoft Live Labs Deepfish
51:can change the scale of the
1478:User space and kernel space
334:Miro collaboration platform
1822:
1385:Real-time operating system
617:Graphical control elements
256:personal digital assistant
158:(only later named such by
129:Architecture Machine Group
1801:User interface techniques
1791:Graphical user interfaces
1581:Multilevel feedback queue
1576:Fixed-priority preemptive
1360:Hobbyist operating system
1355:Embedded operating system
1243:Multimodal user interface
1233:Text-based user interface
1149:Graphical user interfaces
222:Franklin Servan-Schreiber
189:, which is maintained in
1796:Zoomable user interfaces
1624:General protection fault
1375:Network operating system
1329:User features comparison
236:, and Prof. Ken Perlin,
234:University of New Mexico
183:University of New Mexico
1370:Mobile operating system
1185:Tangible user interface
1056:Zoomable user interface
351:Resolution independence
63:(usually created using
37:zoomable user interface
1473:Loadable kernel module
1238:Natural user interface
1162:Zooming user interface
861:Client-side decoration
420:: Piccolo's successor.
33:zooming user interface
24:
1541:Process control block
1507:Computer multitasking
1345:Disk operating system
1226:Other user interfaces
1172:Touch user interfaces
1124:Voice user interfaces
939:Breadcrumb navigation
181:and continued at the
154:, which had infinite
22:
1712:Virtual tape library
1304:Forensic engineering
302:touch user interface
267:Active Object System
1721:Supporting concepts
1707:Virtual file system
1217:Positional tracking
319:From 2008 to 2010,
308:home screen (as of
238:New York University
179:New York University
1644:Segmentation fault
1492:Process management
1195:3D user interfaces
798:Progress indicator
773:HUD in video games
273:, and in 2008, to
120:, on a CRT in his
25:
1778:
1777:
1634:Memory protection
1605:Memory management
1599:
1598:
1591:Shortest job next
1486:
1485:
1285:Operating systems
1251:
1250:
1134:Virtual assistant
1064:
1063:
911:Window decoration
866:Disclosure widget
670:Data input-output
631:Adjustment handle
469:Popular Mechanics
124:program in 1962.
1813:
1733:Computer network
1497:
1405:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1009:Related concepts
990:Inspector window
975:Alert dialog box
968:
871:Frame / Fieldset
651:Hamburger button
610:
603:
596:
587:
569:
568:
555:
549:
548:
535:
529:
528:
526:
525:
506:
500:
499:
497:
496:
487:. Archived from
481:
475:
466:
460:
459:
453:
442:
436:
435:
427:
421:
415:
409:
403:
397:
392:
386:
381:
375:
374:
366:
23:Example of a ZUI
1821:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1716:
1677:Defragmentation
1662:
1653:
1639:Protection ring
1608:
1595:
1567:
1560:
1482:
1456:
1394:
1333:
1287:
1282:
1252:
1247:
1221:
1212:Finger tracking
1207:virtual reality
1189:
1166:
1143:
1119:Dialogue system
1100:
1098:User interfaces
1095:
1065:
1060:
1004:
963:
958:
954:Virtual desktop
922:
839:
751:
665:
619:
614:
577:
572:
557:
556:
552:
537:
536:
532:
523:
521:
508:
507:
503:
494:
492:
483:
482:
478:
467:
463:
451:
444:
443:
439:
429:
428:
424:
416:
412:
404:
400:
393:
389:
382:
378:
373:. Ars Technica.
368:
367:
363:
359:
342:
114:Ivan Sutherland
111:
65:vector graphics
61:virtual desktop
17:
12:
11:
5:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:User interface
1760:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1687:File attribute
1684:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1649:Virtual memory
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1521:Context switch
1518:
1503:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:Widget toolkit
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1026:Layout manager
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
1000:Palette window
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
960:
959:
957:
956:
951:
949:Navigation bar
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
914:
913:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
847:
845:
841:
840:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
816:
815:
810:
805:
795:
793:Loading screen
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
757:
753:
752:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
667:
666:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
646:Drop-down list
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
621:
620:
615:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
584:
583:
576:
575:External links
573:
571:
570:
550:
530:
516:. 2010-02-20.
501:
476:
461:
437:
422:
410:
398:
387:
376:
369:Peter Bright.
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
348:
341:
338:
284:Hillcrest Labs
249:Adriana Guzman
160:Apple Computer
110:
107:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1818:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Memory paging
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Device driver
1466:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1409:Architectures
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Look and feel
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
970:
967:
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
925:
919:
916:
912:
909:
908:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
814:
811:
809:
808:Splash screen
806:
804:
801:
800:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
758:
756:Informational
754:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:Toggle switch
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
668:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:Command input
622:
618:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
592:
591:
588:
582:
579:
578:
574:
566:
565:
560:
554:
551:
546:
545:
540:
534:
531:
519:
515:
511:
505:
502:
491:on 2013-09-06
490:
486:
480:
477:
474:
470:
465:
462:
457:
450:
449:
441:
438:
433:
426:
423:
419:
414:
411:
407:
402:
399:
396:
391:
388:
385:
380:
377:
372:
365:
362:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
339:
337:
335:
332:In 2022, the
330:
327:
324:
322:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
277:
272:
268:
264:
263:Oberon System
259:
257:
254:
250:
246:
245:MIT Media Lab
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:developed at
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
141:voice control
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
108:
106:
104:
99:
95:
93:
90:
86:
82:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1664:file systems
1556:Time-sharing
1161:
1139:Voice search
995:Modal window
927:Navigational
803:Progress bar
763:Balloon help
722:Radio button
717:List builder
692:Cycle button
682:Color picker
641:Context menu
567:. 2017–2021.
562:
553:
542:
533:
522:. Retrieved
513:
504:
493:. Retrieved
489:the original
479:
468:
464:
447:
440:
431:
425:
413:
401:
390:
379:
364:
331:
328:
325:
318:
314:
295:
288:
281:
274:
270:
266:
260:
242:
201:by the late
175:Ben Bederson
164:
155:
145:
126:
112:
100:
96:
85:multivariate
78:
40:
36:
32:
26:
1682:Device file
1672:Boot loader
1586:Round-robin
1511:Cooperative
1447:Rump kernel
1437:Multikernel
1427:Microkernel
1324:Usage share
1180:Multi-touch
1016:File viewer
985:File dialog
934:Address bar
697:Date picker
321:GNOME Shell
133:touchscreen
105:interface.
81:hyperlinked
53:viewed area
1785:Categories
1612:protection
1568:algorithms
1566:Scheduling
1515:Preemptive
1461:Components
1432:Monolithic
1299:Comparison
980:Dialog box
844:Containers
825:Status bar
732:Search box
524:2020-12-26
495:2017-09-19
456:ETH Zurich
357:References
271:Bluebottle
203:Jef Raskin
171:Jim Hollan
167:Ken Perlin
152:Xerox PARC
118:instancing
1702:Partition
1619:Bus error
1546:Real-time
1526:Interrupt
1452:Unikernel
1417:Exokernel
1203:Augmented
1041:Scrolling
1036:Mouseover
944:Hyperlink
918:Workspace
856:Tree view
851:Accordion
727:Scrollbar
702:Grid view
687:Combo box
418:Piccolo2D
282:In 2006,
218:Smalltalk
148:Smalltalk
122:Sketchpad
103:Post-WIMP
89:recursive
57:documents
29:computing
1748:Live USB
1610:resource
1500:Concepts
1338:Variants
1319:Timeline
964:Special
876:Menu bar
813:Throbber
747:Text box
712:List box
677:Checkbox
661:Pie menu
518:Archived
340:See also
296:Apple's
156:desktops
137:joystick
1806:3D GUIs
1743:Live CD
1697:Journal
1661:access,
1659:Storage
1536:Process
1442:vkernel
1309:History
1292:General
1157:Widgets
1114:Chatbot
966:windows
901:Toolbar
886:Popover
835:Tooltip
820:Sidebar
783:Infobar
742:Spinner
547:. 2015.
514:YouTube
485:"iOS 7"
406:Piccolo
230:library
109:History
92:nesting
1551:Thread
1422:Hybrid
1400:Kernel
906:Window
891:Ribbon
737:Slider
636:Button
564:GitHub
544:GitHub
434:, 2008
298:iPhone
215:Squeak
173:, and
139:, and
47:where
1753:Shell
1692:Inode
881:Panel
830:Toast
788:Label
452:(PDF)
310:iOS 7
211:INRIA
199:Archy
49:users
1314:List
1205:and
1051:WIMP
778:Icon
656:Menu
253:CLIÉ
226:Sony
207:ZVTM
193:and
191:Java
73:zoom
31:, a
1770:PXE
1758:CLI
1738:HAL
1728:API
1531:IPC
896:Tab
306:iOS
177:at
150:at
83:or
69:pan
41:ZUI
35:or
27:In
1787::
1513:,
561:.
541:.
512:.
458:).
279:.
276:A2
240:.
205:,
195:C#
169:,
135:,
1607:,
1517:)
1509:(
1277:e
1270:t
1263:v
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
609:e
602:t
595:v
527:.
498:.
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.