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597:: the piece is binary on the lower compositional level but ternary on the higher. Organisational levels are not clearly and universally defined in western musicology, while words like "section" and "passage" are used at different levels by different scholars whose definitions, as Schlanker points out, cannot keep pace with the myriad innovations and variations devised by musicians.
25:
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550:, like many dances, requires a certain rhythm, pace and length of melody to fit its repeating pattern of steps. Simpler styles of music may be more or less wholly defined at this level of form, which therefore does not differ greatly from the loose sense first mentioned and which may carry with it rhythmic, harmonic, timbral, occasional and melodic conventions.
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may organize song and dance into even larger forms. The symphony, generally considered to be one piece, nevertheless divides into multiple movements (which can usually work as a self-contained piece if played alone). This level of musical form, though it again applies and gives rise to different
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The sonata form is "the most important principle of musical form, or formal type from the classical period well into the twentieth century." It is usually used as the form of the first movement in multi-movement works. So, it is also called "first-movement form" or "sonata-allegro form" (because
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having a definite rhythm and duration that may be implied in melody and harmony, defined, for example, by a long final note and a breathing space. This "phrase" may be regarded as the fundamental unit of musical form: it may be broken down into measures of two or three beats, but its distinctive
806:. There are both simple and compound ternary forms. Da capo arias are usually in simple ternary form (i.e. "from the head"). A compound ternary form (or trio form) similarly involves an ABA pattern, but each section is itself either in binary (two sub-sections which may be repeated) or (simple)
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nature will then be lost. Even at this level, the importance of the principles of repetition and contrast, weak and strong, climax and repose, can be seen. Thus, form may be understood on three levels of organization. For the purpose of this exposition, these levels can be roughly designated as
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is the first required section. It lays out the thematic material in its basic version. There are usually two themes or theme groups in the exposition, and they are often in contrasting styles and keys and connected by a transition. In the end of the exposition, there is a closing theme which
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Some forms are used predominantly within popular music, including genre-specific forms. Popular music forms are often derived from strophic form (AAA song form), 32-bar form (AABA song form), verse-chorus form (AB song form) and 12-bar blues form (AAB song form).
776:(A prime) because of the slight difference in the last measure and a half. The next two systems (3rd and 4th) are almost identical as well, but a new musical idea entirely than the first two systems. We call the third system
578:, then this gives rise to a simple binary form. If the theme is played (perhaps twice), then a new theme is introduced, the piece then closing with a return to the first theme, we have a simple ternary form.
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Strophic form – also called verse-repeating form, chorus form, AAA song form, or one-part song form – is a song structure in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music
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in 1907 wrote that, "I am more and more convinced that music is not, in essence, a thing that can be cast into a traditional and fixed form. It is made up of colors and rhythms."
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Great arguments and misunderstanding can be generated by such terms as 'ternary' and 'binary', as a complex piece may have elements of both at different organizational levels. A
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832:). A recurring section, especially the main theme, is sometimes more thoroughly varied, or else one episode may be a "development" of it. A similar arrangement is the
609:". It concerns the arrangement of several self-contained pieces into a large-scale composition. For example, a set of songs with a related theme may be presented as a
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refers to the larger shape of the composition. Form in music is the result of the interaction of the four structural elements," of sound, harmony, melody, and rhythm.
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differ in scale and aim, yet generally resemble one another in the manner of their organization. The individual pieces which make up the larger form may be called
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348:, which express a musical idea but lack sufficient weight to stand alone. Musical form unfolds over time through the expansion and development of these ideas. In
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Scholes suggested that
European classical music had only six stand-alone forms: simple binary, simple ternary, compound binary, rondo, air with variations, and
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or movement. If the hymn, ballad, blues or dance alluded to above simply repeats the same musical material indefinitely then the piece is said to be in
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suggests that a number of organizational elements may determine the formal structure of a piece of music, such as "the arrangement of musical units of
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Ternary form is a three-part musical form in which the third part repeats or at least contains the principal idea of the first part, represented as
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overall. If it repeats with distinct, sustained changes each time, for instance in setting, ornamentation or instrumentation, then the piece is a
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refers to the largest shape of the composition. Form in music is the result of the interaction of the four structural elements described above ."
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Extended form are forms that have their root in one of the forms above, however, they have been extended with additional sections. For example:
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The term "Binary Form" is used to describe a musical piece with two sections that are about equal in length. Binary Form can be written as
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To aid in the process of describing form, musicians have developed a simple system of labeling musical units with letters. In his textbook
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Saewitz, Scott, "WEBERN’S LABYRINTH: CONTOUR AND CANONIC INTERACTION– An
Analysis of Webern’s Op. 16, No. 2" (2017). CUNY Academic Works.
332:", among other factors. It is, "the ways in which a composition is shaped to create a meaningful musical experience for the listener."
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This form has a recurring theme alternating with different (usually contrasting) sections called "episodes". It may be asymmetrical (
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This form is built from a sequence of clear-cut units that may be referred to by letters but also often have generic names such as
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and so on. If the first or any other musical unit returns in varied form, then that variation is indicated by a superscript number—
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784:(B prime) because of the slight difference in the last measure and a half. As a whole, this piece of music is in Binary Form:
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form is the extreme opposite, that of "unrelieved variation": it is simply an indefinite sequence of self-contained sections (
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emphasized that the fugue is primarily a method of composition that has sometimes taken on certain structural conventions).
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Schmalfeldt, Janet. 1991. "Towards a
Reconciliation of Schenkerian Concepts with Traditional and Recent Theories of Form",
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589:), however, this was frequently extended by the introduction of another minuet arranged for solo instruments (called the
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In 2017, Scott
Saewitz brought attention to this concept by highlighting the occurrence in Anton Webern's Op.16 No.2.
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Although, it has been recently stated that form can be present under the influence of musical contour, also known as
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Study Guide for
Musical Form: A Complete Outline of Standardized Formal Categories and Concepts by Robert T. Kelley
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Beach, David. 1993. "Schubert's
Experiments with Sonata Form: Formal-Tonal Design versus Underlying Structure",
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Smith, Charles J. 1996. "Musical Form and
Fundamental Structure: An Investigation of Schenker's Formenlehre".
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In the
Process of Becoming: Analytic and Philosophical Perspectives on Form in Early Nineteenth-Century Music
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took shape in the second half of the 16th century as a narrative recounted—rather than acted—by the singers.
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Compositions that do not follow a fixed structure and rely more on improvisation are considered
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Cadwallader, Allen. 1990. "Form and Tonal
Process. The Design of Different Structural Levels".
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Charles Keil classified forms and formal detail as "sectional, developmental, or variational."
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The smallest level of construction concerns the way musical phrases are organized into musical
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provided, the first system is almost identical to the second system. We call the first system
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Also called Hybrid song forms. Compound song forms blend together two or more song forms.
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over and around which the rest of the structure unfolds, often, but not always, spinning
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Laskowski, Larry. 1990. "J.S. Bach's 'Binary' Dance
Movements: Form and Voice-Leading",
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emerged, which is a set of related songs (as the suite is a set of related dances). The
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genres, takes more account of the methods of musical organisation used. For example: a
593:), after which the first was repeated again and the piece ended—this is a ternary form—
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75:
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Wennerstrom, Mary (1975). "Form in Twentieth Century Music". In Wittlich, Gary (ed.).
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for example. Subdivisions of each large musical unit are shown by lowercase letters (
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848:) resembles a symmetrical rondo without intermediate repetitions of the main theme.
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948:) is typically cast in a greater ternary form, having the nominal subdivisions of
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Variational forms are those in which variation is an important formative element.
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or theme groups which are taken asunder and recombined to form the "B" part (the
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Hooper, Jason. 2011. "Heinrich Schenker's Early Conception of Form, 1895-1914".
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Morphopoiesis: A General Procedure for Structuring Form by Panayiotis Kokoras
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Smith, Peter. 1994. "Brahms and Schenker: A Mutual Response to Sonata Form",
1687:, edited by Simon Frith and Andrew Goodwin, 315–19. New York: Pantheon, 1990.
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1240:. Cooley, Timothy J. (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Schirmer Cengage Learning.
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1983:
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Keil, Charles. 1987. "Participatory Discrepancies and the Power of Music".
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The next level concerns the entire structure of any single self-contained
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Chester, Andrew. 1970. "Second Thoughts on a Rock Aesthetic: The Band".
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Musical Form, Forms, and Formenlehre: Three Methodological Reflections
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These organizational elements may be broken into smaller units called
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1993:
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in a jazz or bluegrass performance), or the way a symphonic piece is
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1321:. Hutcheson, Jere. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. pp. .
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Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples
1416:(7th ed.). Boston, MA: Schirmer/Cengage Learning. p. 44.
1007:
After the development section, there is a returning section called
585:, like any Baroque dance, generally had a simple binary structure (
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The founding level of musical form can be divided into two parts:
446:") to denote sections that are closely related, but vary slightly.
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of a song. This may be compared to, and is often decided by, the
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usually the most common first movements are in allegro tempo).
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is found in many hymns and ballads and, again, the Elizabethan
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or in the alternating slow and fast sections of the Hungarian
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The further organization of such a measure, by repetition and
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18:
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Tonal Harmony with an Introduction to Twentieth-Century Music
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section in which the material in the exposition is developed.
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of unaccompanied or accompanied solo instrumental music. The
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Webster, James. 2009. "Formenlehre in Theory and Practice",
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Each section of sonata form movement has its own function:
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deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
1705:, A. Cadwallader ed. New York, etc.: Schirmer Books: 1-21.
1629:
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The grandest level of organization may be referred to as "
324:, the arrangement of the instruments (as in the order of
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1828:
A Practical Guide to Musical Composition by Alan Belkin
123:
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where the thematic material returns in the tonic key.
1466:(New and Revised ed.). London: Joseph Williams.
1319:
Musical Form and Analysis: Time, Pattern, Proportion
964:, respectively) may be subdivided into two or three
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The first statement of a musical idea is designated
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Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries
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1362:Taruskin, Richard (2009). "'Songs' Without Words".
192:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1493:
910:. This is said by Scholes (1977) to be the form
1811:Lessons in Music Form by Percy Goetschius, 1904
1525:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
535:or meter of the words or the steps of a dance.
404:
334:
1759:, Th. Christensen ed. Cambridge: CUP: 880-906.
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1853:
1683:1, no. 62 (July–August): 78–79. Reprinted in
1351:http://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/159
430:Some writers also use a prime label (such as
112:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1658:"A Guide To Song Forms – Song Form Overview"
1652:
1650:
1648:
1563:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1444:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
752:"Greensleeves" as an example of Binary Form.
410:Subsequent contrasting sections are labeled
1608:The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1014:At the end of the movement, there may be a
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1685:On Record: Rock, Pop, and the Written Word
1592:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1295:Benward, Bruce and Saker, Marilyn (2003).
1271:Kostka, Stefan and Payne, Dorothy (1995).
956:. Usually, but not always, the "A" parts (
2808:Music technology (electronic and digital)
1757:Cambridge History of Western Music Theory
1291:
1289:
1267:
1265:
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
252:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
352:, form is articulated primarily through
1549:Kostka, Payne, Stefan, Dorothy (2009).
1228:
1205:
1714:, H. Siegel ed. Cambridge: CUP: 84-93.
1585:
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2341:Vietnam imperial court music—Nhã nhạc
1553:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 335.
1544:
1542:
1059:ABAC a.k.a. Verse/Chorus/Verse/Bridge
918:is often found with sections varied (
7:
1797:Rivista di Analisi e Teoria Musicale
1786:, New York: Oxford University Press.
1768:, P. Bergé ed. Leuven: LUP: 123-139.
1297:Music in Theory and Practice, Vol. 1
190:adding citations to reliable sources
1025:Forms used in Western popular music
606:
4022:Classical and art music traditions
2449:History of lute-family instruments
2266:Cambodian ceremonial music—Pinpeat
1523:Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music
1000:The exposition is followed by the
14:
1610:. Oxford University Press. 2004.
34:This article has multiple issues.
4194:
4193:
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3738:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3213:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2813:Sound recording and reproduction
2261:Burmese classical music—Mahāgīta
2132:
1791:Cecchi, Alessandro (ed.). 2015.
992:Following the introduction, the
542:is a specific verse form, while
382:is an example of this. Composer
166:
103:
64:
23:
4042:Jazz and popular music glossary
1500:. University of Chicago Press.
1364:Oxford History of Western Music
177:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3283:Federated States of Micronesia
1755:Burnham, Scott. 2001. "Form",
1703:Trends in Schenkerian Research
1394:, Vol. 2, p.266. McGraw-Hill.
1152:Ad Lib (Often in CODA / Outro)
1114:Section names in popular music
1051:ABC a.k.a. Verse/Chorus/Bridge
1031:Song structure (popular music)
730:...), sometimes with repeats (
681:, exposition, development and
1:
2321:Philippine art songs—Kundiman
2241:Afghan classical music—Klasik
1184:List of musical genres by era
972:)—thus, e.g. (AabBAab+coda).
650:Common forms in Western music
527:and "paragraphs" such as the
288:refers to the structure of a
16:Structure of a piece of music
4187:Record production portal
4032:Cultural and regional genres
2286:Indonesian art music—Gamelan
1392:Music in Theory and Practice
1390:Benward & Saker (2009).
1045:AABA a.k.a. American Popular
2803:Music technology (electric)
2336:Thai classical music—Piphat
2291:Japanese court music—Gagaku
1020:, after the recapitulation.
887:—a repeating bass theme or
693:. Sectional forms include:
126:, discuss the issue on the
73:It has been suggested that
4237:
2444:History of the harpsichord
2331:Kandyan dance of Sri Lanka
1782:Schmalfeldt, Janet. 2011.
1696:2, No. 3 (August): 275–83.
1412:M., Wright, Craig (2014).
1028:
940:Sonata-allegro form (also
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2271:Chinese traditional music
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1879:
1635:"The Sonata Allegro Form"
1481:. W.W.Norton and Co. Inc.
1236:Titon, Jeff Todd (2009).
1143:Solo / Instrumental Break
1128:Pre-chorus / Rise / Climb
1119:Introduction a.k.a. Intro
90:Proposed since July 2024.
3158:Central African Republic
2701:Computational musicology
2246:Andalusi classical music
1639:Lumen Music Appreciation
1161:In the 13th century the
902:threads, or improvising
4047:Music genres and styles
2346:Western classical music
2316:Persian classical music
1578:Ebenezer Prout (1893).
1368:Oxford University Press
1048:AB a.k.a. Verse/Chorus
950:exposition, development
764:. Using the example of
658:(although musicologist
458:The arrangement of the
4027:Classical music genres
3103:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2644:Doctor of Musical Arts
2464:History of the trumpet
2276:Indian classical music
1793:Schenker's Formenlehre
1492:Keil, Charles (1966).
1317:Spring, Glenn (1995).
1275:, p.152. McGraw-Hill.
997:concludes the section.
780:and the fourth system
772:and the second system
753:
711:Medley or "chain" form
497:, into a true musical
450:Levels of organization
428:
342:
3853:São Tomé and Príncipe
3728:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3708:Republic of the Congo
2469:History of the violin
1739:Music Theory Spectrum
1730:Music Theory Spectrum
1694:Cultural Anthropology
1477:Mann, Alfred (1958).
1299:, p.87. McGraw-Hill.
1029:Further information:
751:
482:, may give rise to a
3923:United Arab Emirates
2696:Cognitive musicology
1944:Developing variation
1179:Developing variation
867:Theme and Variations
836:form of the Baroque
617:were presented as a
568:theme and variations
186:improve this article
132:create a new article
124:improve this article
83:into this article. (
4073:Aesthetics of music
3888:Trinidad and Tobago
3023:Antigua and Barbuda
2502:Band (rock and pop)
2426:Musical instruments
2301:Lao classical music
2104:Thirty-two-bar form
1969:Formula composition
1775:Theory and Practice
1681:The New Left Review
1664:. 19 February 2014.
1460:Macpherson, Stewart
946:first movement form
930:Sonata-allegro form
685:, verse, chorus or
613:, whereas a set of
554:Piece (or movement)
290:musical composition
4135:Musical instrument
4103:Music and politics
3233:Dominican Republic
2981:By sovereign state
2296:Korean court music
2256:Azerbaijani Mugham
1821:2019-01-11 at the
1479:The Study of Fugue
1414:Listening to music
883:, was that of the
828:) or symmetrical (
754:
396:Listening to Music
4208:
4207:
4093:Music and fashion
4088:Music and emotion
3990:
3989:
3258:Equatorial Guinea
2754:A-side and B-side
2659:Music archaeology
2634:Bachelor of Music
2477:
2476:
2411:Psychedelic music
2406:Progressive music
2326:Scottish Ceòl Mór
2141:
2140:
2124:Verse–chorus form
2079:Sonata rondo form
1914:Call and response
1894:Ausmultiplikation
1400:978-0-07-310188-0
1068:Blues Song forms
989:at the beginning.
858:Variation (music)
538:For example, the
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134:, as appropriate.
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4173:Music portal
4171:
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4125:Music technology
4113:Environmentalism
4066:Related articles
3673:Papua New Guinea
3538:Marshall Islands
2985:
2931:Central American
2669:Music psychology
2549:Backing vocalist
2386:Electronic music
2229:
2183:History of music
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2109:Through-composed
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1462:(1930). "Form".
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1073:Twelve-bar blues
1064:Through-composed
852:Variational form
540:twelve bar blues
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3638:North Macedonia
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2836:regional genres
2835:
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2793:Record producer
2737:
2726:Sociomusicology
2711:Ethnomusicology
2639:Master of Music
2619:
2573:
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2512:All-female band
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2306:Mandé art music
2281:Byzantine music
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369:Contouric Form.
356:, phrases, and
302:Jeff Todd Titon
298:Worlds of Music
296:. In his book,
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2783:Audio engineer
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434:, pronounced "
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2834:Cultural and
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2799:
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2764:
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2762:
2761:Extended play
2759:
2755:
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2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2731:Zoomusicology
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Ecomusicology
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Biomusicology
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
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2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Music history
2662:
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2608:
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2598:
2596:
2595:Improvisation
2593:
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2578:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
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2547:
2545:
2544:Lead vocalist
2542:
2541:
2540:
2539:Military band
2537:
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2417:
2414:
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2409:
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2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:Hip hop music
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Country music
2379:
2377:
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2369:
2367:
2364:
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2359:
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2329:
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2319:
2317:
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2311:Ottoman music
2309:
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2135:
2125:
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2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Strophic form
2087:
2085:
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2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
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2060:
2057:
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2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
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1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:0-13-049346-5
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1507:0-226-42960-1
1503:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1464:Form in Music
1461:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1423:9781133954729
1419:
1415:
1408:
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1401:
1397:
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1387:
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1379:
1377:9780199813698
1373:
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1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:0-07-294262-2
1302:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:0-07-035874-5
1278:
1274:
1273:Tonal Harmony
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1214:Meter (music)
1209:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1194:Program music
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1156:
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1024:
1019:
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1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
988:
987:
982:
981:
980:
977:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
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951:
947:
943:
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929:
927:
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921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
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886:
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878:
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870:
868:
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849:
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799:
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
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771:
767:
763:
759:
750:
745:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
710:
708:
704:
703:Strophic form
697:Strophic form
696:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
668:
666:
663:
661:
657:
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:cyclical form
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:strophic form
561:
560:musical piece
553:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
518:
513:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:and accented
465:
461:
457:
456:
455:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
403:
401:
397:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:tonal harmony
347:
341:
339:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:
274:
271:
256:
253:
245:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
203: –
202:
198:
197:Find sources:
191:
187:
181:
180:
175:This article
173:
169:
164:
163:
154:
151:
143:
133:
129:
125:
119:
117:
110:
101:
100:
91:
86:
82:
78:
77:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4221:Musical form
4192:
4178:
4164:
3953:Vatican City
3903:Turkmenistan
3803:South Africa
3773:Sierra Leone
3753:Saudi Arabia
3128:Burkina Faso
2788:Record label
2674:Music school
2579:
2529:Concert band
2439:Angular harp
2366:Circus music
2251:Arabic music
2094:Ternary form
1979:Introduction
1869:Musical form
1868:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1750:15: 191-297.
1747:
1738:
1729:
1723:10: 233–287.
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1680:
1661:
1638:
1607:
1602:
1580:Musical form
1579:
1573:
1550:
1522:
1516:
1495:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1413:
1407:
1391:
1386:
1363:
1357:
1345:
1318:
1312:
1296:
1272:
1237:
1231:
1208:
1160:
1149:CODA / Outro
1140:Middle-Eight
1109:
1093:
1085:
1080:16-Bar Blues
1062:ABCD a.k.a.
1034:
1015:
1008:
1001:
993:
986:introduction
984:
978:
974:
953:
949:
945:
941:
939:
923:
919:
911:
900:contrapuntal
888:
865:
864:
861:
845:
829:
825:
823:
808:ternary form
803:
801:
798:Ternary form
792:Ternary form
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:Greensleeves
761:
757:
755:
731:
727:
723:
714:
706:
675:introduction
672:
664:
653:
604:
594:
590:
586:
580:
557:
544:common meter
537:
522:
511:
507:
503:
498:
453:
443:
439:
435:
431:
429:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
405:
400:Craig Wright
398:, professor
395:
393:
375:
373:
368:
366:
361:
345:
343:
337:
335:
330:orchestrated
297:
284:
283:
281:
266:
248:
239:
229:
222:
215:
208:
196:
184:Please help
179:verification
176:
146:
137:
113:
89:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
4057:Terminology
4037:Instruments
3843:Switzerland
3813:South Sudan
3808:South Korea
3733:Saint Lucia
3688:Philippines
3633:North Korea
3613:New Zealand
3608:Netherlands
3413:Ivory Coast
3253:El Salvador
2998:Afghanistan
2965:Micronesian
2766:Compilation
2679:Composition
2569:Composition
2534:Disc jockey
2507:Backup band
2434:Arched Harp
2191:Prehistoric
2074:Sonata form
2034:Post-chorus
1949:Development
1939:Cyclic form
1904:Binary form
1873:development
1799:XXI, No. 2.
1741:16: 77-103.
1496:Urban blues
1134:Post-chorus
1077:8-Bar Blues
1071:AAB a.k.a.
1002:development
970:development
942:sonata form
936:Sonata form
885:ground bass
877:Passacaglia
744:Binary form
738:Binary form
660:Alfred Mann
478:that, when
426:and so on).
294:performance
140:August 2012
3943:Uzbekistan
3863:Tajikistan
3768:Seychelles
3748:San Marino
3583:Mozambique
3573:Montenegro
3543:Mauritania
3508:Madagascar
3503:Luxembourg
3458:Kyrgyzstan
3433:Kazakhstan
3238:East Timor
3188:Costa Rica
3153:Cape Verde
3063:Bangladesh
3048:Azerbaijan
2970:Polynesian
2960:Melanesian
2742:Production
2721:Organology
2686:Musicology
2416:Soul music
2371:Folk music
2356:Vernacular
2114:Transition
2044:Repetition
2029:Pre-chorus
1959:Exposition
1929:Conclusion
1777:36: 35-64.
1223:References
1212:See also:
1163:song cycle
994:exposition
958:exposition
896:polyphonic
834:ritornello
820:Rondo form
814:Rondo form
611:song-cycle
533:verse form
480:harmonized
464:unaccented
318:repetition
316:that show
282:In music,
212:newspapers
39:improve it
4078:Album era
3958:Venezuela
3823:Sri Lanka
3778:Singapore
3663:Palestine
3618:Nicaragua
3548:Mauritius
3498:Lithuania
3383:Indonesia
3338:Guatemala
3038:Australia
3028:Argentina
2948:Caribbean
2902:Southeast
2627:and study
2625:Education
2615:Technique
2491:Ensembles
2401:Pop music
2233:Art music
2211:Religious
2119:Variation
1984:Leitmotif
1884:Arch form
1732:15: 1-18.
1662:Songstuff
1588:cite book
1582:. London.
1559:cite book
1440:cite book
1432:800033147
1337:882602291
1256:214315557
1146:Collision
904:divisions
842:Arch form
826:ABACADAEA
720:potpourri
644:movements
525:sentences
495:variation
376:free-form
322:variation
312:, and/or
128:talk page
45:talk page
4215:Category
4199:Category
4012:Timeline
3983:Zimbabwe
3873:Thailand
3868:Tanzania
3833:Suriname
3788:Slovenia
3783:Slovakia
3698:Portugal
3678:Paraguay
3653:Pakistan
3568:Mongolia
3523:Maldives
3518:Malaysia
3443:Kiribati
3363:Honduras
3278:Ethiopia
3273:Eswatini
3228:Dominica
3223:Djibouti
3178:Colombia
3143:Cameroon
3138:Cambodia
3123:Bulgaria
3108:Botswana
3068:Barbados
2955:Oceanian
2909:European
2865:Southern
2798:Sampling
2590:Notation
2524:Big band
2486:Musician
2216:Biblical
2014:Overture
2009:Ostinato
2004:Movement
1899:Bar form
1889:Argument
1819:Archived
1173:See also
1167:oratorio
920:AABACABA
908:descants
891:ostinato
881:Chaconne
732:AABBCCDD
636:concerto
632:symphony
548:galliard
412:B, C, D,
402:writes:
390:Labeling
380:fantasia
354:cadences
122:You may
4108:Warfare
4007:Outline
3963:Vietnam
3948:Vanuatu
3938:Uruguay
3918:Ukraine
3893:Tunisia
3798:Somalia
3758:Senegal
3713:Romania
3628:Nigeria
3593:Namibia
3588:Myanmar
3578:Morocco
3558:Moldova
3483:Liberia
3478:Lesotho
3473:Lebanon
3418:Jamaica
3398:Ireland
3373:Iceland
3368:Hungary
3333:Grenada
3318:Germany
3313:Georgia
3293:Finland
3268:Estonia
3263:Eritrea
3243:Ecuador
3218:Denmark
3193:Croatia
3183:Comoros
3133:Burundi
3098:Bolivia
3078:Belgium
3073:Belarus
3058:Bahrain
3053:Bahamas
3043:Austria
3033:Armenia
3013:Andorra
3008:Algeria
3003:Albania
2882:Central
2850:Central
2845:African
2605:Singing
2223:Secular
2206:Martial
2196:Ancient
2069:Section
2049:Reprise
1125:Refrain
924:ABACABA
830:ABACABA
687:refrain
576:czardas
519:Passage
504:passage
476:measure
438:", or
436:B prime
384:Debussy
358:periods
346:phrases
314:harmony
226:scholar
85:Discuss
4017:Albums
3978:Zambia
3913:Uganda
3908:Tuvalu
3898:Turkey
3858:Taiwan
3838:Sweden
3763:Serbia
3723:Rwanda
3718:Russia
3693:Poland
3668:Panama
3643:Norway
3563:Monaco
3553:Mexico
3513:Malawi
3468:Latvia
3453:Kuwait
3448:Kosovo
3428:Jordan
3403:Israel
3353:Guyana
3343:Guinea
3328:Greece
3308:Gambia
3298:France
3203:Cyprus
3148:Canada
3118:Brunei
3113:Brazil
3093:Bhutan
3083:Belize
3018:Angola
2989:
2919:Nordic
2914:Balkan
2749:Single
2654:Method
2600:Lyrics
2564:Theory
2024:Phrase
2019:Period
1994:Melody
1964:Finale
1909:Bridge
1614:
1529:
1504:
1430:
1420:
1398:
1374:
1335:
1325:
1303:
1279:
1254:
1244:
1137:Bridge
1131:Chorus
1101:AABABA
966:themes
922:) or (
889:basso
786:AA′BB′
734:...).
716:Medley
691:bridge
689:, and
640:sonata
638:and a
627:ballet
621:. The
583:minuet
572:chorus
510:, and
499:phrase
488:figure
470:, the
310:melody
306:rhythm
228:
221:
214:
207:
199:
81:merged
4052:Songs
4002:Index
3995:Lists
3973:Yemen
3883:Tonga
3848:Syria
3828:Sudan
3818:Spain
3743:Samoa
3703:Qatar
3658:Palau
3623:Niger
3603:Nepal
3598:Nauru
3533:Malta
3488:Libya
3438:Kenya
3423:Japan
3408:Italy
3378:India
3358:Haiti
3323:Ghana
3303:Gabon
3248:Egypt
3173:China
3168:Chile
3088:Benin
2897:South
2877:Asian
2860:North
2823:Remix
2818:Cover
2776:Remix
2585:Genre
2454:Nafir
2376:Blues
2358:music
2201:Dance
2175:Music
2099:Theme
2064:Rondò
2059:Rondo
1999:Motif
1934:Cycle
1200:Notes
1122:Verse
1098:AAAAA
1086:See
916:Rondo
873:theme
846:ABCBA
724:chain
656:fugue
623:opera
619:suite
601:Cycle
529:verse
512:cycle
508:piece
484:motif
474:of a
472:cells
468:beats
462:into
460:pulse
424:a, b,
326:solos
233:JSTOR
219:books
130:, or
4145:Folk
3878:Togo
3683:Peru
3648:Oman
3528:Mali
3463:Laos
3393:Iraq
3388:Iran
3288:Fiji
3198:Cuba
3163:Chad
2887:East
2870:West
2855:East
2771:Live
2610:Song
2580:Form
2396:Jazz
2054:Riff
1989:Lick
1974:Hook
1954:Drop
1924:Coda
1919:Cell
1871:and
1612:ISBN
1594:link
1565:link
1527:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1446:link
1428:OCLC
1418:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1333:OCLC
1323:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1252:OCLC
1242:ISBN
1056:ABAB
1017:coda
960:and
952:and
906:and
879:and
762:AABB
728:ABCD
679:coda
677:and
634:, a
625:and
591:trio
587:AABB
418:and
378:. A
362:Form
338:Form
285:form
205:news
2649:PhD
944:or
926:).
898:or
804:ABA
760:or
722:or
595:ABA
486:or
360:. "
320:or
292:or
188:by
79:be
4217::
1795:.
1660:.
1647:^
1637:.
1626:^
1590:}}
1586:{{
1561:}}
1557:{{
1541:^
1442:}}
1438:{{
1426:.
1370:.
1366:.
1331:.
1288:^
1264:^
1250:.
871:a
840:.
810:.
788:.
782:B'
774:A′
758:AB
718:,
646:.
506:,
440:B″
432:B′
420:B,
408:A.
308:,
300:,
48:.
2167:e
2160:t
2153:v
1861:e
1854:t
1847:v
1641:.
1620:.
1596:)
1567:)
1535:.
1510:.
1448:)
1434:.
1402:.
1380:.
1339:.
1307:.
1283:.
1258:.
869::
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778:B
770:A
514:.
490:.
416:A
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267:(
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249:(
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240:(
230:·
223:·
216:·
209:·
182:.
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87:)
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