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Mosaic murals are made by combining small 1/4" to 2" size pieces of colorful stone, ceramic, or glass tiles which are then laid out to create a picture. Modern day technology has allowed commercial mosaic mural makers to use computer programs to separate photographs into colors that are automatically
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Tile murals are murals made out of stone, ceramic, porcelain, glass and or metal tiles that are installed within, or added onto the surface of an existing wall. They are also inlaid into floors. Mural tiles are painted, glazed, sublimation printed (as described below) or more traditionally cut out of
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among others have successfully transcended their street art aesthetic beyond the walls of urban landscape and onto walls of private and corporate clients. As graffiti/street art became more mainstream in the late 1990s, youth-oriented brands such as Nike and Red Bull, with Wieden
Kennedy, have turned
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writes about a series of communities, mainly located in New York, that have walls dedicated to the people who died. These memorials, both written word and mural style, provide the deceased to be present in the communities in which they lived. Bragg states that the "murals have woven themselves in the
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contains some of the most famous political murals in the world. Almost 2,000 murals have been documented in
Northern Ireland since the 1970s. In recent times, many murals are non-sectarian, concerning political and social issues such as racism and environmentalism, and many are completely apolitical,
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The current trend for feature walls has increased commissions for muralists in the UK. A large hand-painted mural can be designed on a specific theme, incorporate personal images and elements and may be altered during the course of painting it. The personal interaction between client and muralist is
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The disadvantages of pre-fabricated murals and decals are that they are often mass-produced and lack the allure and exclusivity of original artwork. They are often not fitted to the individual wall sizes of the client and their personal ideas or wishes cannot be added to the mural as it progresses.
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In the 1980s, illusionary wall painting experienced a renaissance in private homes. The reason for this revival in interior design could, in some cases be attributed to the reduction in living space for the individual. Faux architectural features, as well as natural scenery and views, can have the
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Many people like to express their individuality by commissioning an artist to paint a mural in their home. This is not an activity exclusively for owners of large houses. A mural artist is only limited by the fee and therefore the time spent on the painting; dictating the level of detail; a simple
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A consultation usually leads to detailed design and layout of the proposed mural with a price quote that the client approves before the muralist starts on the work. The area to be painted can be gridded to match the design allowing the image to be scaled accurately step by step. In some cases, the
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Custom-printed tile murals can be produced using digital images for kitchen splashbacks, wall displays, and flooring. Digital photos and artwork can be resized and printed to accommodate the desired size for the area to be decorated. Custom tile printing uses a variety of techniques including dye
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Murals can have a dramatic impact whether consciously or subconsciously on the attitudes of passers-by, when they are added to areas where people live and work. It can also be argued that the presence of large, public murals can add aesthetic improvement to the daily lives of residents or that of
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In modern, quick form of muralling, young enthusiasts also use POP clay mixed with glue or bond to give desired models on canvas board. The canvas is later set aside to let the clay dry. Once dried, the canvas and the shape can be painted with your choice of colors and later coated with varnish.
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Murals can be a relatively effective tool of social emancipation or achieving a political goal. Murals have sometimes been created against the law, or have been commissioned by local bars and coffee shops. Often, the visual effects are an enticement to attract public attention to social issues.
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employees at a corporate venue. Large-format hand-painted murals were the norm for advertisements in cities across
America, before the introduction of vinyl and digital posters. It was an expensive form of advertising with strict signage laws but gained attention and improved local aesthetics.
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on canvas arose as an easier method for mural painting. The advantage was that the artwork could be completed in the artist's studio and later transported to its destination and there attached to the wall or ceiling. Oil paint may be a less satisfactory medium for murals because of its lack of
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Different muralists tend to become experts in their preferred medium and application, whether that be oil paints, emulsion or acrylic paints applied by brush, roller or airbrush/aerosols. Clients will often ask for a particular style and the artist may adjust to the appropriate technique.
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stone, ceramic, mosaic glass(opaque) and stained glass. Some artists use pottery and plates broken into pieces. Unlike the traditional painted murals described above, tile murals are always made by fitting pieces of the selected materials together to create the design or image.
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Digital techniques are commonly used in advertisements. A "wallscape" is a large advertisement on or attached to the outside wall of a building. Wallscapes can be painted directly on the wall as a mural, or printed on vinyl and securely attached to the wall in the manner of a
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Murals are important as they bring art into the public sphere. Due to the size, cost, and work involved in creating a mural, muralists must often be commissioned by a sponsor. Often it is the local government or a business, but many murals have been paid for with grants of
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They have functioned as an important means of communication for members of socially, ethnically and racially divided communities in times of conflict. They also proved to be an effective tool in establishing a dialogue and hence solving the cleavage in the long run. The
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is painted on nearly-dry plaster, and was defined by the sixteenth-century author
Ignazio Pozzo as "firm enough not to take a thumb-print" so that the pigment only penetrates slightly into the plaster. By the end of the sixteenth century, this had largely displaced the
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tried to burn the capitol, but the
Colombian Army stopped them. Years later, in the 1980s, with liberals in charge of the Congress, they passed a resolution to turn the whole chamber in the Elliptic Room 90 degrees to put the main mural on the side and commissioned
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effect of 'opening out' the walls. Densely built-up areas of housing may also contribute to people's feelings of being cut off from nature in its free form. A mural commission of this sort may be an attempt by some people to re-establish a balance with nature.
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painting has experienced a renaissance in private and public buildings in Europe. Today, the beauty of a wall mural has become much more widely available with a technique whereby a painting or photographic image is transferred to poster paper or
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A not political, but social related mural covers a wall in an old building, once a prison, at the top of a cliff in
Bardiyah, in Libya. It was painted and signed by the artist in April 1942, weeks before his death on the first day of the
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murals are becoming a preferred mode of wall decor in India. Warli painting is an ancient Indian art form in which the tribal people used to depict different phases of their life on the walls of their mud houses.
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As an alternative to a hand-painted or airbrushed mural, digitally printed murals can also be applied to surfaces. Already existing murals can be photographed and then be reproduced in near-to-original quality.
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Maximilian Rapp and Markus
Rhomberg: The importance of Murals during the Troubles: Analyzing the republican use of wall paintings in Northern Ireland. In: Machin, D. (Ed.) Visual Communication Reader. De
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Many homeowners choose to display the traditional art and culture of their society or events from their history in their homes. Ethnic murals have become an important form of interior decoration.
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to graffiti/street artists to decorate walls of their respective offices. This trend continued through 2000's with graffiti/street art gaining more recognition from art institutions worldwide.
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design is projected straight onto the wall and traced with pencil before painting begins. Some muralists will paint directly without any prior sketching, preferring the spontaneous technique.
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Commissions of murals in schools, hospitals, and retirement homes can achieve a pleasing and welcoming atmosphere in these caring institutions. Murals in other public buildings, such as
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Private commissions can be for dining rooms, bathrooms, living rooms or, as is often the case- children's bedrooms. A child's room can be transformed into the 'fantasy world' of a
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Jorge CunĂ; Pedro CunĂ; Brielle Eisen; RubĂ©n
Savizki; John Bové (2012). "Characterization of the binding medium used in Roman encaustic paintings on wall and wood".
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sublimation and ceramic-type laser toners. The latter technique can yield fade-resistant custom tiles which are suitable for long term exterior exposure.
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Selim
Augusti. La tecnica dell'antica pittura parietale pompeiana. Pompeiana, Studi per il 2° Centenario degli Scavi di Pompei. Napoli 1950, 313â354
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653:. For artists, their work gets a wide audience who otherwise might not set foot in an art gallery. A city benefits by the beauty of a work of art.
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was chosen to host the 2010 Global Mural
Conference. The town had more than twelve murals completed, and hosted the Conference along with
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Once completed the mural can be given coats of varnish or protective acrylic glaze to protect the work from UV rays and surface damage.
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Maximilian Rapp and Markus Rhomberg: Seeking a Neutral Identity in Northern Ireland's Political Wall Paintings. In: Peace review 24(4).
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regimes as a tool of propaganda. However, despite the propagandist character of that works, some of them still have an artistic value.
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PĂ©ter Bokody (Ed.). Image and Christianity: Visual Media in the Middle Ages. Exhibition Catalog. Pannonhalma: Pannonhalma Abbey, 2014
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painting is one of the oldest known methods in mural painting. In tempera, the pigments are bound in an albuminous medium such as
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brilliance in colour. Also, the pigments are yellowed by the binder or are more easily affected by atmospheric conditions.
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fabric of the neighborhoods, and the city". These memorials remind people of the deaths caused by inner city violence.
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was placed in the courtyard defending the artistic merit of the murals while attacking his politics as "detestable".
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issued a manifesto calling for the development of a monumental public art movement in Mexico; he named it in Spanish
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Murals today are painted in a variety of ways, using oil or water-based media. The styles can vary from abstract to
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A school project funded by the government of Angola so that the kids can paint this mural. Each school painted one
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Urban Square Mall, Udaipur created World's Largest and Longest Indoor Paintings honored by World Records India
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that is painted or applied directly to a wall, ceiling or other permanent substrate. Mural techniques include
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Universal database on modern muralism, with many details to the works: authors, locations, literature etc.
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Many rural towns have begun using murals to create tourist attractions in order to boost economic income.
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was given to the fighter who was first to scale the wall of a besieged town. "Mural" comes from the Latin
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2768:: The Third Branch â A Chronicle of the Illinois Supreme Court; The History of the Illinois Supreme Court
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The Melville Shoe Mosaic, an early 20th century ceramic tile mural at 44 Hammond Street in Worcester, MA
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and street art have played a key role in contemporary wall painting. Such graffiti/street artists as
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were the most famous artists of the movement. Between 1932 and 1940, Rivera also painted murals in
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numeral "à©š" is written on the right-side, showing the significance of Angad as the second of the
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for the Americas. The director of the OEA and the Colombian government commissioned master
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In 1948, the Colombian government hosted the IX Pan-American Conference to establish the
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cut and glued onto sheets of mesh creating precise murals fast and in large quantities.
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movement in the 1930s brought new prominence to murals as a social and political tool.
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Panel of glazed tiles by Jorge Colaço (1922) depicting an episode from the battle of
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is a Spanish adjective that is used to refer to what is attached to a wall. The term
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cafe in 1977 were covered over by commercial advertising after Germany was reunited.
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Mural Painting and Social Revolution in Mexico, 1920-1940: Art of the New Order
910:. In 1933, he completed a famous series of twenty-seven fresco panels entitled
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State-sponsored public art expressions, particularly murals, are often used by
289:). The first mural painted in the 20th century, was âEl ĂĄrbol de la vidaâ, by
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often a unique experience for an individual not usually involved in the arts.
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It is also common for mural graffiti to be used as a memoir. In the 2001 book
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26:"Muralist" and "muralists" redirect here. For the Mexican art movement, see
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is "dry" in Italian). The pigments thus require a binding medium, such as
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Piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a large permanent surface
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to give the effect of either a hand-painted mural or realistic scene.
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painted political murals in support of workers rights and Communism.
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2204:"MURAL CROWN | Meaning & Definition for UK English | Lexico.com"
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French and European gate of murals: 10 000 pictures and 1100 murals
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Mural Painting as a Medium: Technique, Representation and Liturgy
2435:"Hipster Culture and Instagram Are Responsible for a Good Thing"
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Albert Krehbiel's murals at the Illinois Supreme Court Building
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depicting children at play and scenes from everyday life. (See
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208:(around 32,000 BP). Many ancient murals have been found within
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Take an online tour of the murals in Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Murales politici della Sardegna : guida, storia, percorsi
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Mural of a painter in classical style in a real 3-dimensional
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América Tropical: Oprimida y Destrozada por los Imperialismos
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addresses some of the personalisation and size restrictions.
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Dreamworlds- The making of a room with illusionary painting
2229:. Digital Egypt for Universities, University College London
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During the Middle Ages murals were usually executed on dry
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In the history of murals, several methods have been used:
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Murals displaying the Marxist view of the press on this
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began to be used at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Image and Christianity: Visual Media in the Middle Ages
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form, but also had a specific functional capacity like
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Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg
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Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, The Nazranies
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Rajasthani motif mural by Kakshyaachitra, Mumbai 2014
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by Rainer Maria Latzke, digitally printed on canvas
144:, meaning "wall painting". This word is related to
4197:Sueño de una Tarde Dominical en la Alameda Central
2706:How to prepare a mural wall and protect the mural
3309:Timeline of 20th century printmaking in America
2750:Global Murals Conference 2006 at Prestoungrange
2248:The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India
2191:Siqueiros, Biography of a Revolutionary Artist
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1109:mural can be added to the smallest of walls.
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8:
2786:â A digital mural of collaborative pixel art
1018:, it was created by English artist, private
273:The term mural became better known with the
4133:History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution
586:technique, a digital manufacturing method (
300:and techniques. The best-known is probably
4109:
4095:
4087:
3636:
3622:
3614:
2824:
2810:
2802:
2250:, Vol. II, 1973; Menachery, George (ed.):
1048:painted on the Wall, the "World's longest
668:Other world-famous murals can be found in
522:colors applied in a cold state were used.
2775:in the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
2711:Political Wall Murals in Northern Ireland
1301:Azulejos can be found inside and outside
735:. They can be dated from 9th century AD.
494:method, and was used by painters such as
316:method has also been used for millennia.
2433:Jamie Lauren Keiles (January 29, 2018).
2220:Only after 664 BC are dates secure. See
2098:List of United States post office murals
750:, are the oldest example of this art in
160:
47:
2182:
1870:
1294:. They have become a typical aspect of
1040:Many unknown and known artists such as
1029:began to erect a wall between East and
776:
632:Conservation and restoration of frescos
342:which is then pasted to a wall surface
2734:The National Society of Mural Painters
1944:-themed mural on wall of post office,
916:on the walls of an inner court at the
224:in Mexico (around 1200â900 BC) and in
114:later became a noun. In art, the word
1880:Stylised mural of the miners' leader
1270:
1261:
984:to paint a non-partisan mural in the
937:United Nations Security Council mural
7:
2644:Seeing is Believing? Murals in Derry
2516:Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
2410:SebastiĂĄn Vargas (30 October 2015).
2118:Newtown area graffiti and street art
943:(1952), towers over meetings of the
357:A special type of mural painting is
257:Murals from the 16th century at the
41:. Salle des Illustres, Le Capitole,
3895:Hong Kong (Free Ai Weiwei campaign)
2389:Technical aspects of mural painting
2298:, Pannonhalma Abbey, 2014, 136â151"
483:to attach the pigment to the wall.
3408:Index of painting-related articles
2414:. D+C, development and cooperation
1233:armies. A piece of public art in
1229:(1385) between the Portuguese and
443:technique consists of painting in
389:The 18th-century BC fresco of the
14:
4173:The Epic of American Civilization
2586:Mexican Murals in times of Crisis
467:painting is done on dry plaster (
426:which derives from the adjective
212:tombs (around 3150 BC), the
4305:Desiderio HernĂĄndez Xochitiotzin
4072:
4071:
2637:. Guildhall: Shire Publications.
2541:. New York: Vintage Books, 2001.
2029:
2002:
1990:
1967:
1952:
1929:
1909:
1897:
1873:
1064:, is a most important center of
860:
840:
824:
808:
779:
235:(secco). The huge collection of
2363:"As used by Eric Cumini Murals"
2308:from the original on 2021-04-27
451:on a thin layer of wet, fresh,
2288:Bokody, Peter (January 2014).
1320:They were not only used as an
1275:) refers to a typical form of
601:A mural in the stone fence in
1:
2661:Latzke, Rainer Maria (1999).
2646:. Guildhall: Printing Press.
2265:"Pallikalile Chitrabhasangal"
2193:, Book Surge, 2009, pp. 19â21
1904:Wall paint, Dhaka, Bangladesh
1104:in private home, England 2007
1033:, which became famous as the
244:
60:
4005:Sarajevo Street Art Festival
3347:Museum collection management
3270:Art history (academic study)
3149:alternative exhibition space
2083:Detachment of wall paintings
2017:, with note in Esperanto in
1087:Contemporary interior design
3508:Colossal sculptures in situ
3212:Artist-in-residence program
2665:. Monte Carlo Art Edition.
2607:Folgarait, Leonard (1998).
2590:University of Arizona Press
2088:Institute of Mural Painting
2042:early European colonization
1309:, ordinary houses and even
4437:
3964:Palestine (West Bank Wall)
3889:SĂŁo Paulo (Beco do Batman)
3518:Contemporary art galleries
3413:Outline of the visual arts
2773:Murals of Northern Ireland
2745:Ancient Prehispanic Murals
2613:Cambridge University Press
1961:Israeli separation barrier
1012:First Battle of El Alamein
629:
136:In ancient Roman times, a
25:
18:
4360:Vlady Kibalchich Russakov
4221:La Marcha de la Humanidad
4069:
3588:
2721:Murals.trompe-l-oeil.info
2680:Rubanu, Pietrina (1998).
2246:Menachery, George (ed.):
1530:Carlos "Botong" Francisco
1505:Santiago Martinez Delgado
1259:Portuguese pronunciation:
961:Santiago Martinez Delgado
918:Detroit Institute of Arts
754:and are dated at 300 BC.
296:There are many different
228:(around 100 BC â AD 79).
4239:Museo Mural Diego Rivera
3572:Most expensive paintings
3359:Conservation-restoration
3161:Contemporary art gallery
2790:mural.ch / muralism.info
2635:Mediaeval Wall Paintings
2584:Campbell, Bruce (2003).
2484:Social Painting in Chile
2385:"Toronto Mural Painting"
1435:Edwin Howland Blashfield
869:Malaysian Prime Minister
539:In 16th-century Europe,
180:Murals of sorts date to
4370:Manuel Rodriguez Lozano
4300:Jorge GonzĂĄlez Camarena
4165:Detroit Industry Murals
4010:Sarasota Chalk Festival
4000:Pasadena Chalk Festival
3580:works by living artists
3342:Classificatory disputes
2796:Creative Wall Painting
2560:George Mason University
2108:Murals of Kerala, India
2093:List of New Deal murals
2046:Fairfield Public School
434:on walls or ceilings.
392:Investiture of Zimrilim
204:department of southern
4335:RamĂłn Alva de la Canal
4275:Alfredo Ramos MartĂnez
4265:David Alfaro Siqueiros
2482:Saul, Ernesto (1972).
2412:"Seizing public space"
1924:, Czech Republic, 2012
1780:David Alfaro Siqueiros
1360:
1343:19th century mural of
1268:Spanish pronunciation:
1242:
1205:
1160:
1158:Donostia-San SebastiĂĄn
1105:
952:
645:
610:
574:
407:
265:
177:
71:
45:
21:Mural (disambiguation)
4375:Jorge Figueroa Acosta
4244:San Ildefonso College
4181:Man at the Crossroads
4141:The History of Mexico
3949:Sydney (Newtown area)
3881:Southeastern Brazil (
3217:Artist-run initiative
3104:Visual arts education
2149:The Manchester Murals
1940:1941, oil on canvas,
1575:Albert Henry Krehbiel
1525:Piero della Francesca
1342:
1224:
1203:
1155:
1099:
1004:Northern Irish murals
934:
792:The History of Mexico
726:Kerala mural painting
639:
630:Further information:
600:
565:
388:
256:
237:Kerala mural painting
164:
51:
37:Ceiling painting, by
36:
4270:José Clemente Orozco
4078:Category: Street art
3875:Berlin (Berlin Wall)
3513:Contemporary artists
3376:Destination painting
3173:Single-artist museum
3062:Conservator-restorer
2779:Roman wall paintings
2642:Woods, Oona (1995).
2518:"Last Resting Place"
2165:Wall poems in Leiden
2009:Mural of founder of
1820:John Augustus Walker
1710:José Clemente Orozco
1460:Arturo Garcia Bustos
1020:John Frederick Brill
993:Romana Parra Brigade
867:The mural of former
496:Gianbattista Tiepolo
196:(40,000â52,000 BP),
66:with aspects in the
53:Prehistoric Egyptian
19:For other uses, see
3503:Art reference books
3297:History of painting
2881:Fine-art photograph
2736:(USA; founded 1895)
2684:. Massari Editore.
2391:. Toronto Muralists
2222:Egyptian chronology
2036:A mural exhibiting
1840:Lumen Martin Winter
1825:Henry Oliver Walker
1760:John Singer Sargent
1595:Rainer Maria Latzke
1326:temperature control
592:Rainer Maria Latzke
418:painting, from the
331:Rainer Maria Latzke
259:St. Lawrence Church
190:Lubang Jeriji Saléh
55:mural painted on a
4325:José Chåvez Morado
4280:Roberto Montenegro
4189:Pan American Unity
3598:Visual arts portal
3528:National galleries
3381:Eclecticism in art
3336:Catalogue raisonné
3207:Artist cooperative
2726:2011-12-12 at the
2440:The New York Times
2349:10.1039/C2AY05635F
2337:Analytical Methods
2189:D. Anthony White,
2123:Post Office Murals
2038:Aboriginal culture
1916:Graffiti mural in
1845:Richard Wyatt, Jr.
1675:Roberto Montenegro
1490:John Steuart Curry
1450:Guillaume Bottazzi
1415:Thomas Hart Benton
1361:
1347:from Baoli Sahib,
1334:Portuguese history
1296:Portuguese culture
1272:[aΞuËlexo]
1263:[ÉzuËleÊu]
1243:
1206:
1161:
1106:
953:
646:
611:
575:
536:diluted in water.
408:
395:discovered at the
291:Roberto Montenegro
266:
184:times such as the
178:
174:Maharashtra, India
148:, meaning "wall".
72:
46:
4398:
4397:
4345:Amado de la Cueva
4084:
4083:
4026:Built environment
3985:The Cans Festival
3611:
3610:
3202:Artist collective
3016:Site-specific art
2866:Cultural artifact
2672:978-3-00-027990-4
2552:"The Corn Parade"
2210:on March 3, 2021.
2143:Socialist realism
1892:, Gloucestershire
1860:Carolina Falkholt
1815:Leonardo da Vinci
1805:Allen Tupper True
1655:Anjolie Ela Menon
1630:John Anton Mallin
1615:Michelle Loughery
1565:Jane Kim (artist)
1445:Giotto di Bondone
1368:Notable muralists
1179:, Mint&Serf,
1153:
1135:are also common.
982:Alejandro Obregon
759:Colquitt, Georgia
744:Maya civilization
182:Upper Paleolithic
176:, 7th century CE.
102:Word mural in art
64: 3,500 B.C.
39:Jean-André Rixens
4428:
4355:Benito Messeguer
4350:FermĂn Revueltas
4118:Mexican muralism
4111:
4104:
4097:
4088:
4075:
4074:
3905:Northern Ireland
3811:Lists of artists
3772:Stencil graffiti
3762:Reverse graffiti
3699:Installation art
3638:
3631:
3624:
3615:
3567:Stolen paintings
3435:Sociology of art
3386:Economics of art
3237:Sculpture garden
3222:Artist-run space
3021:Social sculpture
2891:Installation art
2826:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2740:Ancient Maya Art
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2464:. Olga's Gallery
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2270:. Archived from
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2235:
2234:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2206:. Archived from
2200:
2194:
2187:
2103:Mexican muralism
2033:
2006:
1994:
1971:
1956:
1938:The Corn Parade,
1936:Orr C. Fischer,
1933:
1913:
1901:
1877:
1680:Frank Nuderscher
1470:Barbara Carrasco
1311:railway stations
1274:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1154:
1100:Forest mural by
1076:Somebody Told Me
1014:. Known as the
999:Northern Ireland
951:in New York City
945:Security Council
924:of the 1950s, a
913:Detroit Industry
872:Mahathir Mohamad
864:
844:
828:
812:
783:
767:Blakely, Georgia
728:are on walls of
275:Mexican muralism
249:
246:
210:ancient Egyptian
78:is any piece of
65:
62:
43:Toulouse, France
28:Mexican muralism
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4427:
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4390:Leopoldo Flores
4320:Pablo O'Higgins
4310:Pedro Nel GĂłmez
4248:
4227:
4120:
4115:
4085:
4080:
4065:
4041:Psychogeography
4014:
3968:
3853:
3832:
3806:
3725:
3714:Spray paint art
3694:Hip hop culture
3669:Culture jamming
3647:
3642:
3612:
3607:
3593:Painting portal
3584:
3491:sculpture parks
3444:
3403:Elements of art
3371:Cultural policy
3313:
3265:Timeline of art
3251:
3242:Sculpture trail
3121:
3115:
3040:
2957:Performance art
2839:
2830:
2728:Wayback Machine
2702:
2692:
2679:
2673:
2660:
2654:
2641:
2631:Rouse, E. Clive
2629:
2623:
2606:
2600:
2583:
2580:
2578:Further reading
2575:
2574:
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2562:
2556:History Matters
2550:
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2290:"PĂ©ter Bokody,
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2073:Bogside Artists
2063:
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2034:
2025:
2015:Ludwik Zamenhof
2007:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1946:Mount Ayr, Iowa
1934:
1925:
1914:
1905:
1902:
1893:
1878:
1869:
1864:
1775:Clément Serveau
1720:Aarón Piña Mora
1700:Pablo O'Higgins
1635:Andrea Mantegna
1625:Sofia Maldonado
1425:Torsten Billman
1420:John T. Biggers
1370:
1328:in homes. Many
1315:subway stations
1267:
1258:
1219:
1198:
1143:
1141:
1094:
1089:
965:CĂșcuta Congress
949:UN headquarters
896:David Siqueiros
878:
865:
856:
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829:
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797:National Palace
784:
775:
763:Dothan, Alabama
634:
628:
512:
383:
283:David Siqueiros
271:
247:
168:tales from the
159:
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80:graphic artwork
63:
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4285:Federico CantĂș
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4051:Urban planning
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3844:Henry Chalfant
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3767:Rock balancing
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3749:
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3716:
3711:
3709:Screenprinting
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3543:by nationality
3540:
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3525:
3523:Modern artists
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
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3493:
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3466:Art techniques
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3352:deaccessioning
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3282:
3277:
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3259:
3257:History of art
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3247:Virtual museum
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3144:Art exhibition
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2700:External links
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2598:
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2462:"Diego Rivera"
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2277:on 2015-06-20.
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2138:Social realism
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2113:MURAL Festival
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2078:Brixton murals
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1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1810:Kent Twitchell
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Conrad Schmitt
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:P K Sadanandan
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Edward O'Brien
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1640:Reginald Marsh
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:Will Hicok Low
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Shepard Fairey
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:Dora De Larios
1497:
1495:Robert Dafford
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Gabriel Bracho
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Above (artist)
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Carlos Almaraz
1377:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1322:ornamental art
1218:
1215:
1210:Warli painting
1197:
1194:
1173:Shepard Fairey
1140:
1139:Graffiti-style
1137:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
991:In Chile, the
967:, and painted
880:
879:
866:
859:
857:
846:
839:
837:
830:
823:
821:
814:
807:
805:
785:
778:
774:
771:
742:murals of the
720:has exclusive
627:
624:
590:) invented by
518:times, mostly
511:
508:
382:
379:
333:in the 1980s,
277:art movement (
270:
267:
214:Minoan palaces
186:cave paintings
172:, present-day
158:
155:
153:
150:
103:
100:
68:Gerzeh culture
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4433:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Carlos MĂ©rida
4383:
4381:
4380:Arnold Belkin
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Alfredo Zalce
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4340:RaĂșl Anguiano
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Juan O'Gorman
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:Rufino Tamayo
4293:
4291:
4290:Fernando Leal
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4205:Day and Night
4202:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4079:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3938:Clarion Alley
3935:
3931:
3930:San Francisco
3928:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:New York City
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3850:
3849:Martha Cooper
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:Photographers
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:Moss graffiti
3740:
3738:
3737:Guerrilla art
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Direct action
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Aerosol paint
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3550:Photographers
3548:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:single artist
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Art movements
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Art magazines
3454:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:art valuation
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3280:Art movements
3278:
3276:
3275:Art manifesto
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Arts festival
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:Artwork title
3034:
3032:
3031:Stained glass
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:New media art
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
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2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Appropriation
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
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2738:
2735:
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2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2653:0-946451-31-1
2649:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2622:0-521-58147-8
2618:
2614:
2611:. Cambridge:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2599:0-8165-2239-1
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:Bragg, Rick.
2534:
2531:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2426:
2413:
2406:
2403:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2365:. Eric Cumini
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2281:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2254:, Saras, 1998
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
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2109:
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2104:
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2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Robert Wyland
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Rufino Tamayo
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:Eugene Savage
1763:
1761:
1758:
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1753:
1751:
1748:
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1741:
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1723:
1721:
1718:
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1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Juan O'Gorman
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Violet Oakley
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Mario Miranda
1663:
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1613:
1611:
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1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Paul Kuniholm
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Eduardo Kobra
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Satish Gujral
1543:
1541:
1538:
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1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Dean Cornwell
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
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1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Arnold Belkin
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Dorothy Annan
1383:
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1133:public houses
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966:
962:
958:
957:Marshall plan
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
929:
927:
923:
920:. During the
919:
915:
914:
909:
908:New York City
905:
901:
900:San Francisco
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:Mexican mural
877:
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863:
858:
854:
850:
847:A mural with
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674:New York City
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131:wall painting
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127:pintura mural
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81:
77:
69:
58:
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44:
40:
35:
29:
22:
4330:Jean Charlot
4260:Diego Rivera
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4046:Street party
4036:Public space
3990:Living Walls
3925:Philadelphia
3882:
3792:Yarn bombing
3746:
3718:
3486:most visited
3334:
2962:Plastic arts
2912:
2886:Found object
2765:
2681:
2662:
2643:
2634:
2608:
2585:
2563:. Retrieved
2555:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2521:. Retrieved
2511:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2477:
2466:. Retrieved
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2438:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2405:
2393:. Retrieved
2388:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2357:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2321:
2310:. Retrieved
2301:
2295:
2291:
2283:
2272:the original
2259:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2227:"Chronology"
2224:for details.
2216:
2208:the original
2198:
2190:
2185:
2170:Mural (song)
2160:Trompe-l'Ćil
2147:
2068:Anamorphosis
1937:
1886:public house
1882:Warren James
1855:Isaiah Zagar
1785:Frank Stella
1740:Diego Rivera
1715:Rufus Porter
1705:Noni Olabisi
1670:Claude Monet
1660:Michelangelo
1560:Keith Haring
1555:Richard Haas
1520:LeRoy Foster
1475:Eleanor Coen
1362:
1329:
1319:
1300:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1207:
1169:Keith Haring
1162:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:racing track
1111:
1107:
1102:One Red Shoe
1101:
1075:
1073:
1046:Keith Haring
1042:Thierry Noir
1039:
1027:East Germany
1024:
1016:Bardia Mural
1008:
997:
990:
971:in front of
954:
911:
888:Diego Rivera
881:
853:Donald Trump
817:Bardia Mural
803:(1929-1935).
790:
787:Diego Rivera
756:
737:
678:Philadelphia
667:
663:
659:totalitarian
655:
647:
626:Significance
612:
584:Frescography
580:
576:
571:Frescography
557:
554:
550:
546:
541:oil painting
538:
524:
513:
503:
500:Michelangelo
491:
487:Mezzo-fresco
486:
485:
468:
464:Fresco-secco
462:
461:
438:
436:
427:
423:
413:
412:
409:
397:Royal Palace
390:
375:Oberammergau
359:LĂŒftlmalerei
356:
350:Frescography
343:
335:trompe-l'Ćil
322:trompe-l'Ćil
320:
318:
311:
301:
295:
279:Diego Rivera
272:
243:. In Italy,
241:fresco secco
230:
198:Chauvet Cave
179:
170:Ajanta Caves
145:
141:
135:
130:
126:
120:
115:
111:
107:
105:
75:
73:
4200:(1946-1947)
4176:(1932-1934)
4168:(1932-1933)
4144:(1929-1935)
4136:(1929-1930)
4056:Visual arts
3995:See No Evil
3934:Balmy Alley
3777:Sticker art
3683:terminology
3603:Arts portal
3476:Art museums
3391:art finance
3192:Arts centre
3156:Art gallery
3139:Art commune
3129:Art auction
2972:Printmaking
2901:Mixed media
2896:Kinetic art
2833:Visual arts
2784:Pixel Mural
2446:26 November
2418:21 December
2395:18 December
2369:18 December
1942:Agriculture
1835:Ezra Winter
1830:Lucia Wiley
1800:Alton Tobey
1745:Graham Rust
1730:Archie Rand
1645:Knox Martin
1580:Susan Krieg
1550:Manav Gupta
1540:Louis Grell
1465:Paul Cadmus
1440:Blek le Rat
1375:Edwin Abbey
1227:Aljubarrota
1181:Futura 2000
1092:Traditional
1035:Berlin Wall
1031:West Berlin
922:McCarthyism
892:José Orozco
849:Kim Jong Un
833:East Berlin
801:Mexico City
752:Mesoamerica
740:San Bartolo
702:Philippines
690:Los Angeles
642:San Bartolo
516:Greco-Roman
492:buon fresco
479:), glue or
453:lime mortar
447:mixed with
440:buon fresco
399:of ancient
327:Graham Rust
287:José Orozco
248: 1300
222:Juxtlahuaca
157:Antique art
138:mural crown
4405:Categories
4213:Still Life
4149:Prometheus
4031:Public art
3980:Beton Fest
3797:Wheatpaste
3720:Subway Art
3704:Propaganda
3645:Street art
3576:sculptures
3430:Provenance
3325:Art market
3232:Commission
3180:Art school
3168:Art museum
3134:Art colony
3122:and events
2982:street art
2977:Public art
2691:8845701018
2588:. Tucson:
2468:2007-09-24
2343:(3): 659.
2312:2014-10-11
2233:2008-03-25
2177:References
2133:Public art
2128:Propaganda
1610:Alma Lopez
1485:Kenyon Cox
1430:Henry Bird
1357:Sikh gurus
1345:Guru Angad
1285:tin-glazed
1277:Portuguese
1163:Recently,
1080:Rick Bragg
986:surrealist
926:large sign
876:Alor Setar
855:in Vienna.
620:billboards
363:Mittenwald
313:marouflage
269:Modern art
218:OxtotitlĂĄn
129:(English:
96:marouflage
59:tomb wall
4061:Vandalism
3910:Melbourne
3879:Brazil (
3802:Wildstyle
3787:Throw ups
3689:Handstyle
3555:Sculptors
3461:Art media
3423:sculpture
3364:paintings
3285:Criticism
3067:paintings
3057:Collector
2989:Sculpture
2906:bricolage
2837:art world
2565:27 August
2054:Australia
2011:Esperanto
1984:Lithuania
1959:Mural on
1922:Prague 10
1755:Sadequain
1725:John Pugh
1650:Peter Max
1600:Rina Lazo
1585:Per Krohg
1535:Os Gemeos
1390:Judy Baca
1283:painted,
1231:Castilian
1185:Os Gemeos
1056:artists.
973:Santander
941:Per Krohg
789:'s mural
748:Guatemala
704:, and in
694:Nicaragua
651:patronage
616:billboard
569:designed
534:egg white
520:encaustic
381:Technique
346:wallpaper
308:lime wash
220:cave and
121:In 1906,
106:The word
4411:Painting
3944:Sarajevo
3919:5 Pointz
3883:pichação
3865:Adelaide
3823:Graffiti
3679:Graffiti
3659:Activism
3533:Painters
3418:painting
3330:The arts
3290:feminist
3227:Biennale
2967:Portrait
2952:Painting
2923:graffiti
2876:Fine art
2835:and the
2724:Archived
2633:(1996).
2506:Gruyter.
2306:Archived
2061:See also
1405:Sril Art
1353:Gurmukhi
1349:Goindwal
1330:azulejos
1303:churches
1292:tilework
1239:Portugal
1165:graffiti
1069:politics
1062:Sardinia
1058:Orgosolo
1054:graffiti
1025:In 1961
977:bogotazo
773:Politics
724:. These
530:egg yolk
510:Material
424:affresco
415:A fresco
367:Garmisch
192:cave in
92:graffiti
4253:Artists
4232:Museums
4224:(1960s)
4019:Related
3959:Toronto
3870:Atlanta
3828:Stencil
3782:Tagging
3652:Culture
3538:by name
3481:largest
3318:Related
3302:outline
3084:Curator
3072:frescos
3009:tallest
2994:carving
2945:virtual
2940:digital
2935:history
2871:Drawing
2856:Collage
2844:Artwork
2716:Calpams
1918:Gutovka
1890:Parkend
1884:, at a
1867:Gallery
1735:Raphael
1605:Tom Lea
1307:palaces
1289:ceramic
1281:Spanish
1255:azulejo
988:style.
969:BolĂvar
904:Detroit
795:at the
733:temples
682:Belfast
609:in 2008
607:Finland
526:Tempera
504:a secco
477:tempera
457:plaster
445:pigment
432:plaster
420:Italian
233:plaster
226:Pompeii
202:ArdĂšche
188:in the
152:History
142:muralis
123:Dr. Atl
4421:Tiling
4416:Murals
4216:(1954)
4208:(1954)
4192:(1940)
4184:(1934)
4160:(1932)
4152:(1930)
4125:Murals
4076:
3973:Events
3954:Tehran
3858:Places
3818:Street
3757:Poster
3752:Pieces
3560:female
3185:Europe
3120:Places
3109:Europe
3099:Patron
3089:Dealer
3079:Critic
3052:Artist
3004:statue
2999:relief
2918:fresco
2688:
2669:
2650:
2619:
2596:
2523:29 May
2050:Sydney
2023:Poland
2019:Warsaw
1980:Kaunas
1795:Titian
1395:Banksy
1351:. The
1235:Lisbon
1196:Ethnic
1187:, and
1114:forest
1066:murals
1050:canvas
906:, and
765:, and
722:murals
718:Kerala
716:state
714:Indian
700:, the
670:Mexico
506:work.
428:fresco
371:Unter-
340:canvas
303:fresco
298:styles
206:France
194:Borneo
166:Jataka
88:mosaic
84:fresco
57:Nekhen
3747:Mural
3730:Types
3449:Lists
3440:Style
3094:Model
3045:Roles
2913:Mural
2294:, in
2275:(PDF)
2268:(PDF)
1976:niche
1510:Faile
1189:Faile
1177:Above
1060:, in
939:, by
730:Hindu
706:India
686:Derry
644:mural
603:Turku
469:secco
449:water
422:word
405:Syria
344:(see
263:Lohja
146:murus
116:mural
112:mural
108:mural
76:mural
70:style
3900:Kyiv
2686:ISBN
2667:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2567:2010
2525:2006
2448:2019
2420:2015
2397:2013
2371:2013
2040:and
1253:The
1217:Tile
1044:and
935:The
894:and
882:The
851:and
815:The
738:The
698:Cuba
640:The
582:The
437:The
401:Mari
373:and
285:and
133:).
94:and
2345:doi
2044:at
1978:in
1888:in
1313:or
1279:or
1116:or
1006:.)
947:at
874:in
799:in
746:in
588:CAM
567:CAM
532:or
514:In
498:or
481:oil
473:egg
455:or
403:in
329:or
261:of
200:in
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3936:,
3887:,
3578:,
3574:,
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2304:.
2300:.
2052:,
2048:,
2021:,
2013:,
1982:,
1920:,
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1022:.
902:,
890:,
769:.
708:.
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
672:,
622:.
605:,
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281:,
245:c.
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90:,
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2527:.
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2471:.
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2351:.
2347::
2341:4
2315:.
2236:.
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475:(
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23:.
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