131:
688:
664:
25:
750:
Upon passive diffusion of organic acids into the bacteria, where the pH is near or above neutrality, the acids will dissociate and raise the bacteria internal pH, leading to situations that will not impair nor stop the growth of bacteria. On the other hand, the anionic part of the organic acids that
834:
in Petri dish. However, when they treated wood with organic acids, the acids leached out from wood and did not prevent degradation. Additionally, the organic acids' acidity may have caused chemical degradation on wood. Additionally, in a more recent study, the ecotoxicity of several natural wood
789:
From the use of organic acids in poultry and pigs, one can expect an improvement in performance similar to or better than that of antibiotic growth promoters, without the public health concern, a preventive effect on the intestinal problems like necrotic enteritis in chickens and
712:
because of their effects on bacteria. The key basic principle on the mode of action of organic acids on bacteria is that non-dissociated (non-ionized) organic acids can penetrate the bacteria cell wall and disrupt the normal physiology of certain types of bacteria that we call
817:
Barbero-LĂłpez and colleagues tested at the
University of Eastern Finland the potential use of three organic acids, acetic, formic and propionic acids, in wood preservation. They showed a high antifungal potential against the decaying fungi tested (brown rotting fungi
656:) are widely distributed in nature as normal constituents of plants or animal tissues. They are also formed through microbial fermentation of carbohydrates mainly in the large intestine. They are sometimes found in their sodium, potassium, or calcium
785:
Organic acids added to feeds should be protected to avoid their dissociation in the crop and in the intestine (high pH segments) and reach far into the gastrointestinal tract, where the bulk of the bacteria population is located.
130:
781:
Organic acids have been used successfully in pig production for more than 25 years. Although less research has been done in poultry, organic acids have also been found to be effective in poultry production.
754:
It has been well demonstrated that the state of the organic acids (undissociated or dissociated) is not important to define their capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria, compared to undissociated acids.
751:
can escape the bacteria in its dissociated form will accumulate within the bacteria and disrupt few metabolic functions, leading to osmotic pressure increase, incompatible with the survival of the bacteria.
587:
Citric and oxalic acids are used as rust removal. As acids, they can dissolve the iron oxides, but without damaging the base metal as do stronger mineral acids. In the dissociated form, they may be able to
323:
264:
557:
acids are used for oil and gas well stimulation treatments. These organic acids are much less reactive with metals than are strong mineral acids like
384:
541:
Exceptions to these solubility characteristics exist in the presence of other substituents that affect the polarity of the compound.
1031:
108:
985:
629:, and intestinal bacterial action on food components. Examples of these categories are alpha-ketoisocaproic, vanilmandelic, and
565:(HF). For this reason, organic acids are used at high temperatures or when long contact times between acid and pipe are needed.
538:
is a comparatively strong acid used in organic chemistry often because it is able to dissolve in the organic reaction solvent.
46:
648:(adrenaline) by human tissues and catabolism of dietary carbohydrate by intestinal bacteria, respectively. Organic acids (C
89:
377:
42:
61:
430:
927:"Bio-based wood preservatives: Their efficiency, leaching and ecotoxicity compared to a commercial wood preservative"
445:
group. In biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are generally referred to as organic acids.
68:
155:
1041:
Brul, S.; Coote, P. (1999). "Preservative agents in foods, mode of action and microbial resistance mechnismes".
200:
844:
370:
220:
205:
225:
75:
925:
Barbero-López, Aitor; Akkanen, Jarkko; Lappalainen, Reijo; Peräniemi, Sirpa; Haapala, Antti (January 2021).
814:
In addition to the end uses previously seen, organic acids have been tested for the following applications:
35:
150:
1079:
737:
532:
57:
353:
328:
269:
235:
195:
185:
717:, meaning that they cannot tolerate a wide internal and external pH gradient. Among those bacteria are
508:
In general, organic acids are weak acids and do not dissociate completely in water, whereas the strong
874:
938:
849:
230:
986:"Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism"
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1027:
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of the acid determines its acidity. Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the
240:
835:
preservatives was compared, and the results indicated a very low toxicity of propionic acid.
1050:
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899:
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402:
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313:
175:
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Patanen, K. H.; Mroz, Z. (1999). "Organic acids for preservation". In Block, S. S. (ed.).
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infection in young pigs. Also one can expect a reduction of the carrier state for
663:
429:, can act as acids but they are usually very weak. The relative stability of the
888:"Antifungal Activity of Organic Acies and Their Impact on Wood Decay Resistance"
758:
645:
622:
621:. Human blood and urine contain these plus organic acid degradation products of
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in food products, in particular, dairy and poultry such as ham and sausages.
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On the other hand, most organic acids are very soluble in organic solvents.
477:
358:
348:
299:
294:
245:
1062:
966:
903:
614:
667:
The general structure of a few weak organic acids. From left to right:
638:
589:
668:
442:
886:
Barbero-LĂłpez, Aitor; Hossain, Mokbul; Haapala, Antti (2020-10-28).
875:
http://www.purac.com/purac_com/67cbf5490d83dc478dafbd96cab841b1.php
691:
The general structure of a few organic acids. From left to right:
686:
680:
662:
595:
Biological systems create many more complex organic acids such as
434:
672:
438:
406:
254:
145:
18:
524:
in water, but higher molecular mass organic acids, such as
210:
699:. The acidic hydrogen in each molecule is colored red.
683:. The acidic hydrogen in each molecule is colored red.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
425:OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with
409:properties. The most common organic acids are the
512:do. Lower molecular mass organic acids such as
1024:Disinfection, sterilization & preservation
528:, are insoluble in molecular (neutral) form.
378:
8:
1026:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea Febiger.
1043:International Journal of Food Microbiology
592:the metal ions, helping to speed removal.
580:are often used in biologically compatible
385:
371:
120:
1001:
413:, whose acidity is associated with their
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
866:
312:
253:
123:
16:Organic compound with acidic properties
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
984:Dibner, J. J.; Butin, P. (2002).
660:, or even stronger double salts.
931:Science of the Total Environment
129:
23:
951:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142013
448:A few common examples include:
421:, containing the group –SO
34:needs additional citations for
1:
1055:10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00072-0
873:Applications for lactic acid.
777:In nutrition and animal feeds
561:(HCl) or mixtures of HCl and
633:-lactic acids, derived from
1096:
708:Organic acids are used in
549:Simple organic acids like
572:of organic acids such as
845:List of carboxylic acids
221:Self-ionization of water
206:Hammett acidity function
892:Wood and Fiber Science
738:Listeria monocytogenes
700:
684:
1003:10.1093/japr/11.4.453
904:10.22382/wfs-2020-039
830:White rotting fungus
828:Gloeophyllum trabeum;
690:
666:
536:-Toluenesulfonic acid
236:Frustrated Lewis pair
196:Equilibrium chemistry
186:Dissociation constant
156:Acid–base homeostasis
850:Acid-base extraction
832:Trametes versicolor)
437:group –SH, the
231:Lewis acid catalysis
43:improve this article
990:J. Appl. Poult. Res
943:2021ScTEn.75342013B
769:are widely used as
820:Coniophora puteana
701:
685:
151:Acid–base reaction
824:Rhodonia placenta
767:potassium lactate
710:food preservation
641:
632:
627:neurotransmitters
611:-glucuronic acids
610:
599:
563:hydrofluoric acid
559:hydrochloric acid
395:
394:
241:Chiral Lewis acid
119:
118:
111:
93:
1087:
1066:
1037:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1006:. Archived from
1005:
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970:
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916:
915:
883:
877:
871:
810:Ongoing research
793:Escherichia coli
720:Escherichia coli
639:
630:
608:
597:
582:buffer solutions
411:carboxylic acids
403:organic compound
387:
380:
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354:Non-nucleophilic
181:Buffer solutions
166:Acidity function
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978:Further reading
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863:
841:
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779:
706:
693:carboxylic acid
655:
651:
619:carboxyl groups
570:conjugate bases
547:
506:
504:Characteristics
441:group, and the
424:
391:
216:Proton affinity
141:Acceptor number
124:Acids and bases
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50:
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28:
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996:(4): 453–463.
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898:(4): 410–418.
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811:
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771:antimicrobials
763:sodium lactate
761:and its salts
732:C. perfringens
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431:conjugate base
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419:Sulfonic acids
415:carboxyl group
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58:"Organic acid"
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1080:Organic acids
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1052:
1049:(1–2): 1–17.
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1033:0-683-30740-1
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1010:on 2011-03-06
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803:Campylobacter
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748:
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744:Campylobacter
740:
739:
734:
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728:
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721:
716:
711:
703:
698:
697:sulfonic acid
694:
689:
682:
678:
674:
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665:
661:
659:
647:
643:
636:
628:
624:
620:
616:
613:that contain
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529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:mineral acids
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:Tartaric acid
486:
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479:
476:
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469:
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461:
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454:
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420:
417: –COOH.
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161:Acid strength
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1046:
1042:
1023:
1012:. Retrieved
1008:the original
993:
989:
934:
930:
920:
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891:
881:
869:
855:Organic base
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:
813:
801:
800:species and
797:
791:
788:
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757:
753:
749:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
715:pH-sensitive
714:
707:
594:
586:
567:
548:
545:Applications
540:
533:
530:
526:benzoic acid
518:lactic acids
507:
493:Butyric acid
447:
399:organic acid
398:
396:
279:
191:Donor number
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
759:Lactic acid
646:epinephrine
623:amino acids
473:Oxalic acid
468:Citric acid
463:Formic acid
458:Acetic acid
453:Lactic acid
171:Amphoterism
1014:2018-10-08
937:: 142013.
861:References
798:Salmonella
726:Salmonella
635:catabolism
498:Folic acid
483:Malic acid
349:Superbases
295:Superacids
201:Extraction
99:April 2009
69:newspapers
959:0048-9697
912:0735-6161
806:species.
747:species.
478:Uric acid
246:ECW model
226:Titration
1074:Category
1063:10488839
967:32890867
839:See also
642:-leucine
615:hydroxyl
522:miscible
939:Bibcode
704:In food
677:alcohol
600:-lactic
590:chelate
578:lactate
574:citrate
334:Organic
280:Organic
275:Mineral
83:scholar
1061:
1030:
965:
957:
910:
741:, and
729:spp.,
669:phenol
606:, and
604:citric
555:acetic
551:formic
514:formic
443:phenol
407:acidic
401:is an
344:Strong
290:Strong
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
681:thiol
658:salts
435:thiol
405:with
339:Oxide
329:Lewis
316:types
305:Solid
285:Oxide
270:Lewis
257:types
90:JSTOR
76:books
1059:PMID
1028:ISBN
963:PMID
955:ISSN
908:ISSN
826:and
765:and
673:enol
644:and
576:and
568:The
520:are
516:and
439:enol
359:Weak
314:Base
300:Weak
255:Acid
176:Base
146:Acid
62:news
1051:doi
998:doi
947:doi
935:753
900:doi
637:of
617:or
553:or
427:–OH
397:An
45:by
1076::
1057:.
1047:50
1045:.
994:11
992:.
988:.
961:.
953:.
945:.
933:.
929:.
906:.
896:52
894:.
890:.
822:,
735:,
723:,
695:,
679:,
675:,
671:,
652:–C
625:,
602:,
584:.
211:pH
1065:.
1053::
1036:.
1017:.
1000::
969:.
949::
941::
914:.
902::
654:7
650:1
640:L
631:D
609:D
598:L
534:p
423:2
386:e
379:t
372:v
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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