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eclipse (ranging from about magnitude 99.8% to slightly more than 100.00%). The use of a smooth mean lunar radius to mathematically determine totality versus annularity does not take into account the deeper lunar valley floors which display the beaded photosphere points. Some authors have argued that since the Sun's photosphere is not fully extinguished during the beaded totality of the shortest hybrid total eclipses (such as the solar eclipse of 3 October 1986), these eclipses should be classified as only annular eclipses. The diamond ring effects in the moments just before and after a beaded eclipse are often referred to as diamond tiaras. Beaded annularity or totality duration is very short - less than about 12 seconds. However, the annularity duration before and after beaded hybrid totality and beaded annularity can be longer.
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the burst of light from the ring fades, Baily's beads appear as the last bits of the bright photosphere shine through valleys aligned at the edge of the Moon. As the Baily's beads disappear behind the advancing lunar edge (the beads also reappear at the end of totality), a thin reddish edge called the
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Beaded solar eclipses occur during an eclipse when the Sun and Moon have nearly identical apparent sizes. During a beaded eclipse, the rim of the Moon displays Baily's beads at many points all around the Moon and the brightness of the Sun remains from around 2000x to 10x greater than a complete total
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About two
Minutes before the Total Immersion, the remaining part of the Sun was reduced to a very fine Horn, whose Extremeties seemed to lose their Acuteness, and to become round like Stars ... which Appearance could proceed from no other Cause but the Inequalities of the Moon's Surface, there being
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Before the diamond ring effect during a total solar eclipse, a sequence of small bits of sunlight known as Baily's Beads can be observed. These beads quickly disappear one by one until only one is left. By using precise elevation models of the Moon's irregular surface, it is now possible to predict
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Observers in the path of totality of a solar eclipse see first a gradual covering of the Sun by the lunar silhouette for just a small duration of time from around one minute to four minutes, followed by the diamond ring effect (visible without filters) as the last bit of photosphere disappears. As
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110:. Astronomers thus have a fairly good idea which mountains and valleys will cause the beads to appear in advance of the eclipse. While Baily's beads are seen briefly for a few seconds at the center of the eclipse path, their duration is maximized near the edges of the path of the
202:...when the cusps of the sun were about 40 degrees asunder, a row of lucid points, like a string of beads, irregular in size, and distance from each other, suddenly formed around that part of the circumference of the moon that was about to enter on the sun's disc.
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where Bailyβs Beads will converge to create the double diamond ring effect instead of just one bead. A map of the path taken by this effect was created and used to determine the cities along the path of totality during the April 8th, 2024, total solar eclipse.
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The term "Baily's beads" then came into use after Baily described the phenomenon to the Royal
Astronomical Society in December 1836. Having observed the solar eclipse of 15 May 1836 from
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and other topographical features. The irregularities of the lunar limb profile (the "edge" of the Moon, as seen from a distance) are known accurately from observations of grazing
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some elevated parts thereof near the Moon's
Southern Pole, by whose Interposition part of that exceedingly fine Filament of Light was intercepted.
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175:. Halley described and correctly ascertained the cause of the effect in his "Observations of the late Total Eclipse of the Sun " in the
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completed a painting that is probably the earliest known work that realistically depicts a total solar eclipse and diamond ring.
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56:. Although caused by the same phenomenon, they are distinct events during these types of solar eclipses. As the
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Pasachoff, J. M. & Covington, M. The
Cambridge Eclipse Photography Guide (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993)
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emanating tangentially from the diamond are an artifact of the camera optics, not a natural phenomenon.)
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The diamond ring effect as totality ends during the total solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, in central
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Although Baily is often said to have discovered the cause of the feature which bears his name, Sir
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The Baily's beads phenomenon is seen during the credit opening sequence of the NBC TV show
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Pasachoff, Jay M. (1999). "Halley and his maps of the Total
Eclipses of 1715 and 1724".
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meaning "color") appears. Though the reddish hydrogen radiation is most visible to the
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704:"I. On a remarkable phenomenon that occurs in total and annular eclipses of the sun"
513:"I. On a remarkable phenomenon that occurs in total and annular eclipses of the sun"
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118:
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until 1752, so at the time of the eclipse, the date was recorded as 22 April 1715.
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Pasachoff, Jay M. (2009). "Solar eclipses as an astrophysical laboratory".
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314:(1995β2001), albeit from a fictitious extrasolar body, as seen from space.
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It is not safe to view Baily's beads or the diamond ring effect without
72:
to shine through in some places while not in others. They are named for
395:
273: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
87:
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The
Diamond Ring effect is seen during the credit opening sequence of
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made the first recorded observations of Baily's beads during the
758:
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57:
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589:"Solar Eclipse Observing β The Diamond Ring and Baily's Beads"
242:
61:
30:
Baily's beads photographed 4 seconds before totality of the
414:
Post-totality diamond ring effect visible during the total
736:
https://www.greatamericaneclipse.com/double-diamond-ring
141:, the chromosphere also emits thousands of additional
64:
during a solar eclipse, the rugged topography of the
544:
Littmann, Mark; Willcox, Ken; Espenak, Fred (1999).
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708:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
517:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
200:
183:
178:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
747:Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (2008-01-28).
816:
475:
473:
343:Diamond ring effect visible during the total
8:
669:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
52:effects, are features of total and annular
16:Feature of total and annular solar eclipses
882:
823:
809:
801:
790:"Total Solar Eclipse of 1998 February 26"
777:"What to See During an Eclipse Continued"
749:"A Solar Eclipse Painting from the 1700s"
719:
528:
289:Learn how and when to remove this message
482:"Searching for the Double Diamond Ring"
469:
445:
333:
662:
660:
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492:from the original on 30 December 2023
7:
271:adding citations to reliable sources
374:The diamond ring effect during the
14:
4000:Eclipses in mythology and culture
734:Finding the Double Diamond Ring|
689:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.1999.01.04
4062:
4061:
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4038:
4005:List of films featuring eclipses
3115:
2335:
1335:
452:Great Britain did not adopt the
407:
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345:solar eclipse of August 21, 2017
336:
247:
32:solar eclipse of August 21, 2017
23:
788:Joseph B. Gurman (2005-04-14).
376:solar eclipse of March 29, 2006
301:In 1735, painter and architect
258:needs additional citations for
546:Totality β Eclipses of the Sun
416:solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
398:. The rainbow coloration is a
221:Solar eclipse of April 8, 2024
1:
422:, viewed from Lower Field at
402:and not a natural phenomenon.
161:"Double Diamond Ring" Eclipse
114:, lasting around 90 seconds.
846:Baily's beads (diamond ring)
754:Astronomy Picture of the Day
575:"The Experience of Totality"
794:Goddard Space Flight Center
173:solar eclipse of 3 May 1715
90:because of the presence of
4104:
480:Staff (27 December 2023).
207:Double Diamond Ring Effect
121:because in both cases the
4033:
4025:Solar eclipses in fiction
225:Arkansas State University
4057:Solar System portal
550:Oxford University Press
219:Image taken during the
235:
204:
188:
164:
1341:Total/hybrid eclipses
218:
160:
153:Observational history
119:proper eye protection
4045:Astronomy portal
4015:Magnitude of eclipse
721:10.1093/mnras/4.2.15
530:10.1093/mnras/4.2.15
267:improve this article
198:, he reported that:
3983:Eclipse photography
681:1999JAHH....2...39P
633:10.1038/nature07987
625:2009Natur.459..789P
223:from the campus of
50:double diamond ring
1321:Muhammad's eclipse
552:. pp. 65β66.
486:PhotoEphemeris.com
454:Gregorian calendar
353:diffraction spikes
311:Star Trek: Voyager
303:Cosmas Damian Asam
236:
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125:is still visible.
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4074:
4020:Planetary transit
1346:next total/hybrid
1330:
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1315:Eclipse of Thales
1303:Mursili's eclipse
878:Lists of eclipses
619:(7248): 789β795.
559:978-0-19-513179-6
424:McGill University
369:
349:Ravenna, Nebraska
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86:has considerable
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3121:Partial eclipses
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2341:Annular eclipses
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1309:Assyrian eclipse
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856:Solar prominence
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196:Scottish Borders
84:Lunar topography
68:allows beads of
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3973:Eclipse chasing
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866:helmet streamer
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48:or more rarely
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783:. 2009-06-22.
782:
781:Exploratorium
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323:(2006β2010).
322:
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262:
261:
256:This section
254:
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170:
169:Edmond Halley
163:(2 July 2019)
159:
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81:
79:
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74:Francis Baily
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:Baily's beads
33:
26:
3978:Solar viewer
3915:Other bodies
3523:31 Jul. 2000
3126:next partial
2346:next annular
953:Saros series
851:Shadow bands
845:
752:
742:
730:
714:(2): 15β19.
711:
707:
697:
672:
668:
616:
612:
606:
597:
583:
573:O. Staiger.
568:
545:
539:
523:(2): 15β19.
520:
516:
506:
494:. Retrieved
485:
448:
318:
316:
309:
307:
300:
285:
276:
265:Please help
260:verification
257:
210:
201:
189:
184:
176:
166:
147:
134:
131:chromosphere
127:
116:
104:occultations
82:
49:
46:diamond ring
45:
41:
39:
3518:1 Jul. 2000
1267:Philippines
902:Modern era
898:Middle Ages
496:30 December
139:unaided eye
133:(the Greek
123:photosphere
60:covers the
1296:Historical
1240:Visibility
435:References
400:lens flare
78:silhouette
66:lunar limb
3906:Oct. 2098
3901:Sep. 2098
3896:Apr. 2098
3891:Dec. 2094
3886:Jul. 2094
3881:Jun. 2094
3866:Oct. 2087
3861:Jun. 2087
3841:Aug. 2083
3836:Jul. 2083
3831:Feb. 2083
3826:Nov. 2076
3821:Jul. 2076
3816:Jun. 2076
3801:Oct. 2069
3791:Apr. 2069
3781:Dec. 2065
3776:Aug. 2065
3771:Jul. 2065
3766:Feb. 2065
3761:Sep. 2062
3756:Mar. 2062
3751:Nov. 2058
3746:Jun. 2058
3731:Sep. 2054
3726:Aug. 2054
3721:Mar. 2054
3716:Oct. 2051
3711:Apr. 2051
3701:Dec. 2047
3696:Jul. 2047
3691:Jun. 2047
3686:Jan. 2047
3681:Nov. 2040
3666:Aug. 2036
3661:Jul. 2036
3656:Feb. 2036
3641:Dec. 2029
3636:Jul. 2029
3631:Jun. 2029
3626:Jan. 2029
3621:Sep. 2025
3616:Mar. 2025
3608:Oct. 2022
3603:Apr. 2022
3598:Jan. 2019
3593:Aug. 2018
3588:Jul. 2018
3583:Feb. 2018
3578:Sep. 2015
3573:Oct. 2014
3568:Nov. 2011
3563:Jul. 2011
3558:Jun. 2011
3553:Jan. 2011
3548:Sep. 2007
3543:Mar. 2007
3538:Oct. 2004
3533:Apr. 2004
3528:Dec. 2000
3513:Feb. 2000
3508:Sep. 1997
3503:Oct. 1996
3498:Apr. 1996
3493:Nov. 1993
3483:Dec. 1992
3478:Aug. 1989
3473:Mar. 1989
3468:Apr. 1986
3458:Dec. 1982
3453:Jul. 1982
3448:Jun. 1982
3443:Jan. 1982
3438:Oct. 1978
3433:Apr. 1978
3428:Nov. 1975
3418:Dec. 1974
3413:Aug. 1971
3408:Jul. 1971
3403:Feb. 1971
3398:Mar. 1968
3388:Dec. 1964
3383:Jul. 1964
3378:Jun. 1964
3373:Jan. 1964
3368:Sep. 1960
3363:Mar. 1960
3358:Dec. 1956
3353:Aug. 1953
3348:Jul. 1953
3343:Feb. 1953
3338:Oct. 1949
3333:Apr. 1949
3328:Nov. 1946
3323:Jun. 1946
3313:Jan. 1946
3308:Sep. 1942
3303:Aug. 1942
3298:Mar. 1942
3293:Nov. 1938
3288:Jul. 1935
3283:Jun. 1935
3278:Feb. 1935
3273:Jan. 1935
3268:Oct. 1931
3263:Sep. 1931
3258:Apr. 1931
3253:Nov. 1928
3248:Jun. 1928
3243:Dec. 1927
3238:Aug. 1924
3233:Jul. 1924
3228:Mar. 1924
3223:Nov. 1920
3213:Jul. 1917
3208:Jun. 1917
3203:Jan. 1917
3198:Dec. 1916
3193:Sep. 1913
3188:Aug. 1913
3183:Apr. 1913
3178:Nov. 1910
3173:Dec. 1909
3168:Aug. 1906
3163:Jul. 1906
3158:Feb. 1906
3153:Oct. 1902
3143:Apr. 1902
3138:Nov. 1873
3133:Jan. 1639
3076:Aug. 2092
3071:Feb. 2092
3056:Dec. 2085
3051:Jun. 2085
3011:Jul. 2074
3006:Jan. 2074
2951:Jul. 2056
2946:Jan. 2056
2886:Jul. 2038
2881:Jan. 2038
2658:Dec. 1973
2653:Jan. 1973
2638:Sep. 1969
2633:Mar. 1969
2583:Dec. 1954
2578:Jan. 1954
2568:Sep. 1951
2563:Mar. 1951
2538:Jul. 1944
2493:Aug. 1933
2488:Feb. 1933
2423:Aug. 1915
2418:Feb. 1915
2161:Dec. 2057
2156:Jan. 2057
1738:Jan. 1944
1688:Oct. 1930
1683:Apr. 1930
1618:Oct. 1912
1613:Apr. 1912
1593:Dec. 1908
1588:Jan. 1908
1538:Dec. 1889
1533:Jan. 1889
1305:(1312 BC)
1247:Australia
893:Antiquity
675:(1): 39.
649:205216683
464:Citations
229:Jonesboro
92:mountains
4088:Eclipses
4082:Category
4067:Category
3856:May 2087
3796:May 2069
3741:May 2058
3676:May 2040
3488:May 1993
3463:May 1985
3423:May 1975
3393:May 1967
3318:May 1946
3218:May 1920
3148:May 1902
1323:(632 AD)
1317:(585 BC)
1311:(763 BC)
839:Features
641:19516332
490:Archived
382:, Russia
380:Kamyzyak
279:May 2024
239:In media
233:Arkansas
192:Jedburgh
70:sunlight
3961:Related
3937:Neptune
3932:Jupiter
1282:Ukraine
677:Bibcode
621:Bibcode
396:Wyoming
351:. (The
327:Gallery
194:in the
100:valleys
96:craters
3952:Uranus
3947:Saturn
1277:Turkey
1272:Russia
1262:Israel
943:Future
886:By era
647:
639:
613:Nature
556:
320:Heroes
135:chrΕma
88:relief
3942:Pluto
1257:China
645:S2CID
440:Notes
418:, in
347:, in
112:umbra
108:stars
3927:Moon
3922:Mars
3876:2091
3871:2090
3851:2086
3846:2084
3811:2073
3806:2072
3786:2068
3736:2055
3706:2050
3671:2037
3651:2033
3646:2032
3106:2100
3101:2099
3096:2097
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3016:2075
3001:2071
2996:2070
2991:2067
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2876:2036
2871:2035
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2861:2032
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2841:2027
2836:2026
2831:2024
2823:2023
2818:2021
2813:2020
2808:2019
2803:2017
2798:2016
2793:2014
2788:2013
2783:2012
2778:2010
2773:2009
2768:2008
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2728:1995
2723:1994
2718:1992
2713:1991
2708:1990
2703:1988
2698:1987
2693:1984
2688:1983
2683:1981
2678:1980
2673:1979
2668:1977
2663:1976
2648:1972
2643:1970
2628:1966
2623:1965
2618:1963
2613:1962
2608:1961
2603:1959
2598:1958
2593:1957
2588:1955
2573:1952
2558:1950
2553:1948
2548:1947
2543:1945
2533:1943
2528:1941
2523:1940
2518:1939
2513:1937
2508:1936
2503:1935
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2483:1932
2478:1929
2473:1927
2468:1926
2463:1925
2458:1923
2453:1922
2448:1921
2443:1919
2438:1918
2433:1917
2428:1916
2413:1914
2408:1911
2403:1908
2398:1907
2393:1905
2388:1904
2383:1903
2378:1901
2373:1900
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2363:1879
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2326:2186
2321:2100
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2201:2068
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2028:2023
2023:2021
2018:2020
2013:2019
2008:2017
2003:2016
1998:2015
1993:2013
1988:2012
1983:2010
1978:2009
1973:2008
1968:2006
1963:2005
1958:2003
1953:2002
1948:2001
1943:1999
1938:1998
1933:1997
1928:1995
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1918:1992
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1698:1934
1693:1932
1678:1929
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1653:1923
1648:1922
1643:1921
1638:1919
1633:1918
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1608:1911
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1353:1133
957:list
936:22nd
931:21st
926:20th
921:19th
916:18th
911:17th
906:16th
759:NASA
637:PMID
554:ISBN
498:2023
58:Moon
40:The
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525:doi
269:by
106:of
62:Sun
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671:.
657:^
643:.
635:.
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472:^
231:,
227:,
181::
145:.
98:,
94:,
80:.
44:,
3613:β
3124:β
2828:β
2344:β
2038:β
1344:β
959:)
955:(
824:e
817:t
810:v
796:.
761:.
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718::
712:4
691:.
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277:(
263:.
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