188:
20:
986:
393:. There is significant amount of research studying the ideal quantity of calcium carbonate (derived from limestone) in concrete and if other compounds can be used to provide the same economic and structural integrity benefits.
372:
Carbonate rocks are significant for both human understanding of Earth's atmospheric and geologic history, in addition to providing humans with significant resources for current civilizational endeavors such as
313:
Calcium-rich dolomite, or calcian dolomite, is dolomite which has more calcium than magnesium in its mineral form. This is the most common form of dolomite found naturally and artificially from
237:
in water as the temperature increases. When conditions are right for precipitation, calcite forms mineral coatings that cement the existing rock grains together or it can fill fractures.
417:
refers to the process whereby sediments are being converted to sedimentary rock. This includes biological activity, erosion, and other chemical reactions. Due to the strong
1010:
Watanabe, Tsuyoshi; Juillet-Leclerc, Anne; Cuif, Jean-Pierre; Rollion-Bard, Claire; Dauphin, Yannicke; Reynaud, Stéphanie (2007-01-01), Kawahata, H.; Awaya, Y. (eds.),
1018:, Global Climate Change and Response of Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Landmasses, vol. 73, Elsevier, pp. 239–495,
265:. Often this inhibited precipitation occurs in biology where organisms aim to precipitate calcium carbonate for their structural features such as for skeleton and
632:
889:
Petrash, Daniel A.; Bialik, Or M.; Bontognali, Tomaso R. R.; Vasconcelos, Crisógono; Roberts, Jennifer A.; McKenzie, Judith A.; Konhauser, Kurt O. (2017-08-01).
321:. The resultant structure of this mineral presents minimal differences from regular dolomite likely as a result of formation after initial crystal growth.
305:. Due to this composition, the dolomite mineral present in dolostone can be classified by varying degree of calcium inclusion, and occasionally iron, too.
711:
Sanz, E.; Ayora, C.; Carrera, J.; Tephly, T. R. (6 May 2011). "Calcite dissolution by mixing waters: geochemical modeling and flow-through experiments".
349:. The exact delineation between which minerals are considered ferroan dolomite and which are ankerite is unclear. Ankerite with the "pure" CaFe(CO
385:
Limestone is often used in concrete as powder due to its cheap cost. During the formation of concrete, however, breakdown of limestone releases
1072:"Paleoclimate and paleoceanography over the past 20,000 yr in the Mediterranean Sea Basins as indicated by sediment elemental proxies"
1041:
616:
413:
are marine organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons (rocks) which grow specific to oceanic conditions at the time of growth.
456:
for climate conditions, compositional changes in marine sediments can be used for the same purpose (and more). The changes in
818:
Dolomieu, D.G.D. (1791). "Sur un de pierres très-peu effervescentes avec les acides of phosphorescentes par la collision".
1070:
Martinez-Ruiz, F.; Kastner, M.; Gallego-Torres, D.; Rodrigo-Gámiz, M.; Nieto-Moreno, V.; Ortega-Huertas, M. (2015-01-01).
646:
Sulpis, Olivier; Agrawal, Priyanka; Wolthers, Mariette; Munhoven, Guy; Walker, Matthew; Middelburg, Jack J. (2022-03-01).
329:
Iron-rich dolomite, or ferroan dolomite, is doloimite which contains significant trace levels of iron. Due to the similar
98:. Importantly, carbonate rocks can exist as metamorphic and igneous rocks, too. When recrystallized carbonate rocks are
1128:
286:
129:
738:
1123:
1012:"Chapter 10 Recent Advances in Coral Biomineralization with Implications for Paleo-Climatology: A Brief Overview"
214:
179:. The most common form found in the seafloor is calcite, while aragonite is more found in biological organisms.
422:
206:
848:
Gregg, Jay M.; Bish, David L.; Kaczmarek, Stephen E.; Machel, Hans G. (October 2015). Hollis, Cathy (ed.).
230:
168:
405:
exist whereby carbonate rocks can be used to determine past climate. Corals and sediments are well-known
559:
473:
95:
850:"Mineralogy, nucleation and growth of dolomite in the laboratory and sedimentary environment: A review"
1071:
1011:
940:
890:
764:
504:
1083:
902:
776:
659:
571:
516:
137:
478:
172:
1047:
968:
871:
800:
626:
589:
540:
314:
250:
171:: calcite and aragonite. While the chemical composition of these two minerals is the same, their
83:
152:. Carbonate rocks can also be used for understanding various other systems as described below.
1099:
1037:
960:
918:
792:
693:
675:
612:
532:
390:
176:
164:
59:
1091:
1027:
1019:
952:
910:
861:
784:
720:
683:
667:
579:
524:
402:
357:
282:
149:
99:
55:
32:
453:
426:
406:
278:
79:
1087:
906:
849:
780:
663:
584:
575:
520:
688:
647:
386:
111:
1023:
956:
1117:
972:
939:
Wang, Dehui; Shi, Caijun; Farzadnia, Nima; Shi, Zhenguo; Jia, Huangfei (2018-12-20).
875:
804:
593:
544:
318:
262:
44:
1095:
1051:
914:
788:
765:"Microstructures and physical properties in carbonate rocks: A comprehensive review"
528:
505:"Microstructures and physical properties in carbonate rocks: A comprehensive review"
560:"The Role of Diagenesis in Shaping the Geochemistry of the Marine Carbonate Record"
330:
107:
460:
ratios from carbonate minerals found here can be used to determine patterns from
441:, to reconstruct climate variability when the coral was growing. This is because
301:
ions, the mineral crystalline structure can be visualized similar to calcite and
461:
457:
418:
218:
210:
145:
141:
114:
671:
414:
257:, and can thus be converted to calcite under certain conditions. In solution,
254:
133:
1103:
964:
922:
796:
679:
536:
452:
Similar to the concept for using compositional changes in coral skeletons as
437:
in the aragonite of coral skeleton can be used, alongside other proxies like
442:
430:
342:
338:
302:
298:
294:
258:
246:
160:
71:
63:
28:
697:
187:
19:
724:
483:
374:
346:
334:
266:
118:
36:
941:"A review on effects of limestone powder on the properties of concrete"
891:"Microbially catalyzed dolomite formation: From near-surface to burial"
446:
438:
434:
290:
234:
202:
191:
67:
1032:
866:
739:"Mystery solved: Why seashells' mineral forms differently in seawater"
361:
341:, iron(II) can easily substitute magnesium to form ferroan dolomite;
195:
103:
449:
in the calcium carbonate molecule depending on temperature effects.
163:
is the most common carbonate rock and is a sedimentary rock made of
429:
for understanding past climate effects. Specifically, the ratio of
410:
229:
concentrations. Calcite exhibits an unusual characteristic called
186:
18:
763:
Regnet, J. B.; David, C.; Robion, P.; Menéndez, B. (2019-05-01).
503:
Regnet, J. B.; David, C.; Robion, P.; Menéndez, B. (2019-05-01).
261:
can act as promoters of aragonite growth as they inhibit calcite
217:
by groundwater, depending on several factors including the water
122:
40:
24:
226:
128:
Carbonate rocks are also crucial components to understanding
611:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J. pp. 177, 181.
345:
can also substitute this atom. The result can be defined as
317:. This dolomite, when formed in the oceans, can prove to be
281:, was first published in 1791 and has been found across the
222:
148:
can be exploited to reconstruct past climate as is done in
136:
in which carbonates undergo compositional changes based on
648:"Aragonite dissolution protects calcite at the seafloor"
82:(also known as dolostone), which is composed of mineral
987:"Diagenesis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
743:MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
564:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
8:
609:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
175:differ significantly due to their different
631:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
96:classified based on texture and grain size
1031:
865:
687:
583:
397:Paleoclimatology from carbonate minerals
495:
624:
144:between this compositional change and
934:
932:
389:and contributes significantly to the
7:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
945:Construction and Building Materials
585:10.1146/annurev-earth-073019-060021
277:The discovery of dolomite rock, or
14:
957:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.119
425:, coral skeletons can be used as
74:(different crystal forms of CaCO
47:. Largest is 1.0 mm in diameter.
1096:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.018
915:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.015
789:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.02.022
529:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.02.022
445:will sometimes substitute for
289:. Because the rock is made of
117:and, even rarer, there exists
110:carbonate rocks even exist as
1:
1024:10.1016/S0422-9894(06)73010-0
1016:Elsevier Oceanography Series
769:Marine and Petroleum Geology
509:Marine and Petroleum Geology
409:for these reconstructions.
325:Ferroan dolomite / ankerite
1145:
1076:Quaternary Science Reviews
672:10.1038/s41467-022-28711-z
62:. The two major types are
233:in which it becomes less
132:due to processes such as
16:Class of sedimentary rock
558:Fantle, Matthew (2020).
421:between diagenesis and
360:has yet to be found in
285:from various different
66:, which is composed of
439:oxygen isotopic ratios
381:Limestone and concrete
199:
58:composed primarily of
48:
991:www.sciencedirect.com
895:Earth-Science Reviews
725:10.1344/105.000001652
652:Nature Communications
474:Dunham classification
245:Compared to calcite,
231:retrograde solubility
190:
22:
423:seawater temperature
194:crystals from Irai,
94:). They are usually
27:on the surface of a
1088:2015QSRv..107...25M
907:2017ESRv..171..558P
820:Journal de Physique
781:2019MarPG.103..366R
664:2022NatCo..13.1104S
607:Boggs, Sam (2006).
576:2020AREPS..48..549F
521:2019MarPG.103..366R
479:Folk classification
173:physical properties
1129:Carbonate minerals
200:
60:carbonate minerals
49:
1124:Sedimentary rocks
867:10.1111/sed.12202
391:greenhouse effect
165:calcium carbonate
106:is created. Rare
56:sedimentary rocks
1136:
1108:
1107:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1035:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
983:
977:
976:
936:
927:
926:
886:
880:
879:
869:
860:(6): 1749–1769.
845:
828:
827:
815:
809:
808:
760:
754:
753:
751:
750:
735:
729:
728:
708:
702:
701:
691:
643:
637:
636:
630:
622:
604:
598:
597:
587:
555:
549:
548:
500:
403:paleoclimatology
358:chemical formula
309:Calcian dolomite
225:, and dissolved
177:crystalline form
150:paleoclimatology
130:geologic history
33:Carmel Formation
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1009:
1008:
1004:
995:
993:
985:
984:
980:
938:
937:
930:
888:
887:
883:
847:
846:
831:
817:
816:
812:
762:
761:
757:
748:
746:
737:
736:
732:
710:
709:
705:
645:
644:
640:
623:
619:
606:
605:
601:
557:
556:
552:
502:
501:
497:
492:
470:
399:
383:
370:
356:
352:
327:
311:
275:
243:
185:
158:
138:kinetic effects
93:
89:
77:
54:are a class of
52:Carbonate rocks
17:
12:
11:
5:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1062:
1042:
1002:
978:
928:
881:
829:
810:
755:
745:. 2 March 2015
730:
713:Geologica Acta
703:
638:
617:
599:
550:
494:
493:
491:
488:
487:
486:
481:
476:
469:
466:
401:Many forms of
398:
395:
387:carbon dioxide
382:
379:
369:
366:
354:
350:
326:
323:
310:
307:
274:
271:
259:magnesium ions
242:
239:
205:can be either
184:
181:
167:with two main
157:
154:
91:
87:
75:
39:) of southern
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1141:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:9780444529480
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1003:
992:
988:
982:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
935:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
882:
877:
873:
868:
863:
859:
855:
854:Sedimentology
851:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
814:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
756:
744:
740:
734:
731:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
704:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
639:
634:
628:
620:
618:0-13-154728-3
614:
610:
603:
600:
595:
591:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
499:
496:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
396:
394:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
367:
365:
363:
359:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
322:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Earth's crust
280:
272:
270:
268:
264:
263:precipitation
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
197:
193:
189:
182:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:metamorphosed
97:
85:
81:
80:dolomite rock
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1055:, retrieved
1015:
1005:
994:. Retrieved
990:
981:
948:
944:
898:
894:
884:
857:
853:
823:
819:
813:
772:
768:
758:
747:. Retrieved
742:
733:
719:(1): 67–77.
716:
712:
706:
655:
651:
641:
608:
602:
567:
563:
553:
512:
508:
498:
464:rocks, too.
451:
400:
384:
371:
368:Significance
328:
312:
287:time periods
276:
244:
215:precipitated
201:
159:
127:
115:carbonatites
51:
50:
951:: 153–166.
901:: 558–582.
775:: 366–376.
658:(1): 1104.
570:: 549–583.
515:: 366–376.
458:trace metal
419:correlation
331:ionic radii
219:temperature
211:groundwater
146:temperature
142:correlation
1118:Categories
1057:2023-03-17
1033:2115/56427
996:2023-03-17
749:2023-03-17
490:References
415:Diagenesis
319:metastable
169:polymorphs
134:diagenesis
121:carbonate
23:Carbonate
1104:0277-3791
1082:: 25–46.
973:139571589
965:0950-0618
923:0012-8252
876:130135125
805:135198700
797:0264-8172
680:2041-1723
627:cite book
594:219738220
545:135198700
537:0264-8172
443:Strontium
431:Strontium
343:manganese
339:magnesium
315:synthesis
303:magnesite
299:carbonate
295:magnesium
279:dolostone
273:Dolostone
253:and more
247:aragonite
241:Aragonite
207:dissolved
161:Limestone
156:Limestone
112:intrusive
72:aragonite
64:limestone
29:limestone
1052:54844318
698:35232971
484:Sinkhole
468:See also
375:concrete
347:ankerite
335:iron(II)
249:is less
119:volcanic
86:(CaMg(CO
84:dolomite
37:Jurassic
35:(Middle
1084:Bibcode
903:Bibcode
826:: 3–10.
777:Bibcode
689:8888755
660:Bibcode
572:Bibcode
517:Bibcode
454:proxies
447:Calcium
435:Calcium
427:proxies
407:proxies
291:calcium
255:soluble
235:soluble
203:Calcite
192:Calcite
183:Calcite
108:igneous
78:), and
68:calcite
1102:
1050:
1040:
971:
963:
921:
874:
803:
795:
696:
686:
678:
615:
592:
543:
535:
462:parent
411:Corals
362:nature
297:, and
267:shells
251:stable
196:Brazil
140:. The
104:marble
1048:S2CID
969:S2CID
872:S2CID
801:S2CID
590:S2CID
541:S2CID
25:ooids
1100:ISSN
1038:ISBN
961:ISSN
919:ISSN
793:ISSN
694:PMID
676:ISSN
633:link
613:ISBN
533:ISSN
337:and
123:lava
41:Utah
1092:doi
1080:107
1028:hdl
1020:doi
953:doi
949:192
911:doi
899:171
862:doi
785:doi
773:103
721:doi
684:PMC
668:doi
580:doi
525:doi
513:103
433:to
377:.
333:of
227:ion
213:or
209:by
125:.
70:or
45:USA
1120::
1098:.
1090:.
1078:.
1074:.
1046:,
1036:,
1026:,
1014:,
989:.
967:.
959:.
947:.
943:.
931:^
917:.
909:.
897:.
893:.
870:.
858:62
856:.
852:.
832:^
824:39
822:.
799:.
791:.
783:.
771:.
767:.
741:.
715:.
692:.
682:.
674:.
666:.
656:13
654:.
650:.
629:}}
625:{{
588:.
578:.
568:48
566:.
562:.
539:.
531:.
523:.
511:.
507:.
364:.
293:,
269:.
223:pH
221:,
102:,
43:,
31:;
1106:.
1094::
1086::
1030::
1022::
999:.
975:.
955::
925:.
913::
905::
878:.
864::
807:.
787::
779::
752:.
727:.
723::
717:9
700:.
670::
662::
635:)
621:.
596:.
582::
574::
547:.
527::
519::
355:2
353:)
351:3
198:.
92:2
90:)
88:3
76:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
