Modest Mussorgsky - Knowledge

1532:'s employee, the Latvian Krisjanis Valdemar, in the article "Who rules Russia: the Russians themselves or the Germans?" collected the statistics: "Among ministers – 15% are Germans, among members of the State Council – 25%, among senators – 40%, generals – 50%, governors – 60%. And since the governors run Russia, this will be the answer to the question posed. Since all the Empresses are German, it is natural that under their protection the Germans infiltrate into the higher administration. Katkov, having read the article with amazement, did not believe in the numbers. And he told the secretary to check it. The results of the check were even more striking: there were not 40 but 63% of German senators! But Katkov published Valdemar's article, replacing only the words about Empresses with 'high officials'". 7204: 856: 762:), with his priority being to render into music the natural accents and patterns of the play's naturalistic and deliberately humdrum dialogue. This work marked an extreme position in Mussorgsky's pursuit of naturalistic word-setting: he abandoned it unorchestrated after reaching the end of his 'Act 1', and though its characteristically 'Mussorgskyian' declamation is to be heard in all his later vocal music, the naturalistic mode of vocal writing more and more became merely one expressive element among many. 656:"Real life" affected Mussorgsky painfully in 1865, when his mother died; at this point, the composer had his first serious bout of alcoholism, which forced him to leave the commune to stay with his brother. The 26-year-old was, however, on the point of writing his first realistic songs (including "Hopak" and "Darling Savishna", both of them composed in 1866 and among his first "real" publications the following year). The year 1867 was also the one in which he finished the original orchestral version of his 671: 173: 1084: 879: 615: 608:, known for the bold assertion that, in art, "form and content are opposites". Under such influences he came more and more to embrace the idea of artistic realism and all that it entailed, whether this concerned the responsibility to depict life "as it is truly lived"; the preoccupation with the lower strata of society; or the rejection of repeating, symmetrical musical forms as insufficiently true to the unrepeating, unpredictable course of "real life". 1515:). Irina was an unordinary woman, the best dancer-singer in the estate. Her strong character had promoted her to a 'manager of all keys' position and status of the estate owner's legitimate wife. Unfortunately, Peter's original illegitimate status (his date of birth is lost, legitimized 9 May 1820, died in 1854) was considered a disgrace which had prevented him from making a successful military career according to the Mussorgsky family tradition. 52: 346: 165: 6665: 4217: 3115: 732: 4227: 604:– on which he worked between 1863 and 1866 before losing interest in the project. During this period, he returned to Saint Petersburg and supported himself as a low-grade civil servant while living in a six-man "commune". In a heady artistic and intellectual atmosphere, he read and discussed a wide range of modern artistic and scientific ideas – including those of the provocative writer 562: 467: 3125: 989: 7192: 1284:, initially registered strongly negative impressions of the composer. Stasov wrote to Balakirev, in an 1863 letter, "I have no use for Mussorgsky. His views may tally with mine, but I have never heard him express an intelligent idea. All in him is flabby, dull. He is, it seems to me, a thorough idiot", and Balakirev agreed: "Yes, Mussorgsky is little short of an idiot." 417:

institute and its director, a General Sutgof. All agreed the Cadet School could be a brutal place, especially for new recruits. More tellingly for Mussorgsky, it was likely where he began his eventual path to alcoholism. According to a former student, singer and composer Nikolai Kompaneisky, Sutgof "was proud when a cadet returned from leave drunk with champagne."

7168: 7156: 1009:. His civil service career was made more precarious by his frequent 'illnesses' and absences, and he was fortunate to obtain a transfer to a post (in the Office of Government Control) where his music-loving superior treated him with great leniency – even allowing him to spend three months touring twelve cities as a singer's accompanist in 1879. 2823: 1361:, a musicologist, and an authority on Mussorgsky: "As a musical translator of words and all that can be expressed in words, of psychological states, and even physical movement, he is unsurpassed; as an absolute musician he was hopelessly limited, with remarkably little ability to construct pure music or even a purely musical texture." 7216: 2509: 7180: 781:' role. Mussorgsky set to work producing a revised and enlarged 'second version'. During the next year, which he spent sharing rooms with Rimsky-Korsakov, he made changes that went beyond those requested by the theatre. In this version the opera was accepted, probably in May 1872, and three excerpts were staged at the 1101: 1338:

Mussorgsky you very rightly call a hopeless case. In talent he is perhaps superior to all the , but his nature is narrow-minded, devoid of any urge towards self-perfection, blindly believing in the ridiculous theories of his circle and in his own genius. In addition, he has a certain base side to his

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The addition of the "g" and the accompanying shift in stress to the second syllable (i.e., Mu-SÓRK-skiy), sometimes described as a Polish variant, was supported by Filaret Mussorgsky's descendants until his line ended in the 20th century. Their example was followed by many influential Russians, such

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His little uniform was spic and span, close-fitting, his feet turned outwards, his hair smoothed down and greased, his nails perfectly cut, his hands well groomed like a lord's. His manners were elegant, aristocratic: his speech likewise, delivered through somewhat clenched teeth, interspersed with

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In the years that followed, Mussorgsky's decline became increasingly steep. Although now part of a new circle of eminent personages that included singers, medical men and actors, he was increasingly unable to resist drinking, and a succession of deaths among his closest associates caused him great

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was considered to be almost obligatory for a writer of that period. It was a showing off, a 'pose,' for the best people of the sixties." Another writes, "Talented people in Russia who love the simple folk cannot but drink." Mussorgsky spent day and night in a Saint Petersburg tavern of low repute,

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Mussorgsky's career as a civil servant was by no means stable or secure: though he was assigned to various posts and even received a promotion in these early years, in 1867 he was declared 'supernumerary' – remaining 'in service', but receiving no wages. Decisive developments were occurring in his

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for piano solo (revised and orchestrated in 1867). The latter was the only important piece he composed between December 1860 and August 1863: the reasons for this probably lie in the painful re-emergence of his subjective crisis in 1860 and the purely objective difficulties which resulted from the

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In 1858, within a few months of beginning his studies with Balakirev, Mussorgsky resigned his commission to devote himself entirely to music. He also suffered a painful crisis at this time. This may have had a spiritual component (in a letter to Balakirev the young man referred to "mysticism and

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Mussorgsky's parents planned the move to Saint Petersburg so that both their sons would renew the family tradition of military service. To this end, Mussorgsky entered the Cadet School of the Guards at age 13. Sharp controversy had arisen over the educational attitudes at the time of both this

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While Mussorgsky suffered personally from alcoholism, it was also a behavior pattern considered typical for those of Mussorgsky's generation who wanted to oppose the establishment and protest through extreme forms of behavior. One contemporary notes, "an intense worship of

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For many years, Mussorgsky's works were mainly known in versions revised or completed by other composers. Many of his most important compositions have posthumously come into their own in their original forms, and some of the original scores are now also available.

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Music remained important to him, however. Sutgof's daughter was also a pupil of Gerke, and Mussorgsky was allowed to attend lessons with her. His skills as a pianist made him much in demand by fellow-cadets; for them he would play dances interspersed with his own

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nature which likes coarseness, uncouthness, roughness. He flaunts his illiteracy, takes pride in his ignorance, mucks along anyhow, blindly believing in the infallibility of his genius. Yet he has flashes of talent which are, moreover, not devoid of originality.

238:) to the end of his life, but occasionally reverted to the earlier "Musorskiy". The addition of the "g" to the name was likely initiated by the composer's elder brother Filaret to obscure the resemblance of the name's root to an unsavory Russian word: 98: 777:'s history. He completed the large-scale score the following year while living with friends and working for the Forestry Department. In 1871, however, the finished opera was rejected for theatrical performance, apparently because of its lack of any ' 2300: 389:

that could be sold without land in his grandfather's estate. At age six, Mussorgsky began receiving piano lessons from his mother, herself a trained pianist. His progress was sufficiently rapid that three years later he was able to perform a

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Modest Mussorgsky's father Peter was eventually adopted by his biological father Alexei, Mussorgsky's grandfather, after the official marriage of Alexei and his domestic serf Irina following her emancipation (it was long time before the

517:, and others), analyzing the form." Up to this point Mussorgsky had known nothing but piano music; his knowledge of more radical recent music was virtually non-existent. Balakirev started filling these gaps in Mussorgsky's knowledge. 848:) had moved away to get married. Mussorgsky engaged a new and prominent personal private physician about 1870, Dr. George Leon Carrick, sometime Secretary and later President of the St. Petersburg Physicians' Society and a cousin of 938: 920: 902: 497:. Balakirev had an especially strong impact. Within days he took it upon himself to help shape Mussorgsky's fate as a composer. He recalled to Stasov, "Because I am not a theorist, I could not teach him harmony (as, for instance 3061: 1847: 1326:

remarked: "It is easy enough to correct Mussorgsky's irregularities. The only trouble is that when this is done, the character and originality of the music are done away with, and the composer's individuality vanishes."

828:, "he Mighty Handful has degenerated into soulless traitors." In drifting away from his old friends, Mussorgsky had been seen to fall victim to 'fits of madness' that could well have been alcoholism-related. His friend 1460: 1102: 594:

the following year – as a result of which the family was deprived of half its estate, and Mussorgsky had to spend a good deal of time in Karevo unsuccessfully attempting to stave off their looming impoverishment.

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of orchestral things... what was needed at the moment was an edition for performance, for practical artistic aims, for familiarization with his enormous talent, not for the study of his personality and artistic

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In Mussorgsky family documents, the spelling of the name varies: "Musarskiy", "Muserskiy", "Muserskoy", "Musirskoy", "Musorskiy", and "Musurskiy". The baptismal record gives the composer's name as "Muserskiy".

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The decline could not be halted, however. In 1880 he was finally dismissed from government service. Aware of his destitution, one group of friends organised a stipend designed to support the completion of

450:. His politeness and good manners were exceptional. The ladies made a fuss of him. He sat at the piano and, throwing up his hands coquettishly, played with extreme sweetness and grace (etc) extracts from 408: 1357:, "Mussorgsky, in his vocal efforts, appears wilfully eccentric. His style impresses the Western ear as barbarously ugly." However, after the premiere, views on Mussorgsky's music changed drastically. 2658:, edited by Nadezhda Nikolaevna Rimskaia-Korsakova, translated from the second Russian edition by Judah A. Joffe and edited with an introduction by Carl Van Vechten. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1923. 633: 746:, according to whom "the highest natural object of musical imitation is emotion, and the method of imitating emotion is to mimic speech"), Mussorgsky in 1868 rapidly set the first eleven scenes of 521:

cynical thoughts about the Deity"), but its exact nature will probably never be known. In 1859, the 20-year-old gained valuable theatrical experience by assisting in a production of Glinka's opera

425:. In 1856 Mussorgsky – who had developed a strong interest in history and studied German philosophy – graduated from the Cadet School. Following family tradition he received a commission with the 1417: 6351: 1864: 1158:

re-orchestrated the opera in 1896 and revised it in 1908. The opera has also been revised by other composers, notably Shostakovich, who made two versions, one for film and one for stage.

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From this peak, a pattern of decline became increasingly apparent. At this point, the Balakirev circle was disintegrating, something Mussorgsky was especially bitter about. He wrote to

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text that he declared would be set "just as it stands, so that the inner truth of the text should not be distorted", and in a manner that abolished the 'unrealistic' division between

937: 919: 901: 294:, who, perhaps dismayed that the great composer's name was "reminiscent of garbage", supported the erroneous second-syllable stress that has also become entrenched in the West. 7311: 2940: 624: 4670: 693:, English: 'The Five') of Russian composers loosely grouped around Balakirev, Mussorgsky was by then ceasing to seek Balakirev's approval and was moving closer to the older 2281: 2152: 872:

the Maly Yaroslavets, accompanied by other bohemian dropouts. He and his fellow drinkers idealized their alcoholism, perhaps seeing it as ethical and aesthetic opposition.

4660: 1154:. Mussorgsky thus edited the work, making a final version in 1874. The early version is considered darker and more concise than the later version, but also more crude. 7291: 4119: 3128: 3055: 1442: 299: 1040:

painted the famous red-nosed portrait in what were to be the last days of the composer's life: a week after his 42nd birthday, he was dead. He was interred at the

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during this period. Though he found a comfortable room in a good hospital – and for several weeks even appeared to be rallying – the situation was hopeless.

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Despite this epiphany, Mussorgsky's music leaned more toward foreign models; a four-hand piano sonata that he produced in 1860 contains his only movement in

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pain. At times, however, his alcoholism would seem to be in check, and among the most powerful works composed during his last six years are the four

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Contemporary opinions of Mussorgsky as a composer and person varied from positive to ambiguous to negative. Mussorgsky's eventual supporters,

7301: 7286: 6610: 4263: 4124: 3227: 2641: 2579: 2562: 2545: 2473: 2405: 2124: 2099: 2050: 1874: 482:. Dargomyzhsky was impressed with Mussorgsky's pianism. As a result, Mussorgsky became a fixture at Dargomyzhsky's soirées. There, as critic 7271: 7261: 6281: 3066: 812:. Though far from being a critical success – and in spite of receiving only a dozen or so performances – the popular reaction in favour of 4703: 123:. He strove to achieve a uniquely Russian musical identity, often in deliberate defiance of the established conventions of Western music. 1834: 1055:

Mussorgsky, like others of 'The Five', was perceived as an extremist by the Emperor and much of his court. This may have been the reason

662:(which, however, Balakirev criticised and refused to conduct, with the result that it was never performed during Mussorgsky's lifetime). 598:

By this time, Mussorgsky had freed himself from the influence of Balakirev and was largely teaching himself. In 1863 he began an opera –

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Over the next two years at Dargomyzhsky's, Mussorgsky met several figures of importance in Russia's cultural life, among them Stasov,

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was unfinished and unperformed when Mussorgsky died, but it was completed by Rimsky-Korsakov and received its premiere in 1886 in

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development as an obvious cultural reference to Modest Mussorgsky, also known domestically for encouraging a female opera singer

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Mussorgsky's most imaginative and frequently performed work is the cycle of piano pieces describing paintings in sound called

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while both men served at a military hospital in Saint Petersburg. The two were soon on good terms. Borodin later remembered,

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and its close companions, Mussorgsky was nicknamed as 'Humour', Balakirev was 'Power', and Rimsky-Korsakov was 'Sincerity'.

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and draw heavily on Russian musical themes. He has been the inspiration for many Russian composers, including most notably

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in 1873. It is often asserted that in 1872 the opera was rejected a second time, but no specific evidence for this exists.

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In early 1881 a desperate Mussorgsky declared to a friend that there was 'nothing left but begging', and suffered four

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for family and friends. At 10, he and his brother were taken to Saint Petersburg to study at the elite German language

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Mussorgsky apparently did not take the new spelling seriously, and played on the "rubbish" connection in letters to

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The family name derives from a 15th- or 16th-century ancestor, Roman Vasilyevich Monastyryov, who appears in the

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The New York Times Essential Library: Classical Music: A Critic's Guide to the 100 Most Important Recordings

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in favour of a continuous mode of syllabic but lyrically heightened declamation somewhere between the two.

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in the versions of the name mentioned above gives evidence that this syllable did not receive the stress.

228:). The "g" made its first appearance in a letter to Balakirev in 1863. Mussorgsky used this new spelling ( 142: 5139: 2210:, pp. 74–87, where Dr.Carrick's mother is given as the sister of Harry Lauder's grandfather, John Lauder. 862:'s celebrated portrait of Mussorgsky, painted 2–5 March 1881, only a few days before the composer's death 6620: 6585: 6575: 6509: 6336: 6311: 6271: 6221: 6118: 5971: 5818: 5630: 5487: 5428: 5262: 5257: 5211: 5078: 5014: 4964: 4723: 4685: 4370: 4319: 4296: 3769: 3649: 3604: 3584: 3499: 2815: 2597: 2176:

Letter to Vladimir Stasov, 9 October 1875. As quoted in Rimsky-Korsakov (1923: pp. 154–55, footnote 24).

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now teaches it) ... I explained to him the form of compositions, and to do this we played through both

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The Western convention of doubling the first "s", which is not observed in scholarly literature (e.g.,

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The aristocratic Mussorgsky brothers—Filaret (also known as "Yevgeniy", left), and Modest (right), 1858

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where the intervocalic /s/ is always unvoiced. Doubling the consonant thus reinforces its voiceless

274:(i.e., MÚS-ər-skiy), and does so to this day in Russia, including the composer's home district. The 7095: 6742: 6710: 6600: 6459: 6251: 6163: 6048: 5889: 5767: 5584: 5272: 5267: 5103: 5062: 4909: 4844: 4779: 4738: 4568: 4395: 4179: 4097: 3799: 3774: 3634: 3574: 3564: 3409: 2465: 2270:, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 34064–65). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition. 1455: 1130: 961:

For a time Mussorgsky was able to maintain his creative output: his compositions from 1874 include

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The St Petersburg Mussorgsky State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre — Mikhailovsky Theatre

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Rimsky-Korsakov's edited version of the piece, performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra

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and many others. Important early recordings of songs by Mussorgsky were made by tenor

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enjoyed broad popular recognition in the 1940s when it was featured, in tandem with

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artistic life, however. Although it was in 1867 that Stasov first referred to the '

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in 1908. Before the premiere, he was regarded as an eccentric in the West. Critic

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The spelling and pronunciation of the composer's name have caused some confusion.

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Calvocoressi, M.D. "Mussorgsky's Youth: In the Light of the Latest Information".

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French phrases, was rather precious. There was a touch—though very moderate—of

6752: 5635: 4954: 4934: 4924: 4573: 4410: 4041: 3644: 1779: 1229: 1117: 1037: 988: 953: 859: 769:, the 29-year-old Mussorgsky was encouraged to write an opera on the story of 725: 648: 527:

on the Glebovo estate of a former singer and her wealthy husband; he also met

323: 31: 2198:"The Ancestry of Sir Harry Lauder" by Gregory Lauder-Frost, F.S.A. Scot., in 1833:

Smirnova, Esther (2001). "Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Boris Godunov".

975:(in memory of Hartmann); he also began work on another opera based on Gogol, 6296: 5625: 5507: 4839: 4558: 4548: 4010: 3984: 3389: 3329: 3139: 1753: 1413: 1387: 1382: 332:), diminutive form with the stressed O, by his close friends and relatives. 111:

16 March] 1881) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "

2423:"From 'Bald Mountain' to 'Ave Maria': The hell-to-heaven 'Fantasia' climax" 1177:, another opera, was left incomplete at his death but a dance excerpt, the 6436: 4076: 2808: 2117:

Listening to Music : The Essential Guide to the Classical Repertoire

758: 712: 382: 374: 316: 3124: 2651:, Gordeyeva, Ye. (editor), 2nd edition, Moscow: Music (publisher), 1984 1343:

Western perceptions of Mussorgsky changed with the European premiere of

1228:

Among the composer's other works are a number of songs, including three

6108: 4859: 4450: 4051: 1916: 1890: 1841:

Russian Music Literature: For VI-VII grades (12-13-year-old children).

1029: 868: 39: 7167: 6679: 2606: 4553: 2571:

Russian Masters 1: Glinka, Borodin, Balakirev, Musorgsky, Tchaikovsky

773:. This he did, assembling and shaping a text from Pushkin's play and 275: 2741: 2496: 1450:

as Alexander Lemtov, a flamboyant singer representing Russia, had a

1190:. This composition, best known through an orchestral arrangement by 800:

project (in the course of which he had made a choral version of his

303:), likely arose because in many Western European languages a single 2268:

Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons

2829: 1178: 987: 854: 796: 730: 560: 465: 378: 344: 208: 191: 171: 163: 50: 3238: 2151:(in Russian). Pargolovo Official CIte. 29 April 2019. p. 8. 1066:

from the list of proposed pieces for the Imperial Opera in 1888.

402:(St. Peter's School). While there, Modest studied the piano with 4509: 4046: 2090:(1. publ. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 1147: 1056: 1017:; another group organised a similar fund to pay him to complete 721: 6683: 4245: 3242: 3156: 3143: 2745: 2461:

Man in the Music: The Creative Life and Work of Michael Jackson

437:

In October 1856 the 17-year-old Mussorgsky met the 22-year-old

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In his day, the name was written Модестъ Петровичъ Мусоргскій.

1125:

Mussorgsky's works, while strikingly novel, are stylistically

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in February 1874, Mussorgsky had taken part in the ill-fated

474:

More portentous was Mussorgsky's introduction that winter to

194:. Roman Vasilyevich bore the nickname "Musorga" (from Greek: 1897:(in Russian). History, culture and traditions of Ryazan Krai 1194:, was written in commemoration of his friend, the architect 1082: 877: 613: 3152: 1836:Русская музыкальная литература: Для VI—VII кл. ДМШ: Учебник 1702: 1700: 1260:

in the 1920s and 1930s. Other recordings have been made by

565:

Gustave Flaubert. Mussorgsky started an opera based on his

2626:

36, no. 3 (July, August, September 1991). pp. 194–96.

369:. His wealthy and land-owning family, the noble family of 134:, and other national themes. Such works include the opera 478:, at that time the most important Russian composer after 429:, the foremost regiment of the Russian Imperial Guard. 270:

The first syllable of the name originally received the

2540:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. 2397:

Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Vol. 5: L–M

1406:

performed and recorded an arrangement of Mussorgsky's

704:

Since 1866 Dargomyzhsky had been working on his opera

211:, the legendary 9th-century founder of the Rus state. 176:

Monument on the site of the Mussorgky family house in

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to compose a classical song "Letter After the Ball".

1385:

summoning evil spirits on a mountain. It segues into

365:, Russian Empire, 400 km (250 mi) south of 81: 2441:"Emerson Lake and Palmer: Pictures at an Exhibition" 1631:"Modest Mussorgsky's business card: where did G go?" 7035: 6717: 6543: 6435: 6182: 6004: 5949: 5918: 5842: 5791: 5740: 5699: 5608: 5552: 5516: 5470: 5461: 5306: 5250: 5199: 5158: 5117: 5071: 5013: 4883: 4762: 4684: 4603: 4594: 4480: 4348: 4279: 4140: 4085: 4019: 3998: 3285: 3080: 3034: 2998: 2951: 2922: 2903: 2856: 2788: 2239:) 9 (1980), 104. As quoted in Volkov (1995: p. 87). 1032:in rapid succession. Mussorgsky also suffered from 742:Under the influence of this work (and the ideas of 257:and to Stasov's family, routinely signing his name 202: 2665:, Moscow: The Russian Language (publisher), 1985 . 2083: 1780:"Meaning, origin and history of the name Modestus" 1307:, sometimes a depressing lack of it, unsuccessful 550:, they were using an "M" personal sign instead of 486:later recalled, he began "his true musical life." 981:(for which he produced another choral version of 19:"Mussorgsky" redirects here. For other uses, see 1754:"Meaning, origin and history of the name Modest" 1171:. This opera, too, was revised by Shostakovich. 1021:. However, neither work was completed (although 2675:, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. 1443:Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga 1336: 1297: 832:had died, and his relative and recent roommate 443: 2701:M.P. Musorgsky v vospominaniyakh sovremennikov 2574:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. 2557:. London and Boston: Faber & Faber, 2010. 2185:Ashby, F., "The Carricks of St.Petersburg" in 6695: 4257: 3254: 3168: 2757: 1610:(in Russian). Administration of Pskov oblast' 1584:(in Russian). Administration of Pskov oblast' 1201:Mussorgsky's single-movement orchestral work 684: 327: 229: 223: 69: 8: 836:(who furnished the poems for the song-cycle 222:, the composer signed his name "Musorskiy" ( 107:9 March] 1839 – 28 March [ 2218: 2216: 1553:"Russian – BGN/PCGN transliteration system" 816:made this the peak of Mussorgsky's career. 735:Fyodor Komissarzhevsky as The Pretender in 300:The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 7312:Romantic composers from the Russian Empire 6702: 6688: 6680: 5467: 4600: 4264: 4250: 4242: 3261: 3247: 3239: 3175: 3161: 3153: 3140: 3002: 2955: 2860: 2792: 2764: 2750: 2742: 1493:is used for his name here. ALA-LC system: 1330:Tchaikovsky, in a letter to his patroness 2718:International Music Score Library Project 1982: 1980: 1961: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1524:Under Alexander II the dominance of the 1076:List of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky 842:and would go on to provide those for the 92:[mɐˈdɛstpʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕˈmusərkskʲɪj] 2187:The Caledonian Phalanx – Scots in Russia 669: 373:, is reputedly descended from the first 190:, the 17th-century genealogy of Russian 7292:Opera composers from the Russian Empire 7151: 2673:Musorgsky: Eight Essays and an Epilogue 1917:"Mussorgsky. Childhood. Family. Places" 1544: 1473: 788:By the time of the first production of 276:mutability of the second-syllable vowel 1115: 951: 646: 6611:Romanticism and the French Revolution 3228:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five 2622:Juynboll, Floris. "Vladimir Rosing". 2590:Modest Mussorgsky: His Life and Works 2568:Brown, David, and Gerald E. Abraham. 261:, roughly "garbage-dweller" (compare 90: 7: 3067:Urals Mussorgsky State Conservatoire 2687:Saint Petersburg: A Cultural History 2143:[Sincerity and Golden Fish] 4120:Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle 2158:from the original on 19 August 2019 1375:was used in the 1940 animated film 1334:, was also critical of Mussorgsky: 1299:absurd, disconnected harmony, ugly 1140:In 1868/1869 he composed the opera 381:, through the sovereign princes of 349:Young Mussorgsky as a cadet in the 2554:Tchaikovsky: The Man and His Music 2303:from the original on 25 April 2019 1629:Lukianenko, Pavel (26 June 2020). 1287:Mixed impressions are recorded by 992:Grave of Modest Mussorgsky in the 952:Problems playing these files? See 311:to /z/ (as in "music"), unlike in 130:were inspired by Russian history, 14: 2689:. New York: The Free Press, 1995. 2357:Brown and Abraham (1997: p. 125). 1667:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxvii–xxviii) 1381:, accompanied by an animation of 1303:, sometimes strikingly illogical 556:the symbols of the early Rurikids 218:In early (up to 1858) letters to 7307:Pianists from the Russian Empire 7267:Alcohol-related deaths in Russia 7252:19th-century classical composers 7214: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7154: 6664: 6663: 4225: 4216: 4215: 3123: 3114: 3113: 2821: 2636:". New York: Times Books, 2004. 2601:20, no. 1 (January 1934): 1–14. 2421:Gabler, Jay (13 November 2015). 2394:Grove, George (1 January 1954). 1733:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxviii, xxx) 1604:"M. P. Mussogrgky Museum-Estate" 1353:, wrote, in the 1905 edition of 1253:Mephistopheles' Song of the Flea 1146:, about the life of the Russian 1116:Problems playing this file? See 1098: 934: 916: 898: 647:Problems playing this file? See 629: 7317:Rostislavichi family (Smolensk) 7282:Russian male classical pianists 7257:19th-century classical pianists 2202:. vol. LIII, No. 2, June 2006, 1742:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxvii–xxxi) 2964:The Destruction of Sennacherib 2941:Stokowski orchestration (1939) 2538:Mussorgsky: His Life and Works 2505:State Institute of Art Studies 1316:While preparing an edition of 765:A few months after abandoning 1: 6634:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog 3062:Ferry "Compositor Musorgskij" 2915:(1867, revised 1872 and 1880) 2141:"Искренность и золотая рыбка" 1805:"Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky" 1658:Taruskin (1993: pp. xxx, 384) 1452:non-typical Russian character 1434:The Pictures at an Exhibition 1418:a live album of the same name 1412:in 1971, featuring lyrics by 1264:between 1951 and 1957 and by 1150:, but it was rejected by the 1133:(in his late symphonies) and 969:Prelude, and the piano suite 56: 28:Eastern Slavic naming customs 7302:People from Toropetsky Uyezd 7287:Russian male opera composers 2330:Juynboll (1991: pp. 194–96). 2115:Kramer, Jonathan D. (1991). 1813:Ministry of Culture (Russia) 1676:Musorgskiy (1984: pp. 10–12) 16:Russian composer (1839–1881) 7272:Burials at Tikhvin Cemetery 7262:19th-century male musicians 4163:Gothic Revival architecture 3101:Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi 3052:Airbus A321 "M. Mussorgsky" 2384:Calvocoressi (1956: p. 224) 2366:Calvocoressi (1956: p. 219) 2290:Historian (Russian journal) 2004:Gordeyva (1989: pp. 86–87). 1513:Emancipation reform of 1861 1495:Modest Petrovich Musorgskiĭ 1355:The Oxford History of Music 1181:, is frequently performed. 1108:Performed by David Hernando 834:Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov 587:Intermezzo in Modo Classico 505:symphonies and much else ( 353:of the Imperial Guard, 1856 326:. He was called "Modinka" ( 203: 140:, the orchestral tone poem 82: 66:Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky 21:Mussorgsky (disambiguation) 7338: 6551:Coleridge's theory of life 4104:Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 3279:List of Romantic composers 2937:Ravel orchestration (1922) 2663:Russian-English Dictionary 2654:Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay. 2348:Calvocoressi (1934: p. 6). 2339:Kozinn (2004: pp. 143–47). 2321:Volkov (1995: pp. 106–07). 1706:Taruskin (1993: p. xxviii) 1499:Modest Petrovič Musorgskij 1491:transliteration of Russian 1404:Emerson, Lake & Palmer 1073: 1046:Alexander Nevsky Monastery 998:Alexander Nevsky Monastery 944:Arrangement for two pianos 83:Modest Petrovich Musorgsky 71:Модест Петрович Мусоргский 26:In this name that follows 25: 18: 7015:Charles Villiers Stanford 6643: 6606:Romanticism and economics 4621:Manuel Antônio de Almeida 4195: 3276: 3223: 3190: 3150: 3145:Links to related articles 3109: 3005: 2988:Songs and Dances of Death 2958: 2931:Pictures at an Exhibition 2863: 2795: 2779: 2714:Free scores by Mussorgsky 2649:M. P. Musorgskiy: Letters 2282:"The tragedy of oblivion" 2189:, Edinburgh, 1987, p. 96. 1724:Smirnitsky (1985: p. 300) 1694:Musorgskiy (1984: p. 238) 1409:Pictures at an Exhibition 1247:Songs and Dances of Death 1187:Pictures at an Exhibition 1007:Songs and Dances of Death 972:Pictures at an Exhibition 888:Pictures at an Exhibition 845:Songs and Dances of Death 685: 674:Modest Mussorgsky in 1876 592:emancipation of the serfs 328: 230: 224: 195: 149:Pictures at an Exhibition 115:" He was an innovator of 70: 7297:People from Pskov Oblast 4386:German historical school 4125:Tchaikovsky and The Five 2616:(accessed 29 June 2015). 2592:, London: Rockliff, 1956 2565:(accessed 29 June 2015). 2200:The Scottish Genealogist 1685:Musorgskiy (1984: p. 44) 1578:"Heritage of Pskov Land" 1423:The first 20 seconds of 744:Georg Gottfried Gervinus 493:(a fellow officer), and 6928:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 5033:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski 3215:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 2846:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 2734:Turgenev and Mussorgsky 2618:(subscription required) 2082:Emerson, Caryl (1999). 1843:Children's Music School 1715:Taruskin (1993: p. xxx) 1369:Mussorgsky's tone poem 1174:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 1156:Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 1062:personally crossed off 1019:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 978:The Fair at Sorochyntsi 427:Preobrazhensky Regiment 357:Mussorgsky was born in 351:Preobrazhensky Regiment 249:debris, rubbish, refuse 7025:Ralph Vaughan Williams 6903:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 6616:Romanticism in science 6571:Middle Ages in history 6566:List of Romantic poets 5278:Josiah Gilbert Holland 4148:Common practice period 2912:Night on Bald Mountain 2458:Vogel, Joseph (2011). 1858:(in Russian). Moscow: 1372:Night on Bald Mountain 1341: 1314: 1204:Night on Bald Mountain 1087: 1001: 983:Night on Bald Mountain 882: 863: 803:Night on Bald Mountain 739: 695:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 675: 659:Night on Bald Mountain 625:Night on Bald Mountain 618: 570: 569:but did not finish it. 476:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 471: 470:Alexander Dargomyzhsky 464: 394:concerto and works by 354: 180: 169: 143:Night on Bald Mountain 62: 6586:Romantic epistemology 6576:Opium and Romanticism 5145:Stojadinović-Srpkinja 4371:Counter-Enlightenment 2699:Gordeyeva, E. (ed.). 2598:The Musical Quarterly 2375:Brown (2010: p. 212). 2222:Volkov (1995: p. 87). 2086:The Life of Musorgsky 1974:As quoted in Brown, 4 1416:, and released it as 1086: 991: 881: 858: 734: 673: 617: 564: 469: 348: 175: 167: 103:; 21 March [ 54: 7322:The Five (composers) 7056:Antônio Carlos Gomes 6808:Carl Maria von Weber 6650:Age of Enlightenment 4292:England (literature) 4185:Romantic nationalism 4131:War of the Romantics 3047:Mussorgskij (crater) 3017:The Song of the Flea 2782:List of compositions 2737:(with music samples) 2727:has compositions by 2624:The Record Collector 2468:. pp. 223–224. 2447:. 11 September 2007. 2427:www.classicalmpr.org 2280:Polyakov, Vladimir. 178:Karevo, Pskov Oblast 146:and the piano suite 7277:Composers for piano 7096:Silvestre Revueltas 7020:Alexander Mackenzie 6873:Stanisław Moniuszko 6793:Camille Saint-Saëns 6711:Musical nationalism 6601:Romantic psychology 4396:Hudson River School 4340:Sweden (literature) 4325:Russia (literature) 4180:Musical nationalism 4098:Musical nationalism 2703:Moscow: s.n., 1989. 2586:Calvocoressi, M. D. 1995:Brown (2002: p. 8). 1986:Brown (2002: p. 6). 1941:Brown (2002: p. 3). 1891:"Mussorgsky family" 1557:transliteration.com 1131:Dmitri Shostakovich 1094:Il Vecchio Castello 1000:in Saint Petersburg 710:, a version of the 552:family coat of arms 524:A Life for the Tsar 7066:Heitor Villa-Lobos 4586:White Mountain art 4527:Historical fiction 4335:Spain (literature) 4093:Indianist movement 4011:Romantic orchestra 2683:Bouis, Antonina W. 2233:Sovietskaia muzyka 1860:Muzyka (publisher) 1365:In popular culture 1351:Edward Dannreuther 1088: 1002: 883: 864: 740: 676: 619: 571: 554:, very similar to 472: 361:, Toropets Uyezd, 355: 307:/s/ often becomes 181: 170: 63: 7237:Modest Mussorgsky 7209:Freedom of speech 7142: 7141: 7136: 7135: 7061:Francisco Mignone 7046:Alberto Ginastera 6933:Alexander Borodin 6923:Modest Mussorgsky 6878:Henryk Wieniawski 6677: 6676: 6591:Romantic medicine 6561:List of romantics 6000: 5999: 5651:Felix Mendelssohn 5646:Fanny Mendelssohn 5457: 5456: 5171:Rosalía de Castro 5109:Soares dos Passos 4457:Transcendentalism 4421:Nazarene movement 4381:Düsseldorf School 4239: 4238: 4110:New German School 3705:Felix Mendelssohn 3700:Fanny Mendelssohn 3236: 3235: 3210:Modest Mussorgsky 3200:Alexander Borodin 3137: 3136: 3096:Mussorgsky family 3030: 3029: 3026: 3025: 2899: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2773:Modest Mussorgsky 2738: 2729:Modest Mussorgsky 2642:978-0-8050-7070-5 2580:978-0-393-31585-1 2563:978-0-571-26093-5 2546:978-0-19-816587-3 2475:978-1-4027-7938-1 2407:978-0-333-19178-1 2126:978-0-413-45331-0 2101:978-0-521-48507-4 1876:978-5-7140-0142-0 1332:Nadezhda von Meck 1137:(in his operas). 1103: 939: 921: 903: 783:Mariinsky Theatre 634: 583:Oedipus in Athens 529:Konstantin Lyadov 439:Alexander Borodin 363:Pskov Governorate 292:Tikhon Khrennikov 288:Nikolay Golovanov 201: 80: 7329: 7219: 7218: 7217: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7195: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7171: 7170: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7121:Edward MacDowell 6975:Enrique Granados 6950:Alexander Moyzes 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330: 313:Slavic languages 284:Fyodor Shalyapin 233: 232: 227: 226: 206: 200:romanized: 199: 197: 132:Russian folklore 102: 101: 100: 94: 89: 85: 75: 73: 72: 61: 58: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7215: 7213: 7203: 7201: 7191: 7189: 7179: 7177: 7165: 7161:Classical music 7155: 7153: 7145: 7143: 7138: 7137: 7132: 7031: 7001:United Kingdom 6980:Joaquín Rodrigo 6970:Manuel de Falla 6868:Frédéric Chopin 6728:Bedřich Smetana 6724:Czech Republic 6713: 6708: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6661: 6653: 6639: 6596:Romantic poetry 6581:Romantic ballet 6556:German idealism 6539: 6505:Lacoue-Labarthe 6431: 6178: 5996: 5945: 5914: 5895:Rimsky-Korsakov 5838: 5787: 5736: 5695: 5604: 5548: 5512: 5453: 5302: 5246: 5195: 5154: 5113: 5067: 5009: 4950:Maria Edgeworth 4886: 4879: 4758: 4680: 4590: 4569:Romantic genius 4499:Gesamtkunstwerk 4476: 4437:Sturm und Drang 4344: 4275: 4270: 4240: 4235: 4212: 4208:Modernist music 4204: 4201:Classical music 4191: 4136: 4081: 4062:Romantic ballet 4057:Orchestral song 4037:Chorale prelude 4032:Character piece 4015: 4006:Romantic guitar 3999:Instrumentation 3994: 3830:Rimsky-Korsakov 3450:Ferdinand David 3287: 3281: 3272: 3267: 3237: 3232: 3219: 3186: 3181: 3146: 3138: 3133: 3105: 3076: 3022: 2994: 2947: 2918: 2891: 2852: 2784: 2775: 2770: 2725:Mutopia Project 2710: 2696: 2694:Further reading 2679:Volkov, Solomon 2656:My Musical Life 2617: 2528: 2527: 2517: 2515: 2507: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2439: 2438: 2434: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2408: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2292: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2266:Wilson, Scott. 2265: 2261: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2214: 2197: 2193: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2066: 2064: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1957: 1952: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1924: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1862: 1855: 1845: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1817: 1815: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1784:Behind the Name 1777: 1776: 1772: 1762: 1760: 1758:Behind the Name 1751: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1641: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1523: 1519: 1509: 1505: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1458: 1425:Michael Jackson 1367: 1312:transgressions. 1289:Rimsky-Korsakov 1278:Vladimir Stasov 1274: 1262:Boris Christoff 1258:Vladimir Rosing 1215:', in the 1940 1196:Viktor Hartmann 1152:Mariinsky Opera 1123: 1122: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1099: 1096: 1089: 1083: 1078: 1072: 959: 958: 950: 948: 947: 946: 945: 942: 935: 932: 926: 925: 924: 917: 914: 908: 907: 906: 899: 896: 890: 884: 878: 830:Viktor Hartmann 826:Vladimir Stasov 822: 707:The Stone Guest 668: 654: 653: 645: 643: 642: 641: 640: 637: 630: 627: 620: 614: 531: 499:Rimsky-Korsakov 484:Vladimir Stasov 435: 406: 343: 338: 267:: "nobleman"). 255:Vladimir Stasov 162: 121:Romantic period 97: 96: 95: 87: 59: 47: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7335: 7333: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7223: 7211: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7116:Horatio Parker 7113: 7108: 7102:United States 7100: 7099: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7050: 7049: 7048: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 6999: 6998: 6997: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6985:Joaquín Turina 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6959: 6958: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6939: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6913:Mily Balakirev 6905: 6900: 6898:Mikhail Glinka 6892: 6891: 6890: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6848:Bernard Zweers 6842: 6841: 6840: 6838:Giuseppe Verdi 6832: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6813:Richard Wagner 6810: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6798:Romain Bussine 6795: 6787: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6778:Leevi Madetoja 6772: 6771: 6770: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6747: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6733:Antonín Dvořák 6730: 6721: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6684: 6675: 6674: 6654: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6637: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6547: 6545: 6544:Related topics 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6441: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6272:Gallen-Kallela 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6247:David d'Angers 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6184:Visual artists 6180: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6144:Schleiermacher 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6010: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5744: 5742: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5409:Oehlenschläger 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5079:Castelo Branco 5075: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 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3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3445:Félicien David 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3270:Romantic music 3268: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3195:Mily Balakirev 3191: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3131: 3121: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2984: 2976: 2968: 2959: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2916: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2881: 2873: 2864: 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Schubert 1366: 1363: 1359:Gerald Abraham 1324:Anatoly Lyadov 1282:Mily Balakirev 1273: 1270: 1219:animated film 1113: 1107: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1074:Main article: 1071: 1068: 949: 943: 933: 928: 927: 915: 910: 909: 897: 892: 891: 886: 885: 876: 875: 874: 821: 818: 667: 664: 644: 638: 628: 623: 622: 621: 612: 611: 610: 544:Anatoly Lyadov 495:Mily Balakirev 480:Mikhail Glinka 434: 431: 423:improvisations 342: 339: 337: 334: 251: 250: 220:Mily Balakirev 161: 158: 68:(Russian: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7334: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7222: 7212: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7176: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7162: 7152: 7148: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106:Aaron Copland 7104: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7091:Carlos Chávez 7089: 7087: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7077: 7076:Claude Vivier 7074: 7073: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7034: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6965:Isaac Albéniz 6963: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6888:George Enescu 6886: 6885: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6829: 6828:Zoltán Kodály 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6783:Jean Sibelius 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6769: 6768:Rudolf Tobias 6766: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6712: 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B. Shelley 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4975:Mary Robinson 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4704:Chateaubriand 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4533:Mal du siècle 4530: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4267: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4253: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4222: 4214: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4194: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4139: 4132: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:J. Strauss II 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3286:Composers and 3284: 3280: 3275: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3166: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3142: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3120: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3018: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2888: 2886: 2885:Boris Godunov 2882: 2880: 2878: 2877:Khovanshchina 2874: 2872: 2870: 2869:Boris Godunov 2866: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2838:Khovanshchina 2835: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2817:Boris Godunov 2814: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630:Kozinn, Allan 2628: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2477: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2403: 2400:. 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Strauss I 3800:Rachmaninoff 3739: 3555:Gretchaninov 3209: 3088: 2986: 2978: 2970: 2962: 2929: 2910: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2844: 2836: 2828: 2816: 2807: 2800: 2772: 2700: 2686: 2672: 2669:Taruskin, R. 2662: 2655: 2648: 2623: 2596: 2589: 2569: 2552: 2537: 2530: 2529: 2518:14 September 2516:. Retrieved 2501:academia.edu 2500: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2460: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2416: 2396: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2305:. Retrieved 2285: 2275: 2267: 2262: 2253: 2244: 2237:Soviet Music 2236: 2232: 2227: 2199: 2194: 2186: 2181: 2172: 2160:. Retrieved 2148: 2135: 2116: 2110: 2085: 2077: 2067:13 September 2065:. Retrieved 2057: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1970: 1937: 1925:. Retrieved 1923:(in Russian) 1920: 1911: 1899:. Retrieved 1894: 1885: 1840: 1835: 1828: 1816:. Retrieved 1808: 1799: 1787:. Retrieved 1783: 1773: 1761:. Retrieved 1757: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1644:29 September 1642:. Retrieved 1634: 1624: 1612:. 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Shelley 4945:de Quincey 4810:Günderrode 4694:Baudelaire 4574:Wanderlust 4411:Lake Poets 4141:Background 4042:Intermezzo 3975:Wieniawski 3955:Vieuxtemps 3920:R. Strauss 3845:Rubinstein 3770:Paderewski 3740:Mussorgsky 3735:Moszkowski 3710:Mercadante 3089:Mussorgsky 2904:Orchestral 2481:23 October 2445:PopMatters 2307:16 January 2286:историк.рф 2231:Quoted in 2051:"His Sign" 2040:Brown, 14. 2031:Brown, 12. 2013:Brown, 10. 1927:18 October 1852:: Textbook 1809:Culture.ru 1562:2 December 1539:References 1528:remained. 1305:modulation 1272:Reputation 1161:The opera 1118:media help 954:media help 860:Ilya Repin 726:recitative 649:media help 392:John Field 371:Mussorgsky 324:Late Latin 259:Musoryanin 245:(músor) — 236:Musorgskiy 231:Мусoргскій 196:μουσουργός 44:Mussorgsky 32:patronymic 7185:Biography 6941:Slovakia 6918:César Cui 6657:Modernism 6317:Kiprensky 6277:Géricault 6262:Friedrich 6252:Delacroix 6227:Constable 6207:Bonington 6197:Bierstadt 6149:Senancour 6124:Schelling 6079:Lamennais 6074:Khomyakov 6039:Coleridge 6034:Chaadayev 5941:Stanković 5936:Mokranjac 5855:Balakirev 5814:Moniuszko 5763:Donizetti 5758:Cherubini 5656:Meyerbeer 5641:Marschner 5616:Beethoven 5529:Moscheles 5463:Musicians 5449:Wergeland 5414:Orbeliani 5369:Grundtvig 5273:Hawthorne 5242:Zhukovsky 5237:Vyazemsky 5222:Lermontov 5181:Gutiérrez 5140:Radičević 5104:Herculano 5028:Krasiński 4970:Radcliffe 4940:Coleridge 4915:E. Brontë 4910:C. Brontë 4840:Jean Paul 4835:Hölderlin 4724:Lamartine 4661:Magalhães 4651:Guimarães 4559:Pantheism 4549:Nostalgia 4401:Indianism 4349:Movements 4280:Countries 3755:Offenbach 3730:Moscheles 3725:Moniuszko 3720:Meyerbeer 3675:Marschner 3660:MacDowell 3475:Donizetti 3420:Cherubini 3410:Chaminade 3335:Beethoven 3320:Balakirev 3310:Atterberg 3288:musicians 3205:César Cui 3035:Namesakes 2614:0027-4631 2208:0300-337X 2162:4 January 1965:Brown, 5. 1953:Brown, 4. 1895:62info.ru 1614:13 August 1588:13 August 1497:. ISO 9: 1446:starring 1414:Greg Lake 1388:Ave Maria 1383:Chernobog 1268:in 1993. 1213:Ave Maria 697:. 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Gomis 3530:Glazunov 3525:Giuliani 3415:Chausson 3405:Chadwick 3395:Bruckner 3184:The Five 3119:Category 3054:(number 3019:" (1879) 2809:Zhenitba 2801:Salammbô 2466:Sterling 2301:Archived 2153:Archived 1378:Fantasia 1238:(1872), 1222:Fantasia 1209:Schubert 1127:Romantic 1030:seizures 775:Karamzin 767:Zhenitba 759:Zhenitba 753:Marriage 750:'s play 713:Don Juan 699:The Five 601:Salammbô 581:'s play 567:Salammbô 511:Schubert 507:Schumann 459:Traviata 433:Maturity 383:Smolensk 329:Модинька 317:sibilant 204:musurgos 126:Many of 7147:Portals 7082:Mexico 7072:Canada 7052:Brazil 6991:Sweden 6894:Russia 6864:Poland 6854:Norway 6789:France 6510:Lovejoy 6445:Abraham 6367:Richard 6357:Préault 6282:Girodet 6164:Thoreau 6109:Novalis 6094:Mazzini 6089:Maistre 6064:Hazlitt 6049:Emerson 6029:Carlyle 6019:Berchet 5962:Berwald 5957:Bennett 5926:Hristić 5880:Medtner 5860:Borodin 5850:Arensky 5773:Rossini 5748:Bellini 5727:Joachim 5700:Hungary 5681:Strauss 5609:Germany 5575:Berlioz 5544:Voříšek 5539:Smetana 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