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Berry, France

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already evident to all minds of more or less perspicacity, as it was to Turgot and Necker, that the absolute power of the King had had its day, and that the hour had come for replacing it by some kind of national representation, Louis XVI could never be brought to make any but the feeblest concessions. He convened the provincial assemblies of the provinces of Berri and Haute-Guienne (1778 and 1779). But in face of the opposition shown by the privileged classes, the plan of extending these assemblies to the other provinces was abandoned, and Necker was dismissed in 1781.
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The governors of French provinces during the Ancien RĂ©gime were typically military commanders and provided military oversight in the region. This included recruitment, movement of troops, and – if needed – dealing with civil disobedience. Below is a list of the governors of Berry during its time as a
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The weapon used by Louis XVI, in preference to all others was deceit. Only fear made him yield, and, using always the same weapons, deceit and hypocrisy, he resisted not only up to 1789, but even up to the last moment, to the very foot of tile scaffold. At any rate, in 1778, at a time when it was
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convened the provincial assemblies of Berry, and considered expanding the assembly to other provinces, but abandoned this idea after experiencing the opposition of the privileged classes in Berry.
1684: 1211: 1679: 1189: 1126: 567:. The title of 'Duke of Berry' was by this period divested of territorial significance, and instead held by princes of the royal house, the last of which was 1699: 982: 1204: 1165: 284: 1704: 1445: 761: 702: 1709: 1719: 1197: 925: 541: 1611: 1694: 519:
Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight
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vient de Bituriges; ainsi se nommaient les ancĂȘtres gaulois des Berrichons. Le premier nom de Bourges fut Bituricum.
202: 1739: 1724: 1714: 1174: 606: 590:, and in 1101 was annexed by France. In 1360, the county was raised to a duchy as the Duchy of Berry. In 1221, the 35: 1729: 75: 1616: 950: 1162: 57: 586:, but became independent once more in 893. In 972, the County of Bourges was reduced to a Viscounty as the 1689: 667: 536: 619:
In 1790, when the former provinces were dissolved, the Duchy of Berry was split between two departments:
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While Berry was a province, the Duke of Berry was de jure leader of the area. The dukes included:
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Le Berry du Xe siĂšcle au milieu du XIIIe: Étude politique, religieuse, sociale, et Ă©conomique
82: 1658: 1435: 1370: 468: 1651: 1315: 1169: 932:, because of its many ponds created since the 8th c. by the monks of the local abbeys for 800: 744: 717:. In 1820, the title was finally dissolved once more when the last duke was assassinated. 675: 455: 605:
The first governor of the province appears to have been appointed on 14 March 1698, when
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department, is a region which of old straddled on the former provinces of Berry and
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or crown lands controlled by the king. From 878 to 892, the county was part of the
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conquered Gaul. The name of the tribe gave name to the region, often mentioned in
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until the title was once again dissolved in 1601 following the death of Duchess
556:, and Berry's landscape and specific culture figure in much of Sand's writings. 549: 528: 24: 1580: 1420: 1059:] (in French). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff (published 2012). p. 157. 884:, like that of its capital, Bourges, originated with the Gaulish tribe of the 491:
replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the
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Miroglio, Abel; Miroglio, Yvonne-Delphée, eds. (1978). "Berrichons".
709:(later King Louis XVI), who dropped the title in 1765 when he became 636: 632: 628: 553: 438: 713:. In 1778, Louis XVI once again re-created the title for his nephew 1028: 1646: 1641: 1575: 1565: 1515: 1485: 1265: 917: 813:
Van Loo, Louis-Michel - The Dauphin Louis Auguste, later Louis XVI
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The ancient province of Berry with the communes and départements.
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in Lower (western) Berry. Some communes also became part of the
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In c.750, the Counties of Berry and Bourges were created by the
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Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry
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Historical province of France, located in Centre-Val de Loire
975: 846: 836: 808: 799: 752: 743: 483:) was a former province located in central France. It was a 666:
In October 1360, the title 'Duke of Berry' was created by
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died of natural causes and the title was merged into the
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In 1527, the title was re-created for 510: 962: 924:, and is now a protected natural area ( 188: 178: 1185:Columbia Encyclopedia article on Berry 1118: 1030:The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793 542:Les TrĂšs Riches Heures du Duc de Berry 1027:Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". 535:'s holdings. It is also known for an 454: 339: 335: 321: 311: 307: 277: 265: 261: 253: 237: 225: 221: 207: 195: 7: 997: 995: 993: 970: 968: 966: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 926:Parc naturel rĂ©gional de la Brenne 14: 531:, Berry became the center of the 1444: 1221: 715:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry 418: 404: 379: 365: 154: 142: 23: 1700:History of Auvergne-RhĂŽne-Alpes 34:needs additional citations for 1705:History of Centre-Val de Loire 559:The Duchy was governed by the 1: 1710:History of Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1003:"Provinces of France to 1791" 623:in Upper (eastern) Berry and 602:were annexed into the duchy. 1720:History of Cher (department) 1595:Foreign territories in 1789 1454:Minor provinces and regions 1052:L'Europe et ses Populations 908:La Brenne, located west of 548:In later times, the writer 324:‱ Provinces dissolved 1756: 1695:Former provinces of France 857:Charles Ferdinand d'Artois 659: 607:Adrien Maurice de Noailles 569:Charles Ferdinand d'Artois 1442: 1140:. Paris-La Haye: Mouton. 1105:. Myrtleford, Australia. 1092:General and cited sources 344: 340: 336: 332: 308: 294: 290: 262: 250: 222: 168: 138: 133: 1099:Abbott, Paul D. (1981). 819:Louis-Auguste de Bourbon 707:Louis-Auguste de Bourbon 670:for his third-born son, 1735:History of Loir-et-Cher 983:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica 841:Arms of Charles dArtois 285:Louis Joseph de Bourbon 1134:Devailly, Guy (1973). 1057:Europe and its peoples 1007:www.worldstatesmen.org 852: 842: 814: 804: 757: 748: 668:King John II of France 537:illuminated manuscript 516: 480: 472: 1612:Menton and Roquebrune 951:Saint-BenoĂźt-du-Sault 930:Pays des mille Ă©tangs 850: 840: 812: 803: 756: 747: 688:Marguerite de Navarre 643:departments as well. 561:Duke/Duchess of Berry 514: 452:French pronunciation: 1361:Lorraine and Barrois 1228:Historical provinces 1180:Flag of Berry (FOTW) 914:Tournon-Saint-Martin 523:, who fought in the 175:Map of Berry in 1789 43:improve this article 1239:General governments 588:Viscomte de Bourges 565:French royal family 314:‱ Established 273:Jean III de VendĂŽme 1168:4 May 2009 at the 853: 843: 815: 805: 762:Charles de Bourbon 758: 749: 703:Charles de Bourbon 692:Louise of Lorraine 584:County of Auvergne 576:King of the Franks 517: 499:(Upper Berry) and 485:province of France 210:King of the Franks 1740:History of Loiret 1725:History of Creuse 1715:History of Allier 1667: 1666: 946:Berrichon dialect 928:) as well called 873: 872: 781:Count of Ponthieu 769:Duke of AngoulĂȘme 521:Baldwin Chauderon 444: 443: 430: 429: 426: 425: 392: 391: 387:County of Bourges 280:‱ 1760–1789 268:‱ 1466–1482 255:Governor of Berry 240:‱ 1774–1790 228:‱ 1101–1108 198: â€ą Type 119: 118: 111: 93: 1747: 1730:History of Indre 1659:Comtat Venaissin 1655: 1448: 1226: 1225: 1214: 1207: 1200: 1191: 1151: 1130: 1124: 1116: 1085: 1084: 1075: 1073: 1045: 1039: 1038: 1024: 1018: 1017: 1015: 1013: 999: 988: 987: 979: 972: 868:14 February 1820 830:20 December 1765 723: 672:John of Poitiers 466: 465: 464: 458: 453: 422: 421: 408: 407: 396: 395: 383: 382: 369: 368: 362: 361: 346: 345: 199: 173: 158: 146: 123: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1748: 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In the 245:Louis XVI 134:1101–1791 1622:Mulhouse 1602:CrĂ©hange 1586:Vivarais 1571:Valromey 1561:Rouergue 1551:Ponthieu 1546:PĂ©rigord 1541:NĂ©bouzan 1526:GĂ©vaudan 1521:GĂątinais 1496:CĂ©vennes 1466:Armagnac 1431:Touraine 1416:Provence 1391:Normandy 1366:Lyonnais 1356:Limousin 1316:Flanders 1311:DauphinĂ© 1296:Burgundy 1291:Brittany 1271:Auvergne 1166:Archived 1163:Pictures 940:See also 922:Touraine 600:Issoudun 233:Philip I 203:Province 1536:Labourd 1476:Bigorre 1461:Agenais 1406:Picardy 1341:Hainaut 1336:Guyenne 1331:Gascony 1306:Corsica 916:in the 898:Bituria 738:Tenure 711:Dauphin 507:History 481:Bituria 469:Occitan 184:Bourges 180:Capital 83:scholar 1556:Quercy 1511:Dombes 1481:Bresse 1411:Poitou 1401:Perche 1376:Marche 1261:Artois 1246:Alsace 1232:France 1144:  1109:  1063:  904:Brenne 639:, and 637:Loiret 633:Creuse 629:Allier 554:Nohant 487:until 473:Barric 439:France 258:  218:  85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  1654:] 1647:Tende 1642:Savoy 1576:Velay 1566:Soule 1516:Forez 1486:Bugey 1371:Maine 1281:Berry 1276:BĂ©arn 1266:Aunis 1256:Anjou 1080:Berry 1055:[ 918:Indre 882:Berry 732:Name 625:Indre 501:Indre 477:Latin 414:Indre 90:JSTOR 76:books 1627:Nice 1607:Dabo 1321:Foix 1142:ISBN 1127:link 1107:ISBN 1074:2017 1061:ISBN 1014:2022 621:Cher 598:and 497:Cher 446:The 400:Cher 328:1791 318:1101 62:news 1531:Gex 1230:of 594:of 495:of 45:by 1676:: 1652:fr 1123:}} 1119:{{ 1076:. 1005:. 992:^ 980:. 965:^ 936:. 900:. 694:. 635:, 631:, 571:. 545:. 479:: 475:; 471:: 467:; 212:/ 1213:e 1206:t 1199:v 1150:. 1129:) 1115:. 1016:. 866:– 828:– 791:– 450:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Bourges
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