Bodiam Castle - Knowledge (XXG)

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only the moat survives, along with the earthworks left over from its construction. Roughly rectangular, the moat is supplied by several springs, some of them within it, which made it difficult to drain during the excavations of the 1930s. A moat can prevent attackers from gaining access to the base of a castle's walls, but in the case of Bodiam it also had the effect of making the castle appear larger and more impressive by isolating it in its landscape. The moat is now regarded more as an ornamental feature than a defence. The approach to the castle through the moat and satellite ponds was indirect, giving visitors time to view the castle in its intended splendour. Military historian Cathcart King describes the approach as formidable, and considers it the equal of the 13th-century

1102:. The three standing arches gave access to different rooms, the pantry, buttery and the kitchen which was at the far west of the south range. This layout was typical of large medieval houses. The great hall was the social centre of the castle, and where the lord would have entertained guests. The buttery and pantry occupied the bottom floor, and above was a room of unknown purpose. The buttery had a cellar and was used to store ale and wine, while the pantry held the supplies for the kitchen. To prevent heat from the cooking fires becoming unbearable, the kitchen was as tall as the curtain walls to provide a large space to absorb the heat. In the southwest tower was a well, from which water would have been drawn for the household. 862: 934: 419: 48: 678: 736:, purchased the castle and its 24 acres (9.7 ha) from Fuller's grandson in 1849, for over £5,000 (£660,000 today). Cubitt continued the renovations that Fuller started. He commissioned the first detailed survey of Bodiam Castle in 1864, and undertook repairs to the tower at the southwest corner of the site, which had almost entirely collapsed. Because there was then a fashion for ruins covered in ivy, the vegetation was not removed despite its detrimental effect on the masonry, and the trees which had taken root in the courtyard were left. 905:, and the approach is overlooked by gun-loops in the gatehouse towers. The gatehouse is the only part of the castle which has gun-loops, and the curtain wall and towers are studded with windows for domestic use rather than military. There are guardrooms on the ground floor and a basement beneath them. The passage would originally have had three wooden portcullises. Above the entrance passage is an arch in the gateway, although it leads nowhere. The ceiling of the passage through the gatehouse into the castle is vaulted and pierced with 61: 748:

hedges and fences were removed to provide an unobscured view of the castle. There were excavations in the interior, and a well was discovered in the basement of the southwest tower. Vegetation was cleared, stonework repaired, and the original floor level re-established throughout the castle. A cottage was built to provide a museum to display the finds from the excavations and a home for a caretaker. Bodiam Castle was given to the National Trust in 1925.

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arguments focused on elements such as the apparent strength of the defences – such as the imposing moat – and elements of display. It has been suggested that the moat could have been drained in a day because the embankment surrounding it was not substantial, and that as such it did not pose a serious obstacle to an attacker. Also, the large windows in the castle's exterior were defensive weak points. The castle is a

821: 569: 1109:. To accommodate the chapel, the curtain wall near the northeast corner projects 9 feet (2.7 m) further into the moat than the rest of the wall along the east side. Immediately south of the chapel was the main accommodation for the lord and his family. The buildings were two storeys high and incorporated a basement. The exact layout of the rooms is unclear. 68: 853:(toilet), suggesting that there may have been a guard on the island, although it is unclear to what extent it was fortified. The Octagon was connected to a barbican by a bridge, probably a drawbridge. The castle's 28 toilets drained directly into the moat, which in the words of archaeologist Matthew Johnson would have been effectively an "open sewer". 877:, was characteristic of castle architecture in the 14th century. Bodiam Castle has been described by military historian Cathcart King as the most complete surviving example of a quadrangular castle. There are circular towers at each of the four corners, with square central towers in the south, east, and west walls. The main entrance is a twin-towered 712:. It was in this period that the site became popular as an early kind of tourist attraction because of its connection with the medieval period. The first drawings of Bodiam Castle date from the mid-18th century, when it was depicted as a ruin overgrown with ivy. Ruins and medieval buildings such as Bodiam Castle served as an inspiration for the 1113:

compared to the great hall. Also, whereas the great hall had a large fireplace, the "retainers' hall" had none. The hall was adjacent to the kitchen, to which it was directly connected, with no screens passage in between. Above the "retainers' hall", which was confined to the ground floor, was a room with no fireplace and of unclear purpose.

807:, and recognised as an internationally important structure. Today the castle is open to the public, and according to figures released by the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions, nearly 175,598 people visited in 2017. In the opinion of historian Charles Coulson, Bodiam "represents the popular ideal of a medieval castle". 701:), it was probably after it was bought by Powell. During and after the Civil War, many castles were slighted to prevent them from being reused. Not all were destroyed completely, and in some cases care was taken not to unnecessarily deface the structure. At Bodiam, it was deemed sufficient to dismantle the 742:

decided that "so rare a treasure should neither be lost to our country nor desecrated by irreverent hands". Curzon made enquiries about buying the castle, but Cubitt did not wish to sell. However, after Cubitt's death, Curzon was able to make a deal with Cubitt's son, and he bought Bodiam Castle and

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Although the exterior of Bodiam Castle has largely survived, the interior is ruinous. The domestic buildings within the castle lined the curtain walls. However, remains are substantial enough to recreate a plan of the castle. The structure was divided into separate living areas for the lord and his

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gate at the rear would have been connected to the moat's south bank by a drawbridge and a long timber bridge. The main entrance on the north side of the castle is today connected to the north bank by a wooden bridge, but the original route would have included two bridges: one from the main entrance

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restored parts of the castle. The moat, on average about 5 ft (1.5 m) deep but 7 ft (2.1 m) deep in the southeast corner, was drained and 3 ft (0.9 m) of mud and silt removed; during excavations the original footings of the bridges to the castle were discovered. Nearby

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Know that of our special grace we have granted and given licence on behalf of ourselves and our heirs, so far as in us lies, to our beloved and faithful Edward Dalyngrigge Knight, that he may strengthen with a wall of stone and lime, and crenellate and may construct and make into a Castle his manor

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The area surrounding Bodiam Castle was landscaped when the castle was built, to increase its aesthetic appeal. Archaeologists Oliver Creighton and Robert Higham have described Bodiam as one of the best examples of landscaping to emphasise a castle. The water features were originally extensive, but

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was revoked, and Bodiam Castle was returned to Lewknor. However, not all the surrounding land was returned to the family until 1542. Possession of Bodiam Castle passed through several generations of the Lewknor family. Although the inheritance of the castle can be traced through the 16th and 17th

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by the king. He died on 27 September 1408, leaving a will by which his property passed to his widow Alice during her lifetime. Since they had no children, at Alice's death (which occurred in 1442) it was to pass to John's cousin Richard Dallingrigge, son of Edward's brother Walter. Upon Richard's

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in France from 1386 to 1387, and as a result was probably absent for the first years of the castle's construction. It replaced the old manor house as Dalyngrigge's main residence and the administrative centre of the manor. It is not recorded when Bodiam Castle was completed, but Thackray suggests

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for the barbican's north gate, although there are no hinges for gates. The base of a garderobe demonstrates that the second story would have provided space for habitation, probably a guard room. Drawings from the late 18th century show the ground floor of the barbican still standing and includes

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Arranged along the west curtain wall was an extra hall and a kitchen; it is not certain what these were used for, although it is probable that these were intended to provide for the household's retainers. The "retainers' hall" had no windows on its west side and would have been relatively dark

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The Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England carried out a survey of the earthworks surrounding Bodiam Castle in 1990. In the 1990s, Bodiam Castle was at the centre of a debate in castle studies over the balance between militaristic and social interpretations of such sites. The

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East of the main gatehouse was a two-storey building with a basement. The basement was likely used for storage while the above two floors provided accommodation. The purpose of the buildings along the west end of the north range is uncertain. The sparse arrangement, with little provision for

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for £3,000 (£330,000 today). Fuller repaired one of the towers, added new gates to the site, and removed a cottage which had been built within the castle in the 18th century; he is thought to have bought the castle to prevent the Webster family from dismantling it and reusing its materials.

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lighting, has led to suggestions that it was used as stables, however there are no drains which are usually associated with stables. The tower in the northwest corner of the castle had a garderobe and fireplace on each of the three above-ground floors, and there was a basement underneath.

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to an island in the moat, and another connecting the island to the west bank. For the most part the bridge was static, apart from the section closest to the west bank, which would have been a drawbridge. The island in the moat is called the Octagon, and excavations on it have uncovered a

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The castle's location was ostensibly chosen to protect England's south coast from raids by the French. A landscape survey by the Royal Commission for Historic Monuments concluded that if this were the case, then Bodiam Castle was unusually sited, as it is far from the medieval coastline.

705:, the bridges, and the buildings inside the castle. When Nathaniel Powell died in 1674 or 1675, Bodiam Castle was passed on to his son, also called Nathaniel. After the second Nathaniel, the castle came into the possession of Elizabeth Clitherow, his daughter-in-law. 617:, were given permission to levy men and besiege Bodiam Castle, where Lewknor was based. It is not recorded whether the siege went ahead, and Thackray suggests that Lewknor surrendered without much resistance. His property was confiscated, and Nicholas Rigby was made 559:

David Thackray has deduced from this that Bodiam Castle was built quickly, probably because of the threat from the French. Stone castles were usually time-consuming and expensive to build, often costing thousands of pounds. Dalyngrigge was Captain of the port of

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voted that money should be spent on defending and fortifying England's south coast, and defences were erected in Kent in anticipation of a French invasion. There was internal unrest as well as external threats, and Dalyngrigge was involved in suppressing the

925:). Above the arms is a helm bearing a unicorn head crest. Three coats of arms also decorate the postern gate; the central arms is that of Sir Robert Knolles, who Edward Dalyngrigge had fought for in the Hundred Years' War, but those flanking it are blank. 554:

Dalyngrigge's licence from Richard II permitted him to refortify his existing manor house, but instead he chose a fresh site to build a castle on. Construction was completed in one phase, and most of the castle is in the same architectural style.

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Between the Octagon and the main gatehouse in the north wall was a barbican, of which little survives – just a piece of the west wall – although the structure was originally two stories high. The surviving fabric includes a slot for a

665:. Parliament confiscated some of his lands in 1643, and more in 1644, as well as fining him £9,000 (£2,000,000 today). To help pay his fine, Tufton sold Bodiam Castle for £6,000 (£1,300,000 today) in March 1644 to Nathaniel Powell, a 576:

Danlyngrigge's estates, including the castle, were inherited by his son, John Dalyngrigge. Like his father, John enjoyed the favour of the king and was described as the "King's Knight"; in 1400 he was granted an annual allowance of

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into the arch; from left to right they are the arms of the Wardeux, Dalyngrigge, and Radynden families. The Wardeux shield was for his wife Elizabeth, and the Radynden shield was for his mother Alice (one of the three daughters of

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death without issue in 1470, his brother William having died before him, he left the estates to Sir Roger Lewknor, son of Richard's sister Phillippe Dallingridge. (Phillippe had married Sir Thomas Lewknor of

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house of Bodiam, near the sea, in the County of Sussex, for the defence of the adjacent country, and the resistance to our enemies ... In witness of which etc. The King at Westminster 20 October.

2442: 1889: 407: 148: 2419: 649:, inherited Nicholas's property on his father's death in 1631; it was John Tufton who reunited possession of castle and manor when he bought Bodiam Castle in 1639. John Tufton was a supporter of the 751:

The National Trust continued the restoration work, and added new roofs to the towers and gatehouse. Excavations were resumed in 1970, and the moat was once again drained. Bodiam Castle was used in

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Bodiam Castle. It is unrecorded whether the siege went ahead, but it is thought that Bodiam was surrendered without much resistance. The castle was confiscated, but returned to the Lewknors when

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gate is through a square tower in the middle of the south wall. The towers are three storeys high, taller than the curtain walls and the buildings in the castle which are two storeys high.

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The gatehouse in the castle's north wall is three storeys high; now reached by a static bridge, it was originally connected to the barbican by a drawbridge. The top of the gatehouse is

332:. Its structure, details and situation in an artificial watery landscape indicate that display was an important aspect of the castle's design as well as defence. It was the home of the 1098:

gate, was 24 by 40 feet (7.3 by 12.2 m) and would have been as tall as the curtain wall. To the west of the great hall was the pantry and buttery, linked to the great hall by a

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Possession of Bodiam Castle passed through several generations of Dalyngrigges, until their line became extinct, when the castle passed by marriage to the Lewknor family. During the

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cause, and sold the castle to help pay fines levied against him by Parliament. The castle was subsequently dismantled, and was left as a picturesque ruin until its purchase by

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as a mercenary from pillage and plunder. It was as a member of the Free Companies that Dalyngrigge raised the money to build Bodiam Castle; he returned to England in 1377.

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before 1417, and died in 1421; Sir Thomas, who made a second marriage, died in 1452.) By this means, Bodiam Castle passed from the Dallingrigge into the Lewknor family.

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of 1381. The manor of Bodiam was granted a charter in 1383 permitting a weekly market and an annual fair to be held. In 1385, a fleet of 1,200 ships – variously

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Following the death of Sir Roger Lewknor in 1543, his estates were divided among his descendants, and the castle and manor were split. John Levett of

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for Sussex and one of the most influential people in the county. By the time he applied to the king for a licence to crenellate (build a castle), the

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began looking for buyers for the castle in 1815, and in 1829 he finally managed to sell it and 24 acres (10 ha) of the surrounding land to

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ensured peace for two years, but after it expired, fighting resumed between England and France. In 1377 Edward III was succeeded by

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In 1722 Sir Thomas Webster bought the castle. For over a century, Bodiam Castle and its associated manor descended through the

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of the House of Lancaster became king in 1485. Descendants of the Lewknors owned the castle until at least the 16th century.

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identifying it as "Swamp Castle" in the "Tale of Sir Lancelot" sequence. It had previously been used for the filming of

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that it was before 1392; Dalyngrigge did not have long to spend in the completed castle, as he was dead by 1395.

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centuries, there is little to indicate how it was used in this period, or if the family spent much time in it.

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family, high-status guests, the garrisons, and servants. The south range of the castle consisted of the

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Edward Dalyngrigge was a younger son and thus deprived of his father's estates through the practice of

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The devolution of Sir John's estates is traced in 'The Borough of Brighton', in L.F. Salzman (ed.),

1004:: Possible anteroom (on some plans K, L1 and L2 are shown as one room, on some two and others three) 870: 800: 743:

its lands in 1916. Curzon began a programme of investigation at Bodiam in 1919, and with architect

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The main gatehouse of Bodiam Castle with the barbican in front and the Octagon in front of that

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Excerpt from the licence to crenellate allowing Edward Dalyngrigge to build a castle from the

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purchased the castle in 1588. In 1623, most of the estates of Bodiam were bought by Sir

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in 1829. Under his auspices, the castle was partially restored before being sold to

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which has been given protection against unauthorised change. It is also a Grade I

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in the north face of the castle. There is a second entrance from the south; the

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Coulson, Charles (1992), "Some analysis of the Castle of Bodiam, East Sussex",

1445:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)" 2390: 1373:, 2nd Edition (Salt Lake City 2011), III, pp. 18–19: with sources there cited. 1091: 909:. Murder holes were most likely used to drop objects on attackers, similar to 890: 775: 515: 329: 2547: 106: 93: 878: 850: 698: 666: 634: 626: 618: 463: 423: 410:

since 1925, donated by Lord Curzon on his death, and is open to the public.

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Plan of Bodiam Castle. Sections of wall that no longer stand are included:

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The approach to the castle, intended to increase its aesthetic appeal.

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14th century moated castle near Robertsbridge in East Sussex , England

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had been fought between England and France for nearly 50 years.

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in 1381. Edward Dalyngrigge helped Richard II put down the revolt.

417: 364: 2461:"DALLINGRIDGE, Sir Edward (c.1346–1393), of Bodiam castle, Suss." 2356:

Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500

325: 294: 2490:"Bodiam Castle, East Sussex: castle and its designed landscape" 1371:

Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families

697:. Although it is unrecorded when Bodiam Castle was dismantled ( 438:, hence he had to make his own fortunes. By 1378, he owned the 1140: – an elaborate castle well known for its water defences 916:

Just above the gate, there are three coats of arms carved in

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broadcast in 1973. It was later the filming location for the

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Sir Thomas Lewknor, son of Sir Roger, was a supporter of the

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in southeast England. In November 1483, Lewknor's uncle and

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Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516

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The Castle in England and Wales: an Interpretative History

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The castle sits roughly in the middle of the moat. The

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in 1483, Lewknor was accused of treason and of raising

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in East Sussex, England. It was built in 1385 by Sir

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Behind the Castle Gate: From Medieval to Renaissance

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Château Gaillard: Études de castellologie médiévale

1915:"ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions" 285: 267: 240: 232: 224: 214: 207: 197: 186: 178: 167: 162: 154: 144: 139: 122: 85: 30: 2087: 2085: 2083: 1105:Along the east wall is a chapel, a hall, and an 1064:: Gatehouse (with guard rooms to left and right) 478:and son of Edward III. After fighting under the 378:in 1641, Bodiam Castle was in the possession of 2529:"Edward Dallingridge: Builder of Bodiam Castle" 2376:, London: English Heritage and B. T. Batsford, 2307:George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 1970: 1729: 1727: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 537: 363:became king in 1483, a force was despatched to 2149: 2147: 1954: 1952: 1574: 1572: 1535: 1533: 1508: 1506: 1469: 1467: 1280: 1278: 1276: 2050: 2022: 2020: 1999: 1252: 1250: 1189: 1187: 1129:, a South African town named after the Castle 8: 2467:, The History of Parliament Trust 1964–2013 2074: 661:, and was involved in a Royalist defeat at 597:, which began in 1455. When Richard of the 422:A 15th-century depiction of the killing of 2611:Buildings and structures completed in 1385 2287:Creighton, Oliver; Higham, Robert (2003), 685:, showing Bodiam Castle from the northeast 27: 1441:inflation figures are based on data from 2641:National Trust properties in East Sussex 2213: 2201: 2189: 2177: 2165: 2153: 2138: 2115: 2091: 2062: 2026: 2011: 1982: 1958: 1733: 1578: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1524: 1512: 1497: 1485: 1473: 1406: 1394: 1382: 1333: 1309: 1297: 1284: 1256: 1241: 1229: 1217: 1205: 1193: 1178: 932: 913:, or to pour water to extinguish fires. 860: 572:Bodiam Castle was built on a fresh site. 567: 482:, Dalyngrigge joined the company of Sir 2621:Grade I listed buildings in East Sussex 2127: 2103: 2038: 1943: 1321: 1268: 1166: 1159: 625:'s accession to the English throne the 450:. From 1379 to 1388, Dalyngrigge was a 2358:, Macclesfield: Windgather Press Ltd, 1800:from the original on 24 September 2014 1718: 1418: 716:and the renovation of old structures. 2631:Historic house museums in East Sussex 1925:from the original on 23 December 2017 1766:Research records (formerly PastScape) 1700:from the original on 8 September 2023 689:After the Civil War, Powell was made 239: 231: 223: 213: 67: 7: 2425:from the original on 23 January 2021 1745: 1633:from the original on 9 December 2019 1133:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland 2656:Water castles in the United Kingdom 2606:Archaeological sites in East Sussex 2256:Cathcart King, David James (1988), 1896:from the original on 1 January 2010 1604:from the original on 5 October 2014 351:, Sir Thomas Lewknor supported the 2651:Scheduled monuments in East Sussex 2557:from the original on 29 April 2014 2342:from the original on 8 August 2014 1828:National Heritage List for England 1690:filming locations, National Trust" 1623:"The Goodies On Location: Camelot" 1369:D. Richardson, ed. K. Everingham, 14: 2393:(January 1995), "Bodiam Castle", 2234:, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1347:A History of the County of Sussex 392:George Cubitt, 1st Baron Ashcombe 2514:from the original on 21 May 2016 2374:English Heritage Book of Castles 1666:from the original on 29 May 2020 263: 66: 59: 46: 1058:: North-west tower (and prison) 754:Monty Python and the Holy Grail 647:John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet 2661:1385 establishments in England 714:revival in Gothic architecture 1: 2332:Letters, Dr Samantha (2005), 2232:Allen Brown's English Castles 336:family and the centre of the 2338:, List & Index Society, 1849:"Frequently asked questions" 1592:"Bodiam Castle, East Sussex" 1351:pp. 257–58, at notes 305–320 835:castles of Edward I in Wales 2282:, The Boydell Press: 51–108 1971:Creighton & Higham 2003 2682: 1144:List of castles in England 601:ascended to the throne as 18: 2437:Thackray, David (2004) , 2354:Liddiard, Robert (2005), 2314:Johnson, Matthew (2002), 1823:"Bodiam Castle (1044134)" 1762:"Bodiam Castle (414651)" 1360:(British History Online). 683:Samuel and Nathaniel Buck 312:, with the permission of 252: 248: 54: 45: 35: 2230:Allen Brown, R (2004) , 1010:: Possible service rooms 476:Lionel, Duke of Clarence 19:Not to be confused with 2305:Curzon, George (1926), 1654:"The King's Demons ★★★" 1627:The Goodies On Location 1443:Clark, Gregory (2017). 898:inside the passageway. 657:, and led an attack on 495:Treaty of Bruges (1375) 406:. It has been owned by 324:, Bodiam Castle has no 2636:Museums in East Sussex 2626:Grade I listed castles 2616:Castles in East Sussex 2488:Everson, Paul (1996). 2260:, London: Croom Helm, 1086: 944:: Household apartments 866: 825: 816:Location and landscape 725:John 'Mad Jack' Fuller 686: 573: 552: 431: 2580:at the National Trust 2527:Spencer, Dan (2014). 2465:History of Parliament 2459:Woodger, L.S (2020), 2372:McNeill, Tom (1992), 2318:, London: Routledge, 2291:, Shire Archaeology, 2240:10.1017/9781846152429 1786:"Scheduled Monuments" 1169:, pp. 22–23, 28. 936: 864: 857:Exterior and entrance 823: 681:Engraving of 1737 by 680: 571: 460:Edward III of England 421: 308:, a former knight of 2646:Ruins in East Sussex 2412:Medieval Archaeology 1127:Bodiam, Eastern Cape 998:: Retainer's kitchen 534:Construction and use 374:By the start of the 293:) is a 14th-century 2276:Medieval Knighthood 1865:on 11 November 2007 1356:13 May 2016 at the 871:quadrangular castle 801:archaeological site 721:Sir Godfrey Webster 452:Knight of the Shire 446:by marrying into a 382:. He supported the 103: / 2443:The National Trust 2403:Taylor, C (1990), 2118:, pp. 31, 36. 2051:Cathcart King 1988 2041:, pp. 20, 22. 2000:Cathcart King 1988 1652:Mulkern, Patrick. 1439:Retail Price Index 1087: 1046:: South-west tower 1034:: South-east tower 1022:: North-east tower 1016:: Possible stables 867: 826: 797:Scheduled Monument 687: 621:of the castle. On 591:House of Lancaster 574: 524:licence to fortify 456:Hundred Years' War 448:land-owning family 432: 408:The National Trust 404:Scheduled Monument 353:House of Lancaster 318:Hundred Years' War 306:Edward Dalyngrigge 241:Reference no. 173:Edward Dalyngrigge 149:The National Trust 107:51.0023°N 0.5435°E 2452:978-1-84359-090-3 2216:, pp. 52–54. 2204:, pp. 51–52. 2180:, pp. 48–49. 2168:, pp. 44–45. 2106:, pp. 98–99. 2094:, pp. 36–37. 2065:, pp. 32–33. 2014:, pp. 33–34. 1854:Images of England 1566:, pp. 29–30. 1554:, pp. 27–29. 1527:, pp. 26–27. 1488:, pp. 24–25. 1421:, pp. 37–39. 1397:, pp. 21–24. 1385:, pp. 21–22. 1324:, pp. 41–43. 1232:, pp. 9, 11. 1138:Kenilworth Castle 992:: Retainer's hall 839:Caerphilly Castle 788:Robot of Sherwood 782:The King's Demons 759:establishing shot 673:Picturesque ruins 655:English Civil War 653:cause during the 595:Wars of the Roses 376:English Civil War 349:Wars of the Roses 322:quadrangular plan 256: 255: 202:English Civil War 192:English Civil War 2673: 2590:of Bodiam Castle 2589: 2588: 2586:Official website 2566: 2564: 2562: 2556: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2455: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2424: 2409: 2399: 2386: 2368: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2328: 2310: 2301: 2289:Medieval Castles 2283: 2270: 2252: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2078: 2075:Allen Brown 2004 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1986: 1985:, pp. 8–10. 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1861:, archived from 1859:English Heritage 1845: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1819:Historic England 1815: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1805: 1794:English Heritage 1782: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1758:Historic England 1754: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1722: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1682: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1435: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1367: 1361: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1294: 1288: 1282: 1271: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1245: 1244:, pp. 9–10. 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1182: 1176: 1170: 1164: 1082:: Outer causeway 1076:: Outer barbican 1070:: Inner causeway 923:John de Radynden 767:, an episode of 550: 512:Peasants' Revolt 428:Peasants' Revolt 426:, leader of the 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 281: 278: 275: 272: 269: 182:Sandscript stone 140:Site information 135: 118: 117: 115: 114: 113: 108: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 70: 69: 63: 50: 41: 28: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2670: 2596: 2595: 2584: 2583: 2574: 2569: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2531: 2526: 2517: 2515: 2508: 2487: 2483: 2481:Further reading 2478: 2470: 2468: 2458: 2453: 2436: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2407: 2405:"Bodiam Castle" 2402: 2389: 2384: 2371: 2366: 2353: 2345: 2343: 2331: 2326: 2313: 2304: 2299: 2286: 2273: 2268: 2255: 2250: 2229: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2010: 2006: 1998: 1989: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1965: 1957: 1950: 1942: 1938: 1928: 1926: 1919:www.alva.org.uk 1913: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1897: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1868: 1866: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1833: 1831: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1803: 1801: 1784: 1783: 1779: 1770: 1768: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1740: 1736:, pp. 8–9. 1732: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1703: 1701: 1684: 1683: 1679: 1669: 1667: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1636: 1634: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1607: 1605: 1600:, 2 June 2007, 1590: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1504: 1496: 1492: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1465: 1455: 1453: 1442: 1436: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1377: 1368: 1364: 1358:Wayback Machine 1344: 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2120: 2108: 2096: 2079: 2067: 2055: 2053:, p. 149. 2043: 2031: 2016: 2004: 2002:, p. 150. 1987: 1975: 1963: 1948: 1936: 1906: 1890:National Trust 1875: 1840: 1810: 1777: 1749: 1738: 1723: 1721:, p. 155. 1711: 1694:National Trust 1677: 1644: 1614: 1583: 1568: 1556: 1544: 1529: 1517: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1463: 1450:MeasuringWorth 1423: 1411: 1399: 1387: 1375: 1362: 1338: 1326: 1314: 1302: 1289: 1272: 1261: 1246: 1234: 1222: 1210: 1198: 1183: 1171: 1158: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1130: 1122: 1119: 1084: 1083: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1023: 1017: 1011: 1005: 999: 993: 987: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 951: 945: 938: 930: 927: 911:machicolations 858: 855: 817: 814: 812: 809: 734:Baron Ashcombe 710:Webster family 674: 671: 663:Haywards Heath 643:Earl of Thanet 615:Earl of Surrey 584:Horsted Keynes 542: 535: 532: 484:Robert Knolles 472:Free Companies 415: 412: 254: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 238: 237: 234: 230: 229: 226: 222: 221: 215: 212: 211: 209: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 169: 165: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 137: 136: 129:grid reference 126: 124:Grid reference 120: 119: 87: 83: 82: 73: 72: 65: 64: 58: 57: 56: 55: 52: 51: 43: 42: 40:, East Sussex 33: 32: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2678: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2594: 2587: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2513: 2509: 2507:9782902685158 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439:Bodiam Castle 2435: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2396:History Today 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383:0-7134-7025-9 2379: 2375: 2370: 2367: 2365:0-9545575-2-2 2361: 2357: 2352: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2325:0-415-25887-1 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2303: 2300: 2298:0-7478-0546-6 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2269: 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1879: 1876: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1778: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1734:Liddiard 2005 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1712: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1681: 1678: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1648: 1645: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1581:, p. 30. 1580: 1579:Thackray 2004 1575: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564:Thackray 2004 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552:Thackray 2004 1548: 1545: 1542:, p. 27. 1541: 1540:Thackray 2004 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1525:Thackray 2004 1521: 1518: 1515:, p. 26. 1514: 1513:Thackray 2004 1509: 1507: 1503: 1500:, p. 25. 1499: 1498:Thackray 2004 1494: 1491: 1487: 1486:Thackray 2004 1482: 1479: 1476:, p. 24. 1475: 1474:Thackray 2004 1470: 1468: 1464: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1409:, p. 22. 1408: 1407:Thackray 2004 1403: 1400: 1396: 1395:Thackray 2004 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383:Thackray 2004 1379: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1336:, p. 17. 1335: 1334:Thackray 2004 1330: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1315: 1312:, p. 14. 1311: 1310:Thackray 2004 1306: 1303: 1300:, p. 59. 1299: 1298:Thackray 2004 1293: 1290: 1287:, p. 13. 1286: 1285:Thackray 2004 1281: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1262: 1259:, p. 10. 1258: 1257:Thackray 2004 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1242:Thackray 2004 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230:Thackray 2004 1226: 1223: 1219: 1218:Thackray 2004 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206:Thackray 2004 1202: 1199: 1196:, p. 12. 1195: 1194:Thackray 2004 1190: 1188: 1184: 1181:, p. 11. 1180: 1179:Thackray 2004 1175: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 968:: Lord's hall 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Retrieved 2539: 2535: 2516:. Retrieved 2497: 2493: 2469:, retrieved 2464: 2438: 2427:, retrieved 2415: 2411: 2394: 2373: 2355: 2344:, retrieved 2334: 2315: 2306: 2288: 2279: 2275: 2257: 2231: 2223:Bibliography 2222: 2221: 2209: 2197: 2185: 2173: 2161: 2134: 2128:Woodger 2020 2123: 2111: 2104:McNeill 1992 2099: 2070: 2058: 2046: 2039:Johnson 2002 2034: 2007: 1978: 1966: 1944:Coulson 1992 1939: 1927:. Retrieved 1918: 1909: 1898:, retrieved 1884: 1878: 1867:, retrieved 1863:the original 1852: 1843: 1832:, retrieved 1826: 1813: 1802:, retrieved 1789: 1780: 1769:, retrieved 1765: 1752: 1741: 1714: 1702:. Retrieved 1693: 1687: 1680: 1668:. Retrieved 1657: 1647: 1635:. Retrieved 1626: 1617: 1606:, retrieved 1597:The Guardian 1595: 1586: 1559: 1547: 1520: 1493: 1481: 1454:. Retrieved 1448: 1414: 1402: 1390: 1378: 1370: 1365: 1346: 1341: 1329: 1322:McNeill 1992 1317: 1305: 1292: 1269:Letters 2005 1264: 1237: 1225: 1220:, p. 9. 1213: 1208:, p. 7. 1201: 1174: 1167:Johnson 2002 1162: 1154: 1153: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1088: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1052:: West tower 1049: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1028:: East tower 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 1001: 995: 989: 983: 977: 971: 965: 959: 953: 947: 941: 915: 907:murder holes 903:machicolated 900: 887: 875:curtain wall 868: 843: 831: 827: 811:Architecture 793: 786: 780: 774: 768: 763: 752: 750: 745:William Weir 738: 718: 707: 688: 632: 588: 575: 553: 547:Patent Rolls 538: 492: 433: 373: 346: 258: 257: 198:Battles/wars 163:Site history 25: 2578:Information 2536:Ex Historia 2471:15 November 2418:: 155–157, 2391:Saul, Nigel 2346:30 December 1719:Taylor 1990 1670:10 November 1659:Radio Times 1608:29 December 1419:Curzon 1926 1107:antechamber 770:The Goodies 740:Lord Curzon 645:. His son, 607:men-at-arms 603:Richard III 593:during the 528:manor house 488:gold crowns 396:Lord Curzon 388:John Fuller 380:Lord Thanet 357:Richard III 355:, and when 334:Dalyngrigge 110: / 86:Coordinates 2600:Categories 2518:23 October 1704:22 October 1688:Doctor Who 1637:9 December 1296:Quoted in 1150:References 1092:great hall 891:portcullis 837:, such as 776:Doctor Who 719:The third 695:Charles II 549:of 1385–89 507:Parliament 499:Richard II 414:Background 314:Richard II 310:Edward III 233:Designated 187:Demolished 95:51°00′08″N 2548:2041-0824 2542:: 81–98. 2500:: 70–84. 1900:2 January 1869:3 January 1834:3 January 1790:Pastscape 1771:3 January 1746:Saul 1995 1155:Footnotes 986:: Kitchen 974:: Buttery 956:: Chamber 879:gatehouse 851:garderobe 691:a baronet 635:Salehurst 627:attainder 623:Henry VII 619:constable 577:100 464:Aquitaine 424:Wat Tyler 369:Henry VII 219:– Grade I 179:Materials 155:Condition 98:0°32′37″E 2561:28 April 2552:Archived 2512:Archived 2429:28 April 2420:archived 2340:archived 1923:Archived 1894:archived 1798:archived 1698:Archived 1664:Archived 1631:Archived 1602:archived 1354:Archived 1121:See also 980:: Pantry 950:: Chapel 929:Interior 896:vaulting 732:, later 703:barbican 699:slighted 651:Royalist 641:, later 543:— 384:Royalist 133:TQ785256 1804:27 July 1096:postern 883:postern 846:postern 779:serial 764:Camelot 365:besiege 359:of the 244:1044134 2666:Bodiam 2546: 2504: 2449: 2380: 2362: 2322: 2309:, Cape 2295: 2264: 2246: 918:relief 613:, the 468:Calais 444:Bodiam 342:Bodiam 298:castle 295:moated 208:Events 2555:(PDF) 2532:(PDF) 2423:(PDF) 2408:(PDF) 1929:4 May 1456:7 May 659:Lewes 579:marks 562:Brest 520:Sluys 440:manor 338:manor 320:. Of 300:near 190:Post 158:Ruins 145:Owner 2563:2014 2544:ISSN 2520:2015 2502:ISBN 2473:2022 2447:ISBN 2431:2015 2378:ISBN 2360:ISBN 2348:2009 2320:ISBN 2293:ISBN 2262:ISBN 2244:ISBN 1931:2018 1902:2010 1871:2010 1836:2010 1806:2011 1773:2010 1706:2023 1672:2019 1639:2019 1610:2009 1458:2024 526:his 516:cogs 493:The 466:and 402:and 326:keep 171:Sir 2236:doi 1437:UK 693:by 442:of 340:of 2602:: 2550:. 2538:. 2534:. 2510:. 2498:17 2496:. 2492:. 2463:, 2445:, 2441:, 2416:34 2414:, 2410:, 2280:IV 2278:, 2242:, 2146:^ 2082:^ 2019:^ 1990:^ 1951:^ 1921:. 1917:. 1892:, 1888:, 1857:, 1851:, 1825:, 1821:, 1796:, 1792:, 1788:, 1764:, 1760:, 1726:^ 1696:. 1692:. 1662:. 1656:. 1629:. 1625:. 1594:, 1571:^ 1532:^ 1505:^ 1466:^ 1447:. 1426:^ 1275:^ 1249:^ 1186:^ 1014:L2 1008:L1 869:A 841:. 791:. 669:. 530:. 344:. 274:oʊ 2565:. 2540:6 2522:. 2238:: 1933:. 1708:. 1686:" 1674:. 1641:. 1460:. 1080:W 1074:V 1068:U 1062:T 1056:S 1050:R 1044:Q 1038:P 1032:O 1026:N 1020:M 1002:K 996:J 990:I 984:H 978:G 972:F 966:E 960:D 954:C 948:B 942:A 289:/ 286:m 283:ə 280:i 277:d 271:b 268:ˈ 265:/ 261:( 23:.

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