483:
613:
652:. It has a range that is larger than 20,000 km and therefore, its range is too large for this bird to be considered vulnerable under the criterion of range size. Also, the population trends seem to be stable (over the last ten years or three generations) and so, this bird cannot be considered vulnerable under the criterion of population trends. Finally, it is believed that the population size exceeds 10,000 mature individuals and therefore its this bird cannot be considered vulnerable under the criterion of population size.
954:
31:
75:
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50:
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20,000 to 30,000 individuals. It could be found anywhere from the south of the province to
Washington and Oregon. By the mid-20th century, the numbers began declining, and the bird is now extirpated in North America. Other examples of the crested myna's introduction can be seen in Portugal. The bird was discovered breeding around Lisbon, Portugal in 1997. They are now established on both sides of the
392:
primaries are white. The tail feathers also have white tips with the exception of the middle pair. The under-tail coverts are black with a white tip. The adult's eyes are orange, its bill is pale yellow, and its legs are a dull dark yellow. Its bill is slender and very sharp. The males are slightly larger than the females. The female's crest is slightly less well-developed. Otherwise, there is no
552:
421:
spotted on agricultural fields, in orchards and farmyards, near manure piles. It can be seen near plowed fields to take advantage of the invertebrates found in the tilled soil. It is often seen near cattle as it eats the insects around them. It is also commonly distributed in grasslands, fields and at the edge of forests.
533:
Its diet varies seasonally. On average, 40% of the adult bird's diet is meat and 60% is vegetation. However, in
September, the proportion of meat in its diet increases to around 50–60%, where almost half of it is flies. In the winter months, as insects and fruit are less common, the crested myna eats
391:
The crested myna is named after the tuft of feathers that form a crest-like structure on its forehead that covers the bird's nostrils. It is mostly black with a slight green sheen. It has a couple of white wing patches under its wings which are more visible during flight. The tips and the base of the
624:
The first clutch of the season appears during the end of April or during May. Most pairs are double-brooded, which means they will have a second clutch in the same season. The second clutch appears in June to mid-August. The eggs are of a light blue-green color and have a similar shape to that of
620:
The crested mynas build their nests in a variety of places. In a forest, it builds its nest in holes caused by woodpeckers or decay. In urban areas, the nests can be found in chimneys, drains, and crevices among other places. Most nests are built in April or May. Both the male and the female take
537:
Its diet also varies with the life stages of the bird. Juveniles eat proportionally more animal matter than adults
Approximately 75% of their diet is made of meat (50% of which is from insects). Similarly to adult crested mynas, the proportion of insects and fruit that the juveniles eat increases
420:
The crested myna can be found in a wide range of habitats from urban to rural areas. In cities, it can be seen in the eaves of buildings, along roads and alleys, near gardens and parks, in parking lots. It can be found under bridges, in trees, in chimneys, and on roofs. In rural areas, it can be
436:
As a popular cage bird, it is often transported outside of its normal range and, on occasion, can be accidentally released and introduced in a new area. For example, in the late 1800s, it was introduced to
Vancouver, British Columbia. It was able to proliferate and its population grew to around
250:
The crested myna is typically found in open spaces near urban and agricultural areas. It is a popular cage bird and, as a result, has been accidentally released in a few places outside of its usual range. For example, this species was introduced around 1890 into the
Vancouver region of British
411:
are born naked except for of a short gray down found on certain parts of the bird. In about 18 to 20 days, the juveniles become fully covered with brown feathers. The crest is usually not well developed at this stage. Immature crested mynas have blue-gray eyes.
254:
Like many starlings, the crested myna is omnivorous. It will eat a variety of food including worms, grubs, grains, fruit, and even garbage. It is a highly beneficial bird to farmers, as it feeds on insects and does not attack crops.
424:
The range spans from southeastern and central China to northern
Indochina. It is found in the Yangtze valley and the southeastern Jiangxi Province in China. The crested myna has also been recorded in Burma, Taiwan and Hainan.
621:
part in the construction of the nest. To build the nest, the crested mynas have been known to use just about anything they can find from grass to branches to garbage.
636:
The immature crested mynas do not separate from their parents. They typically form small family groups and form a larger flock with others for feeding and traveling.
530:
The crested myna is an omnivorous bird. Although it eats mainly insects, this bird can eat a wide variety of items including fruit, grains, meat, manure and garbage.
1456:
633:. The eggs are incubated for 14 days, after which the fledglings move out of the nest onto a nearby tree or shrub. The parents keep feeding them for about a week.
1521:
1668:
522:. Vocal mimicry of human voices and other yard birds in crested mynas has been reported. However, birds held in captivity were not found to be good mimics.
919:
Banks, Richard C.; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L.; Kratter, Andrew W.; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Remsen, J. V.; Rising, James D. & Stotz, Douglas F. (2005).
404:
is slightly smaller than the nominate subspecies and its bill is greenish-yellow. Its under-tail coverts are white and it has a more developed crest.
1614:
1420:
1469:
400:, has proportionally smaller wings and a smaller bill. The feathers that form the crest are narrower than the ones from the nominate subspecies.
1018:
1008:
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Columbia. It was initially successful, reaching a population in the thousands, however, it has since then gone locally extinct in the area.
1698:
993:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
775:
599:
1119:), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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The crested myna has a wide array of songs and calls, from whistles to warbles to chortles. When alarmed, it emits a raspy
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573:
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74:
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581:
566:
1683:
1645:
1678:
612:
953:
1345:
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was formerly the group of bare-skin faced mynas. Now, the two genera form a new group that keeps the name
1673:
1363:
1034:
645:
327:
169:
1632:
1565:
1250:
Studies on the life cycle of
Brachylaima mesostoma (Rud., 1803) Baer, 1933 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)
976:. Vol. Part 1. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 19, Plate 19.
696:
1337:
1319:
442:
39:
1500:
1324:
942:
921:"Forty-Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds"
271:. He used the English name "Chinese starling or Black Bird". When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist
199:
69:
1182:
Hsieh YC, Chen SH, Wang CW, Lee YF, Chung WC, Tsai MC, Chang TC, Lien YY & Tsai SS. (2005).
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1487:
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771:
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robin eggs. Typically, the clutch size is around 4–6 eggs. Every day, one egg is hatched. The
393:
1120:
1061:
996:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 109.
932:
691:
30:
1578:
1547:
1350:
1038:
1534:
277:
1435:
673:
460:, as well as parts of Japan and Argentina. The Crested myna is called "Martinez" in the
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682:
649:
370:
366:
357:
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59:
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146:
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1143:"A survey of recent introduction events, spread and mitigation efforts of mynas (
247:. It is named after the tuft of feathers on its forehead that resembles a crest.
1513:
1495:
1443:
1304:
551:
461:
1065:
1573:
1184:
Unusual pox lesions found in
Chinese jungle mynahs (Acridotheres cristatellus)
346:
1295:
937:
920:
626:
453:
408:
374:
244:
126:
86:
1228:
The use of
Christmas Bird Count data to monitor populations of exotic birds
1066:"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers"
1599:
1539:
1289:
766:
Feare, C., Craig, A., Croucher, B., Shields, C., Komolphalin, K. (1998).
234:
136:
106:
1619:
1640:
1425:
1332:
1217:
PREENING BEHAVIOR OF GROUP OF MYNA BIRDS, ACRIDOTHERES-CRISTATELLUS(GM)
946:
294:
334:, which included the mynas that had a fully feathered or tufted face.
1448:
1261:
Breeding birds and their nests in street tree strips in Hangzhou city
1208:. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie. vol
457:
449:
317:
meaning "crested" or "plumed". The crested myna is now placed in the
96:
1266:
1141:
Saavedra, S.; Maraver, A.; Anadón, J. D. & Tella, J. L. (2015).
1124:
1399:
496:
1394:
427:
318:
310:
290:
830:"The Crested Myna, Or Chinese Starling, In The Pacific Northwest"
286:
267:
included a picture and a description of the crested myna in his
116:
1270:
667:
665:
545:
1239:
Hyper Mature Cataract in a Crested Myna Leucopsar-Rothschildi
644:
Since 1998, the crested myna has been rated as a species of
1115:
Johnson, S. R. and R. W. Campbell (1995). "Crested Myna" (
448:
The crested myna has also been successfully introduced in
534:
a lot more garbage (representing about 15% of its diet).
326:
that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist
1206:
Introduced and naturalized exotic birds in Argentina
298:. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
1589:
1279:
1173:Pale-bellied Myna Acridotheres cinereus in Sarawak
891:Restall, R.L. (1968). "The Chinese Crested Mynah (
697:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710946A94269013.en
1195:Bird community of inner La Plata City, Argentina
1043:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42.
476:
1040:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire
305:and cited Edwards' work. The specific epithet
8:
1010:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
285:, he placed the crested myna with the other
580:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1267:
770:. London: Christopher Helm Publisher Ltd.
48:
29:
20:
1259:Wang Y-P, Chen S-h & Ding P. (2003).
1013:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 122.
936:
695:
600:Learn how and when to remove this message
611:
330:. It was previously placed in the genus
828:Scheffer, T.H. & Cottam C. (1935).
661:
1111:
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441:to the west of Lisbon and also on the
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1072:. International Ornithologists' Union
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1646:4434E6F4-AB0C-45F6-8590-4ED505579498
1263:. Zoological Research. p. 2003.
1241:. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. vol
1151:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation
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578:adding citations to reliable sources
1669:IUCN Red List least concern species
973:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
683:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
650:IUCN Red List of Endangered Species
360:, 1758) – south and southeast China
269:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1193:Montalti D & Kopij G. (2001).
514:. Other calls include a series of
14:
1248:Tang Z-Z & Tang C-T. (1993).
538:with availability and abundance.
243:native to southeastern China and
1070:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
952:
550:
481:
73:
672:BirdLife International (2016).
263:In 1743 the English naturalist
1175:. Malayan Nature Journal. vol
1:
1252:. Acta Zoologica Sinica. vol
432:A crested myna wades in water
1699:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1147:sp.) in Spain and Portugal"
382:(Hartert, E, 1912) – Taiwan
1715:
1197:. Acta Ornithologica. vol
1007:Jobling, James A. (2010).
373:(off southeast China) and
1579:Acridotheres-cristatellus
1325:Acridotheres_cristatellus
1311:Acridotheres cristatellus
1281:Acridotheres cristatellus
1245:, no 2. pp. 158–159.
1215:Nguyenclausen A. (1975).
1212:, no 2. pp. 191–202.
1201:, no 2. pp. 161–164.
1190:, no 5. pp. 415–417.
1179:, no 4. pp. 355–356.
1171:Gregory-Smith R. (1997).
1117:Acridotheres cristatellus
893:Acridotheres cristatellus
676:Acridotheres cristatellus
226:Acridotheres cristatellus
205:
198:
179:Acridotheres cristatellus
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
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897:The Avicultural Magazine
690:: e.T22710946A94269013.
416:Distribution and habitat
1694:Birds described in 1758
1689:Birds of Southeast Asia
1256:, no 1. pp. 13–18.
1186:. Avian Pathology. vol
640:Status and conservation
1230:. American Birds. vol
1035:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
938:10.1093/auk/122.3.1026
840:: 1–27. Archived from
617:
433:
615:
431:
328:Louis Pierre Vieillot
229:), also known as the
1237:Schmidt RE. (1983).
1064:, eds. (July 2021).
574:improve this section
161:A. cristatellus
1591:Gracula cristatella
768:Starlings and Mynas
303:Gracula cristatella
211:Linnaeus, 1758
208:Gracula cristatella
40:Conservation status
1226:Pranty B. (2001).
1223:, pp. 91–108.
1204:Navas JR. (2002).
1060:; Donsker, David;
834:Technical Bulletin
618:
434:
354:A. c. cristatellus
233:, is a species of
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1273:Taxon identifiers
1234:, pp. 24–28.
1219:. Behaviour. vol
1062:Rasmussen, Pamela
1020:978-1-4081-2501-4
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443:Setúbal Peninsula
398:A. c. brevipennis
396:. The subspecies
394:sexual dimorphism
364:A. c. brevipennis
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380:A. c. formosanus
349:are recognised:
231:Chinese starling
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903:(1): 161–168.
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283:tenth edition
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273:Carl Linnaeus
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237:in the genus
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24:Crested myna
22:
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1674:Acridotheres
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1436:crested-myna
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1145:Acridotheres
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1074:. Retrieved
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842:the original
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572:Please help
560:
542:Reproduction
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499:Crested myna
498:
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472:Vocalization
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340:Acridotheres
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336:Acridotheres
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275:updated his
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148:Acridotheres
147:
18:
1496:NatureServe
1444:iNaturalist
1305:Wikispecies
1058:Gill, Frank
703:19 November
631:altricially
616:A fledgling
462:Philippines
387:Description
307:cristatella
1663:Categories
1606:Q106447783
1574:Xeno-canto
848:2019-11-23
656:References
627:hatchlings
497:Listen to
409:hatchlings
367:Hartert, E
347:subspecies
332:Aethiospar
629:are born
561:does not
467:Behaviour
454:Singapore
375:Indochina
369:, 1910 –
315:cristatus
245:Indochina
155:Species:
137:Sturnidae
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1620:11047419
1600:Wikidata
1501:2.106249
1488:22710946
1462:10857281
1351:22710946
1346:BirdLife
1290:Wikidata
1037:(1816).
990:(1758).
970:(1743).
358:Linnaeus
281:for the
259:Taxonomy
235:starling
200:Synonyms
187:Linnaeus
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1641:ZooBank
1633:1453470
1566:1453468
1426:2489010
1333:Avibase
1296:Q715819
1076:28 July
947:4090620
925:The Auk
648:on the
582:removed
567:sources
295:Gracula
289:in the
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1527:451382
1475:179642
1433:GNAB:
1408:EURING
1400:cremyn
1374:cremyn
1017:
945:
774:
520:creeks
516:chuffs
458:Manila
450:Penang
345:Three
1628:WoRMS
1561:WoRMS
1540:76429
1457:IRMNG
1449:14872
1413:15890
1395:eBird
1371:BOW:
1364:95478
943:JSTOR
512:jaaay
319:genus
311:Latin
309:is a
291:genus
287:mynas
1615:GBIF
1553:1097
1522:NCBI
1483:IUCN
1470:ITIS
1421:GBIF
1387:9KHM
1359:BOLD
1078:2021
1015:ISBN
895:)".
772:ISBN
705:2021
688:2016
565:any
563:cite
526:Diet
407:The
219:The
191:1758
117:Aves
1548:TSA
1509:NBN
1382:CoL
1320:ADW
1232:102
1121:doi
933:doi
929:122
838:476
692:doi
576:by
518:or
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1254:39
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1153:.
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185:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
