1111:
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587:) developed in the cotton and wool textiles industry. Later generations of factories included mechanized shoe production and manufacturing of machinery, including machine tools. After this came factories that supplied the railroad industry included rolling mills, foundries and locomotive works, along with agricultural-equipment factories that produced cast-steel plows and reapers. Bicycles were mass-produced beginning in the 1880s.
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household, developed into a separate endeavor independent to the place of inhabitation with production at that time only beginning to be characteristic of industry, termed as "unfree shop industry", a situation caused especially under the reign of the
Egyptian pharaoh, with slave employment and no differentiation of skills within the slave group comparable to modern definitions as
1275:
340:
The first machine is stated by one source to have been traps used to assist with the capturing of animals, corresponding to the machine as a mechanism operating independently or with very little force by interaction from a human, with a capacity for use repeatedly with operation exactly the same on
708:
facilities. There is some scepticism about the development of the factories of the future if the robotic industry is not matched by a higher technological level of the people who operate it. According to some authors, the four basic pillars of the factories of the future are strategy, technology,
271:
considered production during ancient and medieval times as never warranting classification as factories, with methods of production and the contemporary economic situation incomparable to modern or even pre-modern developments of industry. In ancient times, the earliest production limited to the
582:
Between 1770 and 1850 mechanized factories supplanted traditional artisan shops as the predominant form of manufacturing institution, because the larger-scale factories enjoyed a significant technological and supervision advantage over the small artisan shops. The earliest factories (using the
578:
made necessary by the development of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage. Working hours were as long as they had been for the farmer, that is, from dawn to dusk, six days per week. Overall, this practice essentially reduced skilled and unskilled workers to replaceable
408:
are an industrial complex from the second century AD found in southern France. By the time of the fourth century AD, there was a water-milling installation with a capacity to grind 28 tons of grain per day, a rate sufficient to meet the needs of 80,000 persons, in the Roman Empire.
416:'s 1.5 million population, led to the development of large-scale factory milling installations with higher productivity to feed and support the large growing population. A tenth-century grain-processing factory in the Egyptian town of
687:
on the factory floor, introduced in the late 1970s. These computer-controlled welding arms and grippers could perform simple tasks such as attaching a car door quickly and flawlessly 24 hours a day. This too cut costs and improved
1110:
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of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled laborers and their supervisors and managers still linger on; however an example of a more contemporary approach to handle design applicable to manufacturing facilities can be found in
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2045:
1251:
287:. A source of 1983 (Hopkins), states the largest factory production in ancient times was of 120 slaves within fourth century BC Athens. An article within the New York Times article dated 13 October 2011 states:
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developed, and reinforced their own development through the interactions between factories, as when one factory's output or waste-product became the raw materials of another factory (preferably nearby).
882:
eventually began to dethrone them: the focus of labour, in general, shifted to central-city office towers or to semi-rural campus-style establishments, and many factories stood deserted in local
709:
people and habitability, which would take the form of a kind of "laboratory factories", with management models that allow "producing with quality while experimenting to do it better tomorrow".
1196:
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1776:
Understanding the role of production and craft specialization in ancient socio-economic systems: toward the integration of spatial analysis, 3D modeling and virtual reality in archaeology
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2006), therefore a date for cooperation and factors of demand, by an increased community size and population to make something like factory level production a conceivable necessity.
594:, which began operation in 1836, was one of the earliest factories to use modern materials handling such as cranes and rail tracks through the buildings for handling heavy items.
2414:
Hales, C (1999) "Why do managers do what they do? Reconciling evidence and theory in accounts of managerial processes", British
Journal of Management, v 10 n4, pp. 335–50
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commodities. Arkwright's factory was the first successful cotton spinning factory in the world; it showed unequivocally the way ahead for industry and was widely copied.
2183:
2405:
Christian, Gallope, D (1987) "Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerial processes?" Academy of
Management Review. v 12 n 1, pp. 38–51
1077:
2372:
Thomas, Dublin(1981). "Women at Work: The
Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826–1860: pp. 86–107" New York: Columbia University Press.
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2487:
1422:
2420:
Rodrigues, C (2001) "Fayol's 14 principles then and now: A plan for managing today's organizations effectively", Management
Decision, v 39 n10, pp. 880–89
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just across the national boundaries of industrialized states. Further re-location to the least industrialized nations appears possible as the benefits of
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981:; this action prompted them to further disperse Spitfire production around the country with many premises being requisitioned by the British Government.
845:
grew as factories spread, each clustering around sources of cheap energy, available materials and/or mass markets. The exception proved the rule: even
1177:
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which was able to run at constant speed depending on the number of poles and the current electrical frequency. At first larger motors were added to
2072:
2551:
2408:
Peterson, T (2004) "Ongoing legacy of R.L. Katz: an updated typology of management skills", Management
Decision. v 42 n10, pp. 1297–1308
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1030:
177:, or parts and sub-assemblies which are made into final products elsewhere. Factories may be supplied parts from elsewhere or make them from
1162:
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2423:
Twomey, D. F. (2006) "Designed emergence as a path to enterprise", Emergence, Complexity & Organization, Vol. 8 Issue 3, pp. 12–23
1068:
1877:
1824:
2480:
2340:
Thomas, Dublin(1995). "Transforming Women's Work page: New
England Lives in the Industrial Revolution 77, 118" Cornell University Press.
1902:
1718:
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is one of a number of manufacturing sites built in dispersed locations in times of war to reduce the risk of disruption due to enemy
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2411:
Mintzberg, H (1975) "The manager's job: Folklore and fact", Harvard
Business Review, v 53 n 4, July – August, pp. 49–61
1609:"factory definition, meaning - what is factory in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus – Cambridge Dictionaries Online"
452:
1467:
1447:
650:. Highly specialized laborers situated alongside a series of rolling ramps would build up a product such as (in Ford's case) an
486:
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2566:
2426:
McDonald, G (2000) Business ethics: practical proposals for organisations
Journal of Business Ethics. v 25(2) pp. 169–85
1964:
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encouraged the separate development of industrial suburbs and residential suburbs, with labourers commuting between them.
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freed factories of layout constraints and allowed factory layout to be more efficient. Electrification enabled sequential
1629:
654:. This concept dramatically decreased production costs for virtually all manufactured goods and brought about the age of
117:
and water loading and unloading facilities. In some countries like
Australia, it is common to call a factory building a "
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771:
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In the mid - to late 20th century, industrialized countries introduced next-generation factories with two improvements:
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1510:
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678:
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405:
1711:
The Industrial Revolution in Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England
1430:
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Factory automation with industrial robots for palletizing food products like bread and toast at a bakery in Germany.
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and often with the dual purpose of increasing manufacturing capacity. Before World War II Britain had built many
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609:, but as soon as small horsepower motors became widely available, factories switched to unit drive. Eliminating
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853:, founded in a rural setting, developed their own housing and profited from convenient communications systems.
797:
787:
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455:. The Venice Arsenal apparently produced nearly one ship every day and, at its height, employed 16,000 people.
299:, a cave on the south coast of South Africa where 100,000-year-old tools and ingredients were found with which
56:
20:
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into brass and was turned into pans, pins, wire, and other goods. Housing was provided for workers on site.
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production. Large factories tend to be located with access to multiple modes of transportation, some having
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1649:
677:, whom his home country initially ignored. Quality control turned Japanese factories into world leaders in
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also provides one of the first examples of a factory in the modern sense of the word. Founded in 1104 in
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bombers. Indeed, on 26 September 1940 this facility was completely destroyed by an enemy bombing raid.
2417:
Mintzberg, H (1994) "Rounding out the Managers job", Sloan Management Review, v 36 n 1 pp. 11–26.
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began approximately 1200–1000 BC. However, other sources define machinery as a means of production.
2005:
Cultural development in the Kur River Basin, Iran: an archaeological analysis of settlement patterns
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to accommodate the migrant workers new to the area. The factory system was a new way of organizing
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Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
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further revolutionized the factory concept in the early 20th century, with the innovation of the
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is the person credited with inventing the prototype of the modern factory. After he patented his
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393:
300:
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196:, which usually used natural resources such as water or wind power until those were displaced by
125:
91:
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2157:
A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 3: The Transmission of Power
1734:
Oates, Joan; McMahon, Augusta; Karsgaard, Philip; Quntar, Salam Al; Ur, Jason (September 2007).
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141:
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The rational factory: architecture, technology, and work in America's age of mass production
2087:
2024:
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1380:: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present
1349:
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420:, for example, milled an estimated 300 tons of grain and flour per day. Both watermills and
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or workshops. Early factories that contained small amounts of machinery, such as one or two
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1581:
1448:
Antiquity and Capitalism: Max Weber and the Sociological Foundations of Roman Civilization
1299:
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978:
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theory developed in response to the need to control factory processes. Assumptions on the
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792:
670:
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598:
535:
531:
444:
330:... the utilization of machines presupposes social cooperation and the division of labour
155:
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1873:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures
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137:
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2099:
2073:"What Do Bosses Do?: The Origins and Functions of Hierarchy in Capitalist Production"
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was vulnerable to enemy attack as a high-profile target and was well within range of
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479:
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106:
95:
64:
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204:, and paper manufacturing were originally powered by water, the term survives as in
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a building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are made using machines
296:
227:) for production of safety matches. Originally built in 1915 for the business firm
197:
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2008:
1690:
Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History
3027:
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1930:
1816:
Grzymski, K. (2008). Book review: The Nubian pharaohs: Black kings on the Nile.
1506:
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28:
2206:"What are the significant trends shaping technology relevant to manufacturing?"
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describes a water-driven wheel in his technical treatises. Factories producing
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Archaeology provides a date for the earliest city as 5000 BC as Tell Brak (Ur
261:
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32:
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meant that they typically grew up in an urban setting or fostered their own
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were other prominent early industrialists, who employed the factory system.
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280:
268:
249:
193:
102:
36:
291:"In African Cave, Signs of an Ancient Paint Factory" – (John Noble Wilford)
220:
2360:
The Magic of a Name – The Rolls-Royce Story – The First 40 Years
1274:
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Some speculation as to the future of the factory includes scenarios with
602:
571:
527:
491:
421:
374:
360:
224:
133:
98:, and fewer than a dozen workers have been called "glorified workshops".
2465:
1903:"Factory for Romans' favorite funky fish sauce discovered near Ashkelon"
2776:
1382:. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
1183:
1005:
523:
519:
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200:
in the 19th century. Because many processes like spinning and weaving,
114:
1468:
Ancient Households of the Americas: Conceptualizing What Households Do
59:
facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with
3007:
2691:
2454:
1672:
Greenwood Publishing Group, 30 September 2006 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1053:
1037:
1000:, the need for increased output was met by building new factories in
546:
432:
2455:"Work Spaces: From the Early–Modern Workshop to the Modern Factory"
1965:
A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900
105:
or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for
2204:
Dickens, Phill; Kelly, Michael; Williams, John R. (October 2013).
1403:
Hozdić, Elvis (2015). "Smart Factory for Industry 4.0: A review".
1187:
997:
984:
Connected to the Spitfire was production of its equally important
897:
plants) in the late 20th century re-focussed in many instances on
838:
807:
716:
701:
634:
511:
485:
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412:
The large population increase in medieval Islamic cities, such as
397:
381:
proving that as early as 2000 BC Kerma was a large urban capital.
378:
342:
308:
304:
284:
255:
239:
214:
76:
1967:
Courier Dover Publications, 24 March 1993 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1648:
E Bautista Paz, M Ceccarelli, J Echávarri Otero, JL Muñoz Sanz –
878:
Though factories dominated the Industrial Era, the growth in the
19:
This article is about places of manufacture. For other uses, see
2255:
Sisteplant Publishers, 2018. ISBN 978-84-09-02350-9 (in Spanish)
868:
833:
118:
2469:
2987:
2266:"El escéptico de la Industria 4.0: 'Personas frente a robots'"
185:
to transform streams of raw materials into finished products.
82:
Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the
1563:
University of California Press, 1983 Retrieved 12 July 2012
601:
of factories began around 1900 after the development of the
545:
The factory system began widespread use somewhat later when
373:
Archaeologist Bonnet, unearthed the foundations of numerous
2437:
2153:
Hunter, Louis C.; Bryant, Lynwood; Bryant, Lynwood (1991).
1692:
Taylor & Francis, 12 April 2006 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1544:(secondary) (E.Hughes ed) Oxford Companion to Philosophy –
1470:
O'Reilly Media, Inc., 15 April 2012 Retrieved 12 July 2012
71:
each item into another. They are a critical part of modern
2021:
Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology
1405:
International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies
909:
and the lessons of flexible location apply in the future.
1985:
Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History
181:. Continuous production industries typically use heat or
1936:
A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times
1736:"Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north"
893:. Manufacturing processes (or their logical successors,
279:
According to translations of Demosthenes and Herodotus,
16:
Facility where goods are industrially made, or processed
283:
was a, or the only, factory in the entirety of ancient
1650:
A Brief Illustrated History of Machines and Mechanisms
1632:
Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007 Retrieved 2012-07-12
824:, factories' needs for ever-greater concentrations of
2461:. Mainz: Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG).
889:
The next blow to the traditional factories came from
144:. Factories manufacturing chemicals are often called
1582:"In African Cave, Signs of an Ancient Paint Factory"
1490:
Transaction Publishers, 1981 Retrieved 12 July 2012
3041:
2960:
2504:
2335:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 1
2124:
Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution
1822:, Online Publications: Book Review. Retrieved from
424:were widely used in the Islamic world at the time.
2377:
2154:
2121:
1513:Whittaker and Company, 1868 Retrieved 12 July 2012
592:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company's Bridgewater Foundry
570:, England, significantly expanding the village of
392:some time before 350 BC. In the third century BC,
1450:Routledge, 25 April 1991 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1222:Space station modules being manufactured in the
162:, pumps and piping – outdoors and operated from
2161:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: MIT Press.
328:
320:
289:
1987:MIT Press, 1 July 1991 Retrieved 12 July 2012
514:, operational by 1721. By 1746, an integrated
2481:
1652:Springer, 12 May 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2012
79:being created or processed within factories.
8:
2362:. Cambridge, England. Icon Books Ltd, 2000.
2347:. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986.
90:and space requirements became too great for
2228:"The Future of Zero-Gravity Living Is Here"
2182:Bob Casey, John & Horace Dodge (2010).
2047:SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS AND CASES
1925:
1923:
2488:
2474:
2466:
673:, pioneered by the American mathematician
1901:Borschel-Dan, Amanda (16 December 2019).
1779:(MA). University of California San Diego.
1556:(P Garnsey, K Hopkins, C. R. Whittaker)
2128:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
27:
1535:John Murray 1862 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1367:
1206:rockets being manufactured at the NASA
1026:
863:'s factory-based society, labourers of
526:. Raw material went in at one end, was
170:have most of their equipment outdoors.
150:and may have most of their equipment –
3105:Manufacturing buildings and structures
1855:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1848:
1580:John Noble Wilford (13 October 2011).
2448:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
2080:Review of Radical Political Economics
1878:Springer Science & Business Media
1008:and using a purpose-built factory of
859:curbed some of the worst excesses of
7:
2251:(Man and Technology: 4.0 and beyond)
2044:ALTEKAR, RAHUL V. (1 January 2005).
1466:(secondary) JG Douglas, N Douglas –
1257:Airplanes being manufactured at the
1241:for secondary steelmaking, inside a
1237:A ladle pouring molten steel into a
219:Reconstructed historical factory in
3100:Industrial buildings and structures
2071:Marglin, Stephen A. (1 July 1974).
2007:University of Pennsylvania., 1972
977:had already established a plant at
774:also called the Bridgewater Foundry
439:, several hundred years before the
341:every occasion of functioning. The
124:Factories may either make discrete
75:, with the majority of the world's
2384:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2345:The Spitfire Story: Second edition
713:Historically significant factories
502:One of the earliest factories was
14:
1796:. Psychology Press. p. 318.
1224:Space Station Processing Facility
101:Most modern factories have large
3043:
3042:
2213:Government Office for Science UK
1273:
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1215:
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1161:
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1029:
963:at its parent company's base at
721:Highland Park Ford plant, c. 192
67:items or operate machines which
1819:American Journal of Archaeology
1071:textile factory, built in 1799.
2249:Hombre y Tecnología: 4.0 y más
2226:Fishman, Charles (June 2017).
901:in developing countries or on
318:definition of factory states:
1:
2272:(in Spanish). 13 October 2014
1963:TK Derry, (TI Williams ed) –
1281:Business and economics portal
1171:'s Assembly line (about 2005)
1116:Workers in the fuse factory,
928:Socio-Technical Systems (STS)
353:
346:
264:watermill, UK (14th century).
1560:Trade in the Ancient Economy
1423:"What Are Industrial Sheds?"
867:leading the way in Britain.
772:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
2567:Counterproductive behaviour
2453:Uhl, Karsten (2 May 2016).
2337:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
2184:"Henry Ford and Innovation"
1773:Knabb, Kyle Andrew (2008).
406:Barbegal aqueduct and mills
316:Cambridge Online Dictionary
192:originally referred to the
3128:
2092:10.1177/048661347400600206
1375:Landes, David. S. (1969).
1156:Tool & Die works, 1944
1132:The assembly plant of the
937:
628:
468:
462:
18:
2120:Musson; Robinson (1969).
2050:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
1752:10.1017/S0003598X00095600
1355:Powerhouse (instrumental)
1330:List of production topics
1134:Bell Aircraft Corporation
812:A factory worker in 1942
752:Slater Mill Historic Site
173:Discrete products may be
3069:Aspects of organizations
2717:Hostile work environment
2333:Needham, Joseph (1986).
2299:Bournville Village Trust
1488:General Economic History
1290:British shadow factories
996:facility was located at
940:British shadow factories
798:Stalingrad Tractor Plant
788:Ford River Rouge Complex
783:Highland Park Ford Plant
778:Baldwin Locomotive Works
562:in 1769, he established
21:Factory (disambiguation)
3054:Aspects of corporations
2842:Quality of working life
2532:Artificial intelligence
2459:European History Online
2445:Encyclopædia Britannica
2320:Pugh 2000, pp. 192-198.
1870:Selin, Helaine (2013).
1790:Gates, Charles (2003).
681:and production quality.
508:water-powered silk mill
3064:Aspects of occupations
2292:"The Bournville Story"
2010:Retrieved 12 July 2012
1709:Mantoux, Paul (2000).
1378:The Unbound Prometheus
1310:Factory (trading post)
1259:Boeing Everett Factory
1208:Michoud rocket factory
899:Special Economic Zones
849:factory sites such as
817:
747:Portsmouth Block Mills
722:
675:William Edwards Deming
640:
499:
483:
388:was first made in the
338:
324:
293:
265:
253:
232:
40:
3110:Industrial Revolution
2802:Performance appraisal
2552:Computer surveillance
2376:Biggs, Lindy (1996).
1907:www.timesofisrael.com
1511:Demosthenes, Volume 2
1325:Industrial Revolution
1140:, United States, 1944
965:Woolston, Southampton
913:Governing the factory
820:Before the advent of
811:
720:
638:
534:in Staffordshire and
489:
478:
471:Industrial Revolution
459:Industrial Revolution
441:Industrial Revolution
259:
243:
218:
130:continuously produced
84:Industrial Revolution
31:
3095:Manufacturing plants
2947:Workplace harassment
2937:Work–family conflict
2652:Employee recognition
2232:Smithsonian Magazine
1943:. pp. 163–166.
1713:. Harper & Row.
1532:History of Herodotus
1239:Basic Oxygen Furnace
1138:Wheatfield, New York
961:Supermarine Spitfire
767:Harpers Ferry Armory
490:Working day ends at
2817:Positive psychology
2712:Health surveillance
2642:Employee monitoring
2637:Employee experience
2632:Employee engagement
2627:Employee assistance
2612:Effects of overtime
2517:Abusive supervision
2311:Price 1986, p. 115.
2019:Adam Lucas (2006),
1509:, Robert Whiston –
822:mass transportation
400:were common in the
352:, the spoked wheel
301:early modern humans
73:economic production
49:manufacturing plant
2847:Queen bee syndrome
1837:on 5 November 2014
1670:Ancient Technology
1630:Theory and History
1587:The New York Times
1345:Plant layout study
1320:Industrial railway
1245:factory in Germany
1184:Danisco Sweeteners
986:Rolls-Royce Merlin
959:Production of the
871:, automobiles and
818:
804:Siting the factory
762:Springfield Armory
723:
679:cost-effectiveness
641:
500:
484:
453:manufactured parts
437:Republic of Venice
394:Philo of Byzantium
295:... discovered at
274:division of labour
266:
254:
233:
229:Wittenberg and son
132:material, such as
41:
3082:
3081:
2807:Personality clash
2752:Kiss up kick down
2391:978-0-8018-5261-9
1433:on 10 March 2020.
1084:Adolph von Menzel
1056:, interior (2011)
1040:, exterior (2011)
861:industrialization
814:Fort Worth, Texas
694:rapid prototyping
685:Industrial robots
556:Richard Arkwright
498:, Finland in 1909
160:chemical reactors
3117:
3046:
3045:
2762:Machiavellianism
2707:Health promotion
2662:Employee surveys
2657:Employee silence
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2462:
2449:
2441:
2395:
2383:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2127:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2077:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2041:
2035:
2025:Brill Publishers
2017:
2011:
2001:
1995:
1981:
1975:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1830:. Archived from
1829:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1746:(313): 585–600.
1731:
1725:
1724:
1706:
1700:
1686:
1680:
1666:
1660:
1646:
1640:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1577:
1571:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1527:George Rawlinson
1520:
1514:
1504:
1498:
1484:
1478:
1464:
1458:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1429:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1372:
1350:Software factory
1315:Industrial robot
1283:
1278:
1277:
1254:
1234:
1219:
1202:First stages of
1199:
1190:, Finland (2015)
1180:
1165:
1152:Interior of the
1149:
1129:
1118:Woolwich Arsenal
1113:
1098:
1088:Moderne Cyklopen
1080:
1069:Coldharbour Mill
1065:
1049:
1033:
954:shadow factories
934:Shadow factories
816:, United States.
742:Soho Manufactory
727:Venetian Arsenal
552:was mechanized.
540:Soho Manufactory
358:
355:
351:
348:
336:
260:Interior of the
246:Venetian Arsenal
244:Entrance to the
194:milling of grain
156:pressure vessels
128:or some type of
92:cottage industry
63:, where workers
53:production plant
3127:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3059:Aspects of jobs
3037:
2998:Labour movement
2956:
2897:Toxic workplace
2867:Robotics safety
2797:Parkinson's law
2787:Office politics
2772:Micromanagement
2647:Employee morale
2617:Emotional labor
2602:Divide and rule
2577:Culture of fear
2500:
2494:
2452:
2436:
2433:
2402:
2400:Further reading
2392:
2375:
2343:Price, Alfred.
2330:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2140:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2018:
2014:
2002:
1998:
1982:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1880:. p. 282.
1869:
1868:
1864:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1825:"Archived copy"
1823:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1663:
1647:
1643:
1624:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1521:
1517:
1505:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1442:
1438:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1235:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1191:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1130:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1052:Zeche Ewald in
1050:
1041:
1036:Zeche Ewald in
1034:
1025:
1010:Ford of Britain
979:Castle Bromwich
942:
936:
915:
806:
793:Hawthorne Works
715:
671:quality control
648:mass production
633:
627:
599:electrification
536:Matthew Boulton
532:Josiah Wedgwood
518:was working at
482:as it is today.
473:
467:
461:
377:in the city of
356:
349:
337:
334:
238:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3079:
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3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
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3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Discrimination
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2450:
2432:
2431:External links
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
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2418:
2415:
2412:
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2257:
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2218:
2196:
2191:The Henry Ford
2174:
2167:
2145:
2138:
2112:
2086:(60): 60–112.
2063:
2056:
2036:
2012:
1996:
1976:
1956:
1949:
1919:
1893:
1886:
1862:
1809:
1802:
1782:
1765:
1726:
1720:978-0061310799
1719:
1701:
1681:
1668:JW Humphrey –
1661:
1641:
1618:
1600:
1572:
1549:
1537:
1515:
1499:
1479:
1459:
1436:
1427:Asset Building
1414:
1395:
1388:
1366:
1365:
1363:
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1342:
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1305:Factory system
1302:
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1028:
1024:
1021:
946:shadow factory
944:In Britain, a
938:Main article:
935:
932:
914:
911:
880:service sector
805:
802:
801:
800:
795:
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785:
780:
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769:
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729:
714:
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698:nanotechnology
690:
689:
682:
629:Main article:
626:
623:
585:factory system
465:Factory system
463:Main article:
460:
457:
449:assembly lines
429:Venice Arsenal
390:Persian Empire
357: 2000 BC
350: 3000 BC
332:
237:
234:
168:Oil refineries
138:pulp and paper
96:spinning mules
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3122:
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3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3034:
3033:Whistleblower
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Strike action
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
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2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Role conflict
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Relationships
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2800:
2798:
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2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
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2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
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2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
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2658:
2655:
2653:
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2648:
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2640:
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2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
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2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:Control freak
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
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2513:
2510:
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2507:
2503:
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2393:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:1-84046-151-9
2365:
2361:
2358:Pugh, Peter.
2357:
2354:
2353:0-85368-861-3
2350:
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2200:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2168:0-262-08198-9
2164:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2139:9780802016379
2135:
2131:
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2113:
2101:
2097:
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2085:
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2057:9788120328594
2053:
2049:
2048:
2040:
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2034:
2033:90-04-14649-0
2030:
2026:
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2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1950:9781317761570
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1887:9789401714167
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1699:
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1688:WJ Hamblin –
1685:
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1659:
1655:
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1614:
1613:cambridge.org
1610:
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832:. Industrial
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2747:Kick the cat
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2527:Anti-pattern
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3028:Trade union
3018:Remote work
2993:Job sharing
2968:Corporation
2917:Undermining
2837:Psychopathy
2687:Goofing off
2682:Generations
2667:Empowerment
2512:Absenteeism
2496:Aspects of
1912:18 December
1841:17 December
1626:L von Mises
1507:Demosthenes
1411:(1): 28–35.
1186:factory in
994:aero engine
990:Rolls-Royce
975:Supermarine
923:hierarchies
669:methods of
667:statistical
656:consumerism
619:relay logic
611:line shafts
607:line shafts
560:water frame
494:factory in
326:elsewhere:
198:steam power
183:electricity
175:final goods
86:, when the
65:manufacture
35:factory in
3089:Categories
3074:Employment
2973:Employment
2782:Narcissism
2732:Inequality
2727:Incivility
2702:Harassment
2672:Evaluation
2607:Drug tests
2522:Aggression
2498:workplaces
2328:References
2105:2 February
1993:0262660725
1983:A Pacey –
1973:0486274721
1698:0415255880
1678:0313327637
1658:9048125111
1638:1933550198
1593:14 October
1569:0520048032
1496:0878556907
1486:M Weber –
1476:1457117444
1456:0415047501
1243:steel mill
1120:late 1800s
1102:New Lanark
1017:Manchester
919:management
884:rust belts
857:Regulation
851:Bournville
847:greenfield
652:automobile
644:Henry Ford
615:automation
568:Derbyshire
516:brass mill
504:John Lombe
469:See also:
262:Lyme Regis
210:paper mill
206:steel mill
103:warehouses
57:industrial
33:Volkswagen
3047:Templates
2832:Profanity
2827:Probation
2767:Menopause
2757:Listening
2697:Happiness
2597:Diversity
2582:Democracy
2572:Coworking
2100:153641564
2023:, p. 65,
1941:Routledge
1760:0003-598X
1740:Antiquity
1523:Herodotus
970:Luftwaffe
950:air-raids
826:labourers
665:Advanced
576:workforce
447:ships on
422:windmills
386:watermill
375:workshops
335:von Mises
303:mixed an
281:Naucratis
269:Max Weber
250:Canaletto
188:The term
134:chemicals
61:machinery
39:, Germany
37:Wolfsburg
2961:See also
2952:Workwear
2942:Workload
2932:Wellness
2922:Violence
2912:Turnover
2907:Training
2887:Strategy
2877:Sabotage
2852:Rat race
2792:Overwork
2622:Emotions
2587:Deviance
2557:Conflict
2537:Bullying
1933:(2013).
1851:cite web
1267:See also
1204:Saturn V
992:'s main
988:engine,
917:Much of
895:assembly
843:railways
603:AC motor
572:Cromford
550:spinning
492:Tampella
361:Iron Age
333:—
225:Slovakia
126:products
2978:Factory
2927:Virtual
2862:Revenge
2822:Privacy
2777:Mobbing
2547:Culture
2542:Climate
2301:. 2010.
2270:ELMUNDO
1335:Lockout
1169:Hyundai
1023:Gallery
1006:Glasgow
706:gravity
702:orbital
538:at his
528:smelted
524:Bristol
520:Warmley
496:Tampere
418:Bilbays
414:Baghdad
307:-based
252:, 1732.
236:History
212:, etc.
115:highway
88:capital
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2892:Stress
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2742:Jargon
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2505:Topics
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700:, and
688:speed.
617:using
547:cotton
451:using
433:Venice
404:. The
368:et al.
359:. The
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147:plants
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2722:Humor
2295:(PDF)
2209:(PDF)
2187:(PDF)
2096:S2CID
2076:(PDF)
1835:(PDF)
1828:(PDF)
1362:Notes
1188:Kotka
1154:Rouge
1002:Crewe
998:Derby
869:Trams
834:slums
704:zero-
566:, in
522:near
512:Derby
443:, it
398:garum
379:Kerma
343:wheel
309:paint
305:ochre
285:Egypt
152:tanks
77:goods
2386:ISBN
2364:ISBN
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2278:2023
2163:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2107:2019
2052:ISBN
2029:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1914:2019
1882:ISBN
1857:link
1843:2014
1798:ISBN
1756:ISSN
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