1010:) was written to commemorate Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. The poem refers to John and Blanche in allegory as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (1318–1319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948–949). The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond. These references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. "White" is the English translation of the French word "blanche", implying that the white lady was Blanche of Lancaster.
937:
1085:
2413:, corrected and revised by Timothy Thomas. The glossary appended was also mainly compiled by Thomas. The text of Urry's edition has often been criticised by subsequent editors for its frequent conjectural emendations, mainly to make it conform to his sense of Chaucer's metre. The justice of such criticisms should not obscure his achievement. His is the first edition of Chaucer in nearly a hundred and fifty years to consult any manuscripts. Additionally, it is the first since that of William Thynne in 1534 to seek systematically to assemble a substantial number of manuscripts to establish his text. It is also the first edition to offer descriptions of the manuscripts of Chaucer's works, and the first to print texts of 'Gamelyn' and 'The Tale of Beryn', works ascribed to, but not by, Chaucer."
1394:
512:
2373:, or else there never was any. And that, all his works almost, if they be thoroughly advised, will testify (albeit done in mirth, and covertly); and especially the latter end of his third book of the Testament of Love … Wherein, except a man be altogether blind, he may espy him at the full: although in the same book (as in all others he useth to do), under shadows covertly, as under a visor, he suborneth truth in such sort, as both privily she may profit the godly-minded, and yet not be espied of the crafty adversary. And therefore the bishops, belike, taking his works but for jests and toys, in condemning other books, yet permitted his books to be read."
75:
917:
1961:
5302:
5748:
2423:
2902:
823:
2003:'s a mere six years later. Thynne had a successful career from the 1520s until his death in 1546 as chief clerk of the kitchen of Henry VIII, one of the masters of the royal household. He spent years comparing various versions of Chaucer's works and selected 41 pieces for publication. While there were questions over the authorship of some of the material, there is no doubt that this was the first comprehensive view of Chaucer's work.
456:
2663:
5271:
2986:, revealing that "raptus" referred to the illegal transfer of service from Staundon's household to Chaucer's and that the case was a labour dispute in which Chaucer and Chaumpaigne were co-defendants. Roger and Prescott commented that "the carefully curated, small-scale world of literary manuscripts...is far removed from the vast scale of government archives... demonstrates that there is more to be found".
1037:, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes that she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). Chaucer retorts, "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends.
305:
5259:
2916:
1206:
2084:. As "Chaucerian" works that were not considered apocryphal until the late 19th century, these medieval texts enjoyed a new life, with English Protestants carrying on the earlier Lollard project of appropriating existing texts and authors who seemed sympathetic—or malleable enough to be construed as sympathetic—to their cause. The official Chaucer of the early printed volumes of his
2930:
2232:
maketh to his empty purse, I do find a written copy, which I had of Iohn Stow (whose library hath helped many writers) wherein ten times more is adioined, then is in print. Where he maketh great lamentation for his wrongfull imprisonment, wishing death to end his daies: which in my iudgement doth greatly accord with that in the
Testament of Loue. Moreouer we find it thus in Record.
2031:
2369:"marvel to consider … how the bishops, condemning and abolishing all manner of English books and treatises which might bring the people to any light of knowledge, did yet authorise the works of Chaucer to remain still and to be occupied; who, no doubt, saw into religion as much almost as even we do now, and uttereth in his works no less, and seemeth to be a right
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2378:
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and authors, which before lay hid and unknown. The science of printing being found, immediately followed the grace of God; which stirred up good wits aptly to conceive the light of knowledge and judgment: by which light darkness began to be espied, and ignorance to be detected; truth from error, religion from superstition, to be discerned."
2178:
1440:, admired Chaucer for his stories but not for his rhythm and rhyme, as few critics could then read Middle English and the text had been butchered by printers, leaving a somewhat unadmirable mess. It was not until the late 19th century that the official Chaucerian canon, accepted today, was decided upon, largely as a result of
2225:
Richard the second, the King tooke
Geffrey Chaucer and his lands into his protection. The occasion wherof no doubt was some daunger and trouble whereinto he was fallen by favouring some rash attempt of the common people." Under the discussion of Chaucer's friends, namely John of Gaunt, Speght further explains:
1076:, "now I beg all those that listen to this little treatise, or read it, that if there be anything in it that pleases them, they thank our Lord Jesus Christ for it, from whom proceeds all understanding and goodness.", though he was aware that as in any place some people in the church were venal and corrupt.
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of the customs for the port of London, which he began on 8 June 1374. He must have been suited for the role as he continued in it for twelve years, a long time in such a post at that time. His life goes undocumented for much of the next ten years, but it is believed that he wrote (or began) most
2393:
It is significant, too, that Foxe's discussion of
Chaucer leads into his history of "The Reformation of the Church of Christ in the Time of Martin Luther" when "Printing, being opened, incontinently ministered unto the church the instruments and tools of learning and knowledge; which were good books
2231:
Yet it seemeth that was in some trouble in the daies of King
Richard the second, as it may appeare in the Testament of Loue: where hee doth greatly complaine of his owne rashnesse in following the multitude, and of their hatred against him for bewraying their purpose. And in that complaint which he
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set the precedent for all other
English authors regarding presentation, prestige and success in print. These editions certainly established Chaucer's reputation, but they also began the complicated process of reconstructing and frequently inventing Chaucer's biography and the canonical list of works
977:
Chaucer died of unknown causes on 25 October 1400, although the only evidence for this date comes from the engraving on his tomb, which was erected more than 100 years after his death. There is some speculation that he was murdered by enemies of
Richard II or even on the orders of his successor
3081:
The extraordinary dominance of
English now as a world language has made it hard to appreciate that its status in the medieval period was very low. Not only was English just one of three languages used in England before the 15th century, it was not the major one. Although it was, of course, the most
1995:
under Henry VIII for about twenty years, was the first to collect and sell something that resembled an edition of the collected works of
Chaucer; however, in the process, he introduced five previously printed texts that are now known not to be Chaucer's. (The collection is actually three separately
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The myth of the
Protestant Chaucer continues to have a lasting impact on a large body of Chaucerian scholarship. Though it is extremely rare for a modern scholar to suggest Chaucer supported a religious movement that did not exist until more than a century after his death, the predominance of this
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to assemble a largely fictional "Life of Our
Learned English Poet, Geffrey Chaucer". Speght's "Life" presents readers with an erstwhile radical in troubled times much like their own, a proto-Protestant who eventually came round to the king's views on religion. Speght states, "In the second year of
1980:
published in 1478 and 1483. Caxton's second printing, by his own account, came about because a customer complained that the printed text differed from a manuscript he knew; Caxton obligingly used the man's manuscript as his source. Both Caxton editions carry the equivalent of manuscript authority.
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produced the first edition of the complete works of Chaucer in a Latin font, published posthumously in 1721. According to the editors, several tales were printed, and for the first time, a biography of Chaucer, a glossary of old English words, and testimonials of author writers concerning Chaucer
965:
Richard II granted him an annual pension of 20 pounds in 1394 (equivalent to £22,034 in 2023), and Chaucer's name fades from the historical record not long after Richard's overthrow in 1399. The last few records of his life show his pension renewed by the new king and his taking a lease on a
978:
Henry IV, but the case is entirely circumstantial. Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey in London, as was his right owing to his status as a tenant of the Abbey's close. In 1556, his remains were transferred to a more ornate tomb, making him the first writer interred in the area now known as
466:
Chaucer was born in London, most likely in the early 1340s (by some accounts, including his monument, he was born in 1343), though the precise date and location remain unknown. The Chaucer family offers an extraordinary example of upward mobility. His great-grandfather was a tavern keeper, his
486:
In 1324, his father, John Chaucer, was kidnapped by an aunt in the hope of marrying the 12-year-old to her daughter in an attempt to keep the property in Ipswich. The aunt was imprisoned and fined £250, now equivalent to about £200,000, which suggests that the family was financially secure.
1059:
states three times in her response to the plaintiff, "And also, you still have your best friend alive" (32, 40, 48); she also refers to his "beste frend" in the envoy when appealing to his "noblesse" to help Chaucer to a higher estate. The narrator makes a fifth reference when he rails at
2057:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Chaucer was printed more than any other English author, and he was the first author to have his works collected in comprehensive single-volume editions in which a Chaucer canon began to cohere. Some scholars contend that 16th-century editions of Chaucer's
788:, 1374, when artistic endeavours were traditionally rewarded, it is assumed to have been for another early poetic work. It is not known which, if any, of Chaucer's extant works prompted the reward, but the suggestion of him as a poet to a king places him as a precursor to later
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and father of Henry IV, and he served under Lancaster's patronage. Near the end of their lives, Lancaster and Chaucer became brothers-in-law when Lancaster married Katherine Swynford (de Roet) in 1396; she was the sister of Philippa (de) Roet, whom Chaucer had married in 1366.
696:
on 20 June 1367, a position which could entail a wide variety of tasks. His wife also received a pension for court employment. He travelled abroad many times, at least some of them in his role as a valet. In 1368, he may have attended the wedding of Lionel of Antwerp to
1928:
Chaucer's original audience was a courtly one and would have included women as well as men of the upper social classes. Yet even before his death in 1400, Chaucer's audience had begun to include members of the rising literate, middle and merchant classes. This included many
800:
of his famous works during this period. Chaucer's "only surviving handwriting" dates from this period. This is a request for temporary leave from work presented to King Richard II, hitherto believed to be the work of one of his subordinates due to the low level of language.
1855:"The language of England, upon which Chaucer was the first to confer celebrity, has amply justified the foresight which led him to disdain all others for its sake, and, in turn, has conferred an enduring celebrity upon him who trusted his reputation to it without reserve."
551:, and the position brought the teenage Chaucer into the close court circle, where he was to remain for the rest of his life. He also worked as a courtier, a diplomat, and a civil servant, as well as working for the king from 1389 to 1391 as Clerk of the King's Works.
753:, the forms and stories of which he would use later. The purposes of a voyage in 1377 are mysterious, as details within the historical record conflict. Later documents suggest it was a mission, along with Jean Froissart, to arrange a marriage between the future King
4627:"Chawcer undoubtedly did excellently in his Troilus and Creseid: of whome trulie I knowe not whether to mervaile more, either that hee in that mistie time could see so clearly, or that wee in this cleare age, goe so stumblingly after him." The text can be found at
1920:
The large number of surviving manuscripts of Chaucer's works is testimony to the enduring interest in his poetry prior to the arrival of the printing press. There are 83 surviving manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales (in whole or part) alone, along with sixteen of
2444:, who founded the Chaucer Society in 1868, pioneered the establishment of diplomatic editions of Chaucer's primary texts, along with careful accounts of Chaucer's language and prosody. Walter William Skeat, who, like Furnivall, was closely associated with the
534:
are practically non-existent, since Chaucer was a public servant, his official life is very well documented, with nearly five hundred written items testifying to his career. The first of the "Chaucer Life Records" appears in 1357, in the household accounts of
2731:, not usually doubted as Chaucer's work, in addition to Chaucer's name as a gloss to the manuscript, are the main pieces of evidence for the ascription to Chaucer. However, the evidence Chaucer wrote such a work is questionable and, thus, is not included in
4736:"The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer: To Which are Added an Essay on his Language and Versification, and an Introductory Discourse, Together with Notes and a Glossary by the late Thomas Tyrwhitt. Second Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1798. 2 Volumes"
2289:, insisting that Chaucer was not a commoner, and he objected to the friar-beating story. Yet Thynne himself underscores Chaucer's support for popular religious reform, associating Chaucer's views with his father William Thynne's attempts to include
1043:
turns her attention to three princes whom she implores to relieve Chaucer of his pain and "Preyeth his beste frend of his noblesse/That to som beter estat he may atteyne" (78–79). The three princes are believed to represent the dukes of Lancaster,
490:
John Chaucer married Agnes Copton, who inherited properties in 1349, including 24 shops in London, from her uncle Hamo de Copton, who is described in a will dated 3 April 1354 and listed in the City Hustings Roll as "moneyer", said to be a
2448:, established the base text of all of Chaucer's works with his edition, published by Oxford University Press. Later editions by John H. Fisher and Larry D. Benson offered further refinements, along with critical commentary and bibliographies.
783:
A possible indication that his career as a writer was appreciated came when Edward III granted Chaucer "a gallon of wine daily for the rest of his life" for some unspecified task. This was an unusual grant, but given on a day of celebration,
803:
On 16 October 1379, Thomas Staundon filed a legal action against his former servant Cecily Chaumpaigne and Chaucer, accusing Chaucer of unlawfully employing Chaumpaigne before her term of service was completed, which violated the
2345:
to their pages. Like Speght's Chaucer, Foxe's Chaucer was also a shrewd (or lucky) political survivor. In his 1563 edition, Foxe "thought it not out of season … to couple … some mention of Geoffrey Chaucer" with a discussion of
808:. Though eight court documents dated between October 1379 and July 1380 survive the action, the case was never prosecuted. No details survive about Chaumpaigne's service or how she came to leave Staundon's employ for Chaucer's.
3082:
widely used spoken language, English fell far short of Latin and French as a written language. decision to write exclusively in English was indeed unusual He made English successful because he made it urban and international.
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as the first author to use many common English words in his writings. These words were probably frequently used in the language at the time, but Chaucer was the earliest extant manuscript source with his ear for common speech.
953:
In September 1390, records say that Chaucer was robbed and possibly injured while conducting the business, and he stopped working in this capacity on 17 June 1391. He began as Deputy Forester in the royal forest of
2451:
With the textual issues largely addressed, if not resolved, attention turned to the questions of Chaucer's themes, structure, and audience. The Chaucer Research Project at the University of Chicago began in 1924. The
2318:. As with the Chaucer editions, it was critically significant to English Protestant identity and included Chaucer in its project. Foxe's Chaucer both derived from and contributed to the printed editions of Chaucer's
2397:
Foxe downplays Chaucer's bawdy and amorous writing, insisting that it all testifies to his piety. Troubling material is deemed metaphoric, while the more forthright satire (which Foxe prefers) is taken literally.
1052:, and a portion of line 76 ("as three of you or tweyne") is thought to refer to the ordinance of 1390 which specified that no royal gift could be authorised without the consent of at least two of the three dukes.
2476:
The following major works are in roughly chronological order, but scholars still debate the dating of most of Chaucer's output. Works made up of a collection of stories may have been compiled over a long period.
2305:
thinking for so many centuries left it for granted that Chaucer was at least hostile toward Catholicism. This assumption forms a large part of many critical approaches to Chaucer's works, including neo-Marxism.
1245:, was used in much of his later work and became one of the standard poetic forms in English. His early influence as a satirist is also important, with the common humorous device, the funny accent of a regional
467:
grandfather worked as a purveyor of wines, and his father, John Chaucer, rose to become an important wine merchant with a royal appointment. Several previous generations of Geoffrey Chaucer's family had been
2252:
Chaucer did compile this booke as a comfort to himselfe after great griefs conceiued for some rash attempts of the commons, with whome he had ioyned, and thereby was in feare to loose the fauour of his best
4423:
2978:" (Latin: "omnimodas acciones, tam de raptu meo"). Furnivall, Chaucer biographers, and feminist scholars speculated that Chaucer may have raped or abducted Chaumpaigne. However, in 2022, Euan Roger and
5833:
1489:) a Modern English speaker with an extensive vocabulary of archaic words may understand it, it differs enough that most publications modernise his idiom. The following is a sample from the prologue of
6197:
543:, when he became the noblewoman's page through his father's connections, a common medieval form of apprenticeship for boys into knighthood or prestige appointments. The countess was married to
1460:
Chaucer is sometimes considered the source of the English vernacular tradition. His achievement for the language can be seen as part of a general historical trend towards the creation of a
4476:
Oruch's survey of the literature finds no association between Valentine and romance prior to Chaucer. He concludes that Chaucer is likely to be "the original mythmaker in this instance".
1182:
in detail and is sometimes cited as the first example of technical writing in the English language. It indicates that Chaucer was versed in science in addition to his literary talents.
367:. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry". He was the first writer to be buried in what has since come to be called
2170:
pared the canon down in his 1775 edition. The compilation and printing of Chaucer's works was, from its beginning, a political enterprise, since it was intended to establish an
936:
743:
1869:, who may have met Chaucer and considered him his role model, hailed Chaucer as "the firste fyndere of our fair langage". John Lydgate referred to Chaucer within his own text
2461:
1819:
portraying a parliament for birds to choose their mates. Honouring the first anniversary of the engagement of fifteen-year-old King Richard II of England to fifteen-year-old
1936:
Lollards were particularly attracted to Chaucer's satirical writings about friars, priests, and other church officials. In 1464, John Baron, a tenant farmer in Agmondesham (
862:' that year. He appears to have been present at most of the 71 days it sat, for which he was paid £24 9s. On 15 October that year, he gave a deposition in the case of
2019:. Thynne's canon brought the number of apocryphal works associated with Chaucer to a total of 28, even if that was not his intention. As with Pynson, once included in the
1393:
2140:
took this recantation of heresy as a defence of the true faith, calling Chaucer a "right Wiclevian" and (erroneously) identifying him as a schoolmate and close friend of
3029:
1031:, proclaiming that he has learned who his enemies are through her tyranny and deceit, and declares "my suffisaunce" (15) and that "over himself hath the maystrye" (14).
644:
1084:
868:. There is no further reference after this date to Philippa, Chaucer's wife. She is presumed to have died in 1387. He survived the political upheavals caused by the
3007:
6339:
5903:
4980:
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and a French princess, thereby ending the Hundred Years' War. If this was the purpose of their trip, they seem to have been unsuccessful, as no wedding occurred.
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He may actually have met Petrarch, and his reading of Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio provided him with subject matter as well as inspiration for later writings.
2174:
and history that grounded and authorised the Tudor monarchy and church. What was added to Chaucer often helped represent him favourably to Protestant England.
570:
4848:
3582:
2433:
Although Chaucer's works had long been admired, serious scholarly work on his legacy did not begin until the late 18th century, when Thomas Tyrwhitt edited
891:, continued building the wharf at the Tower of London and built the stands for a tournament held in 1390. It may have been a difficult job, but it paid two
6217:
1049:
962:, Somerset on 22 June. This was no sinecure, with maintenance an essential part of the job, although there were many opportunities to derive profit.
792:. Chaucer continued to collect the liquid stipend until Richard II came to power, after which it was converted to a monetary grant on 18 April 1378.
5411:
967:
536:
852:, being appointed as one of the commissioners of peace for Kent at a time when French invasion was a possibility. He is thought to have started work on
442:" (i.e., the first one capable of finding poetic matter in English). Almost two thousand English words are first attested to in Chaucerian manuscripts.
1307:
is sometimes to be vocalised and sometimes to be silent; however, this remains a point on which there is disagreement. Most scholars pronounce it as a
2409:"This was the first collected edition of Chaucer to be printed in Roman type. The life of Chaucer prefixed to the volume was the work of the Reverend
5838:
4345:
2362:
1925:, including the personal copy of Henry IV. Given the ravages of time, it is likely that these surviving manuscripts represent hundreds since lost.
511:
6663:
3815:
Forest of Feckenham, John Humphreys FSA, in Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeology Society's Transactions and proceedings, Volumes 44–45, p. 117.
1468:, in many parts of Europe. A parallel trend in Chaucer's lifetime was underway in Scotland through the work of his slightly earlier contemporary,
652:
544:
4914:
4735:
4717:
4696:
2983:
2721: – A rough translation of a Latin work derived from an Arab work of the same title. It is a description of the construction and use of a
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5121:
5094:
5001:
4817:
4117:
4019:
3983:
3950:
3452:
3418:
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3285:
3222:
3195:
3134:
3107:
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hints that the grants might not have been paid. The last mention of Chaucer is on 5 June 1400, when some debts owed to him were repaid.
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4964:
776:
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in 1561 brought the apocrypha to more than 50 titles. More were added in the 17th century, and they remained as late as 1810, well after
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3275:
1045:
4398:
3656:
6332:
6136:
5896:
4520:
3496:
2564:
5379:
2725:, which was used in calculating planetary orbits and positions (at the time, it was believed the sun orbited the Earth). The similar
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5679:
5054:
4880:
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and sometimes ascribed to Chaucer because of its language and handwriting, an identification which scholars no longer deem tenable.
346:
1952:, on charges of being a Lollard heretic; he confessed to owning a "boke of the Tales of Caunterburie" among other suspect volumes.
4682:
Potter, Russell A., "Chaucer and the Authority of Language: The Politics and Poetics of the Vernacular in Late Medieval England",
1237:, in his work, with only a few anonymous short works using it before him. The arrangement of these five-stress lines into rhyming
6540:
4772:
2768: – "The Book of the Lion" is mentioned in Chaucer's retraction. It has been speculated that it may have been a redaction of
768:(mercenary leader) in Milan. It has been speculated that it was Hawkwood on whom Chaucer based his character, the Knight, in the
656:
6648:
6643:
6231:
5700:
2807:
895:
a day, more than three times his salary as a comptroller. Chaucer was also appointed keeper of the lodge at the King's Park in
888:
166:
6049:
5559:
5263:
1258:
The poetry of Chaucer, along with other writers of the era, is credited with helping to standardise the London Dialect of the
6678:
6527:
6224:
5404:
1314:
Besides the irregular spelling, much of the vocabulary is recognisable to the modern reader. Chaucer is also recorded in the
1112:. He wrote many of his major works in a prolific period when he worked as customs comptroller for London (1374 to 1386). His
2456:
was founded in 1966 and has maintained its position as the pre-eminent journal of Chaucer studies. In 1994, literary critic
2132:
mentions its author's part in a failed plot (book 1, chapter 6), his imprisonment, and (perhaps) a recantation of (possibly
1885:. During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, Chaucer came to be viewed as a symbol of the nation's poetic heritage.
883:
organising most of the king's building projects. No major works were begun during his tenure, but he did conduct repairs on
5354:
4807:
2220:, Speght (probably taking cues from Foxe) made good use of Usk's account of his political intrigue and imprisonment in the
1262:
language from a combination of the Kentish and Midlands dialects. This is probably overstated; the influence of the court,
6638:
6325:
6238:
6039:
5926:
5889:
5779:
5686:
5549:
4189:
3151:
2753:
1897:
1184:
3124:
3095:
2337:
Speght's "Life of Chaucer" echoes Foxe's own account, which is itself dependent upon the earlier editions that added the
1025:, believed to have been written in the 1390s, is also thought to refer to Lancaster. "Chaucer as narrator" openly defies
6668:
6653:
6472:
6283:
6171:
30:
6109:
5647:
5034:
2536:
2401:
2382:
559:
381:
4478:
3065:
2015:. Thynne represents his edition as a book sponsored by and supportive of the king, who is praised in the preface by
6688:
6144:
6092:
5969:
5723:
5479:
5320:
4148:
916:
4840:
1295:
was dropping out of colloquial English and that its use was somewhat irregular. It may have been a vestige of the
635:. It is uncertain how many children Chaucer and Philippa had, but three or four are most commonly cited. His son,
566:. Edward paid £16 for his ransom, a considerable sum equivalent to £14,557 in 2023, and Chaucer was released.
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2314:
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229:
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Widespread knowledge of Chaucer's works is attested by the many poets who imitated or responded to his writing.
74:
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1429:. Many of the manuscripts of Chaucer's works contain material from these poets, and later appreciations by the
1218:
1120:
558:, Edward III invaded France, and Chaucer travelled with Lionel of Antwerp, Elizabeth's husband, as part of the
410:
55:
6044:
5964:
5554:
5474:
5170:"Geoffrey Chaucer, Cecily Chaumpaigne, and the Statute of Laborers: New Records and Old Evidence Reconsidered"
4845:
Finding Aids - The Hanna Holborn Gray Special Collections Research Center - The University of Chicago Library
2011:
in 1532 and 1542 were the first significant contributions to the existence of a widely recognised Chaucerian
6577:
6277:
6004:
5598:
5591:
5574:
5514:
5038:
4757:
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe: With a Life of the Martyrologist, and Vindication of the Work, Volume 4
3825:
Weiskott, Eric (1 January 2013). "Chaucer the Forester: The Friar's Tale, Forest History, and Officialdom".
2974:
filed by Chaumpaigne releasing Chaucer from any legal responsibility for "all manner of actions related to
2824:"La Belle Dame Sans Merci" – frequently attributed to Chaucer, but is a translation by Richard Roos of
2557:
2487:
719:
671:'s coronation; and another son, Lewis Chaucer. Chaucer's "Treatise on the Astrolabe" was written for Lewis.
640:
398:
2070:
is that beginning with Thynne's editions, it began to include medieval texts that made Chaucer appear as a
1221:, a style which had developed in English literature since around the 12th century as an alternative to the
569:
6190:
6086:
6054:
6019:
6009:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5564:
5529:
5519:
5509:
5499:
5489:
5357:
3 July 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive – complete digitised texts of Caxton's two earliest editions of
2145:
2051:
1491:
660:
609:
4349:
3911:
3533:
Schwebel, Leah (2014). "The Legend of Thebes and Literary Patricide in Chaucer, Boccaccio, and Statius".
2152:
is careful to highlight these facts in his editions and his "Life of Chaucer".) No other sources for the
6128:
5812:
5654:
2610:
2278:. Ironically – and perhaps consciously so – an introductory, apologetic letter in Speght's edition from
2239:
1461:
1291:
in Chaucer's verse is uncertain: it seems likely that during the period of Chaucer's writing, the final
1284:
of English, still not fully understood, makes the reading of Chaucer difficult for the modern audience.
1266:
and bureaucracy – of which Chaucer was a part – remains a more probable influence on the development of
754:
548:
6260:
6075:
6014:
5733:
5728:
5524:
5275:
2791:
2783:
2080:
1960:
555:
5270:
2422:
2109:
until the second 1542 edition. Its entry was surely facilitated by Thynne's inclusion of Thomas Usk's
1233:, and he was one of the first English poets to use the five-stress line, a decasyllabic cousin to the
6623:
6618:
6533:
6491:
6353:
6253:
6059:
5994:
5949:
5944:
5917:
5633:
5569:
5504:
5459:
5454:
5436:
2864:
2769:
2712:
2529:
2515:
2035:
1441:
1126:
880:
859:
854:
842:
724:
702:
617:
605:
516:
416:
363:
290:
4739:
4721:
4700:
2426:
Statue of Chaucer, dressed as a Canterbury pilgrim, on the corner of Best Lane and the High Street,
6591:
6552:
6317:
6080:
6029:
5984:
5974:
5954:
5747:
5718:
5619:
5539:
5494:
5484:
5464:
5251:
2508:
2465:
2351:
1811:
1469:
1433:
poets were shaped by their failure to distinguish the later "additions" from the original Chaucer.
1251:
1154:
1114:
943:
864:
815:, but if he was, he would have seen its leaders pass almost directly under his apartment window at
812:
668:
425:
271:
4872:
4866:
3786:
1472:. Barbour's work was likely to have been even more general, as is evidenced by the example of the
6570:
6246:
5849:
5612:
5342:
5191:
5138:
5060:
4974:
4571:
4563:
4467:
4459:
4442:
4247:
4230:
4206:
4165:
3850:
3842:
3761:
3745:
3697:
3550:
3374:
2501:
2136:) heresy, all this was associated with Chaucer. (Usk himself was executed as a traitor in 1388.)
2047:
1222:
1158:
1102:
884:
876:
621:
613:
100:
6034:
5959:
5868:
5544:
5469:
4089:(1988). "Introduction: The Canon and Chronology of Chaucer's Works". In Benson, Larry D. (ed.).
4011:
4003:
3975:
3967:
3942:
3934:
2882:
1806:
785:
5881:
2772:'s 'Dit dou lyon,' a story about courtly love (a subject about which Chaucer frequently wrote).
2735:. If Chaucer had not composed this work, it would have probably been written by a contemporary.
6423:
6289:
5817:
5792:
5605:
5297:
5117:
5090:
5050:
5026:
4997:
4960:
4876:
4813:
4612:
4311:
4113:
4015:
3979:
3946:
3891:
3753:
3492:
3448:
3414:
3342:
3281:
3240:
3218:
3191:
3157:
3130:
3103:
2979:
2943:
2907:
2749:
2494:
2043:
1992:
1949:
1277:
1234:
1108:
995:
927:
742:. Numerous scholars such as Skeat, Boitani, and Rowland suggested that, on this Italian trip,
698:
663:
before he was deposed. Geoffrey's other children probably included Elizabeth Chaucy, a nun at
600:
After this, Chaucer's life is uncertain, but he seems to have travelled in France, Spain, and
404:
372:
127:
4105:
3782:
The controversy between Sir Richard Scrope and Sir Robert Grosvenor, in the Court of Chivalry
3442:
3408:
3212:
3185:
858:
in the early 1380s. He also became a member of parliament for Kent in 1386 and attended the '
5939:
5861:
5449:
5306:
5181:
5042:
4777:
4608:
As noted by Carolyn Collette in "Fifteenth Century Chaucer", an essay published in the book
4555:
4451:
4239:
4198:
4157:
3846:
3834:
3737:
3687:
3542:
3249:
2551:
2279:
2089:
2071:
2007:
published in 1532, was the first edition of Chaucer's collected works. Thynne's editions of
1905:
1873:
as the "lodesterre (guiding principle) … off our language". Around two centuries later, Sir
1267:
1149:
1055:
Most conspicuous in this short poem is the number of references to Chaucer's "beste frend".
979:
923:
896:
684:
648:
527:
368:
323:
5155:
London: Published for the Chaucer Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1875-1900.
4528:
2282:
defends the unseemly, "low", and bawdy bits in Chaucer from an elite, classicist position.
6301:
6295:
5797:
5787:
5626:
5383:
5376:
5288:
5080:
4277:
2818:
2575:
2167:
2024:
2012:
1982:
1941:
1889:
1866:
1820:
1414:
1263:
1210:
959:
872:, despite the fact that Chaucer knew some of the men executed over the affair quite well.
869:
563:
499:. In the City Hustings Roll 110, 5, Ric II, dated June 1380, Chaucer refers to himself as
496:
433:
5338:
4933:
4597:
5367:– an online edition with complete transcriptions and images captured by the HUMI Project
5132:
3780:
822:
6453:
5855:
5802:
5769:
5110:
4990:
4335:. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th ed. Vol. C. New York, London: Norton, 2006. 2132–33. p. 2132.
3385:
3271:
2935:
2825:
2192:
2016:
2000:
1988:
1945:
1449:
1273:
1259:
1226:
955:
900:
789:
760:
In 1378, Richard II sent Chaucer as an envoy (secret dispatch) to the Visconti and Sir
750:
710:
636:
594:
540:
503:, which translates as: "I, Geoffrey Chaucer, son of the vintner John Chaucer, London".
421:
219:
202:
5011:
Biggs, David; McGivern, Hugh; Matthews, David; Murrie, Greg; Simpson, Dallas (1999) .
1276:
is somewhat distanced from the language of Chaucer's poems owing to the effect of the
6607:
6584:
6445:
6398:
6163:
5843:
5672:
5284:
5195:
4575:
4501:
4471:
3886:
Jones, Terry; Yeager, Robert F.; Doran, Terry; Fletcher, Alan; D'or, Juliett (2003).
3854:
3765:
3701:
3554:
3267:
2948:
2921:
2370:
2182:
2149:
2141:
2094:
1874:
1398:
1281:
991:
761:
679:
664:
632:
178:
2662:
5064:
5012:
4862:
4803:
4086:
2887:
2457:
2437:, and it did not become an established academic discipline until the 19th century.
2271:
2267:
2198:
1816:
1430:
1406:
675:
578:
455:
5351:
5018:
Chaucer's Miller's, Reeve's, and Cook's Tales: An Annotated Bibliography 1900-1992
4789:
2385:
of Chaucer's complete works. It is the first edition of Chaucer to be entirely in
2259:
Speght is also the source of the famous tale of Chaucer being fined for beating a
1933:
sympathisers who may well have been inclined to read Chaucer as one of their own.
1100:, an elegy for Blanche of Lancaster, who died in 1368. Two other early works were
5186:
5169:
5016:
3838:
3692:
3675:
3380:
2156:
exist—there is only Thynne's construction of whatever manuscript sources he had.
385:
for his 10-year-old son, Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a
361:– 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for
5764:
5707:
4202:
4132:'The Abbey Scientists' Hall, A.R. p9: London; Roger & Robert Nicholson; 1966
2841:
2355:
2275:
1437:
1296:
1230:
826:
796:
775:
765:
747:
531:
252:
4781:
4770:
Carlyle, E. I.; Edwards, A. S. G. (reviewer) (2004). "Urry, John (1666–1715)".
3381:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
3052:
A Companion to British Literature, Volume 2: Early Modern Literature, 1450–1660
2162:(1525–1605) was an antiquarian and also a chronicler. His edition of Chaucer's
1205:
970:
on 24 December 1399. Henry IV renewed the grants assigned by Richard, but
304:
6306:
6024:
5534:
5293:
5279:
5085:
3583:"Geoffrey Chaucer note asking for time off work identified as his handwriting"
2897:
2835:
2722:
2427:
2386:
2347:
2260:
2027:
texts stayed with those works, regardless of their first editor's intentions.
1479:
Although Chaucer's language is much closer to Modern English than the text of
1473:
1385:
are just some of almost two thousand English words first attested in Chaucer.
1166:
1162:
830:
386:
376:
247:
150:
4628:
3100:
The Oxford History of Poetry in English: Volume 3. Medieval Poetry: 1400–1500
1972:
The first English printer, William Caxton, was responsible for the first two
1409:
was one of the earliest poets to write continuations of Chaucer's unfinished
1072:
Chaucer respected and admired Christians and was one himself, as he wrote in
6428:
6413:
5316:
5258:
3757:
3253:
2971:
2410:
2159:
2137:
2067:
2030:
1179:
834:
468:
242:
4055:
Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church
2915:
2088:
was construed as a proto-Protestant as the same was done concurrently with
5246:
5046:
4486:
3546:
2177:
942:
Chaucer is commemorated by this stained glass window in the north wall of
6403:
6393:
6378:
6373:
5807:
2133:
2117:
imitates, borrows from, and thus resembles Usk's contemporary, Chaucer. (
1937:
1422:
1138:
892:
739:
714:
682:) at this time. He became a member of the royal court of Edward III as a
601:
480:
390:
257:
4643:, ed. Joanna Parker and Corinna Wagner (Oxford: OUP, 2020): pp. 189-201.
3339:
Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work
3315:
The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer: Romaunt of the rose. Minor poems
2377:
1904:(Dickens held a copy in his library among other works of Chaucer), with
1303:
attached to most nouns. Chaucer's versification suggests that the final
811:
It is not known if Chaucer was in the City of London at the time of the
6546:
6388:
6383:
6368:
5022:
4567:
4543:
4463:
4437:
4251:
4169:
3749:
3238:
Briggs, Keith (June 2019). "The Malins in Chaucer's Ipswich Ancestry".
2800:
2205:= "spinning wheel"), and that at bottom right displays Roet quartering
1996:
printed texts, or collections of texts, bound together as one volume.)
1930:
1481:
1246:
1238:
1027:
816:
731:
693:
492:
472:
4210:
6418:
5030:
4346:"William Caxton's illustrated second edition of The Canterbury Tales"
2975:
2312:, the most impressive literary monument of the period is John Foxe's
1909:
848:
While still working as comptroller, Chaucer appears to have moved to
689:
590:
479:, once thought to mean 'shoemaker', but now known to mean a maker of
96:
4654:
4559:
4455:
4243:
4161:
3741:
734:
the next year as part of a military expedition; in 1373, he visited
5389:
5370:
4919:
The Canterbury Tales: Fifteenth-Century Continuations and Additions
3569:
English Writers: an attempt towards a history of English literature
6408:
5386:(descriptions of books with images, University of Glasgow Library)
4224:
Mooney, Linne R. (1996). "Reviewed Work(s): The Authorship of the
2787: – written in the 16th century with many Chaucerian allusions
2661:
2421:
2376:
2263:
2176:
2029:
1973:
1959:
1465:
1392:
1308:
1204:
1161:
called himself a "nettle in Chaucer's garden of poetry". In 1385,
1083:
821:
774:
735:
727:, the late wife of John of Gaunt, who died in 1369 of the plague.
706:
568:
510:
501:
me Galfridum Chaucer, filium Johannis Chaucer, Vinetarii, Londonie
454:
429:
5112:
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (Selected): An Interlinear Translation
5089:. Berlin-Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, De Gruyter.
4373:"The Canterbury Tales: Chaucer's 'plein speke' is a raucous read"
5373:– a collection of links to resources about Chaucer and his works
3657:"Geoffrey Chaucer and Cecily Chaumpaigne: Rethinking the record"
3153:
The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain, 4 Volume Set
849:
772:, for a description matches that of a 14th-century condottiere.
437:
6321:
5885:
5393:
5311:
4988:
Benson, Larry D.; Pratt, Robert; Robinson, F. N., eds. (1987).
4399:"A New App Guides Readers Through Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales'"
4069:"Was Chaucer in favor of the church or opposed to it? – eNotes"
2405:
dating back to the 16th century. According to A. S. G Edwards,
1912:
English authors, Chaucer and Dickens have the most in common."
5326:
4142:
Smith, Jeremy J. (1995). "Reviewed Work(s): The Authorship of
4006:. In Benson, Larry D.; Pratt, Robert; Robinson, F. N. (eds.).
3970:. In Benson, Larry D.; Pratt, Robert; Robinson, F. N. (eds.).
3937:. In Benson, Larry D.; Pratt, Robert; Robinson, F. N. (eds.).
338:
4759:. Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley. 1846. pp. 249, 252, 253.
3676:"The Archival Iceberg: New Sources for Literary Life-Records"
3476:
Chaucer A to Z: The Essential Reference to his Life and Works
2207:
Argent, a chief gules overall a lion rampant double queued or
655:. Thomas's great-grandson (Geoffrey's great-great-grandson),
332:
329:
6198:
A Commentary on the General Prologue to The Canterbury Tales
5834:
Chaucer's influence on fifteenth-century Scottish literature
5377:
Chaucer and his works: Introduction to Chaucer and his works
4699:. Westminster, England: William Caxton. 1473. Archived from
3277:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
515:
Chaucer as a pilgrim, in the early 15th-century illuminated
420:. He is seen as crucial in legitimising the literary use of
4112:. W. Pickering and R. and S. Prowett. p. 126 note 15.
3728:
Scott, F. R. (1943). "Chaucer and the Parliament of 1386".
1444:'s work. Roughly seventy-five years after Chaucer's death,
424:
when the dominant literary languages in England were still
4183:
Blake, N. F. (1996). "Reviewed Work(s): The Authorship of
2811: – a Lollard satire later appropriated by Protestants
2285:
Francis Thynne noted some of these inconsistencies in his
1999:
There is a likely connection between Pynson's product and
1229:. Chaucer is known for metrical innovation, inventing the
709:. Two other literary stars of the era were in attendance:
4841:"Guide to the Chaucer Research Project Records 1886-1965"
3050:
Robert DeMaria, Jr., Heesok Chang, Samantha Zacher, eds,
2982:
discovered two additional documents from the case in the
526:
While records concerning the lives of his contemporaries
4544:"The Myth of Origin and the Making of Chaucer's English"
3997:
3995:
2330:, and then it appeared in Speght's edition of Chaucer's
1130:
all date from this time. It is believed that he started
717:. Around this time, Chaucer is believed to have written
3511:
Companion to Chaucer Studies, Rev. ed., Oxford UP, 1979
2880:
Chaucer is one of the main characters in the 2001 film
34:
4955:
Akbari, Suzanne Conklin; Simpson, James, eds. (2020).
1495:
that compares Chaucer's text to a modern translation:
604:, possibly as a messenger and perhaps even going on a
593:
Church, Oxfordshire. Possibly funeral helm of his son
5365:
Caxton's Canterbury Tales: The British Library Copies
1397:
Portrait of Chaucer by Romantic era poet and painter
347:
335:
3304:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899; Vol. I, pp. xi–xii.
2066:
Probably the most significant aspect of the growing
1452:
as one of the first books to be printed in England.
6562:
6520:
6502:
6483:
6464:
6437:
6361:
6270:
6207:
6182:
6155:
6120:
6101:
6068:
5925:
5826:
5755:
5664:
5583:
5434:
5427:
5102:
Le Livre de la Duchesse: oeuvres complètes (Tome I)
4868:
The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages
4812:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 230.
4809:
Chaucer: The Critical Heritage. Volume 1: 1385–1837
4093:(3 ed.). Oxford: Oxford UP. pp. xxii–xxv.
1896:, the Victorian era author echoed Chaucer's use of
674:According to tradition, Chaucer studied law in the
616:. She was a lady-in-waiting to Edward III's queen,
326:
297:
285:
277:
266:
235:
225:
215:
197:
172:
162:
134:
123:
107:
84:
65:
5109:
5086:Chaucer's Polyphony. The Modern in Medieval Poetry
4989:
3491:. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 2003. p. 113.
1809:with romantic love is believed to be in Chaucer's
1088:Portrait of Chaucer (16th century). The arms are:
5104:. Paris: Classiques Garnier, ISBN 978-2406119999.
4308:The making of Chaucer's English: a study of words
1985:, but this edition has no independent authority.
1981:Caxton's edition was reprinted by his successor,
461:Per pale argent and gules, a bend counterchanged.
4659:. Penn State University Press. pp. 100–103.
4438:"St. Valentine, Chaucer, and Spring in February"
4106:"Introductory Discourse to the Canterbury Tales"
3968:"Explanatory Notes on 'The Book of the Duchess'"
3674:Roger, Euan; Prescott, Andrew (1 October 2022).
2187:Per pale argent and gules, a bend counterchanged
1436:Writers of the 17th and 18th centuries, such as
1090:Per pale argent and gules, a bend counterchanged
375:. Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and
4450:(3). The University of Chicago Press: 534–565.
1853:
1835:That erthe & eyr & tre & euery lake
744:he came into contact with Petrarch or Boccaccio
5137:. Collegiate Press, G. Banta Pub. Co. p.
4502:"Chaucer et les origines de la Saint Valentin"
3341:. New York: Facts on File. pp. 551, 613.
2803:satire later appropriated as a Protestant text
1829:Whan euery bryd comyth there to chese his make
1632:"Now sir", said he, "Have friars such a grace
1209:Portrait of Chaucer from a 1412 manuscript by
54:"Chaucer" redirects here. For other uses, see
6333:
5897:
5405:
4940:. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications.
4921:. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications.
4639:Richard Utz, "Chaucer among the Victorians",
3974:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. pp.
3642:
3630:
3618:
3606:
3413:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. 19.
3096:"Literary Traditions – Continuity and Change"
1789:He clapte his tayl agayn and lay ful stille.
1702:"Show forth your arse, and let the friar see
1629:Now, sire, quod he, han freres swich a grace
1280:sometime after his death. This change in the
1064:that she shall not take his friend from him.
795:Chaucer obtained the very substantial job of
475:. His family name is derived from the French
8:
4776:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
4039:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 55.
4010:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p.
3941:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. p.
3571:. London: Cassell & Co.; Vol. V. p. 106.
3190:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 18–19.
2868: – Borrows twelve stanzas of Chaucer's
2594:Chaucers Wordes unto Adam, His Owne Scriveyn
1712:Where the nest of friars is in this place!"
1709:Where is the nest of freres in this place!–
1699:–shewe forth thyn ers, and lat the frere se
1249:, apparently making its first appearance in
903:, which was a largely honorary appointment.
6218:The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle
5021:. The Chaucer Bibliographies. Vol. 5.
4712:
4710:
4554:(3). University of Chicago Press: 646–675.
3410:Medieval English Nunneries, c. 1275 to 1535
1792:He shut his tail again and lay very still.
1729:Right so as bees out swarmen from an hyve,
1669:–And now hath sathanas, –seith he, –a tayl
875:On 12 July 1389, Chaucer was appointed the
659:, was the heir to the throne designated by
18:
6340:
6326:
6318:
5904:
5890:
5882:
5431:
5412:
5398:
5390:
5100:Fruoco, Jonathan, ed. and transl. (2021).
4979:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4673:(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987), p. 1118.
4333:The Norton Anthology of English Literature
4268:, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 97.
3274:; McClure, Peter, eds. (2016). "Chaucer".
3217:. Princeton University Press. p. 26.
1839:For me to stonde, so ful was al the place.
1769:And comen agayn as faste as they may gon,
1742:Out of the devil's arse there were driven
1689:Hold up thy tayl, thou sathanas!–quod he;
1639:That noon of hem shal come to this place?
1552:For, by God, you have ofttimes heard tell
1539:Freres and feendes been but lyte asonder.
1529:And God it woot, that it is litel wonder;
1519:This frere bosteth that he knoweth helle,
73:
62:
5185:
5168:Roger, Euan; Sobecki, Sebastian (2022a).
5072:Crow, Martin M.; Olsen, Clair C. (1966).
3888:Who Murdered Chaucer?: A Medieval Mystery
3691:
3655:Roger, Euan; Sobecki, Sebastian (2022b).
3377:inflation figures are based on data from
3317:. Clarendon Press. 1894. pp. 13, 14.
2817: – its body is largely a version of
1772:And came again as fast as they could go,
1719:And er that half a furlong wey of space,
1652:"Yes", said the angel, "many a million!"
1549:For, pardee, ye han ofte tyme herd telle
51:English poet and author (c. 1340s – 1400)
5839:Influence of Italian humanism on Chaucer
5225:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4934:"La Belle Dame sans Mercy: Introduction"
4686:VI (Carnegie-Mellon Press, 1991), p. 91.
4641:Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism
4598:University of Rochester, Robbins Library
4422:Original e-text available online at the
4297:, NY: Broadway Publishing, 1909, p. 147.
4295:Questions at Issue in our English Speech
2363:Act for the Advancement of True Religion
1739:Out of the develes ers ther gonne dryve
1649:Yis, quod this aungel, many a millioun!
1589:To shewen hym the peynes that the were,
1542:Friars and fiends are seldom far apart.
1532:And God knows that it is little wonder;
547:, the second surviving son of the king,
24:This is an accepted version of this page
5345:, including interlinear translation of
5285:Works by Geoffrey Chaucer in eBook form
4938:Chaucerian Dream Visions and Complaints
4773:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4751:
4749:
4479:"Imagery, Iconography, and Mythography"
3102:. Oxford University Press. p. 28.
2999:
2960:
2209:(Chaucer) with crest of Chaucer above:
1833:And that so heuge a noyse gan they make
1779:And in his ers they crepten everychon.
1762:And throughout hell swarmed all about,
1759:And thurghout helle swarmed al aboute,
1672:"And now Satan has", he said, "a tail,
1662:And unto Satan the angel led him down.
1642:That none of them come to this place?"
1592:To show him the pains that were there,
1579:And as an angel ladde hym up and doun,
1559:How that a frere ravyshed was to helle
837:, London where in 1386 the pilgrims in
545:Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence
20:
5205:The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
4972:
4310:, Cambridge University Press. p. 129.
3478:. New York: 1999, pp. 72–73 and 75–77.
3302:The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer
3156:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 425.
2746:Of the Wreched Engendrynge of Mankynde
2185:edition. The two top shields display:
1837:So ful was that onethe was there space
1679:Brodder than of a carryk is the sayl.
1622:Unto this angel spoke the friar thus:
1599:In al the place saugh he nat a frere;
1522:This friar boasts that he knows hell,
562:. In 1360, he was captured during the
439:the firste fyndere of our fair langage
393:, diplomat, and member of parliament.
4521:"Henry Ansgar Kelly, Valentine's Day"
3129:. Yale University Press. p. 60.
3066:"Chaucer and the idea of Englishness"
3054:, John Wiley & Sons, 2013, p. 41.
2605:The Complaint of Chaucer to his Purse
1659:And unto sathanas he ladde hym doun.
1609:Of oother folk he saugh ynowe in wo.
1602:In all the place he saw not a friar;
1582:And as an angel led him up and down,
1165:made glowing mention of Chaucer, and
972:The Complaint of Chaucer to his Purse
396:Among Chaucer's many other works are
7:
5161:A First Sketch of English Literature
4915:"The Ploughman's Tale: Introduction"
4871:. New York: Harcourt Brace. p.
3447:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 74.
3150:Echard, Sian; Rouse, Robert (2017).
2462:greatest Western writers of all time
1827:For this was on seynt Volantynys day
1732:Just as bees swarm out from a hive,
1722:And before half a furlong of space,
1692:Hold up your tail, Satan!" said he.
1619:Unto this angel spak the frere tho:
1612:Of other folk he saw enough in woe.
1188:is a scientific work similar to the
643:to four kings, envoy to France, and
554:In 1359, in the early stages of the
4371:Jordison, Sam (11 September 2018).
3876:Morley (1890); Vol. V, pp. 247–248.
2322:, particularly the pseudepigrapha.
1782:And every one crept into his arse.
1749:Twenty thousand freres on a route,
779:A 19th-century depiction of Chaucer
6137:The Canterbury Pilgrims (De Koven)
5303:Works by or about Geoffrey Chaucer
4996:(3rd ed.). Houghton-Mifflin.
4899:and Chaucer's Metrical Practice."
4697:"A Leaf from The Canterbury Tales"
4264:C. B. McCully and J. J. Anderson,
3032:. Cambridge University Press. 2011
3010:. Cambridge University Press. 2019
2970:discovered the case in 1873 via a
1831:Of euery kynde that men thinke may
1805:The first recorded association of
1752:Twenty thousand friars on a rout,
1178:describes the form and use of the
49:
5680:The Complaint of the Black Knight
4851:from the original on 30 May 2023.
4519:Meg Sullivan (February 1, 2001).
4348:. British Library. Archived from
4004:"Introduction to the Short Poems"
3489:Holt Literature and Language Arts
6541:The pot calling the kettle black
5746:
5269:
5257:
5245:
4397:Katz, Brigit (5 February 2020).
3785:. Vol. II. London. p.
3094:Simpson, James (27 April 2023).
2928:
2914:
2900:
2189:(Chaucer), that at bottom left:
1499:
935:
915:
657:John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
583:Gules, three Catherine Wheels or
322:
303:
5234:. Edinburgh: R. & R. Clark.
5116:. Barron's Educational Series.
5108:Hopper, Vincent Foster (1970).
4110:The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer
3779:Nicolas, Sir N. Harris (1832).
3581:Alberge, Dalya (10 July 2023).
2853: – a 15th-century allegory
2361:Probably referring to the 1542
1800:
1682:Broader than a galleon's sail.
1096:Chaucer's first major work was
645:Speaker of the House of Commons
639:, had an illustrious career as
612:. Around 1366, Chaucer married
187:
6664:People from the City of London
5673:The Cuckoo and the Nightingale
5015:; Greentree, Rosemary (eds.).
4957:The Oxford handbook of Chaucer
4424:University of Virginia website
3806:Morley (1890), Vol. 5, p. 245.
3716:A Concise Companion to Chaucer
3327:Skeat (1899); Vol. I, p. xvii.
3211:Marion Turner (9 April 2019).
3123:Lerer, Seth (1 January 2006).
2797:The Complaint of the Ploughman
2755:De miseria conditionis humanae
2063:which were attributed to him.
2005:The Workes of Geffray Chaucer,
1562:How a friar was taken to hell
1008:Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse
990:Chaucer was a close friend of
1:
5687:The equatorie of the planetis
4932:Symons, Dana M., ed. (2004).
4913:Bowers, John M., ed. (1992).
4190:The Review of English Studies
4185:The Equatorie of the Planetis
4144:The Equatorie of the Planetis
4104:Thomas Tyrwhitt, ed. (1822).
3535:Studies in the Age of Chaucer
3126:The Yale Companion to Chaucer
3008:"Geoffrey Chaucer in Context"
1572:In spirit, once by a vision;
1569:In spirit ones by a visioun;
1217:Chaucer wrote in continental
1185:The equatorie of the planetis
986:Relationship to John of Gaunt
625:
355:
88:
6634:Burials at Westminster Abbey
6629:14th-century English writers
5701:Pierce the Ploughman's Crede
5187:10.5325/chaucerrev.57.4.0407
5131:Hulbert, James Root (1912).
4790:UK public library membership
4653:Besserman, Lawrence (2006).
4542:Cannon, Christopher (1996).
4436:Oruch, Jack B. (July 1981).
4306:Cannon, Christopher (1998).
4228:by Kari Anne Rand Schmidt".
4187:by Kari Anne Rand Schmidt".
4146:by Kari Anne Rand Schmidt".
3847:10.5325/chaucerrev.47.3.0323
3839:10.5325/chaucerrev.47.3.0323
3714:Saunders, Corrine J. (2006)
3693:10.5325/chaucerrev.57.4.0498
2808:Pierce the Ploughman's Crede
2761:Origenes upon the Maudeleyne
2719:The Equatorie of the Planets
2691:Poems of doubtful authorship
2326:was first printed in Foxe's
2121:also appears to borrow from
1485:, such that (unlike that of
1157:(extended by Jean de Meun).
889:St. George's Chapel, Windsor
5648:A Treatise on the Astrolabe
5312:Chaucer Bibliography Online
5035:University of Toronto Press
4282:Geoffrey Chaucer of England
3718:. Oxford: Blackwell, p. 19.
3337:Rossignol, Rosalyn (2006).
2537:A Treatise on the Astrolabe
2464:, and in 1997 expounded on
2216:In his 1598 edition of the
1801:Valentine's Day and romance
631:) became the third wife of
382:A Treatise on the Astrolabe
379:, composing the scientific
6705:
6674:14th-century English poets
6093:Prologue and Tale of Beryn
5724:Prologue and Tale of Beryn
5230:Ward, Adolphus W. (1907).
5216:. London: Faber and Faber.
5207:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
5076:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
4284:E. P. Dutton, 1946, p. 89.
4266:English Historical Metrics
4149:The Modern Language Review
3966:Wilcockson, Colin (1987).
3935:"The Legend of Good Women"
3933:Chaucer, Geoffrey (1984).
2821:'s "Item de Beata Virgine"
2748:, possible translation of
2652:Lenvoy de Chaucer a Bukton
2647:Lenvoy de Chaucer a Scogan
2270:, as well as a fictitious
2181:Engraving of Chaucer from
2113:in the first edition. The
1908:writing, "among the great
1213:, who may have met Chaucer
968:close of Westminster Abbey
459:Arms of Geoffrey Chaucer:
118:London, Kingdom of England
53:
6511:The Testament of Cresseid
6050:The Canon's Yeoman's Tale
5744:
5560:The Canon's Yeoman's Tale
5294:Works by Geoffrey Chaucer
4500:Fruoco, Jonathan (2018).
4426:, trans. Knowledge (XXG).
4329:Fables Ancient and Modern
4226:Equatorie of the Planetis
4203:10.1093/res/XLVII.186.233
4035:Williams, George (1965).
3643:Roger & Sobecki 2022a
3631:Roger & Sobecki 2022a
3619:Roger & Sobecki 2022a
3607:Roger & Sobecki 2022a
2984:British National Archives
2968:Frederick James Furnivall
2728:Treatise on the Astrolabe
2570:Consolation of Philosophy
2460:placed Chaucer among the
2446:Oxford English Dictionary
2442:Frederick James Furnivall
2172:English national identity
1476:in the north of England.
1317:Oxford English Dictionary
1175:Treatise on the Astrolabe
1144:Consolation of Philosophy
877:clerk of the king's works
746:. They introduced him to
667:, Agnes, an attendant at
432:. Chaucer's contemporary
311:
302:
230:Middle English literature
208:
79:Manuscript portrait, 1412
72:
6684:14th-century translators
6521:Linguistic contributions
5694:The Floure and the Leafe
5641:The Legend of Good Women
5361:from the British Library
5333:Educational institutions
5223:Chaucer: A European Life
5153:Life-records of Chaucer.
5037:in association with the
3214:Chaucer: A European Life
2850:The Floure and the Leafe
2845: – a Lollard satire
2697:Against Women Unconstant
2523:The Legend of Good Women
2383:John Urry's 1721 edition
2381:Spine and title page of
2350:, a possible source for
1964:Title page of Chaucer's
1916:Manuscripts and audience
1287:The status of the final
1243:The Legend of Good Women
1219:accentual-syllabic metre
1137:Chaucer also translated
1121:The Legend of Good Women
411:The Legend of Good Women
56:Chaucer (disambiguation)
31:latest accepted revision
6578:To Her Inconstant Lover
6232:The Book of the Dun Cow
6225:Chanticleer and the Fox
6040:The Nun's Priest's Tale
5970:The Wife of Bath's Tale
5620:The Parliament of Fowls
5599:The Book of the Duchess
5592:The Romaunt of the Rose
5550:The Nun's Priest's Tale
5480:The Wife of Bath's Tale
5221:Turner, Marion (2019).
5134:Chaucer's Official Life
5039:University of Rochester
4590:The Regiment of Princes
3912:"Poets' Corner History"
3444:Chaucer and His England
3441:Coulton, G. G. (2006).
3379:Clark, Gregory (2017).
2622:A Complaint to His Lady
2600:The Complaint unto Pity
2558:The Romaunt of the Rose
2488:The Book of the Duchess
2468:'s debt to the author.
2105:did not enter Thynne's
2074:Lollard, primarily the
1464:, after the example of
1425:left unfinished in his
1421:completes the story of
1299:dative singular suffix
1150:The Romance of the Rose
1098:The Book of the Duchess
1004:The Book of the Duchess
720:The Book of the Duchess
438:
399:The Book of the Duchess
6649:English civil servants
6644:English Catholic poets
6191:The Canterbury Puzzles
5262:Quotations related to
5159:Morley, Henry (1883).
4782:10.1093/ref:odnb/28021
4610:A Companion to Chaucer
4293:Edwin Winfield Bowen,
3914:. WestminsterAbbey.org
3407:Power, Eileen (1988).
2886:, and is portrayed by
2670:
2617:The Complaint of Venus
2430:
2415:
2390:
2375:
2213:
2146:Merton College, Oxford
2054:
2052:San Marino, California
1969:
1944:), was brought before
1857:
1841:
1402:
1311:when it is vocalised.
1214:
1093:
845:
780:
610:Santiago de Compostela
597:
523:
463:
6679:Medieval orientalists
6284:Descriptive Catalogue
6129:The Two Noble Kinsmen
6045:The Second Nun's Tale
5965:The Man of Law's Tale
5655:The Complaint of Mars
5555:The Second Nun's Tale
5475:The Man of Law's Tale
5212:Speirs, John (1951).
5203:Skeat, W. W. (1899).
5163:. Harvard University.
5074:Chaucer: Life-Records
5047:10.3138/9781442672895
4992:The Riverside Chaucer
4671:The Riverside Chaucer
4327:"From The Preface to
4091:The Riverside Chaucer
4037:A New View of Chaucer
4008:The Riverside Chaucer
4002:Gross, Zaila (1987).
3972:The Riverside Chaucer
3939:The Riverside Chaucer
3567:Morley, Henry (1890)
3547:10.1353/sac.2014.0028
3254:10.1093/notesj/gjz004
3187:Chaucer and His World
3184:Derek Brewer (1992).
2832:The Testament of Love
2766:The Book of the Leoun
2733:The Riverside Chaucer
2702:A Balade of Complaint
2665:
2611:The Complaint of Mars
2555:, possibly extant as
2425:
2407:
2380:
2367:
2315:Acts and Monuments...
2297:in the 1532 and 1542
2180:
2038:—the first tale from
2033:
1963:
1825:
1462:vernacular literature
1419:Testament of Cresseid
1396:
1208:
1087:
1021:Chaucer's short poem
966:residence within the
825:
778:
730:Chaucer travelled to
647:. Thomas's daughter,
589:= "spinning wheel").
572:
514:
458:
6639:The Canterbury Tales
6534:The Oak and the Reed
6492:Troilus and Cressida
6473:Troilus and Cressida
6354:Troilus and Criseyde
6278:Chaucer's Retraction
6254:God Spede the Plough
6110:The Canterbury Tales
6005:The Physician's Tale
5782:The Canterbury Tales
5776:Manuscript tradition
5634:Troilus and Criseyde
5575:Chaucer's Retraction
5515:The Physician's Tale
5359:The Canterbury Tales
5347:The Canterbury Tales
5254:at Wikimedia Commons
4742:on 11 November 2005.
4724:on 11 November 2005.
4403:Smithsonian Magazine
3661:UK National Archives
3474:Rossignol, Rosalyn.
3362:Chaucer Life Records
3064:Butterfield, Ardis.
2865:God Spede the Plough
2834: – actually by
2815:The Ploughman's Tale
2770:Guillaume de Machaut
2723:planetary equatorium
2675:Balade to Rosemounde
2667:Balade to Rosemounde
2642:Lak of Stedfastnesse
2530:The Canterbury Tales
2516:Troilus and Criseyde
2435:The Canterbury Tales
2365:, Foxe said that he
2308:Alongside Chaucer's
2044:Ellesmere Manuscript
1978:The Canterbury Tales
1923:Troilus and Criseyde
1902:Troilus and Criseyde
1879:Troilus and Criseyde
1446:The Canterbury Tales
1442:Walter William Skeat
1427:Troilus and Criseyde
1241:, first seen in his
1132:The Canterbury Tales
1127:Troilus and Criseyde
860:Wonderful Parliament
855:The Canterbury Tales
843:Canterbury Cathedral
839:The Canterbury Tales
806:Statute of Labourers
725:Blanche of Lancaster
703:Galeazzo II Visconti
618:Philippa of Hainault
517:Ellesmere manuscript
417:Troilus and Criseyde
364:The Canterbury Tales
291:The Canterbury Tales
6669:Writers from London
6654:English translators
6592:Amoryus and Cleopes
6553:At sixes and sevens
6528:Words first used in
6081:The Tale of Gamelyn
6055:The Manciple's Tale
6030:The Tale of Melibee
6020:The Prioress's Tale
6010:The Pardoner's Tale
6000:The Franklin's Tale
5990:The Merchant's Tale
5980:The Summoner's Tale
5719:The Tale of Gamelyn
5565:The Manciple's Tale
5540:The Tale of Melibee
5530:The Prioress's Tale
5520:The Pardoner's Tale
5510:The Franklin's Tale
5500:The Merchant's Tale
5490:The Summoner's Tale
5065:10.3138/j.ctt2tv0bw
4703:on 31 October 2005.
2740:Works presumed lost
2509:Parlement of Foules
2466:William Shakespeare
1871:The Fall of Princes
1812:Parlement of Foules
1492:The Summoner's Tale
1413:. At the same time
1155:Guillaume de Lorris
1115:Parlement of Foules
1006:(also known as the
944:Southwark Cathedral
922:Tomb of Chaucer in
865:Scrope v. Grosvenor
426:Anglo-Norman French
272:English Renaissance
21:Page version status
6571:Sir Giles Goosecap
6261:The Pilgrim's Tale
6247:Palamon and Arcite
6239:Palamon and Arcite
6076:The Plowman's Tale
6015:The Shipman's Tale
5850:Katherine Swynford
5734:The Pilgrim's Tale
5729:The Plowman's Tale
5613:Anelida and Arcite
5525:The Shipman's Tale
5382:1 May 2008 at the
5343:Harvard University
5274:Works by or about
4903:86 (2017): 147–51.
4656:The Chaucer Review
4051:"Geoffrey Chaucer"
3827:The Chaucer Review
3680:The Chaucer Review
3645:, p. 407-411.
3621:, p. 407-410.
3375:Retail Price Index
3300:Skeat, W. W., ed.
2876:In popular culture
2792:The Plowman's Tale
2784:The Pilgrim's Tale
2707:Complaynt D'Amours
2671:
2502:Anelida and Arcite
2431:
2418:Modern scholarship
2391:
2343:The Plowman's Tale
2328:Acts and Monuments
2295:The Pilgrim's Tale
2291:The Plowman's Tale
2214:
2081:The Plowman's Tale
2055:
2048:Huntington Library
1970:
1844:Critical reception
1511:Modern Translation
1403:
1215:
1159:Eustache Deschamps
1103:Anelida and Arcite
1094:
885:Westminster Palace
846:
781:
622:Katherine Swynford
620:, and a sister of
614:Philippa (de) Roet
598:
556:Hundred Years' War
541:Countess of Ulster
537:Elizabeth de Burgh
524:
464:
101:Kingdom of England
27:
6689:Poets from London
6601:
6600:
6315:
6314:
6290:Ellesmere Chaucer
6060:The Parson's Tale
5995:The Squire's Tale
5950:The Miller's Tale
5945:The Knight's Tale
5879:
5878:
5818:Geoffrey Spirleng
5793:Ellesmere Chaucer
5742:
5741:
5606:The House of Fame
5570:The Parson's Tale
5505:The Squire's Tale
5460:The Miller's Tale
5455:The Knight's Tale
5298:Project Gutenberg
5250:Media related to
5214:Chaucer the Maker
5123:978-0-8120-0039-9
5095:978-1-5015-1849-2
5003:978-0-395-29031-6
4895:Weiskott, Eric. "
4819:978-0-7100-8497-2
4788:(Subscription or
4588:Thomas Hoccleve,
4531:on April 3, 2017.
4489:on 16 April 2016.
4119:978-0-8482-2624-4
4021:978-0-395-29031-6
3985:978-0-395-29031-6
3952:978-0-395-29031-6
3520:Hopper, p. viii:
3454:978-1-4286-4247-8
3420:978-0-8196-0140-7
3348:978-0-8160-6193-8
3287:978-0-19-967776-4
3241:Notes and Queries
3224:978-0-691-16009-2
3197:978-0-85991-366-9
3136:978-0-300-12597-9
3109:978-0-19-883968-2
2980:Sebastian Sobecki
2944:Chaucer (surname)
2908:Literature portal
2495:The House of Fame
2440:Scholars such as
2339:Testament of Love
2244:Testament of Love
2222:Testament of Love
2154:Testament of Love
2130:Testament of Love
2119:Testament of Love
2115:Testament of Love
2111:Testament of Love
2076:Testament of Love
2036:The Knight's Tale
1950:Bishop of Lincoln
1894:David Copperfield
1883:Defence of Poesie
1860:—T. R. Lounsbury.
1796:
1795:
1278:Great Vowel Shift
1235:iambic pentametre
1169:also lauded him.
1109:The House of Fame
1068:Religious beliefs
996:Duke of Lancaster
928:Westminster Abbey
841:set off to visit
699:Violante Visconti
471:and merchants in
405:The House of Fame
373:Westminster Abbey
315:
314:
278:Years active
270:Precursor to the
267:Literary movement
130:, London, England
128:Westminster Abbey
115:(aged 56–57)
39:15 September 2024
6696:
6659:English MPs 1386
6614:Geoffrey Chaucer
6513:" (15th century)
6349:Geoffrey Chaucer
6342:
6335:
6328:
6319:
6172:Canterbury Tales
6145:Canterbury Tales
5985:The Clerk's Tale
5975:The Friar's Tale
5955:The Reeve's Tale
5940:General Prologue
5931:Canterbury Tales
5918:Canterbury Tales
5913:Geoffrey Chaucer
5906:
5899:
5892:
5883:
5862:Alice de la Pole
5750:
5495:The Clerk's Tale
5485:The Friar's Tale
5465:The Reeve's Tale
5450:General Prologue
5432:
5421:Geoffrey Chaucer
5414:
5407:
5400:
5391:
5371:Chaucer Metapage
5352:Caxton's Chaucer
5317:Geoffrey Chaucer
5307:Internet Archive
5276:Geoffrey Chaucer
5273:
5264:Geoffrey Chaucer
5261:
5252:Geoffrey Chaucer
5249:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5189:
5164:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5127:
5115:
5081:Fruoco, Jonathan
5077:
5068:
5007:
4995:
4984:
4978:
4970:
4966:978-019-9582-655
4942:
4941:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4910:
4904:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4785:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4738:. Archived from
4732:
4726:
4725:
4720:. Archived from
4714:
4705:
4704:
4693:
4687:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4644:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4606:
4600:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4527:. Archived from
4516:
4510:
4509:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4485:. Archived from
4475:
4433:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4394:
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4180:
4174:
4173:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4087:Benson, Larry D.
4083:
4077:
4076:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4057:. 8 August 2008.
4047:
4041:
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4032:
4026:
4025:
3999:
3990:
3989:
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3404:
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3328:
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3208:
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2987:
2965:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2685:Womanly Noblesse
2552:Roman de la Rose
2280:Francis Beaumont
2193:Catherine Wheels
2090:William Langland
2072:proto-Protestant
2040:Canterbury Tales
2034:Opening page of
1966:Canterbury Tales
1956:Printed editions
1906:G. K. Chesterton
1877:greatly praised
1861:
1500:
1448:was selected by
1268:Standard English
1252:The Reeve's Tale
1074:Canterbury Tales
939:
919:
897:Feckenham Forest
870:Lords Appellants
813:Peasants' Revolt
770:Canterbury Tales
685:valet de chambre
630:
627:
575:A unicorn's head
528:William Langland
521:Canterbury Tales
481:hose or leggings
441:
360:
357:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
318:Geoffrey Chaucer
307:
191:
189:
114:
93:
90:
77:
67:Geoffrey Chaucer
63:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6604:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6558:
6516:
6498:
6479:
6460:
6433:
6357:
6346:
6316:
6311:
6302:Hengwrt Chaucer
6296:Have a nice day
6266:
6209:
6203:
6178:
6151:
6121:Stage and music
6116:
6097:
6087:Siege of Thebes
6064:
6035:The Monk's Tale
5960:The Cook's Tale
5930:
5921:
5910:
5880:
5875:
5869:A Knight's Tale
5864:(granddaughter)
5852:(wife's sister)
5822:
5798:Harley MS. 7334
5788:Hengwrt Chaucer
5757:
5751:
5738:
5660:
5579:
5545:The Monk's Tale
5470:The Cook's Tale
5440:
5438:
5423:
5418:
5384:Wayback Machine
5335:
5289:Standard Ebooks
5242:
5229:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5167:
5158:
5143:
5141:
5130:
5124:
5107:
5071:
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4755:
4754:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4716:
4715:
4708:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4681:
4677:
4669:Benson, Larry,
4668:
4664:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4634:
4626:
4622:
4607:
4603:
4587:
4583:
4560:10.2307/2865797
4541:
4540:
4536:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4477:
4456:10.2307/2847741
4435:
4434:
4430:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4352:on 23 July 2021
4344:
4343:
4339:
4326:
4322:
4305:
4301:
4292:
4288:
4278:Marchette Chute
4276:
4272:
4263:
4259:
4244:10.2307/2865248
4223:
4222:
4218:
4197:(186): 233–34.
4182:
4181:
4177:
4162:10.2307/3734556
4141:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4127:
4120:
4103:
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4084:
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4062:
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3805:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3778:
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3773:
3742:10.2307/2853640
3727:
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3713:
3709:
3673:
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3654:
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3649:
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3527:
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3405:
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3336:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3272:Coates, Richard
3266:
3265:
3261:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3183:
3182:
3178:
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3110:
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3074:
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3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2883:A Knight's Tale
2878:
2860:
2819:Thomas Hoccleve
2779:
2742:
2713:Merciles Beaute
2693:
2585:
2563:Translation of
2549:Translation of
2546:
2483:
2474:
2420:
2246:, Speght adds:
2238:Later, in "The
2168:Thomas Tyrwhitt
2025:pseudepigraphic
2009:Chaucer's Works
1983:Wynkyn de Worde
1958:
1942:Buckinghamshire
1918:
1890:Charles Dickens
1867:Thomas Hoccleve
1863:
1859:
1851:
1849:Early criticism
1846:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1821:Anne of Bohemia
1807:Valentine's Day
1803:
1458:
1415:Robert Henryson
1391:
1211:Thomas Hoccleve
1203:
1198:
1082:
1070:
1019:
988:
960:North Petherton
951:
950:
949:
948:
947:
940:
932:
931:
920:
909:
829:at the site of
786:St George's Day
653:Duke of Suffolk
628:
581:of Roet below:
564:siege of Rheims
509:
497:Tower of London
453:
448:
436:hailed him as "
434:Thomas Hoccleve
358:
348:
325:
321:
262:
193:
190: 1366)
185:
181:
158:
119:
116:
112:
111:25 October 1400
103:
94:
91:
80:
68:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
6702:
6700:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6549:
6544:
6537:
6530:
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6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6506:
6504:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6457:(12th century)
6454:Roman de Troie
6450:
6449:(14th century)
6441:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6322:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6292:
6287:
6280:
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6268:
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6180:
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6177:
6176:
6168:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6148:(1964 musical)
6141:
6133:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6083:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5923:
5922:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5886:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5865:
5859:
5856:Thomas Chaucer
5853:
5847:
5841:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5803:Adam Pinkhurst
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5770:Heroic couplet
5767:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5349:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5329:
5314:
5309:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5267:
5255:
5241:
5240:External links
5238:
5237:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5180:(4): 407–437.
5174:Chaucer Review
5165:
5156:
5150:
5128:
5122:
5105:
5098:
5078:
5069:
5055:
5008:
5002:
4985:
4965:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4924:
4905:
4888:
4881:
4854:
4832:
4818:
4806:, ed. (1978).
4795:
4762:
4745:
4727:
4706:
4688:
4675:
4662:
4645:
4632:
4620:
4601:
4581:
4534:
4525:UCLA Spotlight
4511:
4492:
4483:colfa.utsa.edu
4428:
4415:
4389:
4363:
4337:
4320:
4299:
4286:
4270:
4257:
4216:
4175:
4156:(2): 405–406.
4134:
4125:
4118:
4096:
4078:
4060:
4042:
4027:
4020:
3991:
3984:
3958:
3951:
3925:
3903:
3896:
3878:
3869:
3860:
3833:(3): 323–336.
3817:
3808:
3799:
3771:
3720:
3707:
3686:(4): 498–526.
3666:
3647:
3635:
3633:, p. 424.
3623:
3611:
3609:, p. 420.
3599:
3573:
3560:
3525:
3513:
3504:
3498:978-0030573743
3497:
3480:
3467:
3453:
3433:
3419:
3399:
3386:MeasuringWorth
3366:
3354:
3347:
3329:
3320:
3306:
3293:
3286:
3268:Hanks, Patrick
3259:
3248:(2): 201–202.
3230:
3223:
3203:
3196:
3176:
3162:
3142:
3135:
3115:
3108:
3086:
3056:
3043:
3021:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2936:England portal
2925:
2911:
2895:
2892:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2829:
2826:Alain Chartier
2822:
2812:
2804:
2788:
2778:
2777:Spurious works
2775:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:The Former Age
2624:
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2561:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2454:Chaucer Review
2419:
2416:
2287:Animadversions
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2211:A unicorn head
2103:Plowman's Tale
2017:Sir Brian Tuke
2001:William Thynne
1993:King's Printer
1989:Richard Pynson
1957:
1954:
1946:John Chadworth
1917:
1914:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
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1764:
1763:
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1754:
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1724:
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1700:
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1560:
1557:
1554:
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1547:
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1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1457:
1454:
1450:William Caxton
1390:
1387:
1274:Modern English
1260:Middle English
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1134:in the 1380s.
1081:
1080:Literary works
1078:
1069:
1066:
1018:
1012:
994:, the wealthy
987:
984:
956:Petherton Park
941:
934:
933:
921:
914:
913:
912:
911:
910:
908:
905:
901:Worcestershire
790:poets laureate
751:Italian poetry
711:Jean Froissart
701:, daughter of
651:, married the
637:Thomas Chaucer
595:Thomas Chaucer
573:Chaucer crest
508:
505:
452:
449:
447:
444:
422:Middle English
313:
312:
309:
308:
300:
299:
295:
294:
287:
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28:
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6609:
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6585:Il Canzoniere
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6446:Il Filostrato
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6164:Trinity Tales
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5844:Philippa Roet
5842:
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5056:9781442672895
5052:
5048:
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5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5013:Burton, T. L.
5009:
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4953:
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4909:
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4897:Adam Scriveyn
4892:
4889:
4884:
4882:0-15-195747-9
4878:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4863:Bloom, Harold
4858:
4855:
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4846:
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4815:
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4805:
4804:Brewer, Derek
4799:
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4779:
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4617:0-631-23590-6
4614:
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4316:0-521-59274-7
4313:
4309:
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4238:(1): 197–98.
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3899:
3897:0-413-75910-5
3893:
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3882:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3867:Ward, p. 109.
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3333:
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3307:
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3289:
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3280:. Oxford UP.
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3163:9781118396988
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3070:History Extra
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2949:Poet-diplomat
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2922:Poetry portal
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2858:Derived works
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2472:List of works
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2399:
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2359:
2357:
2354:'s character
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2191:Gules, three
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2169:
2165:
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2157:
2155:
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2150:Thomas Speght
2147:
2143:
2142:John Wycliffe
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2123:Piers Plowman
2120:
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2108:
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2095:Piers Plowman
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1967:
1962:
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1953:
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1939:
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1926:
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1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:' 1850 novel
1891:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Philip Sidney
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1507:
1506:Original Text
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1399:William Blake
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1319:
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1283:
1282:pronunciation
1279:
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1261:
1256:
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1244:
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992:John of Gaunt
985:
983:
981:
980:Poets' Corner
975:
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924:Poets' Corner
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771:
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763:
762:John Hawkwood
758:
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749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
723:in honour of
722:
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665:Barking Abbey
662:
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638:
634:
633:John of Gaunt
624:, who later (
623:
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369:Poets' Corner
366:
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296:
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286:Notable works
284:
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201:4, including
200:
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179:Philippa Roet
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5813:John Shirley
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5321:
5266:at Wikiquote
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5133:
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4949:Bibliography
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4340:
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3906:
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3443:
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3409:
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3384:
3369:
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3167:. Retrieved
3152:
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3080:
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3069:
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3024:
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3002:
2963:
2888:Paul Bettany
2881:
2879:
2869:
2863:
2848:
2840:
2831:
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2806:
2796:
2790:
2782:
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2760:
2754:
2750:Innocent III
2745:
2732:
2726:
2718:
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2706:
2701:
2696:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:, 1477 print
2666:
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2556:
2550:
2544:Translations
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2475:
2458:Harold Bloom
2453:
2450:
2445:
2439:
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2396:
2392:
2368:
2360:
2352:John Skelton
2342:
2338:
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2331:
2327:
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2319:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
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2294:
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2272:coat of arms
2268:Fleet Street
2258:
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2190:
2186:
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2110:
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2100:
2093:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2046:held in the
2039:
2020:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1987:
1977:
1976:editions of
1971:
1965:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1826:
1817:dream vision
1810:
1804:
1510:
1505:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1470:John Barbour
1459:
1445:
1435:
1431:Romantic era
1426:
1418:
1410:
1407:John Lydgate
1404:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
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1300:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1272:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1225:Anglo-Saxon
1223:alliterative
1216:
1189:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1131:
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1003:
1001:
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952:
879:, a sort of
874:
863:
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847:
838:
810:
802:
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782:
769:
759:
729:
718:
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680:Inn of Court
676:Inner Temple
673:
641:chief butler
599:
586:
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579:canting arms
574:
560:English army
553:
525:
520:
500:
489:
485:
476:
465:
460:
415:
409:
403:
397:
395:
380:
362:
317:
316:
289:
209:
113:(1400-10-25)
60:
38:
29:This is the
23:
6624:1400 deaths
6619:1343 births
6210:derivations
6208:Single tale
6132:(1634 play)
5872:(2001 film)
5765:Rhyme royal
5708:Jack Upland
5584:Other works
5322:In Our Time
4901:Medium Ævum
4629:uoregon.edu
3890:. Methuen.
3460:19 December
3426:19 December
2870:Monk's Tale
2842:Jack Upland
2583:Short poems
2481:Major works
2356:Colin Clout
2324:Jack Upland
2276:family tree
2101:The famous
1881:in his own
1438:John Dryden
1355:arbitration
1351:approaching
1331:altercation
1297:Old English
1231:rhyme royal
827:Blue plaque
797:comptroller
766:condottiere
661:Richard III
629: 1396
532:Gawain Poet
359: 1343
253:short story
167:Plantagenet
147:philosopher
135:Occupations
92: 1343
6608:Categories
6362:Characters
6307:The Tabard
6249:" (Dryden)
6242:(Edwardes)
6183:Literature
6156:Television
6025:Sir Thopas
5535:Sir Thopas
5439:Canterbury
5280:Wikisource
4959:. Oxford.
4792:required.)
4506:Conference
3541:: 139–68.
2994:References
2836:Thomas Usk
2799: – a
2637:Gentilesse
2596:(disputed)
2428:Canterbury
2387:Roman type
2371:Wicklevian
2348:John Colet
2261:Franciscan
2134:Lollardism
2128:Since the
2042:—from the
1898:Luke 23:34
1815:(1382), a
1474:Pearl Poet
1323:Acceptable
1201:Linguistic
1172:Chaucer's
1167:John Gower
1163:Thomas Usk
1050:Gloucester
1002:Chaucer's
907:Later life
831:the Tabard
764:, English
755:Richard II
606:pilgrimage
549:Edward III
387:bureaucrat
377:astronomer
248:lyric poem
151:bureaucrat
6429:Deiphobus
6414:Cassandra
5927:Order of
5780:Order of
5758:and Texts
5196:252866367
4975:cite book
4718:"UWM.edu"
4596:website,
4576:161798842
4472:162849518
3855:162585929
3766:159965790
3702:252860263
3555:194954865
3030:"Chaucer"
2972:quitclaim
2411:John Dart
2402:John Urry
2242:" to the
2201:, French
2160:John Stow
2138:John Foxe
2068:apocrypha
1968:, c. 1400
1910:canonical
1865:The poet
1401:, c. 1800
1379:artillery
1347:annoyance
1196:Influence
1180:astrolabe
893:shillings
835:Southwark
298:Signature
281:from 1368
243:Epic poem
6404:Pandarus
6379:Achilles
6374:Cressida
5808:Scribe D
5756:Language
5665:Spurious
5380:Archived
5355:Archived
5083:(2020).
4865:(1994).
4849:Archived
4548:Speculum
4443:Speculum
4408:25 April
4382:25 April
4231:Speculum
3758:25967434
3730:Speculum
3364:, p. 24.
3036:20 April
3014:20 April
2894:See also
2657:Proverbs
2565:Boethius
2253:friends.
2240:Argument
2183:Speght's
1938:Amersham
1423:Cressida
1389:Literary
1367:arrogant
1264:chancery
1239:couplets
1190:Treatise
1139:Boethius
930:, London
748:medieval
740:Florence
715:Petrarch
669:Henry IV
602:Flanders
585:(French
530:and the
477:chaucier
469:vintners
391:courtier
258:treatise
216:Language
198:Children
155:diplomat
35:reviewed
6563:Related
6547:Cowbell
6394:Diomede
6389:Calchas
6384:Antenor
6369:Troilus
6271:Related
6069:Addenda
5827:Related
5325:at the
5305:at the
5232:Chaucer
5144:12 July
5027:Buffalo
5023:Toronto
4568:2865797
4464:2847741
4356:22 July
4252:2865248
4170:3734556
3976:966–976
3750:2853640
3592:13 July
2828:'s poem
2801:Lollard
2632:Fortune
2197:(Roet,
1931:Lollard
1487:Beowulf
1482:Beowulf
1456:English
1371:arsenic
1359:armless
1339:angrily
1247:dialect
1062:Fortune
1057:Fortune
1041:Fortune
1035:Fortune
1028:Fortune
1023:Fortune
1016:Fortune
881:foreman
833:inn in
817:Aldgate
732:Picardy
694:esquire
519:of the
495:at the
493:moneyer
473:Ipswich
192:
184:
6503:Poetry
6495:(1602)
6476:(1954)
6465:Operas
6438:Source
6419:Hector
6175:(2003)
6167:(1975)
6113:(1972)
5846:(wife)
5194:
5120:
5093:
5063:
5053:
5031:London
5029:, and
5000:
4963:
4879:
4825:18 May
4816:
4786:
4684:Assays
4615:
4574:
4566:
4470:
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4314:
4250:
4211:518116
4209:
4168:
4116:
4073:eNotes
4018:
3982:
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3918:12 May
3894:
3853:
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3792:2 June
3764:
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3106:
3075:22 May
2976:raptus
2589:An ABC
1991:, the
1948:, the
1383:aspect
1327:alkali
1124:, and
1048:, and
690:yeoman
591:Ewelme
539:, the
507:Career
451:Origin
414:, and
236:Genres
226:Period
203:Thomas
173:Spouse
141:Author
97:London
6484:Plays
6424:Paris
6409:Priam
6399:Helen
6102:Films
5858:(son)
5715:Tales
5627:Boece
5441:Tales
5428:Works
5192:S2CID
5061:JSTOR
4594:TEAMS
4572:S2CID
4564:JSTOR
4468:S2CID
4460:JSTOR
4248:JSTOR
4207:JSTOR
4166:JSTOR
3851:S2CID
3843:JSTOR
3762:S2CID
3746:JSTOR
3698:S2CID
3551:S2CID
3392:7 May
2955:Notes
2680:Truth
2576:Boece
2332:Works
2320:Works
2310:Works
2299:Works
2264:friar
2218:Works
2203:rouet
2164:Works
2107:Works
2086:Works
2060:Works
2021:Works
2013:canon
1974:folio
1900:from
1466:Dante
1411:Tales
1343:annex
1335:amble
1309:schwa
1227:metre
1014:Poem
736:Genoa
707:Milan
705:, in
692:, or
649:Alice
587:rouet
577:with
430:Latin
371:, in
186:(
182:
5146:2011
5118:ISBN
5091:ISBN
5051:ISBN
4998:ISBN
4981:link
4961:ISBN
4877:ISBN
4827:2014
4814:ISBN
4613:ISBN
4410:2022
4384:2022
4358:2021
4312:ISBN
4114:ISBN
4016:ISBN
3980:ISBN
3947:ISBN
3920:2020
3892:ISBN
3794:2014
3754:OCLC
3594:2023
3493:ISBN
3462:2007
3449:ISBN
3428:2007
3415:ISBN
3394:2024
3343:ISBN
3282:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3192:ISBN
3171:2021
3158:ISBN
3131:ISBN
3104:ISBN
3077:2022
3038:2020
3016:2020
2341:and
2293:and
2274:and
2092:and
2078:and
1381:and
1363:army
1147:and
1106:and
1046:York
850:Kent
738:and
713:and
678:(an
446:Life
428:and
351:-sər
349:CHAW
144:poet
108:Died
85:Born
6351:'s
5929:The
5915:'s
5437:The
5341:by
5327:BBC
5319:on
5296:at
5287:at
5278:at
5182:doi
5043:doi
4873:226
4778:doi
4556:doi
4452:doi
4331:".
4240:doi
4199:doi
4158:doi
4012:635
3943:600
3835:doi
3787:404
3738:doi
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3373:UK
3250:doi
2795:or
2752:'s
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2148:. (
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