Leigh, Greater Manchester

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later the Classic. Another theatre, the Theatre Royal, was built on Lord Street which later became the Leigh Casino Club. The Palace Cinema was built in 1913 on Railway Road and the assembly rooms above the Conservative Club, were converted to a cinema known as the Sems in 1908. Brewery Lane is a reminder that there was once a brewery in Bedford belonging to George Shaw & Co. The old Leigh College and Library on Railway Road was built between 1894 and 1896 by the Leigh Literary Society to designs by J. C. Prestwich and J. H. Stephen. The present library was built in 1971 between the parish church and town hall.

34: 50: 3143: 519:, which was mentioned in documents in 1202 when it was held by Sir Henry de Kighley whose family held it until the 16th century, but never actually lived there. The Shuttleworths, landowners from the 14th century, were another prominent Bedford family. Richard Shuttleworth married a daughter of the Urmstons from Westleigh and brought part of the Westleigh inheritance to Bedford. This family lived at Shuttleworth House, or Sandypool Farm as it is also known, which is south of the 743:, the last pit to be sunk in Leigh, was one of the deepest in the country, going down to over 3,000 ft (900 m). The extent of mining at Parsonage Colliery increased in the 1960s with the driving of the Horizon Tunnel, which accessed previously inaccessible seams around 6 ft (2 m) high that were easy to work. The seams were wet, and a series of pumps was used to remove the water into underground canals before it was pumped into the canal at Leigh. The 716: 3198: 2865: 613: 1084: 2317: 2334: 2309: 2292: 3178:, was built in Yorkshire stone and was consecrated in 1854. The site to the south of the canal was a rapidly growing area at this time. It is Grade II listed. Westleigh St Paul, founded in 1847 is on Westleigh Lane. Westleigh St Peter, a Grade II* listed building by Paley and Austin, built in brick with red sandstone dressings, was founded 1881 is on Firs Lane. 2752: 3094: 3189:. A growing Catholic population in the area led to the building of Our Lady of the Rosary in Plank Lane in 1879, Twelve Apostles in 1879 and Sacred Heart in 1929. Other denominations catered for include Wesleyan, Independent, Primitive, Welsh and United Methodists. There are also Unitarian, Baptist and Jehovah's Witness places of worship in the town. 446:

and pasture land, and the produce of its dairies, the Leigh cheese, was formerly noted for its excellence. Westleigh, the west clearing, was Westeley in 1237, Westlegh in 1238 and Westlay in Legh in 1292. Pennington was recorded as Pininton and Pynynton in 1246 and 1360, Penynton in 1305, Pynyngton in 1351 and 1442 and Penyngton in 1443, the ending

57: 3081:. On 16 December 1933, the last tram service ran from Leigh to Four Lane Ends and the next day trolley buses took over. An Act of 4 August 1920 authorised Leigh Municipal Borough to run buses. A garage built on Windermere Road was soon outgrown and replaced by one on Holden Road. The corporation had a fleet of 70 vehicles during 2782:), an athletics arena for Leigh Harriers, facilities for Leigh East Rugby League Club, a college campus, hotel, leisure retail and business facilities for the community. In 2011 a Morrisons store opened at the sports village. Additionally, Manchester United's main women's team began to play home games at the stadium in 2018. 1047: 233: 2546:

At the time of the 2001 Census, there were 19,051 people (44.3%) in employment who were resident within Leigh. Of these, 18.36% worked within the wholesale and retail trade, including repair of motor vehicles; 21.60% worked within manufacturing industry; and 11.99% worked within the health and social

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and had a total resident population of 43,006, of which 20,990 (48.8%) were male and 22,016 (51.2%) were female, with 18,270 households. The settlement occupied 884 hectares (3.41 sq mi), compared with 858 hectares (3.31 sq mi) in the 1991 census. Its population density was 48.65

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was read by Squire Thomas Withington of Culcheth Hall and for a while the mob dispersed but reassembled later. Many were injured in the fighting that took place and arrests were made. Those arrested were severely punished, while others ensured that radicalism continued in Leigh, leading eventually to

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manufacturing firm, Bickham and Pownall, was a tenant. Later occupants were Charles Jackson, a cotton manufacturer, Jabez Johnson, and F.W. Bouth founder of Bouth's Mill in 1862, The last resident was the brewer George Shaw. On 3 December 1919 George Shaw & Co Ltd offered the hall and grounds to

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Leigh's wealth as an industrial town resulted in many outlets for the entertainment of its population, including theatres, cinemas and public houses. In 1908 the Hippodrome Theatre on Leigh Road was built on the site of Walker's silk mill of 1827, this subsequently became a cinema, first the Odeon,

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has been in existence since the 12th century and probably much earlier. It was once known as the Church of St Peter at Westleigh in Leigh, and straddles the boundary between the old townships of Westleigh and Pennington, the nave and churchyard, in Westleigh and the chancel in Pennington. Its early

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The Pennington family owned Pennington Hall from about 1200 until they were replaced by the Bradshaw or Bradshaighs in 1312. The Bradshaws held the manor until 1703 when John, the last of the male line died. Pennington Hall was rebuilt in 1748 by the then-owner Samuel Hilton and in 1807 sold to the

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which meant a place at the wood or woodland clearing, a glade and subsequently a pasture or meadow, it was spelt Legh in 1276. Other recorded spellings include Leech, 1264; Leeche, 1268; Leghthe, 1305; Leght, 1417; Lech, 1451; Legh, 16th century. As its name denotes it was a district rich in meadow

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carried out the survey for the line. It opened between Bolton and William Hulton's coal mines at Chequerbent for freight on 1 August 1828 and to the terminus at the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Leigh in March 1830. Passengers were carried from 13 June 1831. The first locomotive on the line was an

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Leigh also has an athletics club, Leigh Harriers AC, founded in 1909, and a Rugby Union club, Leigh RUFC, based at Round Ash Park, which gained promotion in 2007, to RFU league North 2 (West), and is current holder of the Lancashire Trophy which it won in May 2008 for the third consecutive year.

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Another regeneration project on the site of the former Bickershaw Colliery complex which closed in 1992 will redevelop the site and canal side with a country park and housing. In 2011 "The Loom" a £50million retail development opened on the north side of the Bridgewater Canal with a seven-screen

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Burnham retained the Leigh seat with 24,295 votes and a majority of 15,011, representing 51.3% of the vote. Burnham was re-elected MP for the Leigh constituency in 2015 with 24,312 votes which was 53.9% of the total vote cast. He stepped down in 2017 to stand as a candidate for the position of

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history is connected with the Westleigh and Urmston families. Its dedication changed to St Mary the Virgin in the 14th century. The church tower, said to have been built in 1516, is all that remains of the medieval structure, which was replaced by the present church after becoming unsafe.

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section which runs several teams in local bowling leagues. Leigh has two cricket clubs: Leigh Cricket Club play in the ECB Premier League Liverpool Competition, and Westleigh Cricket Club, have two senior and 4 junior teams playing in the Greater Manchester Cricket League.

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existed in 1655 but its foundation is unclear. The building was next to the churchyard, but the school moved to Manchester Road in 1931. Leigh Girls' Grammar School was established in 1921, but both schools were abolished by the then Secretary of State for Education,

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had called for a strike at a time when there was social unrest over the high levels of unemployment and high cost of living. A mob of at least 2,000 gathered in Leigh. About 400–500 workers from Chowbent threatened to burn down Hayes Mill. A detachment of troops from

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royalties. These 18th-century improvements to the spinning process meant that handloom weavers were in great demand. but as power looms were introduced in factories in Manchester there was less work for them and there was serious unemployment in the town. In 1827

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Parish churches have been built in each of the former townships. The first St Thomas's Church in Bedford was consecrated in 1840 and replaced by the present church in 1909. It is built of Accrington red brick with Runcorn red sandstone facings, to designs by

5389: 546:'s time (1189–1199). In 1292 Sigreda, the heiress of the manor, married Richard de Urmston, and the manor passed to the Urmston family and remained there until the last of the male Urmstons died in 1659. It was later abandoned because of mining 527:, which survives today as a Grade II listed building. Another prominent Bedford family, the Sales of Hope Carr Hall, had a great deal of influence in Bedford for over 400 years, and owned more land than the Shuttleworths. The family were 2847:

Historically, Leigh was well connected with local transport infrastructure but, with the closure of the railway in 1969, this is no longer the case. Leigh became, and remains, one of the largest towns in Britain without direct access to the

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merged in 1875, forming the Leigh Local Board District, Leigh became the official name for the town, although it had been applied to the area of Pennington and Westleigh around the parish church for many centuries. The town became an

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is at the junction of Church Street and Silk Street and is a Grade II listed structure. St Joseph's Church and St Thomas's Church on opposite sides of Chapel Street are both imposing churches using different materials and styles.

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people per hectare compared with an average of 40.20 across the Greater Manchester Urban Area. The median age of the population was 37, compared with 36 within the Greater Manchester Urban Area and 37 across England and Wales.

5205: 5129: 5023: 5281: 413:, particularly after the town was connected to the canals and railways. Leigh had an important engineering base. The legacy of Leigh's industrial past can be seen in the remaining red brick mills – some of which are 5061: 3072:

in southern Lancashire was given Royal Assent. However, by November 1900 the South Lancashire Electric Traction and Power Company had acquired the shares. The first section of tramway opened on 20 October 1902 between

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denotes an enclosure, farmstead or manor in Old English. The ford of Beda, probably through the Pennington Brook gave its name to Bedford which was recorded as Beneford from 1200 to 1221 and Bedeford in 1200 and 1296.

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by agents who brought work weekly often to an inn, and where they collected the finished cloth. At first, the work was done to supplement the income of local farmers and their families. The cloth woven in Leigh was

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The earliest signs of human activity in Leigh are evidenced by a Neolithic stone axe found in Pennington and a bronze spearhead from south of Gas Street. A single Roman coin was found at Butts in Bedford. After the

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the people of Leigh. The gift was accepted and opened to the public on 25 August 1920. The hall was converted to a museum and art gallery in 1928 but was demolished in 1963. The grounds are now Pennington Park.

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Originally an agricultural area (noted for dairy farming), domestic spinning and weaving led to a considerable silk industry and, in the 20th century, the cotton industry. Leigh also exploited the underlying

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on 13 August 1886. There were several accidents at Bickershaw Colliery, but the most serious was in 1932, when 19 men were drowned in the sump at the bottom of the shaft after an overwind of the cage.

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silk industry. William Walker was a middleman who opened the first silk mill in Leigh in 1828, and others quickly followed, including James Pownall and Henry Hilton, whose mill survived until 1926. Several

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and is buried in the Tyldesley Chapel in Leigh Parish Church. The Earl of Derby passed through Leigh again in 1651, when he spent his last night in the King's Arms, before going on to his execution outside

6888: 1080:, a judicial division of southwest Lancashire. Pennington, Westleigh and Bedford were three of the six townships or vills that made up the ancient parish of Leigh. The townships existed before the parish. 2509:

The majority of the population of Leigh were born in England (95.92%); 2.10% were born elsewhere within the United Kingdom, 0.95% within the rest of the European Union, and 1.47% elsewhere in the world.

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built along the Bridgewater Canal that are a reminder of Leigh's textile industry but most are now underused and deteriorating despite listed building status. Leigh's War Memorial by local architect

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was established, covering the areas of the former Bedford, Pennington and Westleigh Local Boards of Health. In 1894 the area of the Local Board, together with part of Atherton township, became Leigh

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work sector. 45.16% of households owned a single car or van, with 30.77% owning none. The average car ownership per household was 0.98, compared with 0.93 across the Greater Manchester Urban Area.

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had a superior electric system. In 1974, the two pits were linked underground, and all coal was wound at Bickershaw, which had better facilities, while Parsonage was used for supplies. The entire

5093: 645:, and by the end of the 17th-century middlemen, fustian masters, were dealing directly with weavers and selling the finished cloth in Manchester. It is a tradition in the town that a local man, 3925: 8238: 2219:. The Bridgewater Canal and the Leigh Branch of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal cross the town west to east, the canals meeting at Leigh Bridge just south of the town centre. In the 1930s the 5679: 5928: 2188:

occurs in Bedford and neighbouring Astley. Mining subsidence and flooding have caused the formation of "flashes" to the south and west of the town, the largest of which is south of the

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to the middle of Leigh in 1795. In 1819 the fifth Leeds and Liverpool Canal Act was passed for the construction of the Leigh Branch and by 1820 the Leigh branch canal was cut from the

2176:. The area is in the River Mersey Basin; drained into the Mersey by several streams, including the Westleigh and Pennington Brooks that join others flowing through Bedford to form the 8424: 4100: 707:

is a Grade II* listed building. Mather Lane Mill close to the Bridgewater Canal is a Grade II listed building. More than 6,000 people were employed in textiles in Leigh in 1911.

7385: 6944: 273: 3346:, a gift to Leigh from Lord Lilford in 1914 and Pennington Park, the grounds of Pennington Hall which was demolished in 1963 after being used as a museum, are open to the public. 579:. A battle was fought in the town on 2 December 1642, when a group of Chowbenters, men from neighbouring Atherton, beat back and then routed Cavalier troops under the command of 137: 8419: 8289: 3558: 703:

The large multi-storey spinning mills came later, and five survive today. Mill complexes were built at Kirkhall Lane and Firs Lane in Westleigh, and in Pennington and Bedford.

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designed the present church, the foundation stone was laid in 1871 and the church consecrated in 1873. The church is built in red sandstone it is a Grade II* listed building.

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At the end of the 16th century, although agriculture and the dairy industry, particularly the production of Leigh cheese, sometimes known as Leigh Toaster, were important,

4352: 1237: 1026:. The factory burnt down in 1912. Anchor Cables had a large works close to the Bridgewater Canal. The company was bought by Callender's Cables, in 1903, later to become 96: 8359: 8319: 257: 3690: 1149: 5814: 5589: 5400: 5292: 5254: 5216: 5178: 5140: 5072: 5034: 8414: 1145: 281: 8314: 5350: 2249: 4876: 1175: – one of the few parts of England to have been in three different counties since the mid-20th century: Lancashire, then Greater Manchester, then Cheshire. 3650: 414: 3251:(formerly Leigh RMI), which ceased operations at a senior level in June 2011. The most successful amateur club is Leigh Athletic, which currently plays in the 550:

and Westleigh Old Hall became the manor by repute. The Ranicars and the Marsh families lived here. Westleigh Old Hall was another Leigh hall that had a moat.

8309: 8064: 7586: 5781: 3405: 7060: 7169: 5847: 5744: 3182: 1061:, although Atherton South does include some properties in Leigh. Each ward elects three councillors to the 75-member metropolitan borough council, Wigan's 7364: 4903: 3039: 2921: 1118: 398: 250: 49: 4777: 317: 5624: 4528: 3181:

The first Catholic chapel was built in Bedford on the corner of Mather Lane and Chapel Street in 1778 and this lasted until it was replaced in 1855 by

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in what was a sparsely populated and isolated part of the country is provided by local township place names that incorporate the Old English suffix

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served the town. The railway crossed the town on a viaduct which has since been largely demolished; it closed in May 1969. After the reopening of

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at Poolstock, Wigan to meet the Bridgewater at Leigh Bridge, giving access from Leigh to all parts of Lancashire, Yorkshire and the Midlands.

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and Four Lanes Ends via Leigh and Atherton. The company got into financial difficulty and in turn became Lancashire United Tramways later

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and there are local independent and multiple retailers. The Spinning Gate Centre in the centre of town has about thirty retail units. A

245: 33: 5583: 5394: 5286: 5248: 5210: 5172: 5134: 5066: 5028: 3904: 3863: 3826: 3751: 8404: 8349: 8253: 6594: 6564: 6534: 6467: 5985: 5964: 5907: 5877: 5706: 4312: 4282: 4142: 3633: 2965: 2242: 1182: 6151: 8278: 7882: 7684: 7543: 7525: 7507: 7485: 7422: 7256: 7200: 6786: 6272: 5754: 5431: 5323: 3385: 3381: 3312: 8202: 8192: 6950: 6027: 4590: 3986: 1018:, which was in Leigh following the acquisition in 1955 of Harrison, McGregor and Guest's Albion range of farm machinery products. 8369: 7679: 7579: 7091: 7038: 6589: 6559: 6529: 6462: 6090: 5959: 5902: 5872: 4748: 4406: 4307: 4277: 4137: 3281: 3011: 3007: 2853: 580: 299: 554:

Gaskell family of Thornes, Wakefield, who let it to a succession of tenants. Around 1840 James Pownall, a founder member of the

8273: 7231: 7206: 6488: 3031: 1223: 207: 173: 6172: 5820: 4715: 3772: 2156:, is 50 feet (15 m) above mean sea level. The highest land, to the north and west, rises gently to 125 feet (38 m). 8141: 8041: 8016: 7674: 7664: 7596: 6813: 5313: 4962: 4433: 4373: 2957: 2498: 465: 385: 6356: 6329: 6124: 5437: 4996: 4949:

Geologists call it a magnesian limestone, but it has very little resemblance to the true magnesian limestone from Yorkshire.

1065:. As of 2009, all nine ward councillors for Leigh, including leader of the council, Lord Smith of Leigh, are members of the 6695: 4169: 8339: 7944: 7904: 7699: 6668: 5729: 5572: 5383: 5275: 5237: 5199: 5161: 5123: 5055: 5017: 2502: 2402: 2395: 2235: 2193: 1168: 1073: 1058: 671: 508:, Astley, and Tyldesley cum Shakerley. Weekly markets were held by the parish church and a cattle fair held twice-yearly. 389: 354: 127: 89: 6619: 5464: 1189:. Between 10 June 2009 and the 2010 general election he was Secretary of State at the Department of Health. At the 727:

in Westleigh since the 12th century but during the second half of the 19th century it became possible to mine the deeper

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scheme was chosen for the route; this decision was not universally popular. Construction commenced in 2012 and the

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terraced housing packed around the town centre. Leigh's present-day economy is based largely on the retail sector.

5790: 3584:, lived in children's homes in and around Leigh and attended Leigh Church of England Secondary school, now closed. 1101:, established on 26 January 1837 and responsible for an area covering the whole of the ancient parish and part of 8096: 7613: 7161: 6410: 3655: 3617: 3171: 3065: 2996: 2941: 2885: 2301: 2189: 2157: 1211: 1164: 763: 304: 238: 6199: 5841: 5760: 1057:

Leigh is covered by three electoral wards, Leigh Central & Higher Folds, Leigh South and Leigh West, of the

8177: 7974: 7857: 7832: 7767: 7356: 3581: 3428: 3102: 2979: 2953: 2873: 2835: 2216: 1171:, a local government district of Greater Manchester. In 1998, an area (Lately Common) was further ceded to the 187: 6431: 4897: 1153: 4769: 8364: 5628: 4532: 3595: 3587: 3548: 3541: 3478: 3324: 3125: 597: 4554: 759:

is closed to deep mining, although several open-cast mines are still in operation elsewhere in the county.

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opened in 1935. The line was closed to passenger traffic on 29 March 1954, and later closed completely.

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is a 490-acre (200 ha) country park and nature reserve with a 170-acre (69 ha) flash or lake.

1172: 1114: 1110: 7386:"Inspirational poet Lemn Sissay on growing up in care and his campaign to become university chancellor" 6262: 6235: 2513:

Data on religious beliefs across the town in the 2001 census show that 85.5% declared themselves to be

1022:-manufacture was another local industry: Mansley's Rope works on Twist Lane made rope by hand, using a 2759:

Leigh has a traditional town centre with daily outdoor and indoor markets. Part of the town centre is

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Many of Leigh's old halls have been demolished but the sites of Lilford Park, once the grounds of

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were built in Leigh after the mid-1830s, and some silk mills were converted to cotton after 1870.

8374: 7862: 7787: 7602: 7326: 5657: 4073: 3525: 3462: 3458: 3053: 916: 740: 501: 358: 163: 155: 145: 112: 70: 3493:(1938–2021), professional footballer, was born in Leigh and was a pupil at Leigh Grammar School. 2814:

is also situated here. Many town centre buildings including the Boar's Head public house are in

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lines crossed the town but, with the closure of the collieries, these were no longer required.

8217: 8167: 7986: 7727: 7539: 7521: 7503: 7481: 7418: 7277: 7196: 7104: 6782: 6728: 6494: 6268: 5750: 5723: 5427: 5319: 4931: 4925: 4667: 4636: 3483: 3392: 3304: 3244: 2983: 2933: 2893: 2889: 2779: 2540: 1102: 1066: 658: 568: 520: 402: 3052:, Leigh is now one of the largest towns in Great Britain without a railway station. Numerous 405:. The first town hall was built on King Street and replaced by the present building in 1907. 7096: 6909: 6585: 6555: 6525: 6458: 5955: 5898: 5868: 4694: 4303: 4273: 4133: 3896: 3855: 3818: 3743: 3509: 3454: 3300: 3213: 3155: 3113: 2992: 2975: 2819: 2767:

developed on the old Parsonage Colliery site is within walking distance of the town centre.

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and peaty soils, but the rest is loam overlaying sandstone, or coal measures in the north.

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Major landmarks in Leigh are the red sandstone parish church and across the civic square,

2227: 2185: 1087: 1062: 1167:, the Municipal Borough of Leigh was abolished and its territory included as part of the 3395:(1925–2018), organic chemist, was born in Leigh and was a pupil at Leigh Grammar School. 1206:

with 26,347 votes which was 56.2% of the total votes cast. Jo Platt was defeated in the

715: 4742: 3611: 3591: 3273: 3167: 3108: 2775: 2760: 2212: 2169: 1098: 1031: 744: 728: 704: 650: 532: 497: 7034: 4412: 2916:. There had been suggestions to reopen the railway via Tyldesley to Manchester, but a 670:

weaving began in Leigh, either as the result of a dispute or a labour shortage in the

8398: 8136: 8121: 8101: 7782: 3625: 3529: 3502: 3468: 3377: 3308: 3221: 3186: 2917: 2849: 410: 7227: 7190: 6504: 3197: 8126: 8116: 8086: 8036: 7887: 6178: 4721: 3778: 3621: 3599: 3571: 3568:, daughter of James Pownall the silk manufacturer, was born and raised in the town. 3565: 3451:(born Clive Powell, 1943), rhythm and blues singer and musician, was born in Leigh. 3448: 3229: 3209: 3082: 2815: 2811: 2161: 1178: 646: 524: 7118: 6819: 5329: 4968: 4442: 4382: 3636:. Woods holds the record for most career points. There is a statue of him outside 3574:(1955–2018), singer, songwriter and guitarist was a pupil at Leigh Grammar School. 515:

includes the feudal barony of Atherleigh, created by Queen Elizabeth, and Bedford

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Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain and Ireland 1851–1951

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D90223 : Greater Manchester Urban Area – Leigh (urban area subdivisions) map

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which publishes on Thursdays. Other regional newspapers that cover the town are

8151: 8091: 8056: 7991: 7837: 7035:"LEIGH HACKSPACE CIC – Overview (free company information from Companies House)" 6866: 6701: 5574: