1654:
1638:
857:
921:
1106:
638:
1321:
1688:
571:
1673:
1312:, had organised a defence of the fortress. The apparent half-heartedness of the ensuing siege, called off by Władysław on 19 September, has been variously ascribed to the impregnability of the fortifications, high Lithuanian casualties, to Władysław's unwillingness to risk further casualties, or to his desire to keep the Order weakened but undefeated so as to not upset the balance of power between Poland (which would most likely acquire most of the Order possessions if it was totally defeated) and Lithuania; but a lack of sources precludes a definitive explanation.
1653:
1271:
49:
1179:
1505:
1620:
1421:, lobbied for an end to the forced conversion of heathens and to the Order's aggression against Lithuania and Poland. As a result of the Polish–Lithuanian diplomacy, the council, though scandalised by Włodkowic's questioning of the legitimacy of the monastic state, denied the Order's request for a further crusade and instead entrusted the conversion of the Samogitians to Poland–Lithuania.
1201:. Władysław promised to repay Vytautas for his support by restoring Samogitia to Lithuania in any future peace treaty. The uprising, which began in May 1409, at first provoked little reaction from the Knights, who had not yet consolidated their rule in Samogitia by building castles; but by June their diplomats were busy lobbying Władysław's court at
634:, which became within a century the most serious rival and threat to the integrity, well-being and survival of Lithuania. However, in 1380 Muscovy was greatly weakened by tremendous losses suffered during the battle and thus, in the same year, Jogaila was free to begin a struggle for supremacy with Kęstutis.
1637:
1581:
in 1434, leaving Poland to his elder son, Władysław III, and
Lithuania to his younger, Casimir, both still minors at the time. The Lithuanian inheritance, however, could not be taken for granted. Władysław's death ended the personal union between the two realms, and it was not clear what would take
911:
One effect of
Jagiello's measures was to be the advancement of Catholics in Lithuania at the expense of Orthodox elements; in 1387 and 1413, for example, Lithuanian Catholic boyars were granted special judicial and political privileges denied to the Orthodox boyars. As this process gained momentum,
1084:
between the two states, strengthening
Lithuania's hand for a new war against the Teutonic Order in which Poland officially took no part. While the document left the liberties of the Polish nobles untouched, it granted increased power to the boyars of Lithuania, whose grand dukes had till then been
838:
were the main converts to
Catholicism—both paganism and the Orthodox rite remained strong among the peasants—the king's conversion and its political implications created lasting repercussions for the history of both Lithuania and Poland. On 22 February 1387, he banned Catholics from marriages with
982:
of the
Teutonic Order, laid siege to Vilnius, which was held by Władysław's regent Skirgaila with combined Polish, Lithuanian and Ruthenian troops. Although the Knights lifted the siege of the castle after a month, they reduced much of the outer city to ruins. This bloody conflict was eventually
1569:
with concessions to ensure their agreement, since the monarchy was elective. In 1427 the Polish nobles had initiated an anti-Jagiellonian movement, seeking to have Władysław and
Casimir excluded from the Polish throne as they had no blood link to the previous ruling Polish dynasty, the Piasts.
1247:
Meanwhile, both sides unleashed diplomatic offensives. The
Knights dispatched letters to the monarchs of Europe, preaching their usual crusade against the heathens; Władysław countered with his own letters to the monarchs, accusing the Order of planning to conquer the whole world. Such appeals
1348:
river. Most of the
Teutonic Order's territory, however, including towns that had surrendered, remained intact. Władysław then released many high-ranking Teutonic Knights and officials for apparently modest ransoms. The cumulative expense of the ransoms, however, proved a drain on the Order's
713:
river. However, when
Jogaila failed to ratify the treaty, the Knights invaded Lithuania in the summer of 1383. In 1384, Jogaila reconciled with Vytautas promising to return his patrimony in Trakai. Vytautas then turned against the Knights, attacking and looting several Prussian castles.
1051:, but within a month the mother and daughter died, leaving Władysław sole ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and without an heir nor much legitimacy to rule the kingdom. Jadwiga's death undermined Władysław's right to the throne, and as a result old conflicts between the nobility of
2182:). However, Rowell suggests that the nature of this dual rule "...reflects political expediency; it certainly does not meet the formal definition of diarchy as 'rule by two independent authorities'...those two leaders were not equal: the grand duke in Vilnius was supreme" (
1459:
was left to the Order. This border remained largely unchanged for roughly 500 years, until 1920. The terms of this treaty have, however, been seen as turning a Polish victory into defeat, as a result of Władysław's renunciation of Polish claims to
Pomerania, Pomerelia, and
1278:
When the war resumed in June 1410, Władysław advanced into the Teutonic heartland at the head of an army of about 20,000 mounted nobles, 15,000 armed commoners, and 2,000 professional cavalry mainly hired from Bohemia. After crossing the Vistula over the pontoon bridge at
943:
remained in Lithuania. From then on, however, the Order found it harder to sustain the cause of a crusade and faced the growing threat to its existence posed by the Kingdom of Poland and a genuinely Christian Lithuania alliance. Władysław sponsored the creation of the
1228:(German: Bromberg). Władysław arrived on the scene in late September, retook Bydgoszcz within a week, and came to terms with the Order on 8 October. During the winter, the two armies prepared for a major confrontation. Władysław installed a strategic supply depot at
401:
429:
1440:, attempted a regency in war-torn Bohemia, with little success. Vytautas accepted Sigismund's offer of a royal crown in 1429—apparently with Władysław's blessing—but Polish forces intercepted the crown in transit and the coronation was cancelled.
1307:
now lay open, the city undefended; but for reasons the sources do not explain, Władysław hesitated to pursue his advantage. On 17 July, his army began a laboured advance, arriving at Marienburg only on 25 July, by which time the new Grand Master,
1397:
tactics of burning fields and mills; but both the Knights and the Lithuanians were too exhausted from the previous war to risk a major battle, and the fighting petered out in the autumn. Hostilities did not flare up again until 1419, during the
1295:
after one of the largest and most ferocious battles of the Middle Ages, the allies won a victory so overwhelming that the Teutonic Order's army was virtually annihilated, with most of its key commanders killed in combat, including Grand Master
525:, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of
1074:
of 1401 confirmed the status of Vytautas as grand duke under Władysław's overlordship, while assuring the title of grand duke to the heirs of Władysław rather than those of Vytautas: should Władysław die without heirs, the Lithuanian
586:
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania to which Jogaila succeeded as Grand Duke in 1377 was a political entity composed of two leading, but very different nationalities and two political systems: ethnic Lithuania in the north-west and the vast
877:. In 1390, she also personally opened negotiations with the Teutonic Order. Most political responsibilities, however, fell to Jagiello, with Jadwiga attending to the cultural and charitable activities for which she is still revered.
1381:. The act included a clause prohibiting the Polish nobility from electing a monarch without the consent of the Lithuanian nobility, and the Lithuanian nobility from electing a grand duke without the consent of the Polish monarch.
864:
Władysław II Jagiello and Jadwiga reigned as co-monarchs; and though Jadwiga probably had little real power, she took an active part in Poland's political and cultural life. In 1387, she led two successful military expeditions to
1088:
In late 1401, the new war against the Order overstretched the resources of the Lithuanians, who found themselves fighting on two fronts after uprisings in the eastern provinces. Another of Władysław's brothers, the malcontent
1436:, which he was not prepared to do. After Władysław's refusal, Vytautas was postulated (elected in absentia) as Bohemian king, but he assured the pope that he opposed the heretics. Between 1422 and 1428, Władysław's nephew,
542:
Little is known of Jogaila's early life, and even his year of birth is uncertain. Previously historians assumed he was born in 1352, but some recent research suggests a later date—about 1362. He was a descendant of the
967:. The decision may not have improved Władysław's relations with the Order, but it served to introduce closer ties between Lithuania and Poland, enabling the Polish church to freely assist its Lithuanian counterpart.
1141:. Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired lands, the Poles and Lithuanians to deal with territorial challenges in the east and in
1079:
were to elect a new monarch. Since no heir had yet been produced by either monarch, the implications of the union were unforeseeable, but it forged bonds between the Polish and Lithuanian nobility and a permanent
1479:
as grand duke of Lithuania, but when Švitrigaila, with the support of the Teutonic Order and dissatisfied Rus' nobles, rebelled against Polish overlordship in Lithuania, the Poles, under the leadership of Bishop
685:
began. He seized Vilnius, overthrew Jogaila, and pronounced himself grand duke in his place. In 1382, Jogaila raised an army from his father's vassals and confronted Kęstutis near Trakai. Kęstutis and his son
1376:
on 2 October 1413 decreed that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was "tied to our Kingdom of Poland permanently and irreversibly", and granted the Catholic nobles of Lithuania privileges equal to those of Polish
817:
on 15 February 1386 and from then on formally used the name Władysław or Latin versions of it. The marriage took place three days later, and on 4 March 1386 Jogaila was crowned King Władysław by archbishop
1432:, the emperor elect and new king of Bohemia. In 1421, the Bohemian Diet declared Sigismund deposed and formally offered the crown to Władysław on condition that he accept the religious principles of the
595:, comprising the lands of modern Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of western Russia. At first, Jogaila—like his father—based his rule in the southern and eastern territories of Lithuania, while his uncle,
1475:
Cracks in the cooperation between Poland and Lithuania after the death of Vytautas in 1430 had offered the Knights a revived opportunity for interference in Poland. Władysław supported his brother
1209:
that if the Knights acted to suppress Samogitia, Poland would intervene. This stung the Order into issuing a declaration of war against Poland on 6 August, which Władysław received on 14 August in
856:
830:
to be crowned as the King of Poland. The royal baptism triggered the conversion of most of Jogaila's court and noblemen, as well as mass baptisms in Lithuanian rivers, a beginning of the final
5349:
1409:
and Samogitian witnesses; they arrived at Constance at the end of that year to express their preference for being "baptised with water and not with blood". The Polish envoys, among them
2203:, p. 205). Dmitri, however, made it a condition of the marriage that Jogaila "should be baptized in the Orthodox faith and that he should proclaim his Christianity to all men" (
1451:
ended the Knights' claims to Samogitia once and for all and defined a permanent border between Prussia and Lithuania. Lithuania was given the province of Samogitia, with the port of
1565:
The death in 1431 of his daughter Hedwig (Jadwiga), the last heir of Piast blood, released Władysław to make his sons by Sophia of Halshany his heirs, though he had to placate the
2199:
suggests Jogaila may have already been an Orthodox Christian: "In 1377, Olgerd of Lithuania died, leaving the Grand Principality to his son Jagiello, an Orthodox Christian..." (
2150:
2082:
2518:
920:
1085:
unencumbered by checks and balances of the sort attached to the Polish monarchy. The Union of Vilnius and Radom therefore earned Władysław a measure of support in Lithuania.
478:
to Catholicism. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, lasted a further thirty-five years, and laid the foundation for the centuries-long
806:
between Lithuania and Poland to a complete incorporation of Lithuania into Poland. The agreement at Kreva has been described both as far-sighted and as a desperate gamble.
1349:
resources. This failure to exploit the victory to his nobles' satisfaction provoked growing opposition to Władysław's regime after 1411, further fueled by the granting of
2087:
3411:
1672:
1405:
The Council of Constance proved a turning point in the Teutonic crusades, as it did for several European conflicts. Vytautas sent a delegation in 1415, including the
626:. Jogaila failed to support Mamai, lingering in the vicinity of the battlefield, which led to Mamai's army's significant defeat at the hands of Prince Dmitri in the
4886:
763:, who required him first to convert to Orthodoxy. That option, however, was unlikely to halt the crusades against Lithuania by the Teutonic Knights, who regarded
1205:, warning his nobles against Polish involvement in a war between Lithuania and the Order. Władysław, however, bypassed his nobles and informed new Grand Master
1097:, where he won the backing of the Knights with concessions similar to those made by Jogaila and Vytautas during earlier leadership contests in the Grand Duchy.
1160:. Władysław turned the deal down with the agreement of both Polish and Silesian nobles, unwilling to burden himself with new military commitments in the west.
4314:
1332:, in which neither Poland nor Lithuania drove home negotiating advantages home to the full, much to the discontent of the Polish nobility. Poland regained
1105:
783:. The Polish nobles saw the offer as an opportunity for increasing their privileges and avoiding Austrian influence, brought by Jadwiga's previous fiancé
4515:
1687:
1468:
in return. The Treaty of Melno closed a chapter in the Knights' wars with Lithuania but did little to settle their long-term issues with Poland. Further
637:
5399:
779:
made this offer to Jogaila for many reasons. They wanted to neutralize the dangers posed by Lithuania itself and to secure the fertile territories of
741:
of the Lithuanian language. According to the Teutonic Order's testimonial, he could not read nor write, and had to listen to others reading for him.
3416:
987:, by which Władysław handed over the government of Lithuania to his cousin in exchange for peace: Vytautas was to rule Lithuania as the grand duke (
1169:
3439:
2601:
2705:
2587:
2415:
1447:, against the Teutonic Order, defeating them in under two months before the Order's imperial reinforcements had time to arrive. The resulting
5334:
5329:
4141:
4123:
4103:
4085:
4067:
4000:
3980:
3962:
3896:
3877:
3859:
3841:
3819:
3801:
3783:
3765:
3735:
3679:
3649:
3631:
3586:
3552:
3532:
3512:
3494:
2595:
630:. The Muscovites' Pyrrhic victory over the Golden Horde, in the long term, signified, however, the beginning of a slow climb to power by the
975:
904:. Władysław's policy of unifying the two legal systems was partial and uneven at first but achieved a lasting influence. By the time of the
682:
4650:
4645:
1469:
5384:
5344:
4879:
939:
of the Teutonic Knights, who claimed his conversion was a sham, perhaps even a heresy, and renewed their incursions on the pretext that
798:(Union of Kreva). The promises included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands "stolen" from Poland by its neighbours, and
27:
5173:
5169:
3932:
2077:
258:
5379:
5359:
3914:
1093:, chose this moment to stir up revolts behind the lines and declare himself grand duke. On 31 January 1402, he presented himself in
1018:. Shortly afterwards, Vytautas was crowned as a king by local nobles; but the following year his forces and those of his ally, Khan
368:
5221:
4814:
4555:
2019:
1527:
1320:
1256:, allied himself with the Order and declared war against Poland on 12 July, though his Hungarian vassals refused his call to arms.
610:, the eldest son of Algirdas, challenged Jogaila's authority and sought to become Grand Duke. In 1380, Andrei and another brother,
321:
4307:
2547:
2269:
1496:
as grand duke, leading to an armed struggle over the Lithuanian succession which stuttered on for years after Władysław's death.
1481:
999:
to become prince of Kiev. Vytautas initially accepted his status but soon began to pursue Lithuania's independence from Poland.
603:, continued to rule the north-western region. Jogaila's succession, however, soon placed this system of dual rule under strain.
5404:
5246:
4839:
1619:
705:, which rewarded the Knights for their aid in defeating Kęstutis and Vytautas by promising Christianisation and granting them
20:
4905:
4872:
1249:
1153:
560:
5364:
4741:
2030:
1552:
1429:
1253:
1048:
831:
722:
475:
329:
316:
215:
125:
4690:
1216:
The castles guarding the northern border were in such bad condition that the Knights easily captured those at Złotoryja,
959:. The bishopric, which included Samogitia, then largely controlled by the Teutonic Order, was subordinated to the see of
908:
in 1569, there was not much difference between the administrative and judicial systems in force in Lithuania and Poland.
5394:
5389:
5319:
2277:
570:
4530:
4284:
479:
5279:
5260:
5005:
4962:
4930:
4910:
4300:
4031:
4009:
1805:
1707:
1031:
5236:
4829:
3360:
4640:
5374:
3598:(1994), "Die Religionspolitik von König Wladyslaw Jagiello im polnisch-litauischen Reich in den Jahren 1385–1434",
1071:
678:
4625:
1217:
1117:
on 22 May 1404. Władysław acceded to the formal cession of Samogitia and agreed to support the Order's designs on
1002:
The protracted period of war between the Lithuanians and the Teutonic Knights was ended on 12 October 1398 by the
5182:
4776:
4672:
4585:
4479:
2265:
2096:
929:
443:
970:
In 1389, Władysław's rule in Lithuania faced a revived challenge from Vytautas, who resented the power given to
767:
as schismatics and little better than heathens. Jogaila chose therefore to accept a Polish proposal to become a
5369:
4953:
4667:
1577:
in the 48th year of his reign, Władysław caught a cold from which he was unable to recover. He finally died in
784:
694:, where Kęstutis was found dead, probably murdered, a week later. Vytautas escaped to the Teutonic fortress of
491:
235:
5121:
4590:
4535:
4505:
4495:
4340:
160:
1433:
1291:. The Teutonic Order's army had about 18,000 cavalry, mostly Germans, and 5,000 infantry. On 15 July, at the
1010:
where it was signed. Lithuania agreed to cede Samogitia and assist the Teutonic Order in a campaign to seize
5339:
5211:
4804:
4705:
4620:
4490:
4463:
4422:
4331:
4323:
4230:
4203:
1598:
1369:
1300:
and Grand Marshal Friedrich von Wallenrode. Thousands of troops were reportedly slaughtered on either side.
1134:
1034:, ending his imperial ambitions in the east and obliging him to submit to Władysław's protection once more.
764:
575:
435:
66:
1504:
5241:
5231:
5019:
4834:
4824:
4485:
2273:
2101:
1678:
526:
4560:
1114:
606:
At the start of his reign, Jogaila was preoccupied with unrest in the Lithuanian Rus' lands. In 1377–78,
563:. His name had a meaning of more courageous and superior than others, he spent most of his early time in
5155:
4766:
4695:
4565:
4540:
4412:
1493:
1329:
1064:
979:
695:
631:
522:
474:, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387, he
5099:
1418:
1270:
897:
780:
3447:
2574:
1178:
1156:, who offered to return Silesia to Poland if Władysław supported him in his power struggle within the
978:, aiming to become the Grand Duke. On 4 September 1390, the joint forces of Vytautas and Grand Master
5324:
5216:
5140:
4921:
4809:
4746:
4728:
4660:
3291:
2072:
2050:
1558:
1406:
1399:
1297:
1206:
1122:
556:
494:. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572, and became one of the most influential dynasties in late
483:
455:
334:
254:
1360:
In an effort to outflank his critics, Władysław promoted the leader of the opposing faction, bishop
48:
5354:
5191:
5150:
5145:
5058:
4784:
4761:
4756:
4595:
4570:
4545:
2247:, p. 55). It was "a desperate gamble by Jogaila to avert a seemingly inevitable subjugation" (
2135:
2126:
1914:
1873:
1744:
1605:
1578:
1535:
1373:
1309:
1194:
984:
956:
874:
843:, and demanded those Orthodox who previously married with the Catholics to convert to Catholicism.
835:
823:
718:
717:
It is known that Jogaila, being ethnic Lithuanian by the man's line, himself knew and spoke in the
611:
499:
394:
293:
1410:
1361:
5206:
5131:
5075:
4799:
4713:
4580:
4524:
4500:
4473:
3834:
The Medieval Chronicle: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Medieval Chronicle
1930:
1541:
1292:
1265:
1182:
1173:
1081:
945:
870:
738:
726:
627:
518:
506:
298:
5201:
4794:
3667:
1601:, is named in honour of the fact that he initiated the tradition of royal hunting in the area.
5226:
5087:
4819:
4718:
4575:
4273:
4250:
4167:
4159:
4137:
4119:
4099:
4081:
4063:
3996:
3990:
3976:
3958:
3946:
3928:
3910:
3892:
3873:
3855:
3837:
3829:
3815:
3797:
3779:
3761:
3731:
3714:
3675:
3645:
3627:
3607:
3582:
3548:
3542:
3528:
3508:
3490:
2591:
2332:
1693:
1664:
1660:
1437:
1190:
1157:
1003:
949:
912:
it was accompanied by the rise of both Rus' and Lithuanian identity in the fifteenth century.
901:
772:
750:
729:
with Jogaila, were able to communicate with the natives, therefore Jogaila himself taught the
607:
487:
451:
357:
349:
308:
283:
205:
177:
4113:
3725:
2243:
It "reflects the exceptional far-sightedness of the political elites ruling both countries" (
4600:
4550:
3620:
2322:
1574:
1545:
702:
658:
4630:
4615:
2196:
1509:
1448:
1027:
996:
952:
905:
810:
734:
422:
269:
54:
1591:
1461:
1333:
1126:
1059:
began to surface. In 1402, Władysław answered the rumblings against his rule by marrying
5269:
5196:
5116:
4986:
4789:
4605:
4368:
4264:
3889:
The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus
3574:
3412:"Jogailos planeta skrieja Saulės sistemoje – Lenkijos siūlymas oficialiai patvirtintas"
3283:
2272:, who was Queen Jadwiga's great-grandfather and unified the kingdom in 1320, and Saint
2217:
2162:
2091:
1476:
1414:
1394:
1237:
1090:
1056:
803:
795:
760:
756:
650:
615:
600:
592:
552:
514:
510:
447:
378:
171:
154:
4635:
2519:"Ar perrašinėjamos istorijos pasakų įkvėpta Baltarusija gali kėsintis į Rytų Lietuvą?"
5313:
5295:
4976:
4751:
4682:
4450:
2227:
2106:
1889:
1520:
1060:
1052:
964:
896:
on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of
889:
776:
690:
entered Jogaila's encampment for negotiations but were tricked and imprisoned in the
666:
662:
288:
2281:
1210:
866:
791:
691:
623:
579:
353:
4440:
4407:
1280:
1252:
signed a defensive treaty with the Poles against the Teutonic Order; his brother,
1130:
3708:
3522:
53:
King Władysław II Jagiełło, detail of the Triptych of Our Lady of Sorrows in the
5094:
4223:
4213:
3595:
3527:, translated by Walter J. Renfroe, Budapest: Central European University Press,
3386:
2327:
2310:
1629:
1456:
1023:
1007:
827:
730:
674:
670:
596:
495:
459:
119:
102:
4015:
513:, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the
5038:
5029:
4389:
3749:
1444:
1390:
1221:
1149:
1019:
544:
3611:
2336:
5106:
5053:
5014:
4939:
4458:
4382:
4354:
4115:
Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2): Baltic Stone Castles 1184–1560
1722:
1337:
1225:
1198:
971:
873:, had transferred from Poland to Hungary, and secured the homage of Voivode
840:
826:, so retaining the throne in the event of Jadwiga's death. He was the first
706:
646:
463:
142:
31:
4043:
885:
814:
800:
terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare
471:
58:
3658:
Jakštas, J.; Ivinskis, Z.; Sužiedėlis, S.; Šapoka, A.; Šležas, P. (1935),
5111:
5070:
5065:
5043:
4971:
4430:
4396:
4375:
4240:
4196:
3973:
Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-central Europe, 1295–1345
2700:
2523:
1794:
1566:
1489:
1465:
1378:
1354:
1284:
1229:
1202:
1138:
1015:
819:
768:
687:
588:
548:
439:
148:
96:
4864:
1424:
The diplomatic context at Constance included the revolt of the Bohemian
721:
with Vytautas, his cousin from the Gediminids dynasty. Also, during the
5048:
4468:
4361:
2583:
1485:
1452:
1425:
1365:
1350:
1341:
1304:
1241:
1233:
1224:, the capital of Dobrzyń Land, while German burghers invited them into
1142:
1094:
960:
936:
881:
880:
Soon after Jagiello's accession to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted
564:
344:
231:
4011:Śląsk w polityce Piastów ("Silesia within the policies of the Piasts")
1492:. In 1432, a pro-Polish party in Lithuania elected Vytautas's brother
657:
In the north-west, Lithuania faced constant armed incursions from the
4995:
4435:
4402:
4347:
4292:
1756:
1516:
1288:
974:
in Lithuania at the expense of his own patrimony. Vytautas started a
893:
710:
1014:, while the Order agreed to assist Lithuania in a campaign to seize
995:) in the person of the Polish monarch. Skirgaila was moved from the
681:, directed against Kęstutis. When Kęstutis discovered the plan, the
1287:, whose 11,000 light cavalry included Lithuanians, Ruthenians, and
486:
in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the
438:(1377–1381 and 1382–1401), later giving the position to his cousin
2420:
1733:
1503:
1368:
in autumn 1411 and replaced him in Kraków with Vytautas supporter
1319:
1269:
1177:
1118:
1076:
1011:
940:
925:
919:
642:
636:
619:
569:
2699:
Gudavičius, Edvardas; Jučas, Mečislovas; Matulevičius, Algirdas.
1604:
In 2021, asteroid 2004 TP17 was officially named as Jogaila (the
1189:
In December 1408, Władysław and Vytautas held strategic talks in
3953:
Rowell, S. C. (2000), "Baltic Europe", in Jones, Michael (ed.),
3760:(in Polish), Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne (WSiP),
1472:
broke out between Poland and the Knights between 1431 and 1435.
1345:
1324:
Polish and Lithuanian conflict with Teutonic Prussia, 1377–1434.
4868:
4296:
3581:, translated and abridged by Maurice Michael, IM Publications,
2226:), because the Polish political system made no provision for a
991:) until his death, under the overlordship of the Supreme Duke (
16:
Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434); King of Poland (1386–1434)
3814:(Reprint ed.), Crestwood, NY: Vladimir's Seminary Press,
1402:, when they were called off at the papal legate's insistence.
3524:
Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People
1718:
802:, a clause interpreted by historians to mean anything from a
19:"Jagiełło" and "Jagiello" redirect here. For other uses, see
2268:
into either Wladislaus or Ladislaus. The choice evoked both
1047:
On 22 June 1399, Jadwiga gave birth to a daughter, baptised
3689:
3266:
3264:
3262:
1590:
Władysław is depicted on the obverse of the modernized 100
1515:
At the dying request of the childless Jadwiga he married a
3249:
3247:
2165:, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596.
1428:, who looked upon Poland as an ally in their wars against
1248:
successfully recruited many foreign knights to each side.
3710:
Lites ac res gestae inter Polonos Ordinemque Cruciferorum
2416:"Kodėl Jogaila buvo geras, o Vytautas Didysis - genialus"
1372:. He also sought to create more allies in Lithuania. The
892:; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of
822:. He was also to be legally adopted by Jadwiga's mother,
1488:, which Władysław had awarded to Lithuania in 1411, and
1055:, generally sympathetic to Władysław, and the gentry of
3707:
Karwasińska, Jadwiga & Zakrzewski, Ignacy (1892),
1659:
A 17th-century depiction of Władysław II Jagiełło and
1197:
against Teutonic rule to draw German forces away from
3907:
Multinational Lithuania: history of ethnic minorities
3758:
Jagiełło królem Polski: z dziejów unii Polski i Litwy
3361:"Narodowy Bank Polski - Internet Information Service"
2966:
2276:, a king who sided with the pope against the emperor
1389:
In 1414, a sporadic new war broke out, known as the "
509:. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the
3674:(in Polish), Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy,
1643:
Władysław Jagiełło as depicted in Ksawery Pillati's
1443:
In 1422, Władysław fought another war, known as the
454:
until 1399, and then sole ruler of Poland. Raised a
5268:
5259:
5181:
5168:
5130:
5028:
5004:
4985:
4961:
4952:
4929:
4920:
4775:
4727:
4704:
4680:
4659:
4514:
4449:
4421:
4330:
3642:
The Later Crusades 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar
2174:
Some historians have called this system a diarchy (
1357:, and by the king's two-year absence in Lithuania.
1067:, a political match that re-legitimised his reign.
794:, Jogaila confirmed his prenuptial promises in the
661:—founded after 1226 to fight and convert the pagan
374:
364:
343:
307:
276:
264:
241:
225:
221:
211:
201:
193:
185:
170:
135:
112:
89:
72:
65:
41:
5350:Converts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions
4096:Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights
4080:(in Polish), Poznań-Wrocław: Wydawn. Historyczne,
3943:Dzieje Krzyżaków (History of the Teutonic Knights)
3619:
3561:Deveike, Jone (1950), "The Lithuanian Diarchies",
3544:The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War
1137:, and to support Vytautas in a revived attempt on
4014:(in Polish), Polska Piastów, 2005, archived from
3992:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3040:
3038:
2977:
2975:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2684:
2661:
2649:
2625:
2248:
2175:
2144:
2138:
2129:
1867:
551:, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife,
4132:Turnbull, Stephen & McBride, Angus (2004),
3774:Lukowski, Jerzy & Zawadzki, Hubert (2001),
3214:
1538:, who died in 1420 without bearing him a child.
1523:. She died in 1416, leaving a daughter :
3622:The Slavs in European History and Civilization
3487:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
2955:
698:and was baptised there under the name Wigand.
151:(1392–1401 as regent, 1401–1430 as grand duke)
4880:
4308:
2728:
2726:
2724:
983:brought to a temporary halt in 1392 with the
82:3/15 August 1382 – 1 June 1434
8:
3507:(in Polish), Gdansk: Słowo/obraz terytoria,
2804:
2802:
2800:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
1714:Family tree of Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiello
1353:, disputed between Poland and Lithuania, to
4855:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
4062:, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
3995:, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
3662:(in Lithuanian), Kaunas: redagavo A. Šapoka
3505:Sarkofag Władysława II Jagiełły i Donatello
3083:
3081:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2221:
1548:), who bore him two surviving sons :
1240:constructed and transported north down the
5265:
5178:
4958:
4926:
4887:
4873:
4865:
4315:
4301:
4293:
4150:
3311:
3270:
3253:
3186:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2819:
2817:
2732:
2504:
2244:
2200:
47:
38:
3238:
3142:
3111:
3029:
3017:
2981:
2908:
2834:
2832:
2767:
2755:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2326:
2260:A Slavic name that roughly translates as
2151:Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło
2083:Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło
1464:, for which he received only the town of
1274:The Teutonic Order's castle at Marienburg
737:, thus he was able to communicate in the
649:, used in 1377–1386, before becoming the
189:4 March 1386 – 1 June 1434
3417:Lithuanian National Radio and Television
3210:
3099:
3072:
3060:
3005:
2993:
2850:
2576:Žemaičių krikštas: tyrimai ir refleksija
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2384:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
1104:
855:
677:. In 1380, Jogaila concluded the secret
3440:"Five minor planets given Polish names"
3198:
3170:
3154:
2891:
2823:
2791:
2779:
2637:
2548:"Jogailaičiai. Kodėl ne Gediminaičiai?"
2500:
2498:
2301:
2204:
2179:
2118:
1615:
4060:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
3468:
3335:
3323:
3174:
3056:
2862:
2838:
2808:
2694:
2692:
2588:Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science
2489:
2477:
2454:
2372:
2349:
2285:
2183:
1645:Portraits of Polish Princes and Kings,
1344:regained a small territory beyond the
1148:Also in 1404, Władysław held talks at
1125:undertook to sell Poland the disputed
928:of Jogaila (minted in 1388–1392) with
759:urged him to marry Sofia, daughter of
450:(1386–1434), first alongside his wife
413: – 1 June 1434), later
3955:The New Cambridge Medieval History VI
3563:The Slavonic and East European Review
3347:
3087:
3044:
2931:
2874:
2665:
2442:
2270:Władysław I of Poland, the Elbow-high
2231:
1597:The Jagiełło Oak, an ancient tree in
935:Jagiello's baptism failed to end the
618:against Jogaila's alliance with emir
421:
393:
79:May 1377 – August 1381
26:For monarchs with similar names, see
7:
2309:Grzęda, Mateusz (15 February 2022).
771:and marry the eleven-year-old Queen
505:Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of
3925:A History of Poland: Second Edition
2607:from the original on 9 October 2022
2311:"Ladislaus II Jagiełło (1386–1434)"
1109:Royal seal of Władysław II Jagiełło
641:Seal of Jogaila with his title (in
578:Jogaila with a lion, minted at the
28:Ladislaus Jagiello (disambiguation)
4078:Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowiczow
2216:Jadwiga had actually been crowned
1283:, his troops met up with those of
725:, none of the clergy, who came to
14:
3868:Nowakowska, Natalia, ed. (2019).
2967:Karwasińska & Zakrzewski 1892
1303:The road to the Teutonic capital
1193:, where they decided to foment a
809:Jogaila was duly baptised at the
369:Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania
5400:People in the Battle of Grunwald
4030:Sruogienė-Sruoga, Vanda (1987),
3830:"From Pamphlet to Origin Theory"
3812:Byzantium and the Rise of Russia
3750:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
3727:A History of Polish Christianity
3547:, University of Nebraska Press,
2706:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
1686:
1671:
1652:
1636:
1618:
3832:, in Kooper, Erik Simon (ed.),
3796:, University of Toronto Press,
3746:Drogi zaniku pogaństwa u Bałtów
1328:The war ended in 1411 with the
1185:, 1410. Painting by Jan Matejko
1006:, named after the islet in the
67:Grand/Supreme Duke of Lithuania
4906:List of early Lithuanian dukes
3975:, Cambridge University Press,
3957:, Cambridge University Press,
3905:Potašenko, Grigorijus (2008),
3891:, Cambridge University Press,
3852:A History of the Baltic States
3778:, Cambridge University Press,
3730:, Cambridge University Press,
3385:Hunt, Nick (22 January 2020).
3227:New Cambridge Medieval History
3159:New Cambridge Medieval History
3124:New Cambridge Medieval History
2944:New Cambridge Medieval History
1170:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1164:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic war
1133:, once pawned to the Order by
869:, recovered lands her father,
860:Poland and Lithuania 1386–1434
555:, who was the daughter of the
252:1 June 1434 (aged 71-72/81-82)
1:
3923:Prazmowska, Anita J. (2011),
3870:Remembering the Jagiellonians
3792:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996),
2078:History of Poland (1385–1569)
1904:Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiełło
847:Ruler of Lithuania and Poland
832:Christianization of Lithuania
723:Christianization of Samogitia
442:in exchange for the title of
423:[vwaˈdɨswafjaˈɡʲɛwwɔ]
407:
5335:15th-century Polish monarchs
5330:14th-century Polish monarchs
5247:Stanisław August Poniatowski
4840:Stanisław August Poniatowski
3626:, Rutgers University Press,
3600:Zeitschrift für Ostforschung
3420:(in Lithuanian). 9 July 2021
2662:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2650:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2626:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2249:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
1540:Two years later, he married
963:and not to that of Teutonic
884:a city charter like that of
517:. The allied victory at the
462:in 1386 and was baptized as
5222:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
4911:List of Lithuanian monarchs
4815:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
4556:Władysław III Spindleshanks
3828:Mickūnaitė, Giedrė (1999),
3776:A Concise History of Poland
3644:, Oxford University Press,
3215:Turnbull & McBride 2004
2328:10.3390/encyclopedia2010034
2145:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1806:Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver
1708:Family relations of Jogaila
1534:In 1417, Władysław married
1032:Battle of the Vorskla River
5421:
5385:Lithuanian Roman Catholics
5345:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
4112:Turnbull, Stephen (2004),
4094:Turnbull, Stephen (2003),
3724:Kłoczowski, Jerzy (2000),
2054: b. 30 November 1427
2036: d. 10 November 1444
1705:
1364:, to the archbishopric of
1263:
1167:
1101:Against the Teutonic Order
1072:Union of Vilnius and Radom
955:, the former confessor of
748:
25:
18:
5293:
4900:
4848:
4646:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
4525:Senior or Supreme Princes
4281:
4262:
4247:
4237:
4228:
4220:
4210:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4153:
4134:The Hussite Wars: 1419–36
4058:Stone, Daniel Z. (2001),
3810:Meyendorff, John (1989),
3618:Dvornik, Francis (1992),
3579:The Annals of Jan Dlugosz
3503:Boczkowska, Anna (2011),
3485:Bideleux, Robert (1998),
2139:
2097:List of Lithuanian rulers
2049:
2040:
2034: b. 31 October 1424
2029:
2025: d. 8 December 1431
2018:
2009:
1927:
1911:
1902:
1886:
1870:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1802:
1793:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1573:During an excursion into
755:Jogaila's Russian mother
567:, at his father's manor.
521:in 1410, followed by the
482:. He was a member of the
444:Supreme Duke of Lithuania
163:(1432–1434 as grand duke)
157:(1430–1432 as grand duke)
46:
21:Jagiełło (disambiguation)
5380:Lithuanian former pagans
5360:Grand dukes of Lithuania
4954:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4641:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
3989:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994),
3850:O'Connor, Kevin (2003),
3756:Kosman, Marceli (1987),
3744:Kosman, Marceli (1976),
3688:Jurzak, Ryszard (2006),
3640:Housley, Norman (1992),
3284:"Jagiellonians Timeline"
2573:Baronas, Darius (2013).
1900: 29 Jan 1402
1884: 18 Feb 1386
1681:, Central Park, New York
1508:Jagiełło's sarcophagus,
1154:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
785:William, Duke of Austria
492:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
236:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4621:Dukes of Greater Poland
4231:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4204:Grand Duke of Lithuania
3941:Rogalski, Leon (1846),
3887:Plokhy, Serhii (2006),
3715:Bibliotheca Cornicensis
3690:"Władysław II Jagiełło"
3541:Delbrück, Hans (1990),
1941: 7 Feb 1422
1925: 2 May 1417
1434:Four Articles of Prague
1254:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1250:Wenceslas IV of Bohemia
761:Prince Dmitri of Moscow
701:Jogaila formulated the
622:, de facto khan of the
576:Grand Duke of Lithuania
480:Polish–Lithuanian union
436:Grand Duke of Lithuania
330:Władysław III of Poland
5405:Polish Roman Catholics
5232:Augustus II the Strong
4825:Augustus II the Strong
4742:Władysław III of Varna
4626:Dukes of Little Poland
4531:Władysław II the Exile
4486:Casimir I the Restorer
4480:Bolesław the Forgotten
4155:Władysław II Jagiełło
4076:Tęgowski, Jan (1999),
3971:Rowell, S. C. (1994),
3927:, Palgrave Macmillan,
3748:(in Polish), Wrocław:
3521:Bojtár, Endre (1999),
2274:Ladislaus I of Hungary
2222:
2130:
2102:King Jagiello Monument
2045: d. 2 March 1427
2023: b. 8 April 1408
2014: d. 13 July 1399
2012: b. 22 June 1399
1679:King Jagiello Monument
1608:variant of his name).
1512:
1325:
1275:
1186:
1110:
1026:, were crushed by the
976:civil war in Lithuania
932:
861:
654:
591:territories of former
583:
467:
5237:Stanisław Leszczyński
5197:Anna the Jagiellonian
5156:Sigismund II Augustus
5122:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
4895:Monarchs of Lithuania
4767:Sigismund II Augustus
4737:Władysław II Jagiełło
4714:Louis I the Hungarian
4696:Casimir III the Great
4591:Bolesław V the Chaste
4566:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
4536:Bolesław IV the Curly
4506:Bolesław III Wrymouth
4413:Piast the Wheelwright
4136:, Osprey Publishing,
4118:, Osprey Publishing,
4032:"Jogaila (1350–1434)"
3945:(in Polish), Warsaw:
3836:, Amsterdam: Rodopi,
3719:(in Polish and Latin)
2685:Sruogienė-Sruoga 1987
2546:Statkuvienė, Regina.
2517:Pancerovas, Dovydas.
2264:, Władysław is often
2176:Sruogienė-Sruoga 1987
2056: d. 7 June 1492
2043: b. 16 May 1426
1936:d. 21 September 1461
1626:Władysław II Jagiełło
1507:
1336:, Lithuania regained
1323:
1273:
1181:
1113:The war ended in the
1108:
1065:Casimir III of Poland
1063:, a granddaughter of
980:Konrad von Wallenrode
923:
859:
790:On 14 August 1385 in
640:
632:Grand Duchy of Moscow
582:between 1386 and 1387
573:
456:Lithuanian polytheist
446:(1401–1434) and then
415:Władysław II Jagiełło
161:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
42:Władysław II Jagiełło
5365:Jagiellonian dynasty
5261:Kingdom of Lithuania
5242:August III the Saxon
5217:John II Casimir Vasa
4922:Kingdom of Lithuania
4810:John II Casimir Vasa
4729:Jagiellonian dynasty
4691:Władysław I Łokietek
4491:Bolesław II the Bold
4464:Bolesław I the Brave
4165:Cadet branch of the
4046:on 20 September 2020
3794:A History of Ukraine
3292:University of Oxford
3213:, pp. 233–235;
3157:, pp. 342–343;
2288:, pp. 709–712).
2125:Other names include
2090:for Jovian asteroid
2073:History of Lithuania
1500:Succession and death
1484:of Kraków, occupied
1407:metropolitan of Kiev
1400:Council of Constance
1393:" from the Knights'
1370:Wojciech Jastrzębiec
1298:Ulrich von Jungingen
1207:Ulrich von Jungingen
1123:Konrad von Jungingen
834:. Though the ethnic
745:Baptism and marriage
683:Lithuanian Civil War
679:Treaty of Dovydiškės
614:, sided with Prince
484:Jagiellonian dynasty
335:Casimir IV Jagiellon
5395:People from Vilnius
5390:Order of the Dragon
5320:14th-century births
5192:Henry III of Valois
5151:Sigismund I the Old
5030:House of Gediminids
4762:Sigismund I the Old
4706:Capet-Anjou dynasty
4596:Leszek II the Black
4586:Bolesław the Horned
4546:Casimir II the Just
4541:Mieszko III the Old
4042:(4), archived from
3854:, Greenwood Press,
2956:Polska Piastów 2005
2131:Jogaila Algirdaitis
2010:Elizabeth Bonifacia
1915:Elisabeth of Pilica
1874:Jadwiga I of Poland
1750:d. 22 October 1339
1745:Alexander I of Tver
1606:Lithuanian language
1536:Elisabeth of Pilica
1310:Heinrich von Plauen
1195:Samogitian uprising
1049:Elizabeth Bonifacia
957:Elizabeth of Poland
898:Boleslaus the Pious
875:Petru I of Moldavia
836:Lithuanian nobility
824:Elizabeth of Bosnia
765:Orthodox Christians
719:Lithuanian language
547:and was the son of
527:Poland's Golden Age
500:early modern Europe
476:converted Lithuania
395:[jɔˈɡâːɪɫɐ]
317:Elizabeth Bonifacia
294:Elisabeth of Pilica
255:Gródek Jagielloński
5207:Sigismund III Vasa
5132:House of Jagiellon
5006:House of Mindaugas
4963:House of Mindaugas
4931:House of Mindaugas
4800:Sigismund III Vasa
4651:Dukes of Pomerania
4581:Henry II the Pious
4496:Władysław I Herman
4474:Mieszko II Lambert
4324:Monarchs of Poland
4018:on 18 October 2006
3694:Dynastic Genealogy
3672:Polska Jagiellonów
3450:on 22 October 2021
3391:Emergence Magazine
3201:, pp. 351–361
3145:, pp. 121–124
3114:, pp. 113–120
2984:, pp. 106–107
2911:, pp. 103–105
2894:, pp. 222–225
2590:. pp. 33–34.
2480:, pp. 709–712
2387:, pp. 124–125
2375:, pp. 180–186
2280:and Christianised
1931:Sophia of Halshany
1542:Sophia of Halshany
1513:
1482:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
1455:, but the city of
1326:
1293:Battle of Grunwald
1276:
1266:Battle of Grunwald
1260:Battle of Grunwald
1187:
1183:Battle of Grunwald
1174:Battle of Grunwald
1111:
1082:defensive alliance
946:diocese of Vilnius
933:
871:Louis I of Hungary
862:
739:Samogitian dialect
655:
628:Battle of Kulikovo
584:
574:Early coin of the
519:Battle of Grunwald
507:medieval Lithuania
458:, he converted to
299:Sophia of Halshany
5375:Jure uxoris kings
5307:
5306:
5289:
5288:
5255:
5254:
5227:John III Sobieski
5212:Ladislaus IV Vasa
5170:Polish–Lithuanian
5164:
5163:
5103:
5091:
5079:
5062:
4987:House of Monomakh
4948:
4947:
4862:
4861:
4820:John III Sobieski
4805:Władysław IV Vasa
4777:Elective monarchy
4661:Přemyslid dynasty
4576:Henry the Bearded
4291:
4290:
4282:Succeeded by
4260:
4238:Succeeded by
4211:Succeeded by
4168:Gediminid dynasty
4160:Jagiellon dynasty
4143:978-1-84176-665-2
4125:978-1-84176-712-3
4105:978-1-84176-561-7
4087:978-83-913563-1-9
4069:978-0-295-98093-5
4002:978-0-295-97290-9
3982:978-0-521-45011-9
3964:978-0-521-36290-0
3947:Samuel Orgelbrand
3898:978-0-521-86403-9
3879:978-1-138-56239-4
3861:978-0-313-32355-3
3843:978-90-420-0834-2
3821:978-0-88141-079-2
3803:978-0-8020-7820-9
3785:978-0-521-55917-1
3767:978-83-02-03292-9
3737:978-0-521-36429-4
3681:978-83-06-01796-0
3651:978-0-19-822136-4
3633:978-0-8135-0799-6
3588:978-1-901019-00-1
3554:978-0-8032-6447-2
3534:978-963-9116-42-9
3514:978-8-374-53799-5
3496:978-0-415-16111-4
3288:Jagiellonians.com
2758:, pp. 80–146
2597:978-9986-592-71-6
2582:(in Lithuanian).
2062:
2061:
1866:
1865:
1694:Grunwald Monument
1665:Tommaso Dolabella
1661:Jadwiga of Poland
1599:Białowieża Forest
1438:Sigismund Korybut
1191:Navahrudak Castle
1158:Holy Roman Empire
1135:Władysław Opolski
1004:Treaty of Salynas
902:Casimir the Great
888:, modeled on the
773:Jadwiga of Poland
751:Jadwiga of Poland
608:Andrei of Polotsk
561:Alexander of Tver
545:Gediminid dynasty
488:Gediminid dynasty
384:
383:
358:Gediminid dynasty
284:Jadwiga of Poland
259:Kingdom of Poland
181:
5412:
5266:
5179:
5141:Casimir Jagellon
5097:
5085:
5073:
5056:
4959:
4927:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4866:
4636:Dukes of Kuyavia
4631:Dukes of Masovia
4616:Dukes of Silesia
4601:Henryk IV Probus
4561:Władysław Odonic
4551:Leszek the White
4317:
4310:
4303:
4294:
4254:
4248:Preceded by
4221:Preceded by
4194:Preceded by
4184:
4177:
4151:
4146:
4128:
4108:
4090:
4072:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4005:
3985:
3967:
3949:
3937:
3919:
3901:
3883:
3864:
3846:
3824:
3806:
3788:
3770:
3752:
3740:
3720:
3717:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3684:
3668:Jasienica, Paweł
3663:
3654:
3636:
3625:
3614:
3591:
3570:
3557:
3537:
3517:
3499:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3446:. Archived from
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3280:
3274:
3268:
3257:
3251:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3217:, pp. 11–12
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3168:
3162:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2996:, pp. 32–33
2991:
2985:
2979:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2912:
2906:
2895:
2889:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2827:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2770:, pp. 74–80
2765:
2759:
2753:
2736:
2735:, pp. 54–57
2730:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2696:
2687:
2682:
2669:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2581:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:Plikūnė, Dalia.
2411:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2306:
2289:
2258:
2252:
2241:
2235:
2225:
2214:
2208:
2193:
2187:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2123:
1940:
1924:
1899:
1883:
1879:d. 17 July 1399
1868:
1719:
1690:
1675:
1663:by the cross by
1656:
1640:
1622:
1546:Uliana Olshanska
1470:sporadic warfare
1374:Union of Horodło
1129:and the town of
1115:Treaty of Raciąż
985:Treaty of Ostrów
781:Galicia–Volhynia
775:. The nobles of
703:Treaty of Dubysa
659:Teutonic Knights
616:Dmitri of Moscow
433:
432:
431:
425:
420:
412:
411: 1352/1362
409:
405:
404:
403:
397:
392:
322:Hedwig Jagiellon
251:
249:
175:
51:
39:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5370:Kings of Poland
5310:
5309:
5308:
5303:
5285:
5251:
5202:Stephen Báthory
5172:
5160:
5126:
5024:
5000:
4981:
4944:
4916:
4915:
4896:
4893:
4863:
4858:
4844:
4795:Stephen Báthory
4785:Henry of Valois
4771:
4723:
4700:
4676:
4655:
4517:
4510:
4445:
4417:
4326:
4321:
4287:
4270:
4268:
4257:as sole monarch
4253:
4243:
4234:
4226:
4216:
4207:
4199:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4144:
4131:
4126:
4111:
4106:
4093:
4088:
4075:
4070:
4057:
4049:
4047:
4029:
4021:
4019:
4008:
4003:
3988:
3983:
3970:
3965:
3952:
3940:
3935:
3922:
3917:
3904:
3899:
3886:
3880:
3867:
3862:
3849:
3844:
3827:
3822:
3809:
3804:
3791:
3786:
3773:
3768:
3755:
3743:
3738:
3723:
3718:
3706:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3682:
3666:
3657:
3652:
3639:
3634:
3617:
3594:
3589:
3573:
3560:
3555:
3540:
3535:
3520:
3515:
3502:
3497:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3312:Prazmowska 2011
3310:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3271:Nowakowska 2019
3269:
3260:
3254:Nowakowska 2019
3252:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3187:Kłoczowski 2000
3185:
3181:
3173:, p. 361;
3169:
3165:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3098:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3059:, p. 182;
3055:
3051:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2915:
2907:
2898:
2890:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2739:
2733:Kłoczowski 2000
2731:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2709:(in Lithuanian)
2698:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2672:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2554:(in Lithuanian)
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2527:(in Lithuanian)
2516:
2515:
2511:
2505:Mickūnaitė 1999
2503:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2461:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2424:(in Lithuanian)
2413:
2412:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2321:(1): 515, 525.
2308:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2259:
2255:
2245:Kłoczowski 2000
2242:
2238:
2215:
2211:
2207:, p. 221).
2201:Meyendorff 1989
2197:John Meyendorff
2194:
2190:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2088:Naming citation
2069:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1920:d. 12 May 1420
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:d. 1 June 1434
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1895:d. 21 May 1416
1894:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1797:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1588:
1567:Polish nobility
1539:
1510:Wawel Cathedral
1502:
1449:Treaty of Melno
1419:Paweł Włodkowic
1387:
1318:
1268:
1262:
1176:
1168:Main articles:
1166:
1103:
1045:
1040:
997:Duchy of Trakai
953:Andrzej Wasilko
930:Vytis (Pahonia)
918:
906:Union of Lublin
854:
849:
811:Wawel Cathedral
753:
747:
540:
535:
428:
427:
426:
418:
410:
400:
399:
398:
390:
339:
303:
272:
270:Wawel Cathedral
253:
247:
245:
230:
174:
166:
131:
108:
85:
61:
55:Wawel Cathedral
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5418:
5416:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Adult adoptees
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5296:Titular rulers
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5273:
5270:House of Urach
5263:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5176:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5092:
5080:
5068:
5063:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4936:
4934:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4869:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4790:Anna Jagiellon
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:Wenceslaus III
4670:
4665:
4663:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4522:
4520:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4455:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4423:Proto-historic
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4265:King of Poland
4261:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4209:
4200:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4189:Regnal titles
4186:
4185:
4164:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4129:
4124:
4109:
4104:
4091:
4086:
4073:
4068:
4055:
4027:
4006:
4001:
3986:
3981:
3968:
3963:
3950:
3938:
3934:978-0230345379
3933:
3920:
3915:
3902:
3897:
3884:
3878:
3865:
3860:
3847:
3842:
3825:
3820:
3807:
3802:
3789:
3784:
3771:
3766:
3753:
3741:
3736:
3721:
3704:
3685:
3680:
3664:
3655:
3650:
3637:
3632:
3615:
3606:(2): 161–173,
3592:
3587:
3571:
3558:
3553:
3538:
3533:
3518:
3513:
3500:
3495:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3461:
3431:
3403:
3377:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3275:
3258:
3243:
3239:Jasienica 1988
3231:
3219:
3203:
3191:
3179:
3163:
3147:
3143:Jasienica 1988
3128:
3116:
3112:Jasienica 1988
3104:
3092:
3077:
3065:
3049:
3034:
3030:Jasienica 1988
3022:
3018:Jasienica 1988
3010:
2998:
2986:
2982:Jasienica 1988
2971:
2959:
2948:
2936:
2913:
2909:Jasienica 1988
2896:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2828:
2813:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2768:Jasienica 1988
2760:
2756:Jasienica 1988
2737:
2720:
2688:
2670:
2664:, p. 41;
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2596:
2565:
2538:
2509:
2494:
2482:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2401:
2397:Potašenko 2008
2389:
2377:
2354:
2342:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2253:
2236:
2218:king of Poland
2209:
2195:The historian
2188:
2186:, p. 68).
2167:
2163:Anna Jagiellon
2155:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2092:202093 Jogaila
2085:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1926:
1910:
1901:
1885:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1706:Main article:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1587:
1584:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1532:
1531:
1501:
1498:
1415:Zawisza Czarny
1395:scorched-earth
1386:
1385:Last conflicts
1383:
1330:Peace of Thorn
1317:
1314:
1264:Main article:
1261:
1258:
1238:pontoon bridge
1165:
1162:
1102:
1099:
1057:Greater Poland
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:King of Poland
1036:
917:
914:
853:
850:
848:
845:
804:personal union
796:Union of Krewo
757:Uliana of Tver
746:
743:
651:King of Poland
601:Duke of Trakai
553:Uliana of Tver
539:
536:
534:
531:
523:Peace of Thorn
515:Teutonic Order
511:Union of Krewo
448:King of Poland
382:
381:
379:Uliana of Tver
376:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
347:
341:
340:
338:
337:
332:
327:
324:
319:
313:
311:
305:
304:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
280:
278:
274:
273:
268:
266:
262:
261:
243:
239:
238:
227:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
172:King of Poland
168:
167:
165:
164:
158:
152:
146:
139:
137:
133:
132:
130:
129:
123:
116:
114:
110:
109:
107:
106:
100:
93:
91:
87:
86:
84:
83:
80:
76:
74:
70:
69:
63:
62:
52:
44:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5417:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5301:
5297:
5292:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5258:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4890:
4885:
4883:
4878:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:John I Albert
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4683:Piast dynasty
4679:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Wenceslaus II
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4516:Fragmentation
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4451:Piast dynasty
4448:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4286:
4285:Władysław III
4279:
4276:
4275:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4161:
4152:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4004:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3916:9785430052508
3912:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:. Routledge.
3871:
3866:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3705:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3602:(in German),
3601:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3569:(71): 392–405
3568:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3489:, Routledge,
3488:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3392:
3388:
3381:
3378:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3341:
3338:, p. 711
3337:
3332:
3329:
3326:, p. 282
3325:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3273:, p. xi.
3272:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:, p. 130
3240:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:Bideleux 1998
3207:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3177:, p. 733
3176:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3100:Turnbull 2003
3096:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:Turnbull 2003
3069:
3066:
3062:
3061:Turnbull 2003
3058:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3032:, p. 110
3031:
3026:
3023:
3020:, p. 108
3019:
3014:
3011:
3008:, p. 526
3007:
3006:Delbrück 1990
3002:
2999:
2995:
2994:Turnbull 2003
2990:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2865:, p. 732
2864:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:Turnbull 2004
2847:
2844:
2841:, p. 388
2840:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2826:, p. 354
2825:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:, p. 134
2793:
2788:
2785:
2782:, p. 344
2781:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2640:, p. 129
2639:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2577:
2569:
2566:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2510:
2507:, p. 157
2506:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2492:, p. 181
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2385:Tęgowski 1999
2381:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2352:, p. 182
2351:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:glorious rule
2257:
2254:
2251:, p. 38)
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2234:, p. 8).
2233:
2229:
2228:queen regnant
2224:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2107:List of Poles
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2052:
2032:
2031:Władysław III
2021:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1932:
1916:
1905:
1891:
1890:Anne of Cilli
1875:
1869:
1835:
1827:
1816:
1807:
1796:
1789:
1778:
1774:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:Anastasia of
1746:
1735:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:Przemyśl Land
1571:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:Anna of Celje
1518:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:Mikołaj Trąba
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:Mikołaj Trąba
1358:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1121:; in return,
1120:
1116:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1061:Anna of Cilli
1058:
1054:
1053:Lesser Poland
1050:
1043:Early actions
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
951:
947:
942:
938:
931:
927:
922:
915:
913:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:Magdeburg Law
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
858:
851:
846:
844:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
777:Lesser Poland
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
752:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:Baltic tribes
660:
652:
648:
645:) as King in
644:
639:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
581:
577:
572:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
537:
532:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
424:
416:
402:
396:
388:
380:
377:
373:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
348:
346:
342:
336:
333:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
314:
312:
310:
306:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Anna of Cilli
287:
285:
282:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
260:
256:
244:
240:
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
217:
216:Władysław III
214:
210:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
173:
169:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
138:
134:
127:
126:Władysław III
124:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
92:
88:
81:
78:
77:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
29:
22:
5299:
5280:Mindaugas II
5278:
5174:Commonwealth
5082:
4852:
4835:Augustus III
4736:
4612:
4523:
4478:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4277:
4271:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4229:
4202:
4180:
4176:c. 1351/1362
4173:
4166:
4158:
4133:
4114:
4095:
4077:
4059:
4048:, retrieved
4044:the original
4039:
4035:
4020:, retrieved
4016:the original
4010:
3991:
3972:
3954:
3942:
3924:
3906:
3888:
3869:
3851:
3833:
3811:
3793:
3775:
3757:
3745:
3726:
3709:
3699:27 September
3697:, retrieved
3693:
3671:
3659:
3641:
3621:
3603:
3599:
3596:Drabina, Jan
3578:
3575:Długosz, Jan
3566:
3562:
3543:
3523:
3504:
3486:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3448:the original
3444:Polandin.com
3443:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3415:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3390:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3350:, p. 22
3343:
3331:
3319:
3314:, p. 72
3307:
3295:. Retrieved
3287:
3278:
3256:, p. x.
3234:
3226:
3222:
3206:
3199:Housley 1992
3194:
3189:, p. 73
3182:
3171:Housley 1992
3166:
3158:
3155:Dvornik 1992
3150:
3123:
3119:
3107:
3102:, p. 73
3095:
3090:, p. 17
3068:
3052:
3047:, p. 16
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2969:, p. 21
2962:
2951:
2943:
2939:
2934:, p. 11
2892:Dvornik 1992
2877:, p. 10
2870:
2858:
2853:, p. 22
2846:
2824:Housley 1992
2811:, p. 98
2792:Magocsi 1996
2787:
2780:Dvornik 1992
2775:
2763:
2711:. Retrieved
2704:
2657:
2652:, p. 37
2645:
2638:Dvornik 1992
2633:
2628:, p. 42
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2575:
2568:
2556:. Retrieved
2551:
2541:
2529:. Retrieved
2522:
2512:
2485:
2457:, p. 46
2450:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2419:
2399:, p. 30
2392:
2380:
2345:
2318:
2315:Encyclopedia
2314:
2304:
2282:Transylvania
2261:
2256:
2239:
2212:
2205:Dvornik 1992
2191:
2180:Deveike 1950
2170:
2158:
2149:). See also
2121:
1903:
1800:d. May 1377
1713:
1644:
1625:
1603:
1596:
1592:Polish złoty
1589:
1572:
1564:
1533:
1530:(1408–1431).
1514:
1474:
1462:Chełmno Land
1442:
1423:
1404:
1388:
1359:
1334:Dobrzyń Land
1327:
1302:
1277:
1246:
1215:
1211:Nowy Korczyn
1188:
1147:
1127:Dobrzyń Land
1112:
1087:
1069:
1046:
1001:
993:dux supremus
992:
988:
969:
934:
910:
879:
867:Red Ruthenia
863:
808:
799:
792:Kreva Castle
789:
754:
716:
709:west of the
700:
692:Kreva Castle
656:
624:Golden Horde
605:
585:
580:Vilnius Mint
557:Yaroslavichi
541:
504:
414:
386:
385:
354:cadet branch
229:c. 1352/1362
197:4 March 1386
36:
5325:1434 deaths
5185:(1569–1795)
5134:(1440–1569)
5117:Švitrigaila
5032:(1285–1440)
5008:(1269–1285)
4989:(1267–1269)
4965:(1263–1267)
4933:(1236–1263)
4830:Stanisław I
4606:Przemysł II
4278:(1386–1399)
4183:1 June 1434
3469:Jurzak 2006
3387:"Dead Wood"
3336:Rowell 2000
3324:Sedlar 1994
3175:Rowell 2000
3075:, p. 7
3063:, p. 7
3057:Bojtár 1999
2863:Rowell 2000
2839:Sedlar 1994
2809:Plokhy 2006
2668:, p. 8
2490:Bojtár 1999
2478:Rowell 2000
2455:Plokhy 2006
2445:, p. 4
2373:Bojtár 1999
2350:Bojtár 1999
2286:Rowell 2000
2184:Rowell 1994
1934:b. c. 1405
1907:b. c. 1351
1893:b. 1380/81
1809:b. c. 1330
1798:b. c. 1296
1737:b. c. 1280
1726:b. c. 1275
1702:Family tree
1630:Jan Matejko
1582:its place.
1561:(1427–1492)
1555:(1424–1444)
1477:Švitrigaila
1091:Švitrigaila
1024:White Horde
1008:Neman River
924:Lithuanian
735:Catholicism
731:Samogitians
675:Lithuanians
671:Yotvingians
593:Kievan Rus'
460:Catholicism
391:Lithuanian:
202:Predecessor
180:(1386–1399)
155:Švitrigaila
145:(1386–1392)
90:Predecessor
5355:Gediminids
5314:Categories
5039:Butigeidis
4977:Vaišvilkas
4747:Casimir IV
4390:Leszko III
4235:1382–1392
4208:1377–1381
4098:, Osprey,
4050:25 January
3909:, Šviesa,
3713:, Warsaw:
3478:References
3396:23 October
3365:www.nbp.pl
3348:Stone 2001
3161:, 775–776.
3088:Stone 2001
3045:Stone 2001
2932:Stone 2001
2875:Stone 2001
2666:Stone 2001
2558:9 November
2443:Stone 2001
2232:Stone 2001
2223:rex poloni
2136:Belarusian
2127:Lithuanian
2051:Casimir IV
1594:banknote.
1544:(niece of
1494:Žygimantas
1445:Gollub War
1391:Hunger War
1305:Marienburg
1236:and had a
1222:Bobrowniki
1095:Marienburg
1020:Tokhtamysh
989:magnus dux
965:Königsberg
916:Challenges
828:Lithuanian
749:See also:
733:about the
696:Marienburg
533:Early life
248:1434-06-01
194:Coronation
5146:Alexander
5107:Skirgaila
5054:Gediminas
5020:Daumantas
5015:Traidenis
4940:Mindaugas
4757:Alexander
4681:Restored
4613:See also:
4459:Mieszko I
4441:Siemomysł
4408:Chościsko
4403:Popiel II
4383:Leszko II
4355:Krakus II
4332:Legendary
4269:1386–1434
3612:0044-3239
2701:"Jogaila"
2531:1 October
2337:2673-8392
2296:Footnotes
2266:Latinised
1723:Gediminas
1553:Władysław
1430:Sigismund
1338:Samogitia
1281:Czerwińsk
1226:Bydgoszcz
1199:Pomerelia
1150:Vratislav
1131:Złotoryja
972:Skirgaila
852:Accession
727:Samogitia
707:Samogitia
667:Prussians
647:Lithuania
589:Ruthenian
538:Lithuania
468:Władysław
466:(Polish:
464:Ladislaus
350:Jagiellon
212:Successor
143:Skirgaila
113:Successor
32:Ladislaus
5112:Vytautas
5095:Kęstutis
5071:Algirdas
5066:Jaunutis
5044:Butvydas
4972:Treniota
4571:Konrad I
4501:Zbigniew
4431:Siemowit
4397:Popiel I
4376:Leszko I
4348:Krakus I
4241:Vytautas
4224:Kęstutis
4214:Kęstutis
4197:Algirdas
4036:Lituanus
4022:9 August
3670:(1988),
3577:(1997),
3297:20 April
2602:Archived
2552:15min.lt
2524:15min.lt
2278:Henry IV
2067:See also
2041:Casimir
2005: 4
1999: 4
1993: 4
1987: 2
1981: 1
1918:b. 1372
1877:b. 1374
1811:d. 1392
1795:Algirdas
1748:b. 1301
1739:d. 1344
1728:d. 1341
1696:, Kraków
1490:Volhynia
1466:Nieszawa
1457:Klaipėda
1426:Hussites
1379:szlachta
1355:Vytautas
1285:Vytautas
1203:Oborniki
1139:Novgorod
1028:Timurids
1016:Novgorod
841:Orthodox
820:Bodzanta
769:Catholic
688:Vytautas
597:Kęstutis
549:Algirdas
496:medieval
440:Vytautas
149:Vytautas
120:Kęstutis
103:Kęstutis
97:Algirdas
5300:italics
5298:are in
5183:Elected
5083:Jogaila
5049:Vytenis
4853:Italics
4719:Jadwiga
4469:Bezprym
4362:Lech II
4274:Jadwiga
4251:Jadwiga
3660:Jogaila
3454:11 July
3424:11 July
3370:11 July
2611:17 July
2584:Vilnius
2146:Jahajła
2058:
2047:
2038:
2027:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1612:Gallery
1559:Casimir
1517:Styrian
1486:Podolia
1453:Palanga
1366:Gniezno
1351:Podolia
1342:Masovia
1316:Dissent
1242:Vistula
1234:Masovia
1218:Dobrzyń
1143:Silesia
1030:at the
1022:of the
961:Gniezno
937:crusade
882:Vilnius
653:in 1386
565:Vilnius
559:prince
490:in the
452:Jadwiga
434:), was
419:Polish:
387:Jogaila
356:of the
345:Dynasty
326:Casimir
232:Vilnius
206:Jadwiga
178:Jadwiga
5272:(1918)
5100:family
5088:family
5076:family
5059:family
4996:Shvarn
4518:period
4436:Lestek
4341:Lech I
4179:
4140:
4122:
4102:
4084:
4066:
3999:
3979:
3961:
3931:
3913:
3895:
3876:
3858:
3840:
3818:
3800:
3782:
3764:
3734:
3678:
3648:
3630:
3610:
3585:
3551:
3531:
3511:
3493:
3229:, 353.
3126:, 364.
2946:, 348.
2713:19 May
2594:
2428:19 May
2335:
2140:Ягайла
2020:Hedwig
1757:Halych
1586:Legacy
1579:Grodek
1528:Hedwig
1519:lady,
1417:, and
1340:, and
1289:Tatars
1077:boyars
950:bishop
948:under
941:pagans
894:Trakai
886:Kraków
815:Kraków
711:Dubysa
612:Dmitry
599:, the
472:Kraków
375:Mother
365:Father
277:Spouse
265:Burial
136:Regent
128:(1434)
122:(1381)
105:(1382)
99:(1377)
59:Kraków
4369:Wanda
4272:with
4181:Died:
4174:Born:
2605:(PDF)
2580:(PDF)
2421:DELFI
2113:Notes
1734:Jewna
1230:Płock
1152:with
1119:Pskov
1012:Pskov
926:Denar
643:Latin
620:Mamai
470:) in
309:Issue
186:Reign
176:with
73:Reign
4138:ISBN
4120:ISBN
4100:ISBN
4082:ISBN
4064:ISBN
4052:2007
4024:2006
3997:ISBN
3977:ISBN
3959:ISBN
3929:ISBN
3911:ISBN
3893:ISBN
3874:ISBN
3856:ISBN
3838:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3798:ISBN
3780:ISBN
3762:ISBN
3732:ISBN
3701:2006
3676:ISBN
3646:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3608:ISSN
3583:ISBN
3549:ISBN
3529:ISBN
3509:ISBN
3491:ISBN
3456:2021
3426:2021
3398:2021
3372:2022
3299:2021
2715:2021
2613:2021
2592:ISBN
2560:2018
2533:2014
2430:2021
2333:ISSN
2134:and
1647:1888
1346:Wkra
1220:and
1172:and
1070:The
900:and
673:and
498:and
242:Died
226:Born
30:and
2323:doi
1628:by
1232:in
813:in
665:of
5316::
4040:33
4038:,
4034:,
3692:,
3604:43
3567:28
3565:,
3442:.
3414:.
3389:.
3363:.
3290:.
3286:.
3261:^
3246:^
3131:^
3080:^
3037:^
2974:^
2916:^
2899:^
2882:^
2831:^
2816:^
2799:^
2740:^
2723:^
2703:.
2691:^
2673:^
2600:.
2586::
2550:.
2521:.
2497:^
2462:^
2418:.
2404:^
2357:^
2331:.
2317:.
2313:.
2178:;
1939:OO
1923:OO
1898:OO
1882:OO
1413:,
1244:.
1213:.
1145:.
787:.
669:,
529:.
502:.
408:c.
406:;
257:,
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5302:.
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5098:(
5090:)
5086:(
5078:)
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3428:.
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246:(
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