2315:
mattresses, railway and carriage seating, car and domestic upholstery and when rubberised it was used in flooring. Oppenheim's family had been in the curled hair manufacturing business for many generations in Kassel, Germany and had factories in Kassel and Basel, Switzerland but after the war there was little left of the business, and it offered no assistance to Kurt who started in
Whitehaven on a small amount of borrowed funds. The product was manufactured from horse and cow hair sourced from China and Argentina. Hair was cleansed, spun into rope (on machinery mainly produced in continental Europe) and then the rope was broken up to produce the hair with a spring like curl in it. This bulky product was bagged and sent off to customers all over the UK. With the introduction of synthetic upholstery fillings in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the UK curled hair business began to contract and Cumberland Curled Hair consolidated the industry by buying up competitors that were closing down and moved their production to Whitehaven. The business expanded into a factory in Hensingham industrial area and brought employment to about eighty people of the town.
566:
1831:
1752:
1674:
1595:
2134:
2647:
804:
Carlisle
Spedding had charge of the design and construction, and successfully sank only the second sub-sea pit in Britain. It was reported that "A shaft twelve foot by ten had been sunk seventy-seven fathoms" (141 metres) "(the deepest a pit had been sunk in any part of Europe) to a three-yard thick coal seam (the Main Band) in twenty-three months, using thirty barrels of gunpowder, and without any loss of life or limb by the workforce'. Saltom Pit ceased working coal in 1848, and is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument (SM 27801) and is the best known surviving example of an 18th-century colliery layout. Evidence of the shaft, horse gin, stable,
818:
1534:
2160:. The Howgill incline connected Ladysmith pit on the steep north-western side of the valley to Wellington pit at the harbour, and operated to the 1970s, and on the south of the town the Corkickle incline, known locally as "The Brake", was built in 1881 from the Furness Railway main line to Croft Pit. This closed in 1931 but was reopened in May 1955 to serve Marchon Products' chemical factory. The Brake closed for good on 31 October 1986, when it was the last commercial roped incline in Britain. It was 525 yards (480 m) in length with gradients of between 1 in 5.2 and 1 in 6.6.
1463:
1393:
58:
1998:
1961:
862:
2130:. The two lines were separated by the town centre, and a tramway was constructed through the market place allowing goods wagons to be horse-drawn from Preston Street to the harbour, but there was still no through route for passenger trains. In 1852, a tunnel 1,333 yards (1,219 m) long was built under the town, and in 1854 the W&FJR passenger trains ran through to the Bransty station from a new station at Corkickle. Preston Street became a goods-only station and served as the main goods depot for the town.
1366:
854:
under the sea, and
William pit extended 4 miles out under the Solway. In 1900 the output of the collieries was 536,000 tons. However they became less economic; the company failed in 1933, and the pits were sold to Priestman collieries. They in turn failed in 1935, and the pits were closed for 18 months. Work resumed with help from a Nuffield foundation, and the Cumberland Coal Company was formed, re-opening the pits in 1937. In 1947 the pits came under the nationalised body, the
91:
2006:
2463:
2308:
596:(1642β1706), who developed the town of Whitehaven, its coal industry and the trade with Ireland. He oversaw the rise of Whitehaven from a small fishing village (at his birth consisting of some fifty houses and a population of about 250) to a planned town three times the size of Carlisle. At his death the 'port of Whitehaven' had 77 registered vessels, totalling about four thousand tons, and was exporting more than 35,000 tons of coal a year.
719:
41:
2985:
890:
833:, known as the Spedding Wheel or Steel Mill. This used the sparks generated by a flint against a rotating steel wheel to provide light, on the basis the sparks were not quite hot enough to ignite the gas. On occasions it caused explosions or fires but it was a major improvement over the naked flame. Lowther also supported experimental work on firedamp by
98:
65:
654:. Due to the coal trade Whitehaven was, after London, the second port of England in terms of tonnage of shipping from 1750 to 1772. Even by 1835 Whitehaven was still the fifth placed port, with 443 ships registered, but by the end of the 19th century only 68 vessels were registered. Whitehaven was involved with the
283:
2260:
and his cousin, Tomi de Gara to establish the West
Cumberland Silk Mills at Hensingham, Whitehaven in 1938. The intention was to manufacture high quality silk and rayon fabrics for the fashion trade, but during World War II they mainly produced parachute nylon. After the war, it became Sekers Fabrics
2036:
Although Sir
Christopher Lowther initially purchased Whitehaven it was his son, Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet, who was responsible for its growth and development. Sir John acquired a market charter in 1660 for the town, but the urban expansion did not start until the 1680s when he laid out a spacious
1905:
The prospect of a rival pier being built at Parton to the north of
Whitehaven galvanised Sir John Lowther into developing the harbour, and by 1679 further work was under way. In the late 17th and 18th century the harbour was extended by ballast walls, moles and piers to become one of the most complex
808:
house, boiler house and chimney, cottages, cart roads and retaining walls, all survives. Coal excavated from Saltom Pit was raised by horse gin to the surface, then transported by tramway through a tunnel to
Ravenhill Pit for lifting to the cliff top. Saltom Pit was used as a central pumping station,
684:
During the 19th century the port of
Whitehaven was overtaken by Bristol, Liverpool and Glasgow, as they had deep-water dock facilities and were closer to large centres of population and industry. The huge development of a national railway network had also reduced Whitehaven's 18th century competitive
2047:
One block was left vacant for a new church and in 1694 another site was given for a
Presbyterian chapel. Most of the streets were relatively narrow, about ten yards, but the principal thoroughfare, Lowther Street, which ran through the town centre from the Lowther family residence to the waterfront,
853:
After Sir James, there was a succession of
Lowthers who inherited the coal interests but did not emulate his close interest. The Lowthers' direct involvement in coal diminished, and in 1888 the mines were leased to the Whitehaven Colliery Company. By 1893 nearly all the coal was being extracted from
599:
Whitehaven's growing prosperity was also based on tobacco. By 1685 there were ships regularly bringing tobacco from the British colonies of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania in America, and by the early 18th century about 10% of England's tobacco imports passed through Whitehaven. By the middle of
2429:
The original article had summed up the situation in terms of the long-term rivalry between Whitehaven and nearby Workington: "Legend has it that one town's miners had jam on their sandwiches and the other did not, but no one agrees on which town it was or whether they did it because they were snobs
803:
With this proven method of pumping Lowther was able to exploit the coal measures under the sea by sinking a pit at Saltom on land below the cliffs south of the harbour, to a depth of 456 ft (138m). Work began early in 1730, and the pit was officially opened in May 1732 with great celebration.
2470:
The 2005 festival also marked the 60th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, in which Whitehaven had been designated Cumbria's official commemoration celebration. Up to 1,000 veterans and ex-service personnel took part in the parade from the town's Castle Park to the harbour side, led by
2318:
The new foam business was called Cheri Foam. By the mid-1960s, the space requirements outgrew the factory in Hensingham and only the offices were kept in the original Tower Brewery in Whitehaven, whilst production of curled hair and flexile urethane foam was moved to an 11-acre site with two large
2155:
of Newcastle. However this pioneering engine was not too successful and was converted to a pumping and winding engine. Nonetheless, the harbour and collieries eventually developed an extensive network of industrial railways within the constraints of the steep valley sides and the coast. The system
783:
Sir John, and after him Sir James, had concerns that there were few reserves of economically retrievable coal under dry land. They felt that exploration under the sea was necessary, but this carried the risk of flooding. However, Sir James had two very able managers, the brothers Carlisle and John
2490:
gig in August of that year. The company staged two events in August 2009. The first was the redesigned festival (known for this year as the Whitehaven Food Festival, although it did still feature tall ships) which offered the usual wide variety of attractions, both around the southern half of the
2314:
In 1945, Kurt Oppenheim, a 26-year-old refugee from Nazi Germany, bought the abandoned Whitehaven Brewery site on Inkerman Terrace and began using it to prove both a home for the family and a factory to house the production of curled hair. Curled hair was used as the a part of the filling for bed
901:, contributed to problems at the colliery. The workforce attempted to open a new face, but a decision had been taken to close, and after two years of recovery work, Haig finally ceased mining on 31 March 1986. Today there is no mining carried out in Whitehaven though there is a proposal to sink a
769:
FRS (1673β1755) continued the work of his father and reputedly became the richest commoner in England. Between 1709 and 1754, over Β£46,000 was spent to extend the Lowther holdings of land and coal royalties in West Cumberland. By the 1740s Lowther was the dominant exporter at every harbour in the
2211:
The new detergents were a big success, as soap was in short supply after the war; however the original reason for moving to Whitehaven, remoteness from Europe, was now a serious handicap as the site was remote from raw materials. The answer was to manufacture as much processed raw material as
770:
Cumberland coalfield and from the late 17th to the mid-19th centuries this coal represented 6%-7% of all English exports to Ireland; most of the coal burnt in Dublin came from here. However, Lowther was noted for his unscrupulous business practices, and a lease of the coal royalties owned by
881:. The largest disaster in the area was in 1910 at Wellington Pit, where 136 miners died. In another disaster in 1947 at William Pit, 104 men were killed. Four separate explosions over the period 1922β1931 at Haig Pit together killed 83. Haig was the last pit to operate in Whitehaven.
1968:
The harbour has seen much other renovation due to millennium developments, and the rejuvenation project cost an estimated Β£11.3 million. This has provided 100 more moorings within the marina. Another Β£5.5 million has been spent on developing a 40 m (130 ft) high
1769:
An Act to increase the borrowing powers of the Whitehaven Harbour Commissioners; to confer on the Commissioners further powers pursuant to the Harbours, Docks, and Piers Clauses Act 1847; to make further provision for the regulation of the harbour; and for purposes connected
762:
Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet (1642β1706) significantly developed the coal industry and the trade with Ireland. He spent over Β£11,000 in expanding the Lowther holdings in the area, and considerably improved the drainage of his pits; thus allowing mining at greater depths.
706:]. His tender was submitted in June, and he was "given to understand" that he could begin the work at once, but part of the land was not available until October. This meant the work took place during the winter, when operations are more difficult and more costly. The
2434:, a few miles further up the Cumbria coast (which, as occasionally mentioned in discussions on the topic, used to have a jam factory) reported that he had understood the term originally referred to people from Whitehaven, and this was echoed in the comments on the
913:
In 2007, Copeland Council declared that it could no longer afford to maintain the remaining Saltom Pit buildings, and preserve them from damage by the sea. But after an online campaign by myWhitehaven.net, the council changed their mind. They teamed up with the
1901:
By the 1660s the pier was suffering from storm damage and by the 1670s it was considered too small for the growing number of vessels wanting to use it. In 1677 a description refers to "a little pier, in shallow water, built with some wooden piles and stones".
2491:
harbour and at St. Nicholas' Church, on 8β9 August. The second event, the following week, was the Here and Now Gig (a music concert with 1980's pop icons). For the June 2010 festival, which was similar in format to 2009, the music performances (Status Quo,
746:, granted leases of land in 1560 for digging coal, and in 1586 he granted St Bees School liberty "to take 40 loads of coal at his coal pits in the parish of St Bees for the use of the school". Such workings were small-scale and near the surface, using
741:
in the Whitehaven area is in the time of Prior Langton (1256β1282) of St Bees Priory, concerning the coal mines at Arrowthwaite. St Bees Priory was dissolved in 1539, and the lands and mineral rights passed to secular owners. The first of these,
2176:, which became the fastest locomotives of the day; one was reported to have reached 62 mph. Over the life of the works, some 260 locomotives were produced β mainly for industrial lines. The works entered shipbuilding in 1842β3, producing
1480:
An Act for enlarging the Term for Payment of certain Duties, granted in and by an Act of Parliament passed in the Seventh Year of Her Majesty's Reign, intituled, "An Act for preserving and enlarging the Harbour of Whitehaven, in the County of
2458:
were very much in evidence, conducting the traditional Evening Colours ceremony each evening aboard one of the visiting tall ships, and also taking part in the festival's official closing ceremony during the late Sunday afternoon each year.
1848:
An Act to transfer to Whitehaven Harbour Commissioners all rights, properties, assets and obligations of W3M Charitable Foundation, Whitehaven Development Company Limited and W3M (Trading) Limited; to dissolve those companies; and for other
2373:
based in Whitehaven. Founded in 1900 It wasn't until 1920 that the Club changed its allegiances to Rugby League. Hensingham is one of the oldest rugby clubs in the country. They play their rugby in the National Conference League Division
529:
was founded by William de Meschin, which was granted a large tract of land from the coast at Whitehaven to the river Keekle, and then south down the River Ehen to the sea. This included the small fishing village of Whitehaven. Following
2284:
The company was awarded the Duke of Edinburgh prize for elegant design in 1962, 1965 and 1973, and a Royal warrant was awarded as suppliers of furnishing fabric to Her Majesty the Queen. In 1964, they established a large showroom at
2200:, where they formed a sister company, "Solway Chemicals", to produce liquid fertilisers and foaming agents. At the end of the war, a number of chemists and engineers were released after the closure of the Royal Ordnance Factories at
1612:
An Act to make provision in relation to the application of the revenue of the Whitehaven Harbour Commissioners and the payment of interest on bonds of the Commissioners; to authorise the creation of a reserve fund; and for other
2232:
from the specially-created Sandwith mine adjacent to the factory. Production diversified further into specialist additives and chemicals, and continued to expand to become the town's largest employer, with 2,300 employees.
922:. On Monday 8 December 2007, Saltom Pit was reopened as an historic monument. The pit buildings have been conserved and are now part of the 'Whitehaven Coast' project, a scheme to regenerate the coastal area of Whitehaven.
637:
and even beyond the last. They have of late fallen into some merchandising also, occasioned by the strange great number of their shipping, and there are now some considerable merchants; but the town is yet but young in
774:
was obtained in 1742 on manifestly unfair terms: an annual rent of Β£3.50, with no payment per ton raised, for 867 years. The lease was eventually quashed in 1827, with compensation of over Β£13,000 paid to the school.
2146:
As in other colliery areas, horse-drawn tramways and then locomotive-powered railways were used extensively to move coal. The first steam locomotive made an early appearance in 1816, to a design similar to the noted
1897:
in 1630 by the Lowther family started the development of Whitehaven harbour primarily to export coal. Sir Christopher Lowther built a stone pier in 1631β1634, and it survives, albeit very modified, as the Old Quay.
2425:
published its own complementary feature, reporting that: "The common view is that the term is insulting because it implies people could not afford to buy meat for their sandwiches, so they had to eat jam instead."
2617:
was switched off at 0200 on 17 October 2007. This was followed by the remaining analogue channels at 0200, on 14 November 2007. As a result of the switchover, all televisions in the Whitehaven area had to have a
784:
Spedding, who were willing to explore new technology and techniques. In 1712 John Spedding urged Lowther to consider pumping by steam, and in 1715 he became one of the earliest customers for the newly invented
2446:
Whitehaven has also played host to a Maritime Festival, which started in 1999 and was held every two years, and then annually (the last being in 2013) attracting an estimated 350,000 people to the small town.
1956:
and marine consulting engineers Beckett Rankine drew up a new master plan to impound the inner basins of the harbour to create a large marina and fishing harbour, and refocus the town on a renovated harbour.
915:
841:. Brownrigg had gas piped from a nearby pit to his workshop, which provided light and heat, and bladders of the gas were taken to London to be demonstrated at the Royal Society. Brownrigg was elected a
3263:
581:
of the Whitehaven estate in 1630 and the subsequent development of the port and the mines. In 1634 he built a stone pier providing shelter and access for shipping, enabling the export of coal from the
3581:
1859:
1780:
1701:
2040:
Sir John specified that the houses were "to be three storeys high, not less than 28 feet from the street level to the square of the side walls, the windows of the first and second storeys to be
615:. By the second half of the 18th century there was a marked decline in shipping of tobacco via Whitehaven, and by 1820 the Customs Collector did not mention tobacco in his report on Whitehaven.
4432:
600:
the 18th century it was the second or third port in England for tobacco imports. The tobacco was then sold on the domestic market or re-exported, e.g. to Ireland, France and the Netherlands.
2482:
and organised by the Whitehaven Festival Company, made up of a board of volunteers, who organised 17 major events between 1999 and 2015. The company was closed in 2016. They organised the
467:
complex, which is the largest local employer of labour and has a significant administrative base in the town. Whitehaven includes a number of former villages, estates and suburbs, such as
2244:, in 1999. The decline of this site had started in the late 1980s, and finally in 2005 the site was closed down after a number of production processes had been terminated over the years.
2438:
article, suggesting that a former distinction between the Whitehaven "jam eaters" and Workington "high siders" had gradually been lost in the trading of insults across the rugby pitch.
4722:
3817:
1260:
331:
323:
1287:
3147:
Winchester, Angus J. L. "The Multiple Estate: A Framework for the Evolution of Settlement in Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian Cumbria" in Baldwin, John R. and Whyte, Ian D. (eds),
2599:
2595:
2542:
1298:
2638:, poor signal quality left viewers with blank television screens and the digital switchover was supposed to give over 40 channels but certain areas received fewer than 20.
565:
460:
Whitehaven was the site of a major chemical industry after World War II, but both that and the coal industry have disappeared, and today the major industry is the nearby
3340:
307:
4712:
57:
3691:
4828:
4823:
897:
In 1983, a major geological fault was encountered at Haig pit which increased the difficulty of operation. This, combined with the political situation, and the
144:
4783:
593:
570:
2133:
629:
grown up from a small place to be very considerable by the coal trade, that it is now the most eminent port in England for shipping off of coals, except
2054:
was built in 1769 for Sir John Lowther as his private residence at the end of Lowther Street, replacing an earlier building destroyed by fire. In 1924,
4808:
2293:
877:
In 300 years over seventy pits were sunk in the Whitehaven area. During this period some five hundred or more people were killed in pit disasters and
2574:, taxi driver Derrick Bird began the spree in Whitehaven, shooting several people on the streets and at the taxi rank where he worked, killing 12.
2048:
was 16 yards wide. The old St Nicholas chapel was demolished in 1693 to make way for Lowther Street, and its materials used to build a new school.
2115:
1890:
The existence of a harbour or landing place at Whitehaven can be traced back to 1517, when quay-dues, otherwise known as wharfage, were recorded.
269:
1977:
on Lowther Street, voted Cumbria Tourism's small visitor attraction of the year 2007. A picture of the harbour was used on the front page of the
4788:
1854:
1775:
1696:
1618:
1546:
1486:
1415:
4737:
4360:
3512:
3485:
3393:
2062:, along with Β£20,000 to convert it into a hospital to replace the old Whitehaven Infirmary at Howgill Street, which was established in 1830.
1264:
4070:
898:
754:. But the Lowther family later developed and dominated the coal industry in Whitehaven from the mid 17th century to the early 20th century.
2281:
in Paris. At the same time it supplied luxury-style dress materials within the purchasing power of most home dressmakers working in nylon.
2196:. At Whitehaven they started manufacturing firelighters, then in 1943 they moved production to the site of the Ladysmith pit coke ovens at
1276:
578:
2646:
1925:, began to take over its main trade. Its peak of prosperity was in the 19th century when West Cumberland experienced a brief boom because
503:, around 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the north, there is no evidence of a Roman settlement on the site of the present town of Whitehaven.
367:
4732:
2208:. This helped drive the pioneering expansion into detergent bases to include some of the first soap-substitutes to reach the UK market.
407:
295:
4727:
4239:
4106:
3912:
2683:
2563:
2192:
relocated Marchon Products Ltd from London to Whitehaven, which was a special development area, after their offices were destroyed by
2055:
817:
4695:
4480:
4409:
3966:
3229:
3187:
809:
draining many of the other local mines via a drift driven in the 1790s, and continued in use long after it had ceased to work coal.
585:, particularly to Ireland. This was a key event in the rapid growth of the town from a small fishing village to an industrial port.
441:, driving a growing export of coal through the harbour from the 17th century onwards. It was also a major port for trading with the
445:, and was, after London, the second busiest port of England by tonnage from 1750 to 1772. This prosperity led to the creation of a
710:
in this case decided that the timing issue substantially affected the contract, and awarded damages to be paid to the contractor.
4282:
4101:
3807:
Richard Newman (2013) Port Development and Town Planning in North West England in Journal of Maritime Archaeology Vol 8 No2 p.292
1835:
1756:
1678:
1599:
1538:
349:
90:
2403:
Whitehaven Cricket Club play in the Cumbria Cricket League and jointly share their pitch "The Playground" with Whitehaven RUFC.
3373:
2515:
2397:
2029:. Whitehaven's planned layout was with streets in a right-angled grid which it is thought was imitated by the new towns of the
454:
300:
257:
223:
2454:
and various modern and old planes, street entertainment and firework displays. At the 2003, 2005 and 2007 festivals the local
4818:
4813:
4490:
4335:
4054:
3949:
3932:
2998:
2943:
2026:
766:
535:
450:
187:
177:
3752:
2545:
on 103.4 FM and Hospital Radio Haven, a community based radio that broadcast from the West Cumberland Hospital in the town.
4128:
137:
3716:
2566:, following a killing spree targeting people living in the western area of the county. After killing his twin brother in
4221:
2822:
2514:
and other favourites. In 2012 the date of the festival was changed to the first weekend in June, to make it part of the
431:
312:
3224:, Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society Extra Series XXIV, Titus Wilson, Kendal, 1988,
2349:
2345:
2253:
2099:
1467:
1397:
905:
out under the sea for coking coal. In November 2019 the UK government gave the green light for this mine to go ahead.
842:
743:
20:
2058:
sold Whitehaven Castle to Herbert Wilson Walker, a local industrialist. Walker donated the building to the people of
538:
in 1539, ownership of this estate passed through a number of secular landlords until it passed into the hands of the
3102:
4757:
4747:
4682:
3622:
3416:
2527:
2363:
2152:
2119:
2083:
1911:
1350:
918:
to try to save Saltom Pit, and obtained the necessary funding from various sources, including a 50% grant from the
697:
678:
4793:
4717:
2126:
were reached. This gave access to the south onto the main West Coast line, and later became the main line of the
2087:
634:
359:
354:
4438:
3883:
3362:
J. E. Williams (1956) Whitehaven in the Eighteenth Century, in The Economic History Review Vol 8 No. 3 pp402-404
3304:
J. E. Williams (1956) Whitehaven in the Eighteenth Century, in The Economic History Review Vol. 8 No 3 pp400-402
3295:
J. E. Williams (1956) Whitehaven in the Eighteenth Century, in The Economic History Review Vol. 8 No 3 pp396-397
2938:), coach and football scout. Woods became a football coach and scout working alongside England football manager
4803:
4798:
3350:
2909:
2906:(1667β1745), claimed an over-fond nurse kidnapped and brought him to Whitehaven for three years in his infancy.
2876:
2788:
2726:
2702:
2189:
2103:
2075:
1960:
861:
237:
3335:
1646:
4752:
4527:
2511:
2041:
1691:
An Act to authorise the Whitehaven Harbour Commissioners to construct further works; and for other purposes.
3555:
1997:
1365:
4555:
3008:
1989:
then officially re-opened the refurbished Beacon museum at the harbour; 10,000 people attended the event.
1551:
1329:
797:
700:. Bush, the contractor in this case, had contracted to construct a water-main for a "slump sum" [
515:
3644:
430:, and has a town council for the parish of Whitehaven. The population of the town was 23,986 at the 2011
4570:
4522:
4473:
3461:, Scottish Court of Session, Inner House First Division, delivered 1 February 1916, accessed 5 June 2024
2927:
2858:
2852:
2708:
2479:
2286:
2022:
1843:
1803:
1764:
1724:
1686:
1607:
1475:
1405:
1294:
792:
would take, and would do so at a quarter of the cost. Consequently, a small (17-inch diameter cylinder)
446:
411:
3314:
3125:
Retrieved 1 March 2019. One of the 51 towns in UK "considered to be particularly splendid and precious"
4580:
3202:
History, Topography and Directory of Cumberland, 1901, T.F. Bulmer, T.Bulmer & Co., Penrith, 1901
2693:
2631:
2010:
655:
616:
582:
464:
288:
169:
4778:
2931:
2923:
2783:
2619:
2341:
2237:
2173:
2111:
2071:
1934:
1302:
855:
667:
630:
480:
468:
2044:
and the same, together with the doors to be of hewn stone." Ample provision was made for gardens.
2021:, the first post-medieval new planned town in England. It is the most complete example of planned
2005:
4742:
4575:
3037:
2949:
2913:
2898:
2591:
2296:
in 1955 for services to the fashion industry, and was knighted in 1965 for services to the arts.
2018:
1982:
1942:
902:
670:(Whitehaven's local authority) issued a formal apology for Whitehaven's role in the slave trade.
604:
511:
213:
205:
1623:
4327:
4321:
3458:
2471:
members of three military bands. Services were held on the harbour side, and aircraft from the
2261:
and reverted to its original purpose. It supplied material to the great fashion houses such as
1929:
found locally was one of the few iron ores that could be used to produce steel by the original
788:. Spedding concluded that such an engine would drain a flooded pit in two-thirds the time that
4637:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4565:
4405:
4356:
4331:
4050:
3962:
3945:
3928:
3908:
3665:
3508:
3502:
3481:
3389:
3225:
3183:
2935:
2773:
2714:
2557:
2538:
2496:
2487:
2462:
2415:
to refer to the people of Whitehaven, or more generally to people from West Cumbria. When the
2378:
2307:
2197:
2107:
2079:
2051:
2030:
1882:
1272:
834:
800:, was erected. It was so successful that in 1727 Lowther bought an additional pumping engine.
472:
442:
427:
423:
419:
4447:
4652:
4622:
4466:
4287:
4097:
3537:
3441:
3385:
3381:
3003:
2894:
2635:
2359:
2241:
2217:
1938:
1930:
437:
The town's growth was largely due to the exploitation of the extensive coal measures by the
262:
4243:
1410:
An Act for preserving and enlarging the Harbour of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland.
4627:
4545:
4427:
4075:
2882:
2818:
2806:
2744:
2738:
2651:
2472:
2417:
2393:
2262:
2257:
2127:
1937:
removed this advantage. In the 20th century, as in most mining communities, the inter-war
1907:
1268:
878:
785:
718:
674:
611:
began to take over Whitehaven's tobacco trade, leading to the later creation of Glasgow's
550:
500:
3477:
Coal and Tobacco: The Lowthers and the Economic Development of West Cumberland, 1660β1760
607:
united England with Scotland, thereby abolishing excise duties between them, the port of
4376:
2421:
ran a lighthearted article on famous feuds in September 2008, featuring this, the local
1981:'s promotional material for an exhibition of Millennium Projects in 2003. In June 2008,
4632:
4507:
2990:
2903:
2800:
2779:
2753:
2670:
2587:
2583:
2507:
2270:
2225:
2157:
2148:
1970:
919:
805:
771:
729:
is a pit in Whitehaven. The school "St James' Juniors" is on the site of the old pit.
539:
526:
438:
40:
3961:
Butt, R.V.J. (1995). The Directory of Railway Stations. Yeovil: Patrick Stephens Ltd.
3944:
Colin and Rose Bell (1972) City Fathers The Early History of Town Planning in Britain
3907:
Colin and Rose Bell (1972) City Fathers The Early History of Town Planning in Britain
1917:
The port's trade waned rapidly when ports with much larger shipping capacity, such as
4772:
4423:
3589:
Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society
3528:
Allen, J.S. (1972). "The 1715 and other Newcomen Engines at Whitehaven, Cumberland".
3271:
Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society
3050:
2953:
2919:
2888:
2870:
2828:
2810:
2711:(1864β1956), doctor who founded the first medical training facility for women in Asia
2662:
2634:, etc.) The switchover in the Whitehaven area was not entirely successful: in nearby
2623:
2274:
2213:
1986:
1974:
1953:
865:
838:
619:, which started life as a private house built for a merchant, was completed in 1710.
612:
404:
3730:
2562:
On 2 June 2010, Whitehaven became a focus in the international media in relation to
2118:(W&FJR) opened on 1 June 1849 from a terminus at Whitehaven (Preston Street) to
696:, was one of a series of legal cases involved in the development of the doctrine of
4592:
4049:"Marchon β the whitehaven chemical works" A W Routledge, Publisher Tempus, 2005,
3445:
3346:
3054:
2984:
2939:
2861:(born 1962), founder of the International Maritime Festival, author and businessman
2846:
2794:
2769:
2720:
2687:
2666:
2483:
2370:
2337:
2266:
2169:
1872:
1793:
1714:
1636:
1564:
1503:
1432:
935:
889:
622:
496:
153:
4306:
3794:
Richard Newman (2013) Port Development and Town Planning in North West England in
3504:
Innovation and Technological Diffusion: An Economic History of Early Steam Engines
1973:
and a wave light feature that changes colour depending on the tide, together with
4240:"North-West Evening Mail article on Eskdale reception problems, 14 November 2007"
3475:
2837:(1881β1965), Lord Lawson of Beamish, British trade unionist and Labour politician
4597:
4136:
4018:
Colin E Mountford "Rope haulage β the forgotten element of railway history" in
2834:
2759:
2674:
1985:
visited Whitehaven as part of the 300th Anniversary Celebrations. The Queen and
1978:
1964:
The marina, and in the background, the Beacon museum and the candlestick chimney
738:
685:
advantage of having coal extracted very close to a harbour for shipment by sea.
449:
planned town in the 18th century which has left an architectural legacy of over
4458:
4291:
4172:
3861:
4687:
4453:
4276:
4022:β proc of the First International Railway Conference.Pub Newcomen Society 1998
3997:β proc of the First International Railway Conference.Pub Newcomen Society 1998
3027:
Total is given by Wood; purchases (and price paid) are listed in appendices of
2980:
2840:
2732:
2571:
2531:
2503:
2455:
2451:
2412:
2221:
2205:
2059:
1245:
689:
659:
531:
476:
461:
4286:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/70455.
2776:, lived in Whitehaven and is buried in the graveyard of St Nicholas's Church.
1906:
pier harbours in Britain. April 1778 saw the harbour as the first site of an
382:
369:
4667:
4550:
2864:
2763:
2679:
2603:
2229:
2193:
2123:
2122:, and thereafter gradually in stages until Barrow in Furness and ultimately
1926:
1922:
837:, a local doctor and scientist, and he presented papers by Brownrigg at the
830:
789:
569:
Matthias Read's view of Whitehaven, circa 1738, showing the planned town of
514:, which includes Whitehaven, indicates that the land was purchased from the
484:
247:
3774:
3077:
2602:. The selection of a pilot site followed on from trial switchovers held in
2037:
rectangular grid of streets to the north east of the existing tiny hamlet.
1948:
The harbour lost its last commercial cargo handling operation in 1992 when
557:
until 1835 when three ecclesiastical districts were created in Whitehaven.
4657:
4642:
4586:
4560:
3541:
2970:
2966:
2697:
2567:
2431:
2278:
2106:, which terminated at the Bransty Row station and allowed rail access to
826:
751:
651:
643:
589:
4186:
3927:
Mick Aston and James Bond (2000 revised edition) The Landscape of Towns
3151:, Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies (1985) pp. 89β101
642:
To replace the tobacco trade, Whitehaven turned to importing sugar from
545:
Whitehaven was a township within the "Preston Quarter" of the parish of
4662:
4496:
2627:
2614:
2320:
1918:
1894:
647:
608:
554:
546:
522:
507:
415:
229:
195:
111:
1945:
which suddenly placed tariff barriers on its principal export market.
4677:
4647:
4617:
4442:
4204:
2607:
2534:. Television signals are received from the local relay transmitter.
2492:
1283:
663:
403:
is a town and port on the English north west coast and near to the
3692:"Minister cites climate change in rejection of opencast coal mine"
2645:
2518:
celebration (with a red, white and blue themed firework display).
2461:
2306:
2212:
possible on the site. New plants were built for the production of
2201:
2132:
2004:
1996:
1959:
1933:. Improvements to the Bessemer process and the development of the
1369:
Whitehaven Harbour from Prospect showing Beacon museum at the left
1364:
888:
860:
816:
717:
3040:) Lady Day Quarter of 1729 according to John Spedding's accounts.
2813:, began his career in Whitehaven and returned in 1778 aboard the
2450:
Attractions included tall ships, air displays which included the
2411:
The term "jam eater" is often used by the people of neighbouring
2256:, of the West Cumberland Industrial Development Company, invited
4150:
3122:
2747:
2377:
There are several Whitehaven-based teams playing in the amateur
747:
707:
4462:
4228:(Press release). Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2006.
418:, England. It lies by road 38 miles (61 km) south-west of
2510:) continued the successful culinary theme, with the return of
702:
3839:
2114:. On the southern side of the town, the first section of the
577:
The modern growth of Whitehaven started with the purchase by
4222:"Whitehaven Chosen For National Switchover Flagship Project"
2384:
Whitehaven's female amateur R.L.F.C is named the "Wildcats".
2137:
Whitehaven station, with the tunnel to Corkickle seen behind
625:
visited Whitehaven in the 1720s and wrote that the town had
4274:
Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004).
2867:(1936β2015), professional rugby league footballer and coach
2849:(1735-1816), was a Quaker minister based here for 42 years.
4173:"Whitehaven (Cumbria, England) Freeview Light transmitter"
3753:"St. Bees Head (Cumbria) UK climate averages - Met Office"
3448:, UKHL 3, delivered 19 April 1956, accessed 30 April 2024
2240:, and they in turn were taken over by the French company,
2172:
began to produce locomotives in 1843, including the first
829:
explosion, Carlisle Spedding invented a forerunner to the
4264:
Whitehavenandwesternlakeland.co.uk. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
3993:
Jim Rees, "The Strange Story of the Steam Elephant" in
2001:
One of the fine terraces in the town β on Scotch Street
2543:
Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland
2526:
Local news and television programmes are provided by
1941:
was severe; this was exacerbated for West Cumbria by
1297:, for Local Government purposes it had the following
457:
due to the historic quality of the town environment.
453:. Whitehaven has been designated a "gem town" by the
4205:"Local Newspapers for Cumbria and the Lake District"
4005:
4003:
2600:
digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom
4705:
4536:
4515:
2548:The Whitehaven News is the town's local newspaper.
1881:
1871:
1866:
1853:
1842:
1816:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1774:
1763:
1737:
1723:
1713:
1708:
1695:
1685:
1659:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1617:
1606:
1580:
1563:
1558:
1545:
1519:
1502:
1497:
1485:
1474:
1448:
1431:
1426:
1414:
1404:
1378:
322:
306:
294:
282:
268:
256:
246:
236:
222:
204:
186:
168:
152:
136:
125:
33:
4275:
4031:Morton, D.O. "The origins of Lowca engine works",
3923:
3921:
3257:
3255:
3253:
2486:visit to Whitehaven in June 2008, followed by the
2252:To help counter the 50% unemployment in the area,
3336:Letter 10: Lancashire, Westmorland and Cumberland
722:Saltom Pit 1729β1848, pioneer of undersea mining.
4377:"ΠΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ β Municipality of KOZLODUY"
2956:from 1843 to 1850, frequently visited Whitehaven
2897:(born 1990), professional ice hockey player for
4450:(nb: provisional research only β see Talk page)
3840:"The Rum Story β The Dark Spirit of Whitehaven"
2220:was produced on site using phosphate rock from
1952:ceased their phosphate rock import operations.
627:
426:. It was the administrative seat of the former
3469:
3467:
3341:A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain
2475:provided a tribute display above the harbour.
2180:, the first iron ship launched in Cumberland.
2098:The first railway to reach Whitehaven was the
681:, burning some merchant ships in the harbour.
4474:
4454:Sekers Silk Mills in the 1940s β archive film
4277:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
3459:Smellie v. Caledonian Railway Co. ScotLR 336
3349:, from "A Vision of Britain Through Time" (a
2942:throughout most of Robson's career including
8:
4216:
4214:
4045:
4043:
4041:
3979:"Reports of Select Committees on Railways".
3790:
3788:
2879:(1912β1995), co-founder of Marchon Chemicals
2809:(1747β1792), slave trader and father of the
2782:(born 1997), Premier League footballer with
2033:, with which there were strong trade links.
594:Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet, of Whitehaven
4323:Farewell but not Goodbye β my autobiography
4151:"Whitehaven International Festival Company"
3264:"The Washingtons at Whitehaven and Appleby"
3049:In other areas, additional alternatives to
4481:
4467:
4459:
3605:First item (ahead of news from London) in
3240:first item (ahead of news from London) in
2090:, joined by a tunnel underneath the town.
1813:
1734:
1656:
1577:
1516:
1445:
1375:
930:
422:and 45 miles (72 km) to the north of
80:Show map of the former Borough of Copeland
30:
4064:
4062:
3556:"Newcomen Engines at Whitehaven, site of"
2885:(1910β1972), co-founder of Sekers Fabrics
2352:. Their mascot is a lion called "Pride".
2299:The Whitehaven silk mill closed in 2006.
2236:In 1955 the companies were taken over by
1328:The following divisions were included in
868:(closed 1986), the last pit in Whitehaven
4448:Cumbria County History Trust: Whitehaven
4353:There's an Awful Lot of Bubbly in Brazil
3717:"Call-in Request Rejected by Government"
3053:were available, such as the cable-based
694:Bush v Whitehaven Port and Town Trustees
564:
4283:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4102:"190β192, Sloane Street, SW1 (1272552)"
3719:. West Cumbria Mining. 1 November 2019.
3582:"The sinking of Saltom Pit, Whitehaven"
3501:Harry Kitsikopoulos (23 October 2015).
3069:
3020:
2696:(b. 29 July 1961), keyboard player for
2590:announced that Whitehaven would be the
2582:On 20 July 2006, Broadcasting Minister
2478:The Maritime Festivals were founded by
2116:Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway
321:
277:
245:
221:
135:
37:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3136:Scandinavian England: Collected Papers
2537:Whitehaven's local radio stations are
1261:Whitehaven and Workington constituency
825:To counter the considerable danger of
698:frustration of contract in English law
510:in the 10th century. The area name of
3386:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.47702
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
2772:(1671β1701), paternal grandmother of
2082:. The town has two railway stations:
1883:Text of statute as originally enacted
1804:Text of statute as originally enacted
1725:Text of statute as originally enacted
1647:Text of statute as originally enacted
1290:European Parliamentary Constituency.
305:
293:
281:
267:
255:
235:
203:
185:
167:
7:
4829:1947 disasters in the United Kingdom
4824:1910 disasters in the United Kingdom
3530:Transactions of the Newcomen Society
3446:Davis Contractors v Fareham Urban DC
2750:(1880-1935), author and psychologist
2626:) or digital satellite alternative (
1277:2024 United Kingdom general election
666:between 1711 and 1767. In 2006, the
506:The area was settled by Irish-Norse
4784:Populated coastal places in Cumbria
3343:, divided into circuits or journies
2650:Modern sculpture commemorating the
677:raided the town in 1778 during the
518:, possibly with loot from Ireland.
4242:. 17 December 2007. Archived from
4107:National Heritage List for England
3444:, in the House of Lords ruling on
3417:"Borough to say sorry for slavery"
3180:Whitehaven: an illustrated history
2506:plus several 1980s acts including
2499:) were moved to the harbour area.
1275:, who has held the seat since the
893:Saltom Pit after conservation work
662:leaving Whitehaven for voyages to
97:
64:
14:
4696:List of civil parishes in Cumbria
4402:Whitehaven an illustrated history
4326:. Hoder & Stoughton. p.
3317:. Whitehaven and Western Lakeland
3078:"Whitehaven Town Council Website"
2741:(born 1960), rugby league referee
2717:(1711β1800), doctor and scientist
2466:Whitehaven Maritime Festival 2005
2025:in Europe and there are over 170
4809:Coal mining disasters in England
4135:. 2 October 2008. Archived from
4069:Crosby, Margaret (3 July 2009).
3372:Gilmore, John (September 2008).
3222:West Cumberland Coal 1600-1982/3
2983:
2803:(1960β2015), rugby league player
2797:(1936β2021), rugby league player
2369:Hensingham ARLFC are an Amateur
1910:on the British Isles during the
1836:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1829:
1757:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1750:
1679:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1672:
1600:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1593:
1539:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1532:
1461:
1391:
849:The decline of Lowther influence
821:Carlisle Spedding's "steel mill"
673:Scottish-American naval officer
96:
89:
63:
56:
39:
4071:"Sekers: A story woven in silk"
3842:. Rumstory.co.uk. 14 March 2000
3796:Journal of Maritime Archaeology
3690:Vaughan, Adam (23 March 2018).
3378:African American Studies Center
3138:, Chichester: Phillimore (1975)
2398:West Lancashire Football League
796:, built by Thomas Newcomen and
549:, and the town's churches were
455:Council for British Archaeology
3480:. Cambridge University Press.
2999:Listed buildings in Whitehaven
2873:, (1775β1844), maritime artist
2819:naval raid on the town in 1778
2570:, and his family solicitor in
2564:gun laws in the United Kingdom
2224:imported via the harbour; and
767:Sir James Lowther, 4th Baronet
1:
4789:Ports and harbours of Cumbria
2502:The 2011 festival (featuring
2292:Miki Sekers was appointed an
2188:In 1941, Fred Marzillier and
1893:The purchase of the manor of
1293:Prior to the introduction of
1127:Average rainfall mm (inches)
758:The influence of the Lowthers
521:Following the arrival of the
4713:Parliamentary constituencies
4307:UK public library membership
4191:www.hospitalradiohaven.co.uk
3645:"Scheduled Ancient monument"
3611:. 20 May 1732. pp. 1β2.
3246:. 20 May 1732. pp. 1β2.
3182:. Whitehaven: Michael Moon.
3149:The Scandinavians in Cumbria
2823:American War of Independence
2791:(born 1959), record producer
2430:or peasants." A reader from
2094:Coming of the public railway
1949:
1912:American War of Independence
885:Temporary end of coal mining
77:Location in Copeland Borough
2350:British rugby league system
2100:Whitehaven Junction Railway
2013:on Duke Street, built 1710.
1818:Whitehaven Harbour Act 2007
1739:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1981
1661:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1970
1582:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1962
1521:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1937
1468:Parliament of Great Britain
1450:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1711
1398:Parliament of Great Britain
1380:Whitehaven Harbour Act 1708
1057:Mean daily minimum Β°C (Β°F)
987:Mean daily maximum Β°C (Β°F)
843:Fellow of the Royal Society
481:Cumbrian coast railway line
138:OS grid reference
28:Human settlement in England
21:Whitehaven (disambiguation)
4845:
4738:Grade II* listed buildings
4351:Brazil, Alan (June 2007).
3983:. 17 June 1853. p. 5.
3864:. Whitehaven-harbour.co.uk
3623:"Culross (section mining)"
3507:. Routledge. p. 119.
2735:(born1987), speedway rider
2613:The switchover began when
2555:
2528:BBC North East and Cumbria
2364:National Conference League
2303:Cumberland Curled Hair Ltd
1811:United Kingdom legislation
1732:United Kingdom legislation
1654:United Kingdom legislation
1575:United Kingdom legislation
1514:United Kingdom legislation
1443:United Kingdom legislation
1373:United Kingdom legislation
1243:
933:
909:Preservation of Saltom pit
737:The earliest reference to
679:American Revolutionary War
650:and coffee and cocoa from
18:
4504:
4355:. Highdown. p. 164.
4033:The Industrial Locomotive
3862:"Whitehaven Harbour news"
3315:"Duke Street, Whitehaven"
3038:since this is before 1752
2922:(born 1941), footballer (
2216:in a pioneering process;
1828:
1823:
1749:
1744:
1671:
1666:
1592:
1587:
1531:
1526:
1460:
1455:
1390:
1385:
1259:Whitehaven is within the
1196:
1126:
1056:
986:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
899:miners' strike in 1984β85
656:transatlantic slave trade
536:dissolution of the priory
340:
332:Whitehaven and Workington
318:
278:
50:
38:
4733:Grade I listed buildings
4129:"WHO ARE THE JAM-EATERS"
3351:University of Portsmouth
2877:Frank Schon, Baron Schon
2756:(born 1969), businessman
2578:Digital switchover trial
2184:Marchon chemical complex
1342:Hillcrest and Hensingham
16:Town in Cumbria, England
4528:Westmorland and Furness
4433:considered for deletion
3262:Hinchcliffe, E (1971).
3082:Whitehaven Town Council
2891:(1927β2016), footballer
2723:(born 1985), footballer
2705:(died 1798), clockmaker
2658:In alphabetical order:
2516:Queen's Diamond Jubilee
2512:Jean-Christophe Novelli
2170:Lowca engineering works
1552:1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6
1355:Whitehaven Town Council
1349:Whitehaven has its own
579:Sir Christopher Lowther
479:, and is served by the
4556:Appleby-in-Westmorland
4320:Robson, Bobby (2005).
4292:10.1093/ref:odnb/70455
3474:J. V. Beckett (1981).
3103:"Town population 2011"
3009:The Whitehaven Academy
2843:(born 1969), cricketer
2729:(born 1990), cricketer
2655:
2586:and Industry Minister
2467:
2396:currently play in the
2311:
2138:
2014:
2002:
1965:
1370:
1330:Cumbria County Council
894:
869:
822:
723:
640:
574:
516:Kingdom of Strathclyde
258:Postcode district
188:Ceremonial county
170:Unitary authority
45:Whitehaven Market Hall
4819:1947 mining disasters
4814:1910 mining disasters
4571:Bowness-on-Windermere
4404:, Michael Moon, 1979
3580:Ward, Jean E (1991).
3560:Engineering Timelines
2859:Gerard Richardson MBE
2853:Matthew Postlethwaite
2709:Dame Edith Mary Brown
2649:
2465:
2355:Other teams include;
2340:stronghold, its team
2310:
2287:190-192 Sloane Street
2136:
2070:Whitehaven is on the
2023:Georgian architecture
2017:Whitehaven was, with
2008:
2000:
1963:
1368:
1295:Cumberland (district)
892:
864:
845:(FRS) for this work.
820:
721:
588:In 1642 the manor of
568:
561:Growth and prosperity
542:in the 17th century.
495:Although there was a
4581:Broughton-in-Furness
4153:. Thefestival.org.uk
4035:, Vol 1 No 11 (1978)
3542:10.1179/tns.1972.017
3178:Hay, Daniel (1979).
2319:aircraft hangars at
2174:Crampton locomotives
2084:Whitehaven (Bransty)
2056:the Earl of Lonsdale
2011:Whitehaven Town Hall
1265:Member of Parliament
813:Technical innovation
779:Mining under the sea
617:Whitehaven Town Hall
583:Cumberland Coalfield
451:170 listed buildings
238:Sovereign state
19:For other uses, see
4539:(cities in italics)
4516:Unitary authorities
4246:on 17 December 2007
4139:on 2 November 2013.
4009:Quayle (2006), p.60
3666:"List of Disasters"
3421:The Whitehaven News
2924:Cleator Moor Celtic
2620:digital terrestrial
2552:June 2010 shootings
2342:Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
2238:Albright and Wilson
2228:was produced using
2142:Industrial networks
2112:Newcastle upon Tyne
2102:(WJR) in 1847 from
2072:Cumbrian Coast Line
1935:open hearth process
1624:10 & 11 Eliz. 2
1303:Borough of Copeland
1197:Average rainy days
856:National Coal Board
744:Sir Thomas Chaloner
658:, and records show
603:However, after the
428:Borough of Copeland
379: /
116:Show map of Cumbria
4328:88,195,268,286 etc
3733:. myWhitehaven.net
3423:. 28 February 2006
3134:Wainwright, F. T.
2950:William Wordsworth
2914:Archbishop of York
2899:Manchester Phoenix
2855:(born 1991), actor
2831:(born 1992), actor
2665:, VC (1893β1915),
2656:
2468:
2312:
2139:
2015:
2003:
1983:Queen Elizabeth II
1966:
1943:Irish independence
1371:
1339:Kells and Sandwith
1312:Whitehaven Central
1288:North West England
1263:. As of 2024, its
895:
870:
823:
724:
605:Acts of Union 1707
575:
383:54.5480Β°N 3.5855Β°W
324:UK Parliament
270:Dialling code
4766:
4765:
4613:Grange-over-Sands
4603:Dalton-in-Furness
4566:Barrow-in-Furness
4537:Major settlements
4491:Ceremonial county
4362:978-1-905156-36-8
4305:(Subscription or
3609:Newcastle Courant
3591:. Second Series.
3514:978-1-317-36488-7
3487:978-0-521-23486-3
3395:978-0-19-530173-1
3273:. Second Series.
3244:Newcastle Courant
2774:George Washington
2715:William Brownrigg
2669:recipient of the
2558:Cumbria shootings
2539:BBC Radio Cumbria
2497:Katherine Jenkins
2480:Gerard Richardson
2442:Maritime Festival
2379:Cumberland League
2366:Premier Division.
2080:Barrow-in-Furness
2052:Whitehaven Castle
2031:American Colonies
1888:
1887:
1824:Act of Parliament
1809:
1808:
1745:Act of Parliament
1730:
1729:
1667:Act of Parliament
1652:
1651:
1588:Act of Parliament
1573:
1572:
1527:Act of Parliament
1512:
1511:
1456:Act of Parliament
1441:
1440:
1386:Act of Parliament
1251:
1250:
934:Climate data for
835:William Brownrigg
592:was inherited by
443:American colonies
424:Barrow-in-Furness
398:
397:
4836:
4794:Towns in Cumbria
4748:Lord Lieutenants
4499:
4493:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4460:
4436:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4279:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4218:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4098:Historic England
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4066:
4057:
4047:
4036:
4029:
4023:
4016:
4010:
4007:
3998:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3981:Carlisle Journal
3976:
3970:
3959:
3953:
3942:
3936:
3925:
3916:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3884:"Enlarged Image"
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3607:"Home Affairs".
3603:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3471:
3462:
3455:
3449:
3442:Viscount Simonds
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3268:
3259:
3248:
3247:
3242:"Home Affairs".
3238:
3232:
3218:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3175:
3152:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3074:
3058:
3047:
3041:
3036:New Style; but (
3034:
3028:
3025:
3004:Lowther baronets
2993:
2988:
2987:
2928:Newcastle United
2895:Adam Summerfield
2865:John "Sol" Roper
2682:(born 1987), an
2360:Kells A.R.L.F.C.
2336:Whitehaven is a
2218:tripolyphosphate
2074:which runs from
2027:listed buildings
1939:Great Depression
1931:Bessemer process
1833:
1832:
1819:
1814:
1754:
1753:
1740:
1735:
1676:
1675:
1662:
1657:
1597:
1596:
1583:
1578:
1536:
1535:
1522:
1517:
1465:
1464:
1451:
1446:
1395:
1394:
1381:
1376:
1309:Whitehaven South
1286:, it was in the
1200:
931:
879:mining accidents
873:Extent of mining
668:Copeland Council
571:Sir John Lowther
525:, in about 1120
394:
393:
391:
390:
389:
388:54.5480; -3.5855
384:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:
346:
232:
148:
147:
117:
110:Location within
100:
99:
93:
81:
67:
66:
60:
43:
31:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4804:1947 in England
4799:1910 in England
4769:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4701:
4690:
4628:Kirkby Lonsdale
4538:
4532:
4511:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4421:
4418:
4397:
4395:Further reading
4392:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4296:
4294:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4133:Whitehaven News
4127:
4126:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4076:Whitehaven News
4068:
4067:
4060:
4048:
4039:
4030:
4026:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3926:
3919:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:Vol 8 No2 p.290
3793:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3457:Lord Dewar, in
3456:
3452:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3219:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3177:
3176:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2963:
2910:William Thomson
2807:John Paul Jones
2745:Shepherd Dawson
2739:Stuart Cummings
2652:John Paul Jones
2644:
2580:
2560:
2554:
2524:
2473:Royal Air Force
2444:
2436:Whitehaven News
2423:Whitehaven News
2418:Financial Times
2409:
2394:Whitehaven F.C.
2391:
2346:the second tier
2334:
2329:
2305:
2263:Edward Molyneux
2250:
2186:
2166:
2153:William Chapman
2144:
2128:Furness Railway
2096:
2068:
2060:West Cumberland
1995:
1908:American attack
1838:
1830:
1817:
1812:
1759:
1751:
1738:
1733:
1681:
1673:
1660:
1655:
1602:
1594:
1581:
1576:
1541:
1533:
1520:
1515:
1493:(Ruffhead c. 3)
1492:
1470:
1462:
1449:
1444:
1422:(Ruffhead c. 5)
1421:
1400:
1392:
1379:
1374:
1363:
1269:Josh MacAlister
1257:
1252:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
928:
911:
887:
875:
851:
815:
786:Newcomen engine
781:
760:
735:
716:
675:John Paul Jones
563:
551:chapels-of-ease
493:
387:
385:
381:
378:
373:
370:
368:
366:
365:
364:
344:
336:
228:
218:
200:
182:
164:
143:
142:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
108:
107:
106:
105:
101:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:
72:
68:
46:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4842:
4840:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4728:Country Houses
4725:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4633:Kirkby Stephen
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4508:Cumbria Portal
4505:
4502:
4501:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4417:
4416:External links
4414:
4413:
4412:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4368:
4361:
4343:
4336:
4312:
4266:
4257:
4231:
4226:culture.gov.uk
4210:
4196:
4178:
4164:
4142:
4120:
4089:
4058:
4037:
4024:
4020:Early Railways
4011:
3999:
3995:Early Railways
3986:
3971:
3954:
3937:
3917:
3913:0-14-02-1401-1
3900:
3875:
3853:
3831:
3820:. myWhitehaven
3818:"myWhitehaven"
3809:
3800:
3784:
3766:
3744:
3731:"myWhitehaven"
3722:
3708:
3682:
3657:
3636:
3614:
3598:
3572:
3547:
3520:
3513:
3493:
3486:
3463:
3450:
3434:
3408:
3394:
3364:
3355:
3328:
3306:
3297:
3288:
3249:
3233:
3204:
3195:
3188:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3115:
3094:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3042:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2991:Cumbria portal
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2932:Crystal Palace
2917:
2907:
2904:Jonathan Swift
2901:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2804:
2801:Milton Huddart
2798:
2792:
2786:
2784:Crystal Palace
2780:Dean Henderson
2777:
2767:
2757:
2754:Malcolm Eccles
2751:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2691:
2686:international
2677:
2671:Victoria Cross
2643:
2642:Notable people
2640:
2596:the switchover
2588:Margaret Hodge
2584:Shaun Woodward
2579:
2576:
2556:Main article:
2553:
2550:
2523:
2520:
2443:
2440:
2408:
2405:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2304:
2301:
2271:Christian Dior
2269:in London and
2249:
2248:Sekers Fabrics
2246:
2226:sulphuric acid
2214:fatty alcohols
2194:German bombing
2185:
2182:
2165:
2162:
2158:roped inclines
2149:Steam Elephant
2143:
2140:
2095:
2092:
2067:
2064:
1994:
1991:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1351:Parish Council
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
940:
939:
929:
927:
924:
920:European Union
916:National Trust
910:
907:
886:
883:
874:
871:
850:
847:
814:
811:
806:winding engine
780:
777:
772:St Bees School
759:
756:
734:
731:
715:
712:
646:, cotton from
562:
559:
540:Lowther family
527:St Bees Priory
492:
489:
439:Lowther family
396:
395:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
345:List of places
341:
338:
337:
335:
334:
328:
326:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
304:
303:
298:
292:
291:
286:
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
260:
254:
253:
250:
244:
243:
242:United Kingdom
240:
234:
233:
226:
220:
219:
217:
216:
210:
208:
202:
201:
199:
198:
192:
190:
184:
183:
181:
180:
174:
172:
166:
165:
163:
162:
158:
156:
150:
149:
140:
134:
133:
127:
123:
122:
109:
103:
102:
95:
94:
88:
87:
86:
85:
76:
70:
69:
62:
61:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4841:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:High Sheriffs
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4484:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4410:0-904131-21-1
4407:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4379:. Kozloduy.bg
4378:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4245:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3982:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3967:1-85260-508-1
3964:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3780:
3779:Whitehaven TC
3776:
3770:
3767:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3624:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3573:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3397:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3276:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3230:0-9500779-5-X
3227:
3223:
3220:Oliver Wood,
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3189:0-904131-21-1
3185:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3123:ISGAP.org.uk
3119:
3116:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2954:Poet Laureate
2952:(1770β1850),
2951:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2920:Charlie Woods
2918:
2915:
2912:(1819β1890),
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:Jackie Sewell
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:Robert Salmon
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2829:Brad Kavanagh
2827:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:American Navy
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:Brian Higgins
2787:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2766:racing driver
2765:
2762:(born 2004),
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:Abraham Acton
2661:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:on 104.1 FM,
2540:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:Pierre Cardin
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1993:Town planning
1992:
1990:
1988:
1987:Prince Philip
1984:
1980:
1976:
1975:The Rum Story
1972:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:Drivers Jonas
1951:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1648:
1644:
1641:18 April 1962
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1491:10 Ann. c. 17
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1437:23 March 1709
1436:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
985:
941:
937:
932:
925:
923:
921:
917:
908:
906:
904:
900:
891:
884:
882:
880:
872:
867:
863:
859:
857:
848:
846:
844:
840:
839:Royal Society
836:
832:
828:
819:
812:
810:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
778:
776:
773:
768:
764:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
732:
730:
728:
720:
713:
711:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
639:
636:
632:
626:
624:
620:
618:
614:
613:Tobacco Lords
610:
606:
601:
597:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
491:Early history
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:, Woodhouse,
470:
466:
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
408:National Park
406:
405:Lake District
402:
392:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
343:
342:
339:
333:
330:
329:
327:
325:
317:
314:
311:
309:
302:
299:
297:
290:
287:
285:
273:
271:
264:
261:
259:
251:
249:
241:
239:
231:
227:
225:
215:
212:
211:
209:
207:
197:
194:
193:
191:
189:
179:
176:
175:
173:
171:
160:
159:
157:
155:
151:
146:
141:
139:
132:
128:
124:
113:
92:
59:
49:
42:
32:
26:
22:
4694:
4691:
4672:
4593:Cleator Moor
4585:
4506:
4426:
4401:
4381:. Retrieved
4371:
4352:
4346:
4322:
4315:
4295:. Retrieved
4281:
4269:
4260:
4248:. Retrieved
4244:the original
4234:
4225:
4199:
4190:
4181:
4167:
4155:. Retrieved
4145:
4137:the original
4132:
4123:
4111:. Retrieved
4105:
4092:
4080:. Retrieved
4074:
4032:
4027:
4019:
4014:
3994:
3989:
3980:
3974:
3957:
3940:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3887:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3856:
3844:. Retrieved
3834:
3822:. Retrieved
3812:
3803:
3795:
3778:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3755:. Met Office
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3725:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3696:The Guardian
3695:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3617:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3588:
3575:
3563:. Retrieved
3559:
3550:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3503:
3496:
3476:
3453:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3420:
3411:
3399:. Retrieved
3377:
3374:"Whitehaven"
3367:
3358:
3347:Daniel Defoe
3339:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3309:
3300:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3274:
3270:
3243:
3236:
3221:
3198:
3179:
3148:
3143:
3135:
3130:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3097:
3085:. Retrieved
3081:
3072:
3055:Virgin Media
3045:
3032:
3023:
2940:Bobby Robson
2936:Ipswich Town
2916:in 1862β1890
2847:Jane Pearson
2814:
2795:Dick Huddart
2770:Mildred Gale
2727:Jordan Clark
2721:Scott Carson
2688:rugby league
2667:British Army
2657:
2654:raid in 1778
2612:
2581:
2561:
2547:
2536:
2525:
2501:
2477:
2469:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2402:
2392:
2389:Other sports
2371:Rugby league
2362:play in the
2354:
2338:rugby league
2335:
2332:Rugby League
2317:
2313:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2267:Bianca Mosca
2251:
2235:
2210:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2145:
2097:
2069:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2016:
1967:
1947:
1916:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1889:
1877:19 July 2007
1873:Royal assent
1794:Royal assent
1719:23 July 1970
1715:Royal assent
1637:Royal assent
1569:20 July 1937
1565:Royal assent
1508:3 March 1712
1504:Royal assent
1481:Cumberland."
1433:Royal assent
1354:
1348:
1327:
1292:
1281:
1273:Labour Party
1258:
938:(1991β2020)
936:St Bees Head
912:
896:
876:
852:
824:
802:
794:Engine No. 5
793:
782:
765:
761:
736:
733:Early mining
726:
725:
701:
693:
687:
683:
672:
641:
628:
623:Daniel Defoe
621:
602:
598:
587:
576:
544:
520:
505:
494:
459:
436:
400:
399:
154:Civil parish
130:
129:23,986
25:
4598:Cockermouth
4400:Daniel Hay
4175:. May 2004.
3536:: 237β268.
2961:Twin cities
2883:Miki Sekers
2835:Jack Lawson
2817:. He led a
2760:Jonny Edgar
2703:John Benson
2675:World War I
2522:Local media
2407:"Jam eater"
2258:Miki Sekers
2190:Frank Schon
2168:The nearby
2164:Engineering
2009:The former
1979:Tate Modern
1971:crow's nest
1798:2 July 1981
1420:7 Ann. c. 9
1361:The harbour
827:methane gas
798:John Calley
739:coal mining
714:Coal mining
660:slave ships
386: /
4779:Whitehaven
4773:Categories
4688:Workington
4683:Windermere
4673:Whitehaven
4523:Cumberland
4439:Whitehaven
4337:0340823461
4309:required.)
4297:1 February
4055:0752435728
3950:0140214011
3933:0750924896
3675:18 October
3670:HealeyHero
3650:9 December
3595:: 127β144.
3108:25 January
3087:7 November
3065:References
2841:Guy Lovell
2733:Craig Cook
2690:footballer
2622:receiver (
2592:pilot site
2572:Frizington
2532:ITV Border
2504:Razorlight
2488:Status Quo
2456:Sea Cadets
2452:Red Arrows
2413:Workington
2323:Airfield.
2289:, London.
2254:John Adams
2222:Casablanca
2206:Sellafield
2120:Ravenglass
1844:Long title
1770:therewith.
1765:Long title
1687:Long title
1608:Long title
1476:Long title
1406:Long title
1255:Governance
1246:Met Office
790:horse gins
690:legal case
635:Sunderland
532:Henry VIII
477:Hensingham
462:Sellafield
412:Cumberland
401:Whitehaven
371:54Β°32β²53β³N
313:North West
252:WHITEHAVEN
214:North West
178:Cumberland
161:Whitehaven
126:Population
104:Whitehaven
71:Whitehaven
34:Whitehaven
4692:See also:
4668:Ulverston
4551:Ambleside
4431:is being
3952:pp151-152
3277:: 151β198
2764:Formula 3
2694:John Beck
2680:Kyle Amor
2604:Ferryside
2230:anhydrite
2151:built by
2124:Carnforth
2088:Corkickle
2042:transomed
1927:haematite
1923:Liverpool
1849:purposes.
1613:purposes.
1554:. c. xcvi
1345:Mirehouse
1324:Sneckyeat
1318:Hillcrest
831:Davy Lamp
752:bell pits
727:James Pit
631:Newcastle
485:A595 road
469:Mirehouse
374:3Β°35β²08β³W
308:Ambulance
248:Post town
4658:Sedbergh
4643:Maryport
4638:Longtown
4608:Egremont
4587:Carlisle
4576:Brampton
4561:Aspatria
4424:template
3915:, pp.154
3888:BBC News
3353:website)
3338:, from
3281:14 March
3051:Freeview
2977:See also
2971:Bulgaria
2967:Kozloduy
2698:It Bites
2624:Freeview
2568:Lamplugh
2432:Maryport
2344:play in
2279:Givenchy
2156:had two
2108:Carlisle
2104:Maryport
2076:Carlisle
2066:Railways
2019:Falmouth
1855:Citation
1776:Citation
1697:Citation
1619:Citation
1547:Citation
1487:Citation
1416:Citation
1321:Corkicle
1267:(MP) is
1244:Source:
1199:(β₯ 1 mm)
1192:(43.68)
903:new mine
866:Haig Pit
688:An 1888
652:St Lucia
644:Barbados
590:St. Bees
512:Copeland
499:fort at
483:and the
447:Georgian
420:Carlisle
145:NX974181
4758:Museums
4743:History
4663:Silloth
4653:Penrith
4623:Keswick
4497:Cumbria
4113:5 March
4082:30 July
3701:17 July
3629:7 April
3565:5 April
2944:England
2821:in the
2684:Ireland
2636:Eskdale
2628:Freesat
2615:BBC Two
2508:Madness
2484:Queen's
2348:of the
2321:Silloth
1950:Marchon
1919:Bristol
1895:St Bees
1626:. c. ix
1336:Bransty
1301:in the
1282:Before
1271:of the
1190:1,109.4
1187:(4.49)
1182:(4.88)
1177:(5.21)
1172:(3.86)
1167:(3.93)
1162:(3.34)
1157:(2.95)
1152:(2.58)
1147:(2.37)
1142:(3.02)
1137:(3.19)
1132:(3.87)
1122:(44.4)
1117:(37.6)
1112:(41.5)
1107:(46.4)
1102:(51.3)
1097:(54.3)
1092:(54.0)
1087:(50.4)
1082:(45.5)
1077:(41.2)
1072:(37.9)
1067:(36.3)
1062:(36.5)
1052:(53.2)
1047:(44.8)
1042:(48.9)
1037:(54.9)
1032:(60.4)
1027:(63.7)
1022:(63.9)
1017:(61.0)
1012:(57.0)
1007:(51.3)
1002:(46.8)
997:(43.7)
992:(43.3)
926:Climate
648:Antigua
609:Glasgow
555:St Bees
547:St Bees
523:Normans
508:Vikings
465:nuclear
416:Cumbria
360:Cumbria
355:England
301:Cumbria
289:Cumbria
230:England
224:Country
196:Cumbria
112:Cumbria
4718:Places
4706:Topics
4678:Wigton
4648:Millom
4618:Kendal
4546:Alston
4443:Curlie
4437:
4428:Curlie
4408:
4383:31 May
4359:
4334:
4303:
4187:"Home"
4053:
3965:
3948:
3931:
3911:
3775:"Home"
3759:7 July
3511:
3484:
3427:3 July
3401:3 July
3392:
3321:19 May
3228:
3186:
2815:Ranger
2608:Bolton
2493:N-Dubz
2242:Rhodia
1783:c. xvi
1704:c. lii
1284:Brexit
1239:162.0
943:Month
664:Africa
638:trade.
501:Parton
432:census
284:Police
206:Region
131:(2011)
4723:SSSIs
4422:βΉThe
4250:9 May
4157:9 May
3893:9 May
3868:9 May
3846:9 May
3824:9 May
3737:9 May
3625:. BBC
3585:(PDF)
3267:(PDF)
3015:Notes
2327:Sport
2202:Drigg
2198:Kells
2178:Lowca
1867:Dates
1788:Dates
1709:Dates
1631:Dates
1559:Dates
1498:Dates
1427:Dates
1315:Kells
1299:wards
1236:16.2
1233:16.8
1230:15.5
1227:13.2
1224:13.3
1221:12.5
1218:10.9
1215:10.7
1212:11.1
1209:13.1
1206:13.3
1203:15.4
1185:114.0
1180:123.9
1175:132.3
982:Year
748:adits
497:Roman
473:Kells
274:01946
4406:ISBN
4385:2013
4357:ISBN
4332:ISBN
4299:2023
4252:2012
4159:2012
4115:2019
4084:2014
4051:ISBN
3963:ISBN
3946:ISBN
3935:p130
3929:ISBN
3909:ISBN
3895:2012
3870:2012
3848:2012
3826:2012
3761:2024
3739:2012
3703:2018
3677:2010
3652:2008
3631:2013
3567:2017
3509:ISBN
3482:ISBN
3429:2020
3403:2020
3390:ISBN
3323:2021
3283:2017
3226:ISBN
3184:ISBN
3110:2016
3089:2021
2934:and
2748:FRSE
2606:and
2594:for
2530:and
2495:and
2277:and
2265:and
2204:and
2110:and
2086:and
1921:and
1862:c. i
1860:2007
1781:1981
1702:1970
1170:98.0
1165:99.8
1160:84.9
1155:74.9
1150:65.6
1145:60.1
1140:76.6
1135:81.1
1130:98.2
1100:10.7
1095:12.4
1090:12.2
1085:10.2
1050:11.8
1035:12.7
1030:15.8
1025:17.6
1020:17.7
1015:16.1
1010:13.9
1005:10.7
979:Dec
976:Nov
973:Oct
970:Sep
967:Aug
964:Jul
961:Jun
958:May
955:Apr
952:Mar
949:Feb
946:Jan
750:and
708:jury
633:and
475:and
296:Fire
263:CA28
4494:of
4441:at
4288:doi
3538:doi
3382:doi
3345:by
2673:in
2632:Sky
2598:to
2294:MBE
2078:to
1120:6.9
1115:3.1
1110:5.3
1105:8.0
1080:7.5
1075:5.1
1070:3.3
1065:2.4
1060:2.5
1045:7.1
1040:9.4
1000:8.2
995:6.5
990:6.3
703:sic
553:of
534:'s
410:in
4775::
4435:.βΊ
4330:.
4280:.
4224:.
4213:^
4189:.
4131:.
4104:.
4100:.
4073:.
4061:^
4040:^
4002:^
3920:^
3886:.
3787:^
3777:.
3694:.
3668:.
3593:91
3587:.
3558:.
3534:45
3532:.
3466:^
3419:.
3388:.
3380:.
3376:.
3275:71
3269:.
3252:^
3207:^
3156:^
3080:.
2969:,
2930:,
2926:,
2630:,
2610:.
2400:.
2374:3.
2273:,
1914:.
1357:.
1353:,
1332::
1305::
1279:.
858:.
692:,
487:.
434:.
414:,
350:UK
4482:e
4475:t
4468:v
4387:.
4365:.
4340:.
4301:.
4290::
4254:.
4207:.
4193:.
4161:.
4117:.
4086:.
3969:.
3897:.
3872:.
3850:.
3828:.
3781:.
3763:.
3741:.
3705:.
3679:.
3654:.
3633:.
3569:.
3544:.
3540::
3517:.
3490:.
3431:.
3405:.
3384::
3325:.
3285:.
3192:.
3112:.
3091:.
3057:.
2946:.
2825:.
2381:.
573:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
