240:) for the duration of time spent serving as a juror (also known as court duty or court leave by some organizations). Many quasi-governmental organizations have adopted this provision into their contract manuals. Accordingly, government employees are in a paid status as long as they have received a summons in connection with a judicial proceeding, by a court or authority responsible for the conduct of that proceeding to serve as a juror (or witness) in the District of Columbia or a state, territory, or possession of the United States,
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229:. Employers are not allowed to fire an employee for being called to jury duty, but they are typically not required to pay salaries during this time. Jury duty reimbursement is as little as $ 5 per day, although a juror can plead to be excused for financial hardship. An individual who reports to jury duty may be asked to serve as a juror in a trial or as an alternate juror, or they may be dismissed.
97:
113:, and the jury is separate from the court. Generally the point of the jury is to determine whether the prosecution has proven the defendant to be guilty. The jury generally does not choose the penalty. This model is used in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and many former British colonies, as well as Austria and Spain.
85:(i.e., in private). In the United States, there have also been objections to requiring jurors to publicly give private information about themselves, such as medical conditions or whether they have used illegal drugs, even though this personal information might be relevant, for example, in a case about
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When a person is called for jury duty in the United States, that service is mandatory, and the person summoned for jury duty must attend. Failing to report for jury duty can result in a wide range of penalties, from simply being placed back into the selection pool to immediate criminal prosecution
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A mixed tribunal is one in which the case is tried collaboratively by a combination of trained judges and lay jurors. The judges and the jurors are officially considered equal but have distinct roles. The judges and jurors tend, in most cases, to agree with each other, though in a few cases, they
198:, there is about a 35% chance of people in England and Wales being summoned for jury service over the course of their lifetime. In Scotland, the percentage is much higher due to having a lower population as well having juries made up of 15 people (as opposed to 12 people in England and Wales).
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In France, judges and lay jurors similarly work together, but the number of lay people involved is much larger, ranging from 9 to 12 jurors plus a panel of three professional judges. French jurors are selected at random and work with the judges only during the final deliberations.
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model, a trained judge and two lay judges collaborate to determine whether a defendant is guilty. The jurors are considered part of the court, and work with the judge throughout a trial. The jurors are allowed to ask questions of the prosecution and defense during the trial.
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Jurors receive a small payment for each day of attendance. Employers are also required to pay their employees "make-up pay", that is, the usual pay the employee would have earned from working, less the jury duty payment received from the state. Under the
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Since 2012, some US citizens have been targets of a "jury scam", wherein they are called by persons posing as officers from a court, claiming that the person did not show up for jury duty and that charges will be pressed. Potential victims of
269:, which prohibits "slavery involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime," does not prohibit "enforcement of those duties which individuals owe to the state, such as services in the army, militia, on the jury, etc."
384:
In some systems, minor cases are decided by an individual who does not have legal training. This can be considered a form of jury service in the sense that the verdict is decided by a citizen with no legal training.
41:. Variations include the kinds of cases tried before a jury, how many jurors hear a trial, and whether the lay person is involved in a single trial or holds a paid job similar to a judge, but without legal training.
137:, make-up pay is required only for the first ten days of jury service; however, the laws of Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia extend the make-up pay requirement for the entire duration of the jury service.
146:
266:
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Russia used a mixed tribunal system until 1993, and then converted to an adversarial model that requires juries to answer specific questions about facts, rather than producing a
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In both the United States and Canada, jurors having conscientious objection to service are generally excused from service. This chiefly includes religious groups such as the
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can dismiss potential jurors for various reasons, which can vary from one state to another, and they can have a specific number of arbitrary dismissals, or unconditional
601:
109:
The
English model of a jury draws jurors from among the citizens. This approach is based on the traditions of English common law. This approach uses an
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take different perspectives. Compared to the
English model, mixed tribunals are more likely to result in agreement between the judge and the jury.
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655:
145:
The jury system in New South Wales is administered by the Jury
Services Branch of the Office of the Sheriff of New South Wales, an office in the
59:, potential jurors are generally summoned for duty, and then interviewed for their suitability to serve on the jury for a particular trial. The
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In a third model of collaborative juries, the court includes jurors with relevant expertise in certain trials. For example, in
Croatia,
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During the juror selection process, both parties can object to up to three potential jurors without providing reasons.
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in their communications with prospective jurors, and any calls that are made will never ask for personal information.
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157:. These laws detail persons who are disqualified, ineligible, or may be excused from jury service. In addition, the
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The Office of the
Sheriff of NSW disseminates resources for jurors. Jurors may be compensated for their service.
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recommends that recipients of these calls contact the court directly to avoid falling victim to this scam.
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306:, these individuals are then told that the matter can be resolved if personal information is given. The
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Some courts had been sympathetic to jurors' privacy concerns and refer to jurors by number, and conduct
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727:"The judge who sentenced a man to 10 days in jail for oversleeping jury duty clears his record"
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In the United States, government employees are in a paid status of leave (in accordance with
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cases are required to have jurors with experience in juvenile education, such as teachers.
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71:, which does not require specific reasons. The judge can also dismiss potential jurors.
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details other persons who can or may not serve as jurors or otherwise claim exemption.
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50:
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456:"Making the Case for Juror Privacy: A New Framework for Court Policies and Procedures"
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in certain lower courts the verdict is decided by two elected lay people known as
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Discussion Paper 12 (1985) – Criminal
Procedure: The Jury in a Criminal Trial
752:"Young Thug trial: Essay-writing punishment for woman who skipped jury duty"
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Individuals who are blind and/or deaf may be excluded from jury service.
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in a legal proceeding. Different countries have different approaches to
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777:"Rough economy makes filling N.J. juries more difficult, experts say"
38:
273:
95:
34:
692:"Frequently Asked Questions About Juror Service in New Jersey"
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New South Wales
Department of Attorney General and Justice
802:"Title 5: Government Organization and Employees — Justia"
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Report 117 (2007) – Jury selection: 7. "Excuse for cause"
686:
684:
682:
673:"What is the chance of being called for jury service?"
8:
823:
821:
599:"Participating in Political and Public Life"
161:and section 7, "Excuse for cause", of LRC
16:Service as a juror in a legal proceeding
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212:Jury nullification in the United States
246:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
149:, and operates in accordance with the
624:— Law Reform Commission — Lawlink NSW
588:— Law Reform Commission — Lawlink NSW
576:— Law Reform Commission — Lawlink NSW
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370:along with the professional judge.
208:Jury selection in the United States
194:According to 2016 figures from the
586:Report 117 (2007) – Jury selection
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699:New Jersey Judiciary Court System
855:
662:— CaTS Corporate New South Wales
643:— CaTS Corporate New South Wales
442:Cornell Law Faculty Publications
550:— ComLaw, Australian Government
438:"Jury Systems Around the World"
125:are randomly selected from an
1:
860:The dictionary definition of
499:Nedim, Ugur (4 August 2014).
135:National Employment Standards
105:Juries based on English model
318:United States Postal Service
701:. June 2017. Archived from
184:Juries in England and Wales
911:
501:"What Does Jury Duty Pay?"
458:, State Justice Institute.
377:
205:
187:
181:
48:
21:Jury duty (disambiguation)
18:
355:of guilty or not guilty.
190:Trial by jury in Scotland
653:Payment for jury service
528:. Legislation.nsw.gov.au
454:Hannaford P. L. (2001.)
308:US Department of Justice
610:Alternative Law Journal
561:Jury Exemption Act 1965
547:Jury Exemption Act 1965
505:Sydney Criminal Lawyers
278:Conservative Mennonites
159:Jury Exemption Act 1965
155:Jury Amendment Act 2010
45:Juror selection process
101:
675:. BBC. 17 March 2017.
479:Australian Government
188:Further information:
182:Further information:
99:
597:McCallum R. (2011.)
293:in the United States
282:Old Order Mennonites
267:Thirteenth Amendment
121:Potential jurors in
69:peremptory challenge
19:For other uses, see
474:Fair Work Ombudsman
216:Taylor v. Louisiana
196:Ministry of Justice
100:A jury duty summons
87:medical malpractice
885:Criminal procedure
658:2014-06-23 at the
639:2014-05-30 at the
604:2017-06-24 at the
111:adversarial system
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33:is a service as a
526:"NSW Legislation"
265:(1916), that the
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163:Report 117 (2007)
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332:In the German
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324:Mixed tribunal
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304:identity fraud
300:identity theft
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880:Judiciaries
783:. July 2011
781:Star Ledger
469:"Jury duty"
368:side judges
242:Puerto Rico
238:§ 6322
225:issued for
874:Categories
838:2012-02-14
811:2012-02-14
787:2019-10-06
762:2023-01-16
737:2019-10-10
712:2017-09-07
532:2012-02-14
389:References
374:Lay judges
206:See also:
61:prosecutor
863:jury duty
380:Lay judge
290:Jury scam
244:, or the
123:Australia
117:Australia
82:in camera
77:voir dire
27:Jury duty
656:Archived
637:Archived
602:Archived
334:Schöffen
362:in the
360:Vermont
353:verdict
65:defense
55:In the
890:Juries
444:. 305.
280:, and
236:
214:, and
39:juries
706:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
564:(Cth)
274:Amish
35:juror
512:2017
486:2017
251:The
153:and
63:and
756:BBC
731:CNN
302:or
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