764:(OA) with a subcutaneous injection. The 3 mg/kg dose was the most effective. In a study conducted with 10 elderly dogs with osteoarthritis given calcium pentosan polysulfate (3 mg/kg intramuscularly) once weekly for four weeks, the improvement in symptoms (seen at 1, 2, 3 and 7 weeks after initiation of therapy) was found to correlate with plasma indices of fibrinolytic activity and lipid profiles. In a study in dogs with OA secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, although no differences were identified in either functional outcome or radiographic progression using the oral calcium pentosan polysulfate compared with placebo, there were significantly lower levels of
436:
31:
2292:
1603:
509:
705:
Various brand names include
Elmiron (as sodium salt), Hemoclar, Anarthron, Fibrase, Fibrocid, Thrombocid and SP54. Pentosan polysulfate capsules are sold in India under the brand names Comfora, Pentossan-100, Cystopen and For-IC. In the veterinary field, pentosan polysulfate is sold as Cartrophen Vet
802:
Pentosan polysulfate is being used for this osteoarthritis in
Australia. When administered to racing thoroughbreds with chronic osteoarthritis (2 to 3 mg/kg, intramuscularly, once weekly for 4 weeks, then as required), pentosan polysulfate treatment improved but did not eliminate clinical signs
641:
have also been reported. Due to
Elmiron's anticoagulant effects, some patients report bruising more easily. In some cases, patients are asked to stop taking the medication before any major surgical procedures to reduce the likelihood of bleeding. Recent report based on clinical observation
799:(FDA) approved pentosan polysulfate (Zycosan) for the control of clinical signs associated with osteoarthritis in horses. Zycosan is for intramuscular use in horses only and is not for use in humans. Zycosan is sponsored by Anzac Animal Health LLC, based in Maryland Heights, Missouri.
1537:
Budsberg SC, Bergh MS, Reynolds LR, Streppa HK (April 2007). "Evaluation of pentosan polysulfate sodium in the postoperative recovery from cranial cruciate injury in dogs: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial".
739:
without affecting the normal cellular isoform. As pentosan polysulfate can bind to the cellular isoform of the prion protein, it may stabilise this form and prevent its conversion to the pathological (scrapie) isoform.
551:
InChI=1S/C10H18O21S4/c11-3-1-26-10(8(31-35(22,23)24)5(3)28-32(13,14)15)27-4-2-25-9(12)7(30-34(19,20)21)6(4)29-33(16,17)18/h3-12H,1-2H2,(H,13,14,15)(H,16,17,18)(H,19,20,21)(H,22,23,24)/t3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,10+/m1/s1
1260:"Comparison of the anti-prion mechanism of four different anti-prion compounds, anti-PrP monoclonal antibody 44B1, pentosan polysulfate, chlorpromazine, and U18666A, in prion-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells"
735:(CJD). The rationale for this treatment was unclear but it was subsequently shown in prion-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells that pentosan polysulfate could rapidly reduce the levels of abnormal (scrapie)
1493:
Innes JF, Barr AR, Sharif M (April 2000). "Efficacy of oral calcium pentosan polysulphate for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint secondary to cranial cruciate ligament deficiency".
2060:
803:
of joint disease. Articular cartilage fibrillation was substantially reduced by similar NaPPS treatment intramuscularly in nine horses with experimentally-induced carpal osteoarthritis.
127:
2312:
2053:
2046:
61:
523:
1139:
Hannon RL, Smith JG, Cullis-Hill D, Ghosh P, Cawdery MJ (May 2003). "Safety of
Cartrophen Vet in the dog: review of adverse reaction reports in the UK".
760:
Read et al. (1996) used three different doses of sodium pentosan polysulfate to treat 40 geriatric dogs with well-established clinical signs of chronic
1694:
1366:
Whittle IR, Knight RS, Will RG (June 2006). "Unsuccessful intraventricular pentosan polysulphate treatment of variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease".
1580:
2317:
702:
including BAY-946, HOE-946, pentosan sulfuric polyester, polypentose sulfate, polysulfated xylan, PZ-68, SP-54, xylan SP54 and xylan sulfate.
1637:"Evaluation of intramuscularly administered sodium pentosan polysulfate for treatment of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in horses"
1223:
Ghosh P (February 1999). "The pathobiology of osteoarthritis and the rationale for the use of pentosan polysulfate for its treatment".
2322:
543:
772:
of the osteoarthritic joints. The efficacy of subcutaneous sodium pentosan polysulfate (3 mg/kg) was tested in 40 dogs with
829:
98:
197:
79:
1319:"Characterizing antiprion compounds based on their binding properties to prion proteins: implications as medical chaperones"
732:
1423:
Read RA, Cullis-Hill D, Jones MP (March 1996). "Systemic use of pentosan polysulphate in the treatment of osteoarthritis".
788:
Zycosan, for horses, is a heparin-like compound and is the first injectable pentosan product to receive approval by the US
1687:
1586:
796:
789:
706:
and Sylvet by
Biopharm Australia, Pentosan by Naturevet Australia, Anarthron by Randlab Australia and Zydax by Parnell.
338:
678:
The calcium salt of pentosan polysulfate was one of the first reported disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOAD).
415:
654:
In interstitial cystitis, pentosan polysulfate is believed to work by providing a protective coating to the damaged
2282:
614:
907:
723:, though evidence to support such use is poor as of 2003. There is some theoretical evidence that it should help.
1926:
773:
1680:
1911:
120:
109:
2219:
1766:
404:
396:
2113:
777:
590:
957:
Parsons CL (February 1994). "The therapeutic role of sulfated polysaccharides in the urinary bladder".
2214:
1921:
1271:
431:
2244:
1038:
Hanif AM, Armenti ST, Taylor SC, Shah RA, Igelman AD, Jayasundera KT, et al. (November 2019).
245:
2239:
2132:
1949:
1519:
1391:
1020:
889:
1040:"Phenotypic Spectrum of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium-Associated Maculopathy: A Multicenter Study"
613:
Patients who have taken pentosan polysulfate orally report a variety of side effects, primarily
2038:
2259:
2187:
2090:
1658:
1555:
1511:
1475:
1440:
1383:
1348:
1299:
1240:
1205:
1156:
1069:
1012:
974:
881:
659:
212:
43:
2095:
1782:
1648:
1547:
1503:
1467:
1432:
1375:
1338:
1330:
1289:
1279:
1232:
1195:
1187:
1148:
1059:
1051:
1004:
966:
871:
452:
262:
222:
355:
347:
327:
254:
2296:
2254:
2127:
1751:
180:
170:
160:
435:
1275:
932:
2105:
1883:
1727:
1703:
1436:
1343:
1318:
1294:
1259:
1200:
1175:
1152:
1064:
1039:
769:
761:
744:
720:
1236:
970:
876:
859:
2306:
2108:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1607:
1551:
1055:
893:
22:
1523:
1395:
1024:
605:
for the relief of bladder pain or discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis.
30:
2147:
2137:
2073:
1853:
1771:
1741:
1707:
765:
175:
165:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
1113:
1087:
287:
56:
PPS, (1->4)-β-Xylan 2,3-bis(hydrogen sulfate) with a 4 O-methyl-α-D-glucuronate
1284:
2264:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2152:
2122:
2018:
1985:
1916:
1839:
1806:
1409:
71:
776:
instability and found to hasten recovery, as measured by more rapidly improved
2234:
2177:
2162:
2157:
2023:
1995:
1878:
1868:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1796:
1716:
1379:
1317:
Kamatari YO, Hayano Y, Yamaguchi K, Hosokawa-Muto J, Kuwata K (January 2013).
1008:
667:
586:
485:
318:
1458:
Ghosh P, Cheras PA (December 2001). "Vascular mechanisms in osteoarthritis".
995:
Ghosh P, Smith M (2002). "Osteoarthritis, genetic and molecular mechanisms".
747:
and around six other patients in mainland
Britain was reported in the press.
2269:
2142:
2082:
2000:
1971:
1791:
695:
name for pentosan polysulfate is oxy-3-sulfooxyoxan-4-yl] hydrogen sulfate.
622:
602:
230:
65:
1662:
1559:
1515:
1479:
1471:
1387:
1352:
1303:
1244:
1209:
1191:
1160:
1073:
1016:
885:
1653:
1636:
1507:
1444:
978:
2229:
2192:
1811:
1736:
638:
630:
626:
618:
298:
116:
93:
1672:
307:
2069:
1990:
1888:
1864:
699:
663:
655:
273:
1931:
1581:"FDA Approves First Injectable Pentosan for Osteoarthritis in Horses"
1334:
643:
642:
hypothesizes that chronic exposure to pentosan polysulfate can cause
387:
376:
1980:
736:
731:
Pentosan polysulfate is being studied as a potential treatment of
692:
658:
wall. Pentosan polysulfate is similar in structure to the natural
508:
499:
1606:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2209:
634:
593:. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.
366:
2042:
1676:
531:
O1CO(O2CO(O)(OS(O)(=O)=O)2OS(O)(=O)=O)(OS(O)(=O)=O)1OS(O)(=O)=O
206:
88:
830:"Elmiron- pentosan polysulfate sodium capsule, gelatin coated"
1620:
Little CB, Ghosh P (1996). McIlwraith CW, Trotter GW (eds.).
420:
698:
There are 40 synonyms listed for pentosan polysulfate on
917:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 25 September 1996.
568:
1624:. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. pp. 281–292.
2280:
666:, and may replace or repair the lining, reducing its
2201:
2104:
2081:
2009:
1969:
1962:
1940:
1902:
1862:
1852:
1830:
1780:
1725:
1715:
1460:
Best
Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
1258:Yamasaki T, Suzuki A, Hasebe R, Horiuchi M (2014).
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
497:
484:
451:
446:
414:
386:
365:
337:
317:
297:
272:
244:
239:
229:
221:
196:
191:
126:
108:
78:
60:
52:
42:
37:
646:toxicity, mimicking pigmentary pattern dystrophy.
1635:McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE (May 2012).
1174:Uthman I, Raynauld JP, Haraoui B (August 2003).
286:
261:
253:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
990:
988:
926:
924:
853:
851:
719:Pentosan polysulfate has been studied in knee
2054:
1688:
952:
950:
8:
97:
21:
1176:"Intra-articular therapy in osteoarthritis"
179:
169:
159:
2313:Drugs acting on the musculoskeletal system
2061:
2047:
2039:
1966:
1859:
1722:
1695:
1681:
1673:
1412:. 1 March 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
858:Lindeke-Myers A, Hanif AM, Jain N (2022).
434:
326:
1652:
1342:
1293:
1283:
1199:
1063:
875:
727:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
354:
346:
2287:
1641:American Journal of Veterinary Research
908:"Elmiron (pentosan polysulfate sodium)"
812:
548:
528:
430:
306:
20:
1904:sclerosing agents for local injection
959:The Urologic Clinics of North America
403:
395:
70:
7:
1425:The Journal of Small Animal Practice
1225:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
1141:The Journal of Small Animal Practice
149:
139:
1410:"Research will now assess CJD drug"
1120:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
1094:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
935:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
662:coating of the inner lining of the
375:
277:
1437:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02355.x
1153:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00144.x
860:"Pentosan polysulfate maculopathy"
14:
877:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.05.005
2290:
1601:
1552:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2007.00256.x
1056:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3392
463:
29:
745:one patient in Northern Ireland
601:Pentosan polysulfate sodium is
556:Key:FCCNSUIJIOOXEZ-SJYYZXOBSA-N
475:
469:
457:
1:
2318:Urologic pelvic pain syndrome
1237:10.1016/s0049-0172(99)80021-3
971:10.1016/S0094-0143(21)00597-8
2072:, including antispasmodics (
1963:Capillary stabilising agents
1587:Food and Drug Administration
1374:(6): 677–9, discussion 679.
1285:10.1371/journal.pone.0106516
1180:Postgraduate Medical Journal
797:Food and Drug Administration
790:Food and Drug Administration
581:, sold under the brand name
615:gastrointestinal complaints
2339:
1622:Joint Disease in the Horse
768:breakdown products in the
589:used for the treatment of
447:Chemical and physical data
2323:IARC Group 2B carcinogens
1927:Sodium tetradecyl sulfate
1380:10.1007/s00701-006-0772-y
795:In December 2022, the US
774:cranial cruciate ligament
733:Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
564:
539:
519:
28:
1912:Monoethanolamine oleate
1009:10.1023/a:1015219716583
864:Survey of Ophthalmology
2220:Salicylhydroxamic acid
1767:Fluocinolone acetonide
1472:10.1053/berh.2001.0188
1192:10.1136/pmj.79.934.449
1114:"Pentosan polysulfate"
1088:"Pentosan polysulfate"
933:"Pentosan Polysulfate"
931:Pubmed Health (2012).
778:ground reaction forces
1654:10.2460/ajvr.73.5.628
1508:10.1136/vr.146.15.433
1496:The Veterinary Record
591:interstitial cystitis
2250:Pentosan polysulfate
2215:Acetohydroxamic acid
1922:Inverted sugar syrup
1894:Pentosan polysulfate
1368:Acta Neurochirurgica
625:, and stomach pain.
579:Pentosan polysulfate
99:pentosan polysulfate
23:Pentosan polysulfate
2245:Magnesium hydroxide
1276:2014PLoSO...9j6516Y
915:FDA approval letter
682:Society and culture
650:Mechanism of action
585:among others, is a
25:
2240:Dimethyl sulfoxide
1950:Calcium dobesilate
1591:. 20 December 2022
1540:Veterinary Surgery
1044:JAMA Ophthalmology
836:. 10 November 2022
2278:
2277:
2260:Phenyl salicylate
2202:Other urologicals
2188:Trospium chloride
2091:Ammonium chloride
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
1958:
1957:
1879:Organo-heparinoid
1848:
1847:
1783:local anesthetics
1717:Antihemorrhoidals
1050:(11): 1275–1282.
780:, over 48 weeks.
743:The treatment of
660:glycosaminoglycan
576:
575:
510:Interactive image
416:CompTox Dashboard
210:
91:
16:Chemical compound
2330:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2096:Calcium chloride
2063:
2056:
2049:
2040:
1967:
1860:
1723:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1577:
1564:
1563:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1335:10.1002/pro.2180
1314:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1186:(934): 449–453.
1171:
1165:
1164:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1035:
1029:
1028:
992:
983:
982:
954:
945:
944:
942:
940:
928:
919:
918:
912:
904:
898:
897:
879:
855:
846:
845:
843:
841:
826:
572:
571:
512:
492:
477:
471:
465:
459:
439:
438:
424:
422:
407:
402:as sodium:
399:
379:
374:as sodium:
358:
353:as sodium:
350:
330:
310:
290:
280:
279:
265:
260:as sodium:
257:
208:
205:
183:
173:
163:
153:
143:
101:
90:
87:
74:
48:Elmiron, Zycosan
33:
26:
24:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2255:Phenazopyridine
2197:
2128:Desfesoterodine
2114:antimuscarinics
2111:
2100:
2077:
2067:
2037:
2028:
2005:
1954:
1936:
1898:
1871:for topical use
1844:
1826:
1776:
1752:Fluorometholone
1728:corticosteroids
1719:for topical use
1711:
1704:Vasoprotectives
1701:
1671:
1670:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1567:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1502:(15): 433–437.
1492:
1491:
1487:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1323:Protein Science
1316:
1315:
1311:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1037:
1036:
1032:
994:
993:
986:
956:
955:
948:
938:
936:
930:
929:
922:
910:
906:
905:
901:
857:
856:
849:
839:
837:
828:
827:
814:
809:
786:
758:
753:
751:Veterinary uses
729:
717:
712:
689:
684:
676:
652:
611:
609:Adverse effects
599:
567:
565:
560:
557:
552:
547:
546:
535:
532:
527:
526:
515:
490:
480:
474:
468:
462:
442:
418:
410:
382:
361:
333:
313:
293:
276:
268:
223:Pharmacokinetic
217:
187:
111:
104:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2109:antispasmodics
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Sodium apolate
1881:
1875:
1873:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1737:Hydrocortisone
1733:
1731:
1720:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1647:(5): 628–633.
1627:
1612:
1565:
1546:(3): 234–244.
1529:
1485:
1466:(5): 693–709.
1450:
1431:(3): 108–114.
1415:
1401:
1358:
1309:
1270:(9): e106516.
1250:
1231:(4): 211–267.
1215:
1166:
1147:(5): 202–208.
1131:
1105:
1079:
1030:
1003:(1–2): 85–88.
997:Biogerontology
984:
946:
920:
899:
847:
811:
810:
808:
805:
785:
782:
770:synovial fluid
762:osteoarthritis
757:
754:
752:
749:
728:
725:
721:osteoarthritis
716:
715:Osteoarthritis
713:
711:
708:
688:
685:
683:
680:
675:
672:
651:
648:
610:
607:
598:
595:
574:
573:
562:
561:
559:
558:
555:
553:
550:
542:
541:
540:
537:
536:
534:
533:
530:
522:
521:
520:
517:
516:
514:
513:
505:
503:
495:
494:
488:
482:
481:
478:
472:
466:
460:
455:
449:
448:
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2012:
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1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
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1973:
1972:bioflavonoids
1968:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1948:
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1939:
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1763:
1762:Dexamethasone
1760:
1758:
1757:Fluocortolone
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1748:
1747:Betamethasone
1745:
1743:
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964:
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483:
456:
454:
450:
445:
437:
433:
429:
428:
426:
417:
413:
406:
405:ChEMBL1201516
401:
398:
397:ChEMBL4073796
394:
393:
391:
389:
385:
378:
373:
372:
370:
368:
364:
357:
352:
349:
345:
344:
342:
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329:
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322:
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309:
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296:
289:
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275:
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243:
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182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
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134:
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131:
129:
125:
122:
121:intramuscular
118:
115:
113:
107:
100:
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86:
85:
83:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:
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51:
47:
45:
41:
38:Clinical data
36:
32:
27:
19:
2249:
2226:
2208:
2148:Imidafenacin
2138:Fesoterodine
2010:
1970:
1941:
1903:
1893:
1863:
1854:Antivaricose
1831:
1781:
1772:Fluocinonide
1742:Prednisolone
1726:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1621:
1615:
1593:. Retrieved
1584:
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1488:
1463:
1459:
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1428:
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1312:
1267:
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1224:
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1179:
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1140:
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1043:
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937:. Retrieved
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902:
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838:. Retrieved
833:
801:
794:
787:
766:proteoglycan
759:
742:
730:
718:
704:
697:
690:
677:
668:permeability
653:
612:
600:
597:Medical uses
582:
578:
577:
566:
235:Feces, urine
198:Legal status
192:Legal status
80:License data
18:
2265:Succinimide
2183:Tolterodine
2173:Solifenacin
2168:Propiverine
2153:Meladrazine
2123:Darifenacin
2112:(primarily
2070:Urologicals
2019:Tribenoside
1986:Monoxerutin
1917:Polidocanol
1869:heparinoids
1840:Tribenoside
1595:21 December
840:21 December
493: g·mol
263:140207-93-8
240:Identifiers
53:Other names
44:Trade names
2307:Categories
2235:Dapoxetine
2212:analogues:
2178:Terodiline
2163:Oxybutynin
2158:Mirabegron
2133:Emepronium
2083:Acidifiers
2024:Etamsylate
1996:Troxerutin
1822:Pramocaine
1817:Oxetacaine
1802:Benzocaine
1797:Tetracaine
1124:8 November
1098:8 November
807:References
587:medication
498:3D model (
486:Molar mass
356:914032762Y
348:F59P8B75R4
319:ChemSpider
255:37300-21-3
246:CAS Number
2270:Tiopronin
2143:Flavoxate
2001:Hidrosmin
1807:Dibucaine
1792:Lidocaine
939:2 October
894:234767956
627:Hair loss
623:heartburn
603:indicated
231:Excretion
110:Routes of
72:Monograph
66:Drugs.com
2297:Medicine
2230:Collagen
2193:Vibegron
1981:Rutoside
1865:heparins
1812:Procaine
1663:22533393
1560:17461948
1524:46623547
1516:10811265
1480:11812016
1396:37400744
1388:16598408
1353:23081827
1304:25181483
1264:PLOS ONE
1245:10073500
1210:12954956
1161:12779171
1074:31486843
1025:33755966
1017:12014849
886:34000253
834:DailyMed
710:Research
639:insomnia
631:headache
619:diarrhea
617:such as
569:(verify)
299:DrugBank
176:QM01AX90
166:QG04BX15
156:QC05BA04
128:ATC code
117:By mouth
94:DailyMed
2106:Urinary
1991:Diosmin
1889:Heparin
1856:therapy
1445:8683953
1344:3575857
1295:4152300
1272:Bibcode
1201:1742771
1118:PubChem
1092:PubChem
1065:6735406
979:7904388
792:(FDA).
700:PubChem
674:History
664:bladder
656:bladder
644:retinal
583:Elmiron
453:Formula
308:DB00686
274:PubChem
178: (
168: (
158: (
148: (
146:G04BX15
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637:, and
524:SMILES
491:602.47
388:ChEMBL
377:D05428
213:℞-only
211:
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2011:other
1942:other
1832:other
1589:(FDA)
1585:U.S.
1520:S2CID
1392:S2CID
1021:S2CID
911:(PDF)
890:S2CID
737:prion
693:IUPAC
687:Names
544:InChI
500:JSmol
328:34595
288:37720
2210:Urea
2074:G04B
1659:PMID
1597:2022
1556:PMID
1512:PMID
1476:PMID
1441:PMID
1384:PMID
1349:PMID
1300:PMID
1241:PMID
1206:PMID
1157:PMID
1126:2022
1100:2022
1070:PMID
1013:PMID
975:PMID
941:2012
882:PMID
842:2022
756:Dogs
691:The
635:rash
367:KEGG
339:UNII
225:data
62:AHFS
1867:or
1708:C05
1649:doi
1548:doi
1504:doi
1500:146
1468:doi
1433:doi
1376:doi
1372:148
1339:PMC
1331:doi
1290:PMC
1280:doi
1233:doi
1196:PMC
1188:doi
1149:doi
1060:PMC
1052:doi
1048:137
1005:doi
967:doi
872:doi
421:EPA
278:CID
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