731:
663:
693:
678:
648:
712:
633:
1254:
D'Ambro, Emma L.; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Gaston, Cassandra J.; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Lee, Ben H.; Liu, Jiumeng; Zelenyuk, Alla; Bell, David; Cappa, Christopher D.; Helgestad, Taylor; Li, Ziyue (2019-09-05).
47:, usually containing oxygen. When combined with the hydrocarbon terpenes, terpenoids comprise about 80,000 compounds. They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known
619:
Terpenoids can also be classified according to the type and number of cyclic structures they contain: linear, acyclic, monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, pentacyclic, or macrocyclic. The
177:
atoms added. Some authors use the term "terpene" more broadly, to include the terpenoids. Just like terpenes, the terpenoids can be classified according to the number of
830:
in
Australia are noted for having a bluish color when seen from a distance. Trees put the "blue" in Blue Ridge, from their terpeenoids released into the atmosphere.
1430:
260:
692:
1331:
1201:
58:
Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids contribute to the scent of
1637:
1257:"Chamber-based insights into the factors controlling epoxydiol (IEPOX) secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield, composition, and volatility"
759:
Terpenoids, at least those containing an alcohol functional group, often arise by hydrolysis of carbocationic intermediates produced from
1377:
1423:
967:
Ashour, Mohamed; Wink, Michael; Gershenzon, Jonathan (2010). "Biochemistry of
Terpenoids: Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes and Diterpenes".
1139:"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria Therapy in Southwestern Nigeria"
2616:
1180:
Davis, Edward M.; Croteau, Rodney (2000). "Cyclization
Enzymes in the Biosynthesis of Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, and Diterpenes".
1121:
984:
730:
1079:
2665:
827:
662:
1416:
844:
711:
1229:
2670:
2093:
1549:
839:
772:
2643:
1495:
1001:
240:
647:
632:
677:
2637:
1602:
244:
1630:
1354:
2048:
764:
1615:
1895:
1521:
859:
760:
1921:
1439:
1268:
823:
1623:
141:
in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid precursors. Sometimes terpenoids are added to
1564:
1216:
1323:
1021:"Plant terpenes: defense responses, phylogenetic analysis, regulation and clinical applications"
1025:
1327:
1296:
1197:
1117:
1060:
1042:
980:
934:
819:
formation. Secondary organic aerosols formed from this pathway may have atmospheric impacts.
2235:
2011:
1951:
1286:
1276:
1189:
1160:
1150:
1109:
1050:
1034:
972:
924:
916:
885:
804:
100:
48:
44:
43:, etc. While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional
28:
2354:
2269:
2227:
1735:
768:
740:
450:
352:
256:
52:
1272:
2620:
2574:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2449:
2411:
2401:
1982:
1316:
1113:
1055:
1020:
929:
904:
854:
620:
611:
544:
525:
517:
297:
150:
2659:
2565:
2531:
2526:
2477:
1707:
1256:
800:
792:
577:
455:
357:
271:
252:
214:
146:
123:
114:
2579:
2497:
2416:
2406:
2349:
2332:
2317:
2286:
2246:
2216:
2142:
1821:
1801:
1592:
1587:
1480:
607:
549:
537:
487:
435:
419:
170:
95:
1241:
2551:
2541:
2517:
2502:
2344:
2309:
2304:
2193:
2188:
2056:
2020:
1997:
1936:
1885:
1875:
1825:
1745:
1559:
1513:
920:
879:
776:
476:
393:
317:
313:
276:
119:
1403:
153:. Terpenoids play a role in plant defense as prophylaxis against pathogens and
2536:
2454:
2380:
2339:
2327:
2322:
2208:
2198:
1992:
1987:
1940:
1582:
1574:
1554:
1503:
1281:
1038:
976:
698:
638:
570:
492:
427:
423:
329:
325:
154:
127:
109:
105:
59:
1300:
1046:
2163:
2025:
1956:
1796:
1193:
1155:
1138:
889:
849:
702:
653:
480:
398:
248:
75:
40:
1064:
938:
1104:
Ludwiczuk, A.; Skalicka-Woźniak, K.; Georgiev, M.I. (2017). "Terpenoids".
2507:
2492:
2464:
2393:
2359:
2158:
2030:
1931:
1905:
1890:
1841:
1831:
1791:
1716:
1655:
1526:
1485:
1470:
1457:
788:
721:
668:
533:
521:
439:
386:
378:
337:
321:
219:
197:
178:
63:
32:
1408:
1291:
2385:
2375:
2296:
2117:
2112:
2040:
2035:
1977:
1972:
1926:
1900:
1836:
1775:
1770:
1696:
1687:
1647:
1475:
1465:
1080:"The Physiology of Cannabis Terpenes and Terpenoids – A Brief Overview"
812:
811:. These new species can dissolve into water droplets and contribute to
796:
754:
736:
717:
683:
582:
443:
431:
382:
341:
333:
305:
301:
191:
166:
142:
134:
91:
87:
36:
1165:
2546:
2088:
1946:
1880:
1846:
1817:
1730:
1531:
529:
513:
345:
309:
264:
174:
138:
83:
79:
71:
67:
1350:
808:
55:
bioactivity and are therefore of interest to medicinal chemists.
816:
1619:
1412:
787:
In air, terpenoids are converted into various species, such as
1378:"Beating the eucalypt blues – new ways to model air quality"
1217:
Organic Carbon
Compounds Emitted By Trees Affect Air Quality
905:"Structural and Chemical Biology of Terpenoid Cyclases"
2615:
Terpene synthase enzymes (many), having in common a
1228:
IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas
Kinetic Data Evaluation –
878:
Chemistry, International Union of Pure and
Applied.
623:
can be used to identify the presence of terpenoids.
2630:
2608:
2591:
2564:
2516:
2463:
2448:
2431:
2368:
2295:
2285:
2268:
2207:
2181:
2151:
2126:
2105:
2081:
2071:
2010:
1965:
1914:
1868:
1859:
1810:
1784:
1763:
1744:
1706:
1663:
1601:
1573:
1540:
1512:
1494:
1456:
1446:
16:
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
1315:
1351:"Blue Ridge Parkway, Frequently Asked Questions"
763:. Analogously hydrolysis of intermediates from
1693:Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar)
1631:
1424:
8:
1099:
1097:
1019:Singh, Bharat; Sharma, Ram A. (April 2015).
1143:Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
145:, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the
2460:
2292:
2078:
1865:
1760:
1638:
1624:
1616:
1431:
1417:
1409:
969:Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism
1322:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p.
1290:
1280:
1164:
1154:
1054:
928:
881:IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
183:
181:units that comprise the parent terpene:
870:
771:, and hydrolysis of intermediates from
625:
1357:from the original on December 28, 2007
27:, are a class of naturally occurring
7:
51:. Many terpenoids have substantial
671:are classified as sesquiterpenoids.
31:derived from the 5-carbon compound
2617:terpene synthase N terminal domain
1114:10.1016/B978-0-12-802104-0.00011-1
122:found in cannabis. The provitamin
14:
1261:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
828:Blue Mountains of New South Wales
641:is a diterpenoid anticancer drug.
157:for the predators of herbivores.
126:is a terpene derivative called a
1338:blue mountains chemical terpene.
1000:Specter M (September 28, 2009).
729:
710:
691:
676:
661:
646:
631:
82:. Well-known terpenoids include
1353:. National Park Service. 2007.
1318:Invitation To Organic Chemistry
903:Christianson, David W. (2017).
173:have been moved or removed, or
1404:IUPAC definition of terpenoids
845:List of phytochemicals in food
1:
1244:, ScienceNews, August 6, 2009
2094:Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
1219:, ScienceDaily, Aug. 7, 2009
840:List of antioxidants in food
807:) and to a lesser extent by
773:geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
161:Structure and classification
2644:Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
1182:Topics in Current Chemistry
921:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00287
755:Terpene § Biosynthesis
35:and its derivatives called
2687:
1550:Geranylgeranyl diphosphate
752:
2638:Isopentenyl pyrophosphate
2592:Norisoprenoids (modified)
1282:10.5194/acp-19-11253-2019
1039:10.1007/s13205-014-0220-2
977:10.1002/9781444320503.ch5
245:isopentenyl pyrophosphate
2631:Activated isoprene forms
2432:Sesquarterpenes/oids (7)
1681:Monocyclic (single ring)
795:, organic nitrates, and
165:Terpenoids are modified
2666:Terpenes and terpenoids
2254:Secodehydroabietic acid
1194:10.1007/3-540-48146-X_2
1156:10.4314/tjpr.v7i3.14686
890:10.1351/goldbook.T06279
203:Number of carbon atoms
78:, and the red color in
2049:Farnesyl pyrophosphate
765:farnesyl pyrophosphate
701:is a monoterpenoid, a
74:, the yellow color in
2251:Sandaracopimaric acid
1896:Geranyl pyrophosphate
1440:Secondary metabolites
860:Secondary metabolites
761:geranyl pyrophosphate
753:Further information:
2441:Tetraprenylcurcumene
1922:Grapefruit mercaptan
971:. pp. 258–303.
824:Blue Ridge Mountains
724:, is a triterpenoid.
2671:Plant communication
2224:Dehydroabietic acid
1690:(cyclopentane ring)
1522:Geranyl diphosphate
1314:Johnson AW (1998).
1273:2019ACP....1911253D
1267:(17): 11253–11265.
1002:"A Life of Its Own"
915:(17): 11570–11648.
656:are monoterpenoids.
627:Selected terpenoids
149:; this is known as
1684:Bicyclic (2 rings)
1230:Data Sheet Ox_VOC7
1137:Ayoola GA (2008).
956:. Oxford: Biology.
954:Nature's Chemicals
822:As an example the
783:Impact on aerosols
2653:
2652:
2601:7,8-dihydroionone
2560:
2559:
2427:
2426:
2264:
2263:
2232:Lambertianic acid
2006:
2005:
1855:
1854:
1670:Acyclic (linear,
1613:
1612:
1603:←Enzyme cofactors
1333:978-0-7637-0432-2
1203:978-3-540-66573-1
1078:Houghton, Isaac.
686:is a diterpenoid.
617:
616:
62:, the flavors of
45:functional groups
29:organic chemicals
2678:
2461:
2293:
2270:Sesterterpenoids
2236:Levopimaric acid
2098:Geranyl-linalool
2079:
2012:Sesquiterpenoids
1952:Perillyl alcohol
1866:
1761:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1410:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1321:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1251:
1245:
1242:A source of haze
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1149:(3): 1019–1024.
1134:
1128:
1127:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1058:
1016:
1010:
1009:
997:
991:
990:
964:
958:
957:
949:
943:
942:
932:
909:Chemical Reviews
900:
894:
893:
875:
826:in the U.S. and
805:hydroxyl radical
769:sesquiterpenoids
733:
714:
695:
680:
665:
650:
635:
451:Sesterterpenoids
353:Sesquiterpenoids
206:General formula
184:
101:Salvia divinorum
49:natural products
23:, also known as
2686:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2626:
2604:
2587:
2556:
2512:
2452:
2450:Tetraterpenoids
2444:
2423:
2364:
2355:Cholecalciferol
2281:
2278:Geranylfarnesol
2260:
2243:Neoabietic acid
2228:Isopimaric acid
2203:
2177:
2147:
2122:
2101:
2067:
2002:
1961:
1910:
1861:
1860:Monoterpenoids
1851:
1806:
1780:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:Isovaleric acid
1726:
1722:
1702:
1659:
1644:
1614:
1609:
1597:
1569:
1536:
1508:
1496:Natural phenols
1490:
1452:
1442:
1437:
1400:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1082:. Elliot Barker
1077:
1076:
1072:
1018:
1017:
1013:
999:
998:
994:
987:
966:
965:
961:
952:Firn R (2010).
951:
950:
946:
902:
901:
897:
877:
876:
872:
868:
836:
799:by short-lived
785:
757:
751:
744:
741:sesquiterpenoid
734:
725:
715:
706:
696:
687:
681:
672:
666:
657:
651:
642:
636:
604:
600:
596:
567:
563:
545:Tetraterpenoids
510:
506:
473:
469:
416:
412:
375:
371:
294:
290:
257:isovaleric acid
237:
233:
163:
53:pharmacological
17:
12:
11:
5:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2621:protein domain
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2575:Natural rubber
2571:
2569:
2566:Polyterpenoids
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2488:Delta-Carotene
2485:
2483:Gamma-Carotene
2480:
2475:
2473:Alpha-Carotene
2469:
2467:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:Betulinic acid
2409:
2404:
2402:Oleanolic acid
2396:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:Citrostadienol
2312:
2301:
2299:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:Palustric acid
2255:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1983:Bornyl acetate
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1708:Hemiterpenoids
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:Monoterpenoids
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1398:External links
1396:
1394:
1393:
1368:
1342:
1332:
1306:
1246:
1234:
1221:
1209:
1202:
1172:
1129:
1122:
1093:
1070:
1033:(2): 129–151.
1011:
1006:The New Yorker
992:
985:
959:
944:
895:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
857:
855:Phytochemistry
852:
847:
842:
835:
832:
793:hydroperoxides
784:
781:
750:
747:
746:
745:
735:
728:
726:
716:
709:
707:
697:
690:
688:
682:
675:
673:
667:
660:
658:
652:
645:
643:
637:
630:
628:
621:Salkowski test
615:
614:
612:natural rubber
605:
602:
598:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
574:
573:
568:
565:
561:
558:
555:
552:
547:
541:
540:
526:oleanolic acid
518:betulinic acid
511:
508:
504:
501:
498:
495:
490:
484:
483:
474:
471:
467:
464:
461:
458:
456:Sesterterpenes
453:
447:
446:
417:
414:
410:
407:
404:
401:
396:
390:
389:
376:
373:
369:
366:
363:
360:
358:Sesquiterpenes
355:
349:
348:
298:Bornyl acetate
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
274:
272:Monoterpenoids
268:
267:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
222:
217:
215:Hemiterpenoids
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
194:
188:
162:
159:
151:isoprenylation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2683:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2598:3-oxo-α-ionol
2597:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Cryptoxanthin
2530:
2528:
2527:Canthaxanthin
2525:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Beta-Carotene
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2438:Ferrugicadiol
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:Serratenediol
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2287:Triterpenoids
2284:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2240:Mercusic acid
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:Communic acid
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1606:
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1600:
1594:
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1581:
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1566:
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1533:
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1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
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1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:9780128021040
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Pharmacognosy
1100:
1098:
1094:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
988:
986:9781444320503
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
960:
955:
948:
945:
940:
936:
931:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
896:
891:
887:
883:
882:
874:
871:
865:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
801:free radicals
798:
794:
790:
782:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
756:
748:
742:
738:
732:
727:
723:
719:
713:
708:
704:
700:
694:
689:
685:
679:
674:
670:
664:
659:
655:
649:
644:
640:
634:
629:
626:
624:
622:
613:
609:
606:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:Polyterpenoid
576:
575:
572:
569:
559:
556:
553:
551:
550:Tetraterpenes
548:
546:
543:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
502:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:Triterpenoids
486:
485:
482:
478:
475:
465:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
418:
408:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
388:
384:
380:
377:
367:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
286:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:isovaleramide
250:
246:
242:
239:
229:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
202:
199:
195:
193:
189:
186:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:methyl groups
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
147:cell membrane
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:beta carotene
121:
117:
116:
115:Ginkgo biloba
111:
107:
103:
102:
98:in the plant
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2584:Gutta-balatá
2580:Gutta percha
2518:Xanthophylls
2498:Neurosporene
2417:Moronic acid
2407:Ursolic acid
2350:Testosterone
2333:Stigmasterol
2318:Cycloartenol
2305:Phytosterols
2247:Pimaric acid
2217:Abietic acid
2168:Manoyl oxide
2143:Salvinorin A
2133:
2073:Diterpenoids
2072:
1937:Thujaplicins
1862:(2,modified)
1802:Phellandrene
1746:Monoterpenes
1675:
1671:
1664:Basic forms:
1651:
1593:Tetracycline
1588:Streptomycin
1542:Diterpenoids
1541:
1481:Tetrodotoxin
1385:. Retrieved
1382:www.csiro.au
1381:
1371:
1361:December 29,
1359:. Retrieved
1345:
1337:
1317:
1309:
1292:10138/305801
1264:
1260:
1249:
1237:
1224:
1212:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1105:
1084:. Retrieved
1073:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1005:
995:
968:
962:
953:
947:
912:
908:
898:
880:
873:
821:
786:
777:diterpenoids
758:
749:Biosynthesis
618:
608:Gutta-percha
583:Polyterpenes
538:ursolic acid
436:salvinorin A
420:Abietic acid
394:Diterpenoids
277:Monoterpenes
164:
132:
120:cannabinoids
113:
99:
96:salvinorin A
57:
24:
20:
18:
2552:Rubixanthin
2542:Astaxanthin
2503:Phytofluene
2455:Carotenoids
2345:Cholesterol
2340:Tocopherols
2310:Campesterol
2209:Resin acids
2194:Gibberellin
2189:Aphidicolin
2182:Tetracyclic
2057:Longifolene
2021:Artemisinin
1998:Umbellulone
1886:Citronellol
1876:Citronellal
1575:Antibiotics
1565:Pimaradiene
1560:Aphidicolin
1504:Polyphenols
1108:: 233–266.
720:, a common
705:derivative.
571:Carotenoids
493:Triterpenes
477:Andrastin A
424:ginkgolides
318:citronellol
314:citronellal
187:Terpenoids
155:attractants
25:isoprenoids
2660:Categories
2537:Zeaxanthin
2381:Lanosterol
2328:Sitosterol
2323:Sitostanol
2199:Paclitaxel
2106:Monocyclic
1993:Ascaridole
1988:Eucalyptol
1941:Hinokitiol
1915:Monocyclic
1785:Monocyclic
1652:terpenoids
1583:Penicillin
1387:2023-12-10
1166:1807/60332
866:References
803:(like the
699:Hinokitiol
654:Terpineols
639:Paclitaxel
428:paclitaxel
399:Diterpenes
330:hinokitiol
326:eucalyptol
196:Number of
169:, wherein
128:carotenoid
110:bilobalide
106:ginkgolide
76:sunflowers
60:eucalyptus
41:diterpenes
21:terpenoids
2609:Synthesis
2465:Carotenes
2360:Ecdysones
2164:Forskolin
2152:Tricyclic
2139:Epimanool
2064:Nootkatin
2061:Muurolene
2053:Juniperol
2045:Chanootin
2026:Bisabolol
1957:Carvacrol
1797:Terpinene
1699:(4 rings)
1646:Types of
1458:Alkaloids
1301:1680-7316
1188:: 53–95.
1047:2190-572X
1026:3 Biotech
884:. IUPAC.
850:Nutrition
789:aldehydes
703:tropolone
669:Humulones
522:limonoids
481:manoalide
249:isoprenol
209:Examples
190:Analogue
112:found in
2508:Phytoene
2493:Lycopene
2394:Squalane
2386:Saponins
2297:Steroids
2159:Cembrene
2136:-Abienol
2127:Bicyclic
2031:Cadinene
1966:Bicyclic
1932:p-Cymene
1906:Linalool
1891:Geraniol
1842:Sabinene
1832:Camphene
1811:Bicyclic
1792:Limonene
1776:Myrcenes
1717:Isoprene
1697:Steroids
1688:Iridoids
1656:isoprene
1648:terpenes
1527:Limonene
1486:Atropine
1471:Morphine
1355:Archived
1065:28324581
939:28841019
834:See also
797:epoxides
722:limonoid
534:squalene
440:sclareol
387:humulone
379:Farnesol
338:linalool
334:iridoids
322:geraniol
220:Isoprene
198:isoprene
192:terpenes
179:isoprene
167:terpenes
143:proteins
135:steroids
118:and the
80:tomatoes
64:cinnamon
37:terpenes
33:isoprene
2646:(DMAPP)
2376:Betulin
2174:Pimarol
2171:Pimaral
2118:Retinal
2113:Retinol
2082:Acyclic
2041:Cedrene
2036:Cadinol
1978:Borneol
1973:Camphor
1927:Menthol
1901:Halomon
1869:Acyclic
1837:Thujene
1771:Ocimene
1764:Acyclic
1476:Cocaine
1466:Codeine
1447:General
1376:CSIRO.
1269:Bibcode
1056:4362742
930:5599884
813:aerosol
779:, etc.
737:Geosmin
718:Limonin
684:Retinol
590:>40
530:sterols
444:steviol
432:retinol
383:geosmin
342:menthol
306:carvone
302:camphor
139:sterols
92:camphor
88:menthol
2568:(many)
2547:Lutein
2398:Acids
2089:Phytol
1947:Thymol
1881:Citral
1847:Carene
1818:Pinene
1731:Prenol
1678:forms)
1658:units)
1654:(# of
1608:
1532:Pinene
1451:
1330:
1299:
1232:, 2007
1200:
1120:
1063:
1053:
1045:
983:
937:
927:
775:gives
767:gives
587:>8
514:Amyrin
346:thymol
310:citral
265:prenol
200:units
175:oxygen
84:citral
72:ginger
70:, and
68:cloves
2640:(IPP)
2457:) (8)
2369:Other
1676:trans
1555:Taxol
1086:3 May
809:ozone
739:is a
261:HMBPP
241:DMAPP
1824:and
1757:)(2)
1674:and
1650:and
1363:2007
1328:ISBN
1297:ISSN
1198:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1088:2016
1061:PMID
1043:ISSN
981:ISBN
935:PMID
817:haze
815:and
137:and
133:The
108:and
19:The
2289:(6)
2272:(5)
2134:cis
2075:(4)
2014:(3)
1710:(1)
1672:cis
1324:261
1287:hdl
1277:doi
1190:doi
1186:209
1161:hdl
1151:doi
1110:doi
1051:PMC
1035:doi
973:doi
925:PMC
917:doi
913:117
886:doi
557:40
500:30
463:25
406:20
365:15
284:10
2662::
1755:16
1751:10
1749:(C
1719:(C
1380:.
1336:.
1326:.
1295:.
1285:.
1275:.
1265:19
1263:.
1259:.
1196:.
1184:.
1159:.
1145:.
1141:.
1116:.
1096:^
1059:.
1049:.
1041:.
1029:.
1023:.
1004:.
979:.
933:.
923:.
911:.
907:.
791:,
610:,
593:(C
566:64
562:40
554:8
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
509:48
505:30
497:6
479:,
472:40
468:25
460:5
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
426:,
422:,
415:32
411:20
403:4
385:,
381:,
374:24
370:15
362:3
344:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
328:,
324:,
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
293:16
289:10
281:2
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
243:,
227:5
224:1
130:.
104:,
94:,
90:,
86:,
66:,
39:,
2623:)
2619:(
2520::
2453:(
1943:)
1939:(
1828:)
1826:β
1822:α
1820:(
1753:H
1727:)
1725:8
1723:H
1721:5
1639:e
1632:t
1625:v
1432:e
1425:t
1418:v
1390:.
1365:.
1303:.
1289::
1279::
1271::
1206:.
1192::
1169:.
1163::
1153::
1147:7
1126:.
1112::
1090:.
1067:.
1037::
1031:5
1008:.
989:.
975::
941:.
919::
892:.
888::
743:.
603:n
601:)
599:8
597:H
595:5
564:H
560:C
507:H
503:C
470:H
466:C
413:H
409:C
372:H
368:C
291:H
287:C
236:8
234:H
232:5
230:C
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